CN105189884B - 模块化建筑*** - Google Patents

模块化建筑*** Download PDF

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CN105189884B
CN105189884B CN201480026395.0A CN201480026395A CN105189884B CN 105189884 B CN105189884 B CN 105189884B CN 201480026395 A CN201480026395 A CN 201480026395A CN 105189884 B CN105189884 B CN 105189884B
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欧文·克卢斯
亚历山大·布施
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Sas DHOMINO
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34838—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/70—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood
    • E04B2/706—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of wood with supporting function
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/005—Modulation co-ordination
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/2692—End to end connections of elongated members along their common longitudinal axis

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

模块化建筑***，其由一种建筑***组成，在该建筑***中，骨架由若干被组装为堆的预制单元(1)制成，每个单元(1)由木质框架结构组成，该木质框架结构包含一系列以标准间距间隔开的垂直立柱(2)，在该木质框架结构内垂直立柱(2)跨越楼层之间的整个高度，在第N+1楼层上的壁的垂直立柱(2)各自直接地搁在第N层的垂直立柱(2)上，而横向于垂直立柱(2)的组件(3)和/或插在立柱(2)之间的部件上的组件实现保持和支承垂直立柱(2)的功能。

Description

模块化建筑***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于建筑构造的带有木质框架的工业化建筑***。
更特别地，本发明涉及一种建筑***，其性能在没有应用支撑结构的情况下允许在许多楼层上的堆叠。
背景技术
木质建筑***已为公众所知，它们的数目基本上为三种且每个都有优点和缺点。
因此由胶合实木制成的壁的组件是已知的，其中连续木板由小断面木材的组件以交叉层重建。根据特定组装标准，如此得到的板被用于填充承重结构或作为承重结构。
立柱-梁结构也是已知的，包括被组装在楼层内的大断面木质结构，它的用于垂直(立柱)与水平部件(梁)的标注尺寸以及它们的装配连接接管所有必要的努力来构建建筑、所应用的板坯以及完整的建筑所包封的壁板，并且可以最终提供支承功能以用于承重立柱-梁结构。
最后，木质框架类型的建筑也是已知的，即壁板由固定到底轨和顶轨以用于形成板的垂直木质立柱构成。该板由这种支承结构通过固着到该结构的一个或两个支承板构成。根据特定组装标准，如此得到的板被用于填充承重结构或作为承重结构。
这些木质框架壁能被放置在中间层或在立柱-梁结构上。
底部和顶轨具有若干机械和结构功能，即：
-固定并保持立柱彼此间所期望的距离。
-固着底轨，用于将板保持对齐和处于反作用力载荷处。
-将上部建筑部件固着到板的顶轨上。
底部和顶轨允许将材料或支承***缝在板的底部和顶部边缘。
然而传统木质框架建筑具有局限性。因此，木质框架板的底部和顶部的轨在垂直于木材纤维的方向上接纳由每个立柱承载的载荷。
木材在纤维方向上比在垂直于纤维方向上每单位面积承载多得多的载荷，其结果是在准时(puncctual)反作用力载荷处在水平纤维上压碎实木的部件或轨。
典型地，传统框架***，其载荷转移到带有水平纤维的木材上，允许承载具有木质框架的建筑高达R+2层，即三层，超过这个就会有到达结构极限的这种实木的准时压碎风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种带有木质框架结构的预制建筑***，在没有应用承重结构和在没有被限定能建层数的情况下，该预制建筑***为可运输的和在很大程度上为可堆叠的。
