CN105183405B - A kind of 3D printing method of self-definition model surface hollow-out - Google Patents
A kind of 3D printing method of self-definition model surface hollow-out Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out, including customized threedimensional model is normalized and handled with gridding, calculate the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model；The seed of initialization threedimensional model is counted out, according to the distribution of the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model, the seed point being laid out on threedimensional model；The Voronoi divisions of seed point in three dimensions are calculated, and friendship is asked with threedimensional model, obtain limited Voronoi diagram RVD set；Whether the displacement quadratic sum for calculating all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so, then entering in next step；Otherwise, the seed point location on threedimensional model is optimized using the method for Lloyd iteration, and returns to previous step；Generate corresponding threedimensional model file；The threedimensional model file of generation is inputted into 3D printer, and customized threedimensional model is printed by 3D printer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the geometrical model towards 3D printing to customize field, more particularly to one kind is based on self-definition model surface
The 3D printing method of hollow out.
Background technology
In recent years, 3D printing technique was quickly grown, with the increase of the optional scope of 3D printing moulding material, formed precision with
The raising of speed, the reduction of various kinds of equipment price, it has begun to be widely used in medical treatment, aviation, amusement and fashion etc. respectively
Individual field, or even gradually penetrate into the life of ordinary people.
3D printing is a kind of emerging technology of rapid shaping field, and it is a kind of based on mathematical model file, is utilized
It is various can jointing material pass through successively stacked system construct threedimensional model technology.3D printing has substantially compared with traditional manufacture
The advantages of, 3D printing can directly manufacture almost arbitrary shape 3D solid based on mathematical model file, rather than tradition
Mechanical manufacturing technology manufacturing process is completed by the technique or mould etc. such as cut or drill.This technology is not only able to shorten production
The lead time of product also has in material consumption, environmental protection etc. significantly excellent so as to improve productivity ratio and reduce cost
Gesture.
The input model of 3D printing is generally from two aspects, and obtained number is rebuild first, being scanned for real world object
Word model, second, creating the model of editor by designer.The former usually requires the standing professional equipment of not domestic consumer, then
Person usually requires the software for editing created using the model of specialty, and the operation of these softwares is extremely complex and learning cost is very high,
Nor domestic consumer will appreciate that.Therefore, for domestic consumer, there is an urgent need to a large amount of threedimensional models easy to use
Property Customization Tool, help user by a small amount of and simple parameter or natural interactive operation, you can to complete threedimensional model
Personalized customization designs.This will attract more laymans to meet the needs of personalized customization by 3D printing, so as to expand
The customer group and market scale of 3D printing technique.
In view of, there are some model customizing instruments easy to use towards 3D printing, especially at present in the reason for above
It is in terms of Jewelry Design, however, these instruments either only provide very simple stylization selection or require that user makes
With system intialization model, user can not be customized operation for the model that oneself is specified.In addition, the style for threedimensional model
It is varied to change design requirement, current instrument is not nearly enough to meet that user requires.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the shortcomings that prior art, the present invention provides a kind of 3D printing side based on self-definition model surface hollow-out
Method.The hollow out for master mould is calculated by the way that the closing threedimensional model surface of input is sampled and optimized in this method
Frame structure, this method user oriented provides an adjustable parameter, i.e. density, for controlling the fine journey of engraved structure
Degree, the level of abstraction of model, the process is entirely automatic, and user can adjust the parameter, is printed in real time using 3D printer
Go out the result of oneself satisfaction.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out, including：
Step (1)：Customized threedimensional model is normalized and handled with gridding, calculates all tops of threedimensional model
The LFS values of point；
Step (2)：The seed of initialization threedimensional model is counted out, point according to the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model
Cloth, the seed point being laid out on threedimensional model；
Step (3)：The Voronoi divisions of seed point in three dimensions are calculated, and friendship is asked with threedimensional model, are limited
Voronoi diagram RVD gathers；
Step (4)：Whether the displacement quadratic sum for calculating all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so,
Then enter in next step；Otherwise, the seed point location on threedimensional model, and return to step are optimized using the method for Lloyd iteration
(3)；
Step (5)：The line segment in RVD set after extraction step (4) processing, it is raw using each end points of line segment as the centre of sphere
Into the spheroid of pre-set radius；Using every line segment as axle, the cylinder of pre-set radius is generated, generates corresponding threedimensional model file；
Step (6)：The threedimensional model file of generation is inputted into 3D printer, and is printed and made by oneself by 3D printer
The threedimensional model of justice.
In the step (1), the process of the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model is calculated, including：
Step (1.1)：Calculate the axis of threedimensional model；All summits of threedimensional model are traveled through, each summit is calculated and arrives
The distance of the axis of threedimensional model, obtain the LFS values on each summit；
Step (1.2)：The inverse of the LFS values on each summit of threedimensional model is taken respectively, to the LFS on each summit of threedimensional model
Value is normalized.
