CN105185417B - Magnetized plasma fusion ignition device - Google Patents

Magnetized plasma fusion ignition device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105185417B
CN105185417B CN201510633430.1A CN201510633430A CN105185417B CN 105185417 B CN105185417 B CN 105185417B CN 201510633430 A CN201510633430 A CN 201510633430A CN 105185417 B CN105185417 B CN 105185417B
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fusion
collision
metal sleeve
frc
implosion
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CN105185417A (en
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杨显俊
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INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10Nuclear fusion reactors

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Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetized plasma fusion ignition device and an inertial magnetic confinement fusion method. The method comprises a field-reversed configuration (FRC) forming and accelerated transmission system, a merging collision system, and an implosion and compression system. The forming and accelerated transmission system is distributed on two sides symmetrically. The merging collision system is in the middle and comprises a metal sleeve, a coil sleeving the outer side of the metal sleeve, and magnetic mirror coils on two ends. The implosion and compression system comprises the metal sleeve and electrodes, and the electrodes are connected with a pulse driving power source capacitor set. The method comprises the following steps: by means of FRTP technology, initial FRC plasmas are formed and head-to-head collision is induced; in the space, the plasmas are merged into high-temperature high-density magnetized plasma targets with higher density and temperature than a single FRC plasma before collision; and the external pulse driving power source discharges to drive implosion in a solid sleeve to conduct quasi-adiabatic compression of the high-temperature high-density magnetized plasma targets, so that the temperature and density of the plasma targets rise to meet fusion ignition conditions.

Description

Magnetized plasma fusion igniter
Technical field
The present invention relates to high temperature magnetizes the core technology part of plasma fusion energy reactor, high temperature magnetization plasma Body fusion energy resource reactor applications inertia magnetic confinement fusion principle, using the deuterium (D) and tritium (T) of certain score in container as original Material, by way of inertial confinement and magnetic confinement mixing application, realizes thermonuclear reaction igniting, burns and discharge nuclear fusion energy, So as to outwardly user transfers out the facility of electric energy.
Background technology
It is well known that it is that the mankind solve energy problem to convey electric energy by thermonuclear fusion, the final of sustainable development is realized Solution.Magnetic confinement fusion (MFE) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) belong to two traditional big fusion Research approach, and this is two big Approach at present achieved with very big progress, but while the two that facility is faced on how realizing business-like problem is huge, colored Take long serious challenge of high and R&D cycle.
In recent years, other economic small-sized fusion way explorations are in the ascendant, wherein most representational for U.S. Tri The C-2 equipment series of Alpha Energy energy companies, the device using plasma group collision and fusion technology produces stable state Anti- field configuration (FRC), and the method heated using applying rotating magnetic field and neutral beam improves FRC stability and life-span.The technology Although the FRC that scheme is produced has preferable plasma stability and longer life-span, but its density is relatively low, it is impossible in meeting Detonation pressure contracting magnetized plasma fusion reaction plasma target parameter request.(H.Y.Guo,M.W.Binderbauer, D.Barnes, et al.Phys.Plasmas 18,056110 (2011), M.Tuszewski, A.Smirnov, M.C.Thompson, Phys.Rev.Lett.108,255008 (2012), M.M.Waldrop, Nature 511,398 (2014))
Another representational device is filled for the FRX-L series of U.S. Los Alamos National Laboratory Put, the device forms dynamic anti-field configuration using the method for theta discharge technologies and compressed magnetic flux, its have higher grade from Daughter density, but its less stable, and the life-span of anti-field configuration is relatively low, it is impossible to implosion compression is met to magnetizing plasma The requirement of body target lifetime.(J.H.Degnan,D.J.Amdahl,M.Domonkos,et al,24th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference(2012))。
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of magnetized plasma fusion facility inertia magnetic confinement fusion side Method, the PLASMA FOIL that the technical method is produced has preferable plasma stability and longer life, while having higher Density.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of magnetized plasma fusion igniter, it includes The formation of anti-field configuration plasmoid and acceleration Transmission system, also including the collision and fusion system and interior detonation pressure of PLASMA FOIL Compression system, the formation and acceleration Transmission system are symmetrically distributed in the both sides of the collision and fusion system and implosion compressibility; The collision and fusion system is located at the central authorities of whole device, including:Metal sleeve, the metal sleeve outside are arranged with electric connection Theta coils and be provided with the magnetic mirror coil of electric connection at the metal sleeve two ends;The implosion compressibility includes:Institute Metal sleeve and electrode are stated, one chamber in two ends and composition of the electrode connection metal sleeve is also associated with pulse in the electrode Driving power source capacitor bank.
