CN105184746A - Histogram equalization-based color image enhanced treatment method - Google Patents
Histogram equalization-based color image enhanced treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a histogram equalization-based color image enhanced treatment method. The method comprises the steps of inputting an original image, converting the original image in a color space YCbCr, conducting the threshold segmentation for a component Y, equalizing the local histogram of the component Y, establishing a color-cast coordinate system, judging the magnitude of f(Cb, Cr), equalizing the histogram of the component f(Cb, Cr), and outputting an image. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the histogram equalization is conducted both on he brightness in the color space YCbCr, and on the distance f(Cb, Cr) between a pixel point and an original point in the color-cast coordinate system. Compared with existing other image enhanced treatment methods, not only the brightness contrast is improved, but also the chromaticity contrast is improved at the same time. The above method is simple and efficient, thus being applicable to the image processing process of portable display devices. Meanwhile, the method is faster in running speed and can be applied to the video processing process of a real-time system. Finally, the method is easy in hardware realization and can be conveniently integrated with a specific integrated image processing chip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the image processing techniques of coloured image (ColorImage), be specifically related to a kind of color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization, belong to digital image processing field.
Background technology
At image procossing and computer vision field, image processing techniques improves picture quality, reaches the gordian technique of optimum image display effect.The enhancing technology of image be one by large quantity research, and still need the important directions of research further.
The object of image enhaucament strengthens the useful information in image, improve the visual effect of image, for the application scenario of Given Graph picture, on purpose emphasize entirety or the local characteristics of image, original unsharp image is become clear or emphasizes some interested feature, difference in expanded view picture between different objects feature, improves picture quality, abundant information amount, strengthens image interpretation and recognition effect.Widely, the image such as obtained under low lighting conditions, directly when screen display, effect is poor, even can produce image fault for the range of application of image enhaucament.So before original image shows on screen, need through certain contrast enhancement processing.
Common color space has, RGB, YUV/YCbCr, HSV/HSI/HSL etc.Rgb color pattern is a kind of color standard of industry member, by obtaining color miscellaneous to the change of red (R), green (G), blue (B) three Color Channels and their superpositions each other, be use one of the widest color system at present, shortcoming is that this space does not directly comprise the information such as tone, colourity.The image that YCbCr/YUV can be applied to film usually processes continuously, or in digital photographic systems, Y is brightness (luma) composition of color, Cb and Cr is then blue and red concentration excursion amount composition.The major advantage of its color space is that its brightness signal Y is separated with carrier chrominance signal Cb, Cr, if only have Y-signal component and do not have Cb, Cr component, the image represented so is like this exactly black and white gray level image.Shortcoming also there is no direct hue information.HSV/HSI/HSL space reflects the mode of the visual system perceives color of people, carrys out aware colors with tone, saturation degree and intensity three kinds of essential characteristic amounts.Tone H (Hue) is relevant to the wavelength of light wave, and it represents that the sense organ of people is to the impression of different colours, as red, green, blue etc.Saturation degree S (Saturation) represents the purity of color, and saturation degree is larger, and color seems will be more bright-coloured, and vice versa.The corresponding brightness of image of brightness V/I/L and gradation of image are the light levels of color.The foundation of HSI model is based on two important facts: the chromatic information of luminance component and image has nothing to do; The mode that H with S component and people experience color is closely connected, and these features make HSV/I/L model very be applicable to color characteristics detecting and analysis.But HSV/I/L cannot be applied directly in image system.
The method that coloured image contrast strengthen is general keeps tone H constant, carries out modal grayscale image enhancement method to monochrome information V/I/L---histogram equalization (HistogramEqualization)." central idea " of histogram equalization process is that the grey level histogram of original image is become being uniformly distributed in whole tonal range between certain gray area of relatively concentrating, histogram equalization carries out Nonlinear extension to image exactly, redistribute image pixel value, make the pixel quantity in certain tonal range roughly the same, the histogram distribution of Given Graph picture is changed over histogram " evenly " distribution.This sampled images can reach the contrast strengthen in brightness, but lacks the contrast strengthen in colourity.