The distribution of the LFS values on all summits of foundation threedimensional model, the seed being laid out on threedimensional model in the step (2)
The step of point, is as follows：
Step (2.1)：Initialization counter；
Step (2.2)：A point X is generated at random on threedimensional model surfacerandom；
Step (2.3)：The random number in the range of one [0,1] is chosen, by the random number size and current point Xrandom's
LFS values compare；If random number size is less than the point LFS values, receiving station Xrandom, counter adds 1, until Counter Value is equal to
Seed on the threedimensional model of initialization is counted out, and the layout process of the seed point on threedimensional model terminates；Otherwise, step is gone to
(2.2)。
The linear mapping relations of density parameter of the number and threedimensional model of seed point in the step (2).
The process of the step (3), including：
Step (3.1)：The Delaunay Triangulation of seed point is calculated, to any one in Delaunay Triangulation
Side generates middle vertical plane, and three dimensions is divided into some subspaces；
Step (3.2)：The surface mesh of the infinitepiston of subspace after division and threedimensional model is asked into friendship, asks friendship every time
Obtained line segment is added to a line of threedimensional model；Finally, threedimensional model surface is divided into some height skies by Voronoi
Between, form RVD set.
In the step (3.2), the attribute for the line segment that friendship obtains is asked to be labeled as INTERSECT.
In the step (3.2), the infinitepiston of the subspace after division and the surface mesh of threedimensional model ask friendship
During accelerated using kdTree algorithms.
The step (4) optimizes the process of the seed point location on threedimensional model using the method for Lloyd iteration, including
Step (4.1)：The center of gravity in RVD regions where calculating each seed point, and it is projected into threedimensional model surface；
Step (4.2)：When the displacement quadratic sum of all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, optimization process
Terminate；Otherwise, seed point is moved to the position of centre of gravity of corresponding steps (4.1) calculating respectively.
The step (5) also includes：In RVD set after optimization, merge any two angles and be more than default angle threshold
The adjoining line segment of value.
The storage form of threedimensional model is half of data structure in the step (1).
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) this method of the invention is sampled and optimized to arbitrary threedimensional model surface, is calculated for former mould
The hollow out frame structure of type, and then obtain a geometrical model for being used directly for 3D printing；
(2) this method user oriented provides an adjustable parameter, i.e. density, for controlling the fine of engraved structure
The level of abstraction of degree, model, by the number of initialization seed point, and then user is allowd to adjust threedimensional model hollow out knot
The density of structure, the result of oneself satisfaction is obtained in real time；
(3) model that this method obtains maintains the geometry of input model, and uses lighter frame structure, tool
There is certain artistic value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 represents M local feature size LFS distribution situation, and bright local expression is worth small；
Fig. 3 represents the schematic diagram in n seed point of M internal initializations；
Fig. 4 represents M Initial R VD signals；
Fig. 5 represents the result after the optimization of Lloyd methods；
Fig. 6 a) represent 400 seed points the abstract structure ultimately generated；
Fig. 6 b) represent 600 seed points the abstract structure ultimately generated.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
First, the 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out of the present invention is illustrated using Fig. 1, Fig. 1
For the schematic flow sheet of this method of the present invention, its step includes：
Step (1)：Customized threedimensional model is normalized and handled with gridding, calculates all tops of threedimensional model
The LFS values of point；
Step (2)：The seed of initialization threedimensional model is counted out, point according to the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model
Cloth, the seed point on M surface placements threedimensional model；
Step (3)：The Voronoi divisions of seed point in three dimensions are calculated, and friendship is asked with threedimensional model, are limited
Voronoi diagram RVD gathers；
Step (4)：Whether the displacement quadratic sum for calculating all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so,
Then enter in next step；Otherwise, the seed point location on threedimensional model, and return to step are optimized using the method for Lloyd iteration
(3)；
Step (5)：The line segment in RVD set after extraction step (4) processing, it is raw using each end points of line segment as the centre of sphere
Into the spheroid of pre-set radius；Using every line segment as axle, the cylinder of pre-set radius is generated, generates corresponding threedimensional model file；
Step (6)：The threedimensional model file of generation is inputted into 3D printer, and is printed and made by oneself by 3D printer
The threedimensional model of justice.
Next, specifically illustrated for each step in this method of the present invention：
In the present embodiment, the threedimensional model of user's input is represented using M, p represents the parameter from user's density, first
M is horizontal, vertical, ordinate is all normalized in the range of [0,1], and to M again gridding, optimize M networks.