Further, the theta coils of the collision and fusion system are arranged with centerline axis parallel, the material of the theta coils Expect for Nb3Sn, NbTi superconducting conductor or anaerobic copper conductor.
Further, the material of the metal sleeve is gold, aluminium, tungsten or copper.
Further, the formation and acceleration Transmission system include:It is arranged on the outside of quartz sleeve, quartz sleeve
Theta coils, one end of the collision and fusion system and implosion compressibility is provided with magnetic mirror line
Circle, capacitor power and DT inflation systems, the capacitor power is electrically connected at the theta coils and magnetic
On mirror coil, the DT inflation systems are connected in the quartz sleeve.
Further, the quartz sleeve is cylindricality or taper.
Another kind of technical scheme is:A kind of magnetized plasma fusion igniter realizes inertia magnetic confinement fusion side Method, comprises the following steps:
A. it is passed through in neutral deuterium tritium gas into the formation of FRC plasmoids and acceleration Transmission system, is embedded in additional magnetic , the method for scaling electricity using theta coils is produced neutral gas ionization, then forms magnetic field configuration, shape by reversing the current Into the initial anti-field configuration plasmoid of two symmetrical opposite high speeds;
B. the two FRC plasmoids for being formed step A using magnetic pressure or Lorentz force accelerate to transmit, and converge to one In individual collision and fusion region, externally-applied magnetic field carries out compressed magnetic flux, two high speed FRC plasmas to two FRC plasmoids Extruding is initially axially shunk when crashing by group, merges to form temperature, density by the initial FRC plasmoids of Magnetic Reconnection Processes two The higher PLASMA FOIL group with the closure magnetic line of force;
C. the high temperature and highly dense PLASMA FOIL for obtaining to step B carries out implosion compression, and pulsed drive power source discharges, Under the driving of metal sleeve outer surface driving current, the Lorentz force radially compressed, implosion compression solid metallic sheath are produced Cylinder;
D. before the complete collision and fusion of the highly dense magnetized plasma target of high temperature is formed, pulse driving power electric discharge, in metal Sleeve surface driving axial electric current produces power implosion compression solid metal sleeve, and solid liner is compressed, and solid liner is through adding After speed, inertia phase, compression process reaches stagnation state, subsequently outwards bounce-back, and the DT targets inside plasmoid reach igniting There is thermonuclear fusion reaction in state, system.
Further, 10~20MJ of the pulsed drive power source, 10~20MA of driving current during electric discharge.
Further, in step A, magnetic field is climbed to sense in 2T, gas ions and is produced in anti-field configuration plasmoid coil 1MA vortex currents.
Further, magnetic field can reach maximum intensity not less than 4 teslas in the metal sleeve.