根据本发明的模块化建筑***的特征在于它由建筑***组成，在该建筑***中，骨架由若干被组装为堆的预制单元制成；且其特征还在于每个所述单元由木质框架结构组成，该木质框架结构包含一系列以标准间距间隔开的垂直立柱，木质框架结构的垂直立柱跨越楼层之间的整个高度，并且其特征还在于在第N+1楼层上的壁的所述垂直立柱各自直接地搁在第N层的垂直立柱上，而横向于垂直立柱的组件和/或插在垂直立柱之间的部件上的组件实现保持和支承所述立柱的功能。
每个立柱允许的反作用力载荷在这种构造中高得多，没有带有水平纤维的木材承载载荷因此没有压碎。
由于在立柱-梁***中无需用于承载的柱子，因此在标准的木制框架中，我们根据现行法规保持立柱横截面和间距以及木材的结构类别。
根据本发明的模块化建筑***的另一版本，其特征在于，它由一种建筑***组成，在该建筑***中，骨架由若干被组装为堆的预制单元制成；且其特征还在于每个所述单元由木质框架结构组成，该木质框架结构包含一系列的以标准间距间隔开的垂直立柱，木质框架结构的垂直立柱跨越楼层之间的整个高度，且其特征还在于第N+1楼层上的壁的所述垂直立柱各自搁在第N层的垂直立柱上，在它们之间已经***了能够确保转移或反作用力载荷的且由一种材料或若干材料的复合材料制成的部件，该一种材料或复合材料被如此选择以便在上部一或多层楼层的载荷应力下维持其机械性能，而横向于垂直立柱的组件和/或插在垂直立柱之间的部件上的组件确保保持和支承所述垂直立柱的功能。
由一种材料或若干材料的复合材料制成的***的部件(例如金属)也有可能形成固着装置。
当然，依据建筑的特征即它们将受到的载荷，选择并计算它们的性质和尺寸特征。这排除了实木，如上面所提到的，实木可达到压缩的结构性极限，并因此导致准时压碎的风险。
这些部件可以由非限制性金属(例如角铁)的片材、或型材组成。它们也可由如下材料制成，如混凝土(不论是否加强)，树脂(不论是否用纤维加强)，再生木板，结合或胶合的工业木材，层压工业木材，选择以具有所需压缩特性的木材品种，基于聚合物或天然粘合剂的聚合物或生物基材料，黑色或有色金属，若干这种材料的组合(举例而言，一个能提供压缩或剪切强度，另外一个提供扭矩强度)，或者复合材料之一例如能被选择以提供防火。
垂直立柱可能不处于上和/或下层的相应垂直立柱的准确的延伸。这些部件的目的是允许在壁的纵向上的移位的补偿。
根据依据本发明的建筑***的附加特征，垂直立柱被组装在下水平梁上，其旨在承载地板托梁。
根据依据本发明的建筑***的另一附加特征，垂直立柱被组装在上水平梁上，其旨在承载天花板或屋顶托梁。
根据依据本发明的建筑***的另一附加特征，垂直立柱直接承载天花板或屋顶托梁。
预制单元旨在被彼此堆叠，且成套堆叠的单元可以为并列的，其可以以许多和不同的方式被承载，例如，非限制性地，在纵梁之间，在纵梁和托梁之间，在纵梁和立柱之间，在立柱和立柱之间，在立柱和托梁之间，等等......。
附图说明
从下面的参考附图的描述，根据本发明的建筑***的优点和特征将变得清晰，附图代表若干非限制性的相同的实施方案。
在附图中：
-图1示出根据依据本发明的建筑***制成的结构的示意性透视图。
-图2示出相同结构的变型的示意性透视图。
-图3示出根据依据本发明的建筑***的结构的另一实施方式的示意性透视图。
-图4示出根据依据本发明的建筑***的结构的另一实施方式的局部示意性透视图。
具体实施方式
当参照图1时，我们可以看到根据依据本发明的建筑***制成的结构。
此结构包括两个堆叠的模块1，其为相同的设计。
每个模块1包括垂直立柱2，该垂直立柱是平行的且以确定间距间隔开以形成承重壁，该间距可以由间隔件(未示出)非限制性地确保。
在所示实施方式中，模块1的相同壁的立柱2在下部通过水平梁3的方式被组装，且两个相对壁的两个水平纵梁3承载地板托梁4，而两个壁2的立柱在上部承载天花板或屋顶托梁5。
进一步地，每个壁由内支承件20和/或外支承件21加强。
这些组件可以是任何类型，它们将被计算，以便足以保证模块化单元结构的结合力以利于运输，然后在其使用期间作为建筑的结构部件。
根据本发明，通过模块1的每个垂直立柱2直接抵着下部的模块1的垂直立柱2，上模块1搁在下模块1上。垂直立柱2因此以彼此的延伸的方式从一层到另一层，而没有带有水平纤维来承载载荷的木材的介入，因此没有压碎的风险。
现在当参照图2时，我们能看到一种变型，其中相同壁的垂直立柱2被组装在水平梁50的上部，水平梁50承载天花板或屋顶托梁5。
现在当参照图3时，我们能看到根据本发明的结构的另一实施方式。因此，上模块1的每个垂直立柱1不直接抵靠在下模块1的垂直立柱1上，而是有***的材料或若干材料的复合材料制成的部件6，该材料或复合材料被选择以便在上层地板或地板的载荷的应力下能够保持它的机械性能，且其可非限制地由片材组成。
根据部件6的机械性能，可以想到相对于上模块1的那些垂直立柱移动下模块1的垂直立柱2，部件6确保载荷转移并被选择以便承受由建筑物所产生的压缩和剪切应力。
在该实施方式中，应注意两个堆叠模块1分享两个水平梁30和相同的托梁40，水平梁30和托梁40对于下模块1而言，分别形成上纵梁和天花板托梁，而对于上模块而言，分别形成下纵梁和地板托梁。
涉及相同实施方式的图4允许观察到，一方面，***在下模块1的垂直立柱2和上模块1的那些垂直立柱之间的部件6非限制地由角形轮廓条组成，且另一方面，通过连接件C制备结构的各种部件的组件。
不管所考虑的实施方式，根据本发明的建筑***允许在没有限制层数的情况下制作结构。