Initialization seed point is { x1,x2,…,xn, by parameter p Linear Mappings：M surfaces can be divided into n part, if mould
Type total surface area is S, and each area lower limit is base=0.005, then is expressed as by p to n linear mapping function：
N=Sp/base
Preset frame construction unit (cylinder and ball) radius R：Bounding box is calculated, bounding box maximum span is L, then R=
0.1%L.
When user's one threedimensional model of input, using the above method, the distribution feelings of LFS values inside obtained threedimensional model
Condition, as shown in Fig. 2 in the figure, brighter place represents that LFS values are smaller.
Wherein, local feature size LFS values are described as：For manifold surface, any point x to model M axis
(medialaxis) distance is referred to as the local feature size of the point, and axis is all at least tangent with given model surface
In the center of circle set of the circle of two points.
What LFS reflected is the morphological feature of model, and for more flat relatively thin, the sharp place of model, LFS values are smaller, also need
More points are distributed to keep shape；On the contrary, feature unobvious, model circle thick portion point, LFS values are larger, are distributed less point just
Shape can be kept.
Wherein, the distribution of the LFS values on the middle all summits according to threedimensional model of step (2), the kind being laid out on threedimensional model
The step of son point, is as follows：
Step (2.1) initialization counter；
Step (2.2)：A point X is generated at random in model surfacerandom；
Step (2.3)：The random number in the range of one [0,1] is produced, by the random number size and current point XrandomIt is close
Angle value compares；If random number size is less than the density value, receiving station Xrandom, counter adds 1, until Counter Value is equal to just
Seed on the threedimensional model of beginningization is counted out, and the layout process of the seed point on threedimensional model terminates；Otherwise, step is gone to
(2.2)。
As shown in figure 3, the figure be set threedimensional model inside seed count out n=400 when, these seed points are in three-dimensional
Layout scenarios inside model.Wherein, the linear mapping relations of the density parameter of the number of seed point and threedimensional model, also
It is to say, the number of seed point is more, and the density of threedimensional model is bigger；The number of seed point is fewer, and the density of threedimensional model is smaller.
Step (3) calculates the Voronoi divisions of seed point in three dimensions, and asks friendship with threedimensional model, is limited
The process of Voronoi diagram RVD set, including：
Step (3.1)：The Delaunay Triangulation of seed point is calculated, to any one in Delaunay Triangulation
Side generates middle vertical plane, and three dimensions is divided into some subspaces；
Step (3.2)：The surface mesh of the infinitepiston of subspace after division and threedimensional model is asked into friendship, asks friendship every time
Obtained line segment is added to a line of threedimensional model；Finally, threedimensional model surface is divided into some height skies by Voronoi
Between, RVD set is formed, RVD collection is combined into { c1,c2,…,cn, as shown in Figure 4.
Divisions of the Voronoi to space meets following condition：
Ωk=x ∈ X | d (x, Pk)≤d (x, Pj)for allj≠k}
Wherein, X represents to give space；Any point in x representation spaces；Pk, PjK-th of seed point and j-th are represented respectively
Seed point；d(x,Pk) represent x to PkDistance；ΩkRepresent k-th of subspace being divided into；K, j are positive integer.
In step (3.2), the attribute for the line segment that friendship obtains is asked to be labeled as INTERSECT.It is three-dimensional due in data storage
Model is stored using half of data structure, therefore, is marked using INTERSECT attributes, is advantageous to find out RVD topology
Structure.
In step (3.2), the surface mesh of the infinitepiston of the subspace after division and threedimensional model is asked to the meter of friendship
During calculation, accelerate the speed calculated using kdTree algorithms.
Step (4) optimizes the process of the seed point location on threedimensional model using the method for Lloyd iteration, including
Step (4.1)：The center of gravity in RVD regions where calculating each seed point, and it is projected into threedimensional model surface；
Step (4.2)：When whether the displacement quadratic sum of all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, optimization
Process terminates；Otherwise, seed point is moved into the position of centre of gravity that (4.1) calculate respectively.
Wherein, the RVD set after step (4) optimization, as shown in Figure 5.
In the present embodiment, for any seed point xi, center of gravity in the RVD regions where itComputational methods be：
Wherein RiIt is certain seed point corresponding region in the part on M surfaces, i.e. its RVD unit, tkRepresent to form RiIt is a series of
Tri patch, tkInternal ρ (x) values can be obtained by interpolation.It is calculatedAfterwards, be projected into threedimensional model surface away from
The point nearest from it.
Calculate the displacement quadratic sum δ of all seed points：
When δ level off to 0 when, optimization process terminates, and otherwise usesInstead of xi。
In step (5), after being intersected due to division of the Voronoi diagram to whole space with the surface tri patch of model M
Obtained line segment quantity is big.In order to improve treatment effeciency, merge any two angles close to the adjoining line segment of 180 degree.Its is specific
Process be：
, can along the side that a certain bar attribute is INTERSECT because the storage form of threedimensional model is half of data structure
To find a connected component.The side with INTERSECT attributes forms the possible more than one of topological structure in the three-dimensional model
Connected component, the angle theta tested for any two adjacent sides between themeIf θe>The θ threshold value of setting (θ be) is by two lines
Section merges into one.It may also set up when two lines section is merged into one by cos θ ＞ 0.992.