The method have technical effect that:Fusion igniter of the present invention, in the collision and fusion stage, two identical FRC plasmoids carry out magnet compression with high speed into the magnetic field produced using theta coils during collision and fusion area;Then, Two high speed FRC plasmoids are collided, axial shrinkage extruding, and by Magnetic Reconnection Processes the highly dense plasma of a high temperature is formed Target group.Target group after fusion is equally closed among the magnetic field configuration with closure magnetic line of force border, than original initial FRC targets With higher temperature and density.And with very stable plasma lifetime, disclosure satisfy that wanting for implosion compression ignition target Ask.While collision and fusion formation high temperature highly dense magnetized plasma target, pulse power supply electric discharge, in metal sleeve outer surface Strong driving of the driving current more than tens megamperes, produces the Lorentz force radially compressed, implosion compression solid metal Sleeve, when solid liner is uniformly and stably compressed to 1/10th or so of original radius, internal magnetic pressure and plasma Hot pressing is suitable with the pressure of sleeve, and compression process reaches stagnation state, subsequently outwards bounce-back.At this moment DT targets inside plasma Reach fired state, system occurs thermonuclear fusion reaction, the thermonuclear neutron discharged by fusion reaction by with covering phase interaction With breeding tritium and transferring thermal energy to energy conversing circuits, the energy output of commercialization is finally discharged.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of magnetized plasma fusion igniter of the present invention.
Wherein, 1- forms and accelerates Transmission system;2-theta coils;3- magnetic mirror coils;4- quartz sleeves;5-DT is inflated System;6- capacitor powers;The collision and fusion system of 7- PLASMA FOILs and the implosion compressibility of PLASMA FOIL;8- magnetic Mirror coil;9-theta coils;10- DC power systems;11- chambers;12- metal sleeves;13- electrodes;14- pulsed drive work( Rate source.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the invention will be further described with specific embodiment, so that those skilled in the art can be with It is better understood from the present invention and can be practiced, but illustrated embodiment is not as a limitation of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, being magnetized plasma fusion igniter of the present invention, all parts of the device are positioned over vacuum Under state, it includes the formation of anti-field configuration plasmoid and accelerates Transmission system 1, and it is also including the collision of PLASMA FOIL The implosion compressibility 7 of emerging system and PLASMA FOIL, forms and accelerates Transmission system 1 to be symmetrically distributed in collision and fusion system And the both sides of the implosion compressibility 7;Collision and fusion system includes:Metal sleeve 12, the outside of metal sleeve 12 are arranged with The theta coils 9 of electric connection and it is provided with the magnetic mirror coil 8 of electric connection at the two ends of metal sleeve 12;Implosion compression system System includes:Metal sleeve 12 and electrode 13, one vacuum chamber 11 in two ends and composition of the connection metal sleeve of electrode 13, at this Electrode 13 is also electrically connected with pulsed drive power source 14.Wherein;The formation of FRC plasmoids and acceleration Transmission system 1, it is main Want function be formed using anti-field theta constriction technologies (FRTP) have primary anti-field configuration (FRC) etc. of the closure magnetic line of force from Daughter group, its plasma temperature (electron temperature adds ion temperature) is 200-350eV, and density is not less than 1 × 1015cm-3;By Magnetic field gradient or external coil by FRC plasmoids accelerate and be sent to device centre collision and fusion area, this speed is big About in Alfven velocity magnitude~10cm/ μ s, therefore it carries very high momentum.