In view of the above, provide one can strengthen brightness of image at separated space, the image processing method that the contrast of image chroma strengthens is necessary simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization, the contrast strengthen in brightness can be reached for solving image enhaucament in prior art, but lack the problem of the contrast strengthen in colourity.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization, the treating method comprises step:
Step 1), original image is transformed into YCbCr color space, obtains the luminance Y component of each pixel in original image, chroma blue Cb component and red color Cr component;
Step 2), the histogram in statistics luminance Y component direction, and Threshold segmentation is carried out to described histogram;
Step 3), based on Threshold segmentation point, local histogram equalization is carried out to the histogram in Y-component direction;
Step 4), set up colour cast coordinate system, the horizontal ordinate of described colour cast coordinate system is Cb-A, and ordinate is Cr-B, as Cb=A and Cr=B time, make the value of R, G, B in the rgb value corresponding to pixel equal;
Step 5), provide a predetermined threshold value, statistical pixel point to the histogram of the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point, and to the histogram part that f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, carries out histogram equalization;
Step 6), all pixels are transformed into required color space from YCbCr color space, obtain new image.
As a kind of preferred version of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, step 2) threshold segmentation method adopt high brightness to keep algorithm, Threshold segmentation point x is determined by following formula:
Wherein, xmin and xmax is respectively minimum value and the maximal value of gray-scale value, and xmid is the intermediate value of all gray-scale values.
As a kind of preferred version of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, step 3) method of local histogram equalization that adopts is: according to image histogram, n section [X will be divided between gray area
1, Y
1], [X
2, Y
2] ... [X
n, Y
n], the corresponding relation between pixel is:
Wherein, m is X
kthe interval sequence number at place, m, n are integer and m≤n.
As a kind of preferred version of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, step 4) in, as Cb=128 and Cr=128 time, in rgb value corresponding to pixel, the value of R, G, B is equal, this pixel, without colour cast, only comprises half-tone information, therefore the horizontal ordinate adopting colour cast coordinate system is Cb-128, ordinate is Cr-128, makes the initial point of described colour cast coordinate system without colour cast.
Further, step 5) in, pixel to the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point by formula
Determine.
As a kind of preferred version of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, step 5) method of histogram equalization that adopts is: according to image histogram, n section [X will be divided between gray area
1, Y
1], [X
2, Y
2] ... [X
n, Y
n], the corresponding relation between pixel is:
Wherein, m is X
kthe interval sequence number at place, m, n are integer and m≤n.
As a kind of preferred version of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, step 6) in the pixel method that is transformed into required color space from YCbCr color space be: if f (Cb, Cr) is not more than predetermined threshold value, then Y, Cb, Cr are constant; If f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, then Y is mapped to new value, and keep tone constant, Cb and Cr is mapped to new value.
As a kind of preferred version of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, the span of described predetermined threshold value is 5-10.
As mentioned above, color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: the present invention can by respectively carrying out histogram equalization to pixel to initial point distance f (Cb, Cr) to brightness and in colour cast coordinate system at YCbCr color space.Compared with other image enhancement processing methods existing, the contrast that the present invention not only can highlight, also can strengthen the contrast in colourity; Image enhancement processing method of the present invention is simply efficient, is applicable to the image procossing being applied to portable display device; And travelling speed is very fast, can be applied to the Video processing of real-time system; Last the present invention is also easy to Hardware, is convenient to be integrated in the middle of special integrated image process chip.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the schematic diagram of the colour cast coordinate system of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, and wherein, the horizontal ordinate of this colour cast coordinate system is Cb-128, and ordinate is Cr-128.
Fig. 2 is shown as in the colour cast coordinate system of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention, the relation schematic diagram of tone and Y & & f (Cb, Cr) in different angles α situation.
Fig. 3 is shown as the steps flow chart schematic diagram of the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific instantiation, embodiments of the present invention are described, those skilled in the art the content disclosed by this instructions can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by embodiments different in addition, and the every details in this instructions also can based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modification or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Refer to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3.It should be noted that, the diagram provided in the present embodiment only illustrates basic conception of the present invention in a schematic way, then only the assembly relevant with the present invention is shown in diagram but not component count, shape and size when implementing according to reality is drawn, it is actual when implementing, and the kenel of each assembly, quantity and ratio can be a kind of change arbitrarily, and its assembly layout kenel also may be more complicated.