When seed point is arranged to 400, the surface wire frame in RVD set after extraction optimization, with each end of wire frame
Point is the centre of sphere, generates the spheroid that a radius is R；Using every line segment as axle, the cylinder that a radius is R is generated, exports phase
The threedimensional model file answered, such as Fig. 6 a) shown in.
When seed point is arranged to 600, the surface wire frame in RVD set after extraction optimization, with each end of wire frame
Point is the centre of sphere, generates the spheroid that a radius is R；Using every line segment as axle, the cylinder that a radius is R is generated, exports phase
The threedimensional model file answered, such as Fig. 6 b) shown in.
Wherein, R represents producing the size of element figure (ball, cylinder), and it is the radius of ball and the bottom surface radius of cylinder,
Systemic presupposition R size.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out, it is characterised in that including：Step（1）：Customized threedimensional model is normalized and handled with gridding, calculates all summits of threedimensional model LFS values；Step（2）：The seed of initialization threedimensional model is counted out, according to the distribution of the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model, cloth Seed point on office's threedimensional model；Wherein, LFS values are local feature size size；Step（3）：The Voronoi divisions of seed point in three dimensions are calculated, and friendship is asked with threedimensional model, are limited Voronoi figure RVD set；Step（4）：Whether the displacement quadratic sum for calculating all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so, then entering Enter in next step；Otherwise, the seed point location on threedimensional model, and return to step are optimized using the method for Lloyd iteration（3）；Step（5）：Extraction step（4）The line segment in RVD set after processing, using each end points of line segment as the centre of sphere, generation is pre- If the spheroid of radius；Using every line segment as axle, the cylinder of pre-set radius is generated, generates corresponding threedimensional model file；Step（6）：The threedimensional model file of generation is inputted into 3D printer, and printed by 3D printer customized Threedimensional model.
- 2. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（1）In, the processes of the LFS values on all summits of threedimensional model is calculated, including：Step（1.1）：Calculate the axis of threedimensional model；All summits of threedimensional model are traveled through, calculate each summit to three-dimensional The distance of the axis of model, obtain the LFS values on each summit；Step（1.2）：The inverse of the LFS values on each summit of threedimensional model is taken respectively, and the LFS values on each summit of threedimensional model are entered Row normalization.
- 3. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（2）The distribution of the LFS values on middle all summits according to threedimensional model, the step of seed point on layout threedimensional model such as Under：Step（2.1）：Initialization counter；Step（2.2）：A point X is generated at random on threedimensional model surfacerandom；Step（2.3）：The random number in the range of one [0,1] is chosen, by the random number size and current point XrandomLFS values Compare；If random number size is less than the point LFS values, receiving station Xrandom, counter adds 1, until Counter Value is equal to initialization Threedimensional model on seed count out, the layout process of the seed point on threedimensional model terminates；Otherwise, step is gone to（2.2）.
- 4. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（2）The linear mapping relations of density parameter of the number and threedimensional model of middle seed point.
- 5. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（3）Process, including：Step（3.1）：The Delaunay Triangulation of seed point is calculated, any a line in Delaunay Triangulation is given birth to Some subspaces are divided into middle vertical plane, and by three dimensions；Step（3.2）：The surface mesh of the infinitepiston of subspace after division and threedimensional model is asked into friendship, asks friendship to obtain every time Line segment be added to a line of threedimensional model；Finally, threedimensional model surface is divided into some sub-spaces, shape by Voronoi Gather into RVD.
- 6. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described Step（3.2）In, ask the attribute for the line segment that friendship obtains to be labeled as INTERSECT.
- 7. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described Step（3.2）In, the infinitepiston of the subspace after division and the surface mesh of threedimensional model are asked during handing over and used KdTree algorithms are accelerated.
- 8. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（4）Optimize the process of the seed point location on threedimensional model using the method for Lloyd iteration, includingStep（4.1）：The center of gravity in RVD regions where calculating each seed point, and it is projected into threedimensional model surface；Step（4.2）：When the displacement quadratic sum of all seed points on threedimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, optimization process knot Beam；Otherwise, seed point is moved to corresponding steps respectively（4.1）The position of centre of gravity of calculating.
- 9. a kind of 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described Step（5）Also include：In RVD set after optimization, merge the adjoining line segment that any two angles are more than default angle threshold value.
- A kind of 10. 3D printing method based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute State step（