In the present embodiment, the two ends of fusion igniter of the present invention are for the formation and acceleration transmission of FRC plasmoids System 1, is symmetrically oppositely arranged, including quartz sleeve 1, theta coils 2, magnetic mirror coil 3 and capacitor power, deuterium tritium DT inflation systems 5.Wherein, each single FRC forms and accelerates the long 200cm of quartz sleeve 1 of Transmission system, and interior diameter is 18cm, and thickness is 1 ~1.5cm, one end is connected with collision and fusion system.Theta coils 2 are in the outer one end of quartz sleeve 1 totally 10 circle, spread length 150cm, with the open end of quartz sleeve 1 the first circle coil interior diameter 22.5cm is played, and theta coils 2 are with the range of one 4~15 degree Inclination angle arrangement, the inclination angle refer to coil arrange and device central axis between angle.Line with the arrangement of certain inclination angle Circle can produce magnetic field gradient when meaning theta pinch discharges, and the magnetic field gradient can produce axial Lorentz force action in FRC Plasmoid.Quartz sleeve 1 is connected with a set of magnetic mirror coil in the one end away from collision and fusion system and implosion compressibility 3, the placement location of magnetic mirror coil 3 and theta coils 2 at intervals of 5~10cm, its interior diameter 25cm.Capacitor power system bag Include bias-field capacitor bank, preionization capacitor bank and main discharge capacitor bank;Wherein, bias-field capacitor bank charging voltage is not Less than 10kV;It is 60kV capacitor banks that preionization power supply is charging voltage;Home court power supply group is positive and negative no less than 2 groups of charging voltages 60kV, 220 μ F capacitors groups composition;Magnetic mirror field ionization source is not less than 10kV capacitor banks for charging voltage.DT inflation systems 5 are placed In the open end of quartz sleeve 1.The basic function of the systemic effect and it act as:Pour deuterium tritium in experiment quartz sleeve 1 first (DT) gas.With reference to magnetic mirror coil 3, theta coils 2 discharge and the anti-field configuration with the closure magnetic line of force are generated in quartz sleeve Plasmoid.The theta coils of oblique arrangement can produce non-uniform magnetic-field, the anti-field of magnetic pressure gradient advanced in quartz sleeve Configuration plasmoid reaches A Er component velocity magnitudes, about 10cm/ μ s magnitudes.Passed by quartz sleeve FRC plasmoids It is defeated to collision and fusion area.
The mid portion of fusion igniter of the present invention is the collision and fusion system and PLASMA FOIL of PLASMA FOIL Implosion compressibility.The acting as of collision and fusion system carries out compressed magnetic flux, initial to the FRC plasmoids of initial rapid The temperature and the tool of density of the formation Xin Genggao after collision and fusion is shunk and is captured in high speed FRC collision and fusion and in the axial direction extruding There is the magnetized plasma target group of the closure magnetic line of force, its temperature is not less than 10 in 400~550eV scopes, density17cm-3, the life-span In more than 20 μ s.
The collision and fusion area of FRC targets and implosion compressional zone are spatially overlapped.Collision and fusion system:Metal sleeve 12, should The outside of metal sleeve 12 is arranged with the theta coils 2 of electric connection and is provided with the magnetic of electric connection at the two ends of metal sleeve 2 Mirror coil 8, and DC power system.The a diameter of 10cm of chamber 11 that metal sleeve 12 and dish-type electrode 13 are constituted, length is about 50cm, metal material can be gold, aluminium, tungsten and copper etc..The system has two sets of magnetic mirror coils 8, respectively positioned at collision and fusion chamber Outside two ends, the 15~25cm of interior diameter of magnetic mirror coil 8, distance is in 5~10cm between dish-type electrode 13.The theta lines of the system Totally 6 circle of circle 9, long 50cm altogether, coil is axially horizontally arranged, and the optional Nb3Sn or NbTi superconducting conductors of coil method and oxygen-free copper are led Body.DC power system includes the dc source of magnetic mirror coil 8 and theta coil dc sources, it is ensured that magnetic field in metal sleeve 12 Maximum intensity be can reach not less than 4 teslas.
The major function of target collision and fusion system and it act as:First in two opposite identical FRC plasmas Body group carries out compressed magnetic flux with high speed into the magnetic field produced using theta coils 9 during collision and fusion area.Then, two high speed FRC Plasmoid is collided, axial shrinkage extruding, and by Magnetic Reconnection Processes the highly dense PLASMA FOIL group of a high temperature is formed.Except Embedded magnetic field metal sleeve can also suppress the plasmoid of collision and fusion to expand simultaneously.Target group after fusion is equally closed in Among magnetic field configuration with closure magnetic line of force border, there is higher temperature and density than original initial FRC targets.And this etc. Gas ions target has the very long life-span, disclosure satisfy that the requirement of implosion compression ignition target.