As shown in FIG. 1 to 3, the present embodiment provides a kind of color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization, the treating method comprises step:
As shown in Figure 1, first carry out step 1), original image is transformed into YCbCr color space (generally more common image space is as rgb color space), obtains the luminance Y component of each pixel in original image, chroma blue Cb component and red color Cr component.
As shown in Figure 1, then carry out step 2), the histogram in statistics luminance Y component direction, and Threshold segmentation is carried out to described histogram.
In the present embodiment, described threshold segmentation method adopts high brightness to keep (brightness-preserving) algorithm, and Threshold segmentation point x is determined by following formula:
Wherein, xmin and xmax is respectively minimum value and the maximal value of gray-scale value, and xmid is the intermediate value of all gray-scale values.
As shown in Figure 1, then carry out step 3), based on Threshold segmentation point, local histogram equalization is carried out to the histogram in Y-component direction.
In the present embodiment, the method for the local histogram equalization adopted is: according to image histogram, will be divided into n section [X between gray area
1, Y
1], [X
2, Y
2] ... [X
n, Y
n], the value upper limit between n≤gray area, then: the corresponding relation between pixel is:
Wherein, m is X
kthe interval sequence number at place, m, n are integer and m≤n.
As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 3 h, then carry out step 4), set up colour cast coordinate system, the horizontal ordinate of described colour cast coordinate system is Cb-A, and ordinate is Cr-B, as Cb=A and Cr=B time, make the value of R, G, B in the rgb value corresponding to pixel equal.
In the present embodiment, as Cb=128 and Cr=128 time, rgb value corresponding to pixel, R=G=B, this pixel is without colour cast, only comprise half-tone information, based on this, the horizontal ordinate of the colour cast coordinate system that the present embodiment is set up is selected as Cb-128, and ordinate is selected as Cr-128, the initial point of described colour cast coordinate system can be made without colour cast, as shown in Figure 2.
In described colour cast coordinate system, α is the angle between pixel and initial point between straight line and positive abscissa axis, and f (Cb, Cr) is the distance between pixel to initial point.
In the present embodiment, pixel to the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point by formula
determine.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the relation between angle [alpha] and tone Hue is given, as shown in Fig. 3 a ~ Fig. 3 h.Fig. 3 a ~ Fig. 3 h gives when Y and f (Cb, Cr) changes, the relation between tone and α.Wherein, the horizontal ordinate in Fig. 3 a ~ Fig. 3 h is in colour cast coordinate system, and pixel is to the distance of initial point, and Y value is 15,47,79,111,143,175,207,239 totally 8 kinds of situations, the point therefore in the corresponding 8 kinds of different Y situations of each horizontal ordinate.As seen from the figure, when in colour cast coordinate system, certain is a bit greater than a predetermined threshold value T0 with initial point distance f (Cb, Cr), tone Hue and the Y of its correspondence and the correlativity of f (Cb, Cr) just very little, tone Hue is almost determined by α.
Described predetermined threshold value T0 is chosen as the numeral that is greater than 5, too little, and tone Hue also can change along with Y and f (Cb, Cr); Too large, using histogram equalization to carry out the effect of contrast strengthen then can be not obvious.Therefore, in this present embodiment, the value of described predetermined threshold value T0 is chosen as between 5-10.Particularly, the value of the predetermined threshold value T0 that the present embodiment is got is 10, thus concerning certain a bit, when f (Cb, Cr) is less than 10, we do not change any information; When f (Cb, Cr) is greater than 10, we process it, as long as keep the ratio of Cr-128 and Cb-128 constant, tone just can be kept constant.
As shown in Figure 1, then carry out step 5), statistical pixel point to the histogram of the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point, and to the histogram part that f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, carries out histogram equalization;
Exemplarily, the method for the histogram equalization of this step employing is: according to image histogram, will be divided into n section [X between gray area
1, Y
1], [X
2, Y
2] ... [X
n, Y
n], the value upper limit between n≤gray area, then: the corresponding relation between pixel is:
Wherein, m is X
kthe interval sequence number at place, m, n are integer and m≤n.
As shown in Figure 1, finally carry out step 6), all pixels are transformed into required color space from YCbCr color space, obtain new image.
Exemplarily, the pixel of the present embodiment is transformed into from YCbCr color space the method that required color space adopts and is: if f (Cb, Cr) is not more than predetermined threshold value, then Y, Cb, Cr are constant; If f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, then Y is mapped to new value, and keep tone constant, Cb and Cr is mapped to new value.