Claims (4)

1.模块化建筑***，在该模块化建筑***中，骨架由若干被组装为堆的预制单元(1)制成；且其中每个所述单元(1)由木质框架结构组成，该木质框架结构包含一系列以标准间距间隔开的垂直立柱(2)，该木质框架结构的所述垂直立柱(2)跨越楼层之间的整个高度，且其中在第N+1楼层上的壁的所述垂直立柱(2)各自搁在第N层的垂直立柱(2)上，而横向于所述垂直立柱(2)的组件(3、50、20、21)实现保持所述垂直立柱(2)的功能，
其特征在于在第N+1楼层上的壁的所述垂直立柱(2)各自直接地搁在第N层的垂直立柱(2)上，没有带有水平纤维的木材的介入来承载载荷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的模块化建筑***，其中所述垂直立柱(2)被组装在下水平梁(3)上，旨在承载地板托梁(4)。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的模块化建筑***，其中所述垂直立柱(2)被组装在上水平梁(50)上，旨在承载天花板或屋顶托梁(5)。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的模块化建筑***，其中所述垂直立柱(2)直接地承载天花板或屋顶托梁(5)。
CN201480026395.0A 2013-03-12 2014-03-12 模块化建筑*** Expired - Fee Related CN105189884B (zh)

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FR1352195A FR3003283B1 (fr) 2013-03-12 2013-03-12 Systeme de construction modulaire
FRFR1352195 2013-03-12
PCT/FR2014/050562 WO2014140479A1 (fr) 2013-03-12 2014-03-12 Système de construction modulaire

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CA (1) CA2905191C (zh)
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RU2693626C2 (ru) 2019-07-03
RU2015137609A (ru) 2017-04-17
FR3003283A1 (fr) 2014-09-19
EP2971389B1 (fr) 2023-03-01
HK1215461A1 (zh) 2016-08-26
CN105189884A (zh) 2015-12-23
EP2971389A1 (fr) 2016-01-20
AU2014229889A1 (en) 2015-10-29
CA2905191C (fr) 2021-02-09
FR3003283B1 (fr) 2021-03-19
AU2018202709A1 (en) 2018-05-10
BR112015021761A2 (pt) 2020-02-04
US20160024779A1 (en) 2016-01-28
CA2905191A1 (fr) 2014-09-18
WO2014140479A1 (fr) 2014-09-18

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