Implosion compressibility includes:Metal sleeve 12 and electrode 13, the two ends of the connection metal sleeve 12 of electrode 13 and structure Into a vacuum chamber 11, in the electrode 13 capacitor bank of pulsed drive power source 14 is also electrically connected with.Its major function:It is logical Cross electromagnetic pulse and drive solid liner, the highly dense magnetized plasma target group of high temperature formed after radial compression collision and fusion will be solid The kinetic energy of body metal sleeve 12 is converted to the interior energy of the highly dense magnetized plasma target group of high temperature, so that DT PLASMA FOILs group Temperature-density constantly raise with the process of implosion, until reaching fusion ignition condition.Final plasma parameter is:BR >40T cm, T>The product of 4.4keV, density and confinement time.
Implosion compressibility is mainly made up of solid metal sleeve 12, dish-type electrode 13 and pulsed drive power source.Collision Emerging system and implosion compressibility share metal sleeve 12, and the two ends of metal sleeve 12 are connected with dish-type electrode, pulsed drive work( 10~20MJ of rate source, 10~20MA of maximum drive current.Solid metal sleeve is in the highly dense magnetized plasma target of compression high temperature During magnetic field in PLASMA FOIL is amplified due to the magnetic flux conservation of broad sense by compression due to the freezing effect in magnetic field, About 10 times of radial compression ratio, makes the peak magnetic field after amplification more than Pentex draws, it is possible thereby to meet Lawson While ignition condition, moreover it is possible to reach BR>The magnetized plasma ignition condition of 40T cm.
The running of implosion compressibility is:While collision and fusion formation high temperature highly dense magnetized plasma target, Pulse driving power discharges, and drives more than tens megamperes of driving current strongly in metal sleeve outer surface, produces radially The Lorentz force of compression, implosion compression solid metal sleeve 12, when solid metal sleeve 12 is uniformly and stably compressed to originally Radius 1/10th or so when, through accelerating, after inertia phase, compression process reaches stagnation state to solid liner, then to Outer bounce-back.At this moment internal DT PLASMA FOILs reach fired state, and system occurs thermonuclear fusion reaction, is discharged by fusion reaction The thermonuclear neutron for going out breeds tritium and transfers thermal energy to energy conversing circuits by interacting with covering, finally discharges business Energy is exported.
The method have technical effect that:The collision and fusion stage:Density is more than any one the FRC target before collision and fusion Density, also greater than the temperature of any one the FRC target before collision and fusion, what is formed new is enclosed in field bit to temperature The existence time of the plasmoid in type is much bigger compared with FRX-L equipment series, but than a little magnitude of C-2 equipment series Left and right.
The electromagnetic implosion compression ignition stage:Product BR of magnetic field and radius >=40Tcm, temperature T >=4.4keV, density And the product of confinement time, n τE≥1014s·cm-3
The following is fusion igniter of the present invention as follows with the technique effect parameter of prior art:
The inertia magnetic confinement fusion method and step of fusion igniter of the present invention is as follows:
The first step, initial FRC are formed and accelerate transmission:Quartz first in initial FRC is formed and accelerated Transmission system 1.82mg DT gases are respectively filled with sleeve.Magnetic mirror capacitor discharge during 50 μ s, bias-field capacitor discharge, theta during 400 μ s Coil produces about 0.13T bias magnetic fields;Preionization field capacitor set discharge during 450 μ s, produces 0.25T magnetic fields and ionized gas; Capacitance group electric discharge in home court during 475 μ s, theta coils home court electric current climbs, and the sense of current is with biasing field current conversely, in 4 μ Magnetic field is climbed to 2T and generation 1MA vortex currents is sensed in plasma in theta coils, forms anti-field configuration plasma Group, its etc. preheats plasma temperature and arrives as~250eV, and plasma density is 6.8 × 1016cm-3, plasmoid is straight Footpath about 15cm, length is about 150cm.Inclination angle is that 6 degree of theta coils produce magnetic field heterogeneous in 4 μ s by plasma Group accelerates to about 10cm/ μ s, and collision and fusion area is transferred in the symmetrical opposite initial FRC plasmas of 489 μ s two through 10 μ s Group starts collision.