As mentioned above, the invention provides a kind of color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization, the treating method comprises step: step 1), original image is transformed into YCbCr color space, obtains the luminance Y component of each pixel in original image, chroma blue Cb component and red color Cr component; Step 2), the histogram in statistics luminance Y component direction, and Threshold segmentation is carried out to described histogram; Step 3), based on Threshold segmentation point, local histogram equalization is carried out to the histogram in Y-component direction; Step 4), set up colour cast coordinate system, the horizontal ordinate of described colour cast coordinate system is Cb-A, and ordinate is Cr-B, as Cb=A and Cr=B time, make the value of R, G, B in the rgb value corresponding to pixel equal; Step 5), statistical pixel point to the histogram of the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point, and to the histogram part that f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, carries out histogram equalization; Step 6), all pixels are transformed into required color space from YCbCr color space, obtain new image.The present invention can by respectively carrying out histogram equalization to pixel to initial point distance f (Cb, Cr) to brightness and in colour cast coordinate system at YCbCr color space.Compared with other image enhancement processing methods existing, the contrast that the present invention not only can highlight, also can strengthen the contrast in colourity; Image enhancement processing method of the present invention is simply efficient, is applicable to the image procossing being applied to portable display device; And travelling speed is very fast, can be applied to the Video processing of real-time system; Last the present invention is also easy to Hardware, is convenient to be integrated in the middle of special integrated image process chip.So the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming of the prior art and tool high industrial utilization.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1., based on a color image enhancement disposal route for histogram equalization, it is characterized in that, the treating method comprises:
Step 1), original image is transformed into YCbCr color space, obtains the luminance Y component of each pixel in original image, chroma blue Cb component and red color Cr component;
Step 2), the histogram in statistics luminance Y component direction, and Threshold segmentation is carried out to described histogram;
Step 3), based on Threshold segmentation point, local histogram equalization is carried out to the histogram in Y-component direction;
Step 4), set up colour cast coordinate system, the horizontal ordinate of described colour cast coordinate system is Cb-A, and ordinate is Cr-B, as Cb=A and Cr=B time, make the value of R, G, B in the rgb value corresponding to pixel equal;
Step 5), provide a predetermined threshold value, statistical pixel point to the histogram of the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point, and to the histogram part that f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, carries out histogram equalization;
Step 6), all pixels are transformed into required color space from YCbCr color space, obtain new image.
2. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2) threshold segmentation method adopt high brightness keep algorithm, Threshold segmentation point x is determined by following formula:
Wherein, xmin and xmax is respectively minimum value and the maximal value of gray-scale value, and xmid is the intermediate value of all gray-scale values.
3. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 3) method of local histogram equalization that adopts is: according to image histogram, n section [X will be divided between gray area
1, Y
1], [X
2, Y
2] ... [X
n, Y
n], the corresponding relation between pixel is:
Wherein, m is X
kthe interval sequence number at place, m, n are integer and m≤n.
4. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 4) in, as Cb=128 and Cr=128 time, in rgb value corresponding to pixel, the value of R, G, B is equal, this pixel, without colour cast, only comprises half-tone information, therefore the horizontal ordinate adopting colour cast coordinate system is Cb-128, ordinate is Cr-128, makes the initial point of described colour cast coordinate system without colour cast.
5. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 4, is characterized in that: step 5) in, pixel to the distance f (Cb, Cr) of initial point by formula
determine.
6. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 5) method of histogram equalization that adopts is: according to image histogram, n section [X will be divided between gray area
1, Y
1], [X
2, Y
2] ... [X
n, Y
n], the corresponding relation between pixel is:
Wherein, m is X
kthe interval sequence number at place, m, n are integer and m≤n.
7. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 6) in the pixel method that is transformed into required color space from YCbCr color space be: if f (Cb, Cr) predetermined threshold value is not more than, then Y, Cb, Cr are constant; If f (Cb, Cr) is greater than predetermined threshold value, then Y is mapped to new value, and keep tone constant, Cb and Cr is mapped to new value.
8. the color image enhancement disposal route based on histogram equalization according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the span of described predetermined threshold value is 5-10.
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