Second step, FRC target collision and fusions.In Preparatory work of experiment, i.e., before initial FRC system discharges, in collision and fusion system Direct current power discharge, theta coils produce uniform magnetic field about 4Tesla;Magnetic mirror coil combines uniform magnetic field and forms magnetic-mirror field.When When at a high speed initial FRC enters collision and fusion area, externally-applied magnetic field carries out compressed magnetic flux to FRC, while opening when two FRC crash at a high speed Axial compression of beginning is shunk, merged by the initial FRC plasmoids of Magnetic Reconnection Processes two to be formed temperature, density it is higher with closing Close the PLASMA FOIL group of the magnetic line of force.It is about 10cm from starting collision diameter is ultimately formed after about 5 μ s, length is 50cm's Plasmoid with the closure magnetic line of force, its plasma temperature is 450eV, and density is 5.2 × 1017cm-3.Collision and fusion The FRC targets of formation are captured in metal sleeve by magnetic-mirror field.
The highly dense magnetized plasma target implosion compression of 3rd step, high temperature.In 491 μ s, i.e. the highly dense magnetization plasma of high temperature The complete collision and fusion of body target forms front 3 μ s, Z constriction pulsed drives power source electric discharge, in metal sleeve surface drive axial current The radially uniform compressed metal sleeve of Lorentz force is produced, plasma target carries out quasi-adiabatic compression, and maximum drive current is 15MA.Metal sleeve is stagnated after 20 μ s, converts kinetic energy into plasma heat energy, and PLASMA FOIL footpath is about 1.0cm, its Peak field intensity is~10MG (megagauss), and plasma temperature is~8keV, and plasma density is~8 × 1019cm-3, energy confinement time is about 0.3ms, reaches fusion ignition condition.
Embodiment described above is only the preferred embodiment lifted to absolutely prove the present invention, the protection model of the present invention Enclose not limited to this.Equivalent substitute or conversion that those skilled in the art are made on the basis of the present invention, in the present invention Protection domain within.Protection scope of the present invention is defined by claims.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of magnetized plasma fusion igniter, it includes the formation of FRC targets and accelerates Transmission system, its feature to exist In it also includes the implosion compressibility of the collision and fusion system of FRC targets and FRC targets, the formation and acceleration Transmission system It is symmetrically distributed in the both sides of the collision and fusion system and the implosion compressibility;The collision and fusion system includes:Metal Sleeve, the metal sleeve outside are arranged with the theta coils of electric connection and are provided with electric connection at the metal sleeve two ends Magnetic mirror coil;The implosion compression system includes:The metal sleeve and electrode, the two ends of the electrode connection metal sleeve and structure Into a chamber, in the electrode pulsed drive power source capacitor bank is also electrically connected with.
2. magnetized plasma fusion igniter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the collision and fusion system Theta coils and centerline axis parallel arrange, the material of the theta coils is Nb3Sn, NbTi superconducting conductor or oxygen-free copper are led Body.
3. magnetized plasma fusion igniter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of the metal sleeve Matter is gold, aluminium, tungsten or copper.
4. magnetized plasma fusion igniter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the formation and accelerate to pass Defeated system includes:Theta coils, magnetic mirror coil, the capacitor power of two ends setting being arranged on the outside of quartz sleeve, quartz sleeve And DT inflation systems, the capacitor power is electrically connected on the theta coils and magnetic mirror coil, the DT inflation systems connection In the quartz sleeve.
5. magnetized plasma fusion igniter according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the quartz sleeve is post Shape or taper.
CN201510633430.1A 2015-09-29 2015-09-29 Magnetized plasma fusion ignition device Expired - Fee Related CN105185417B (en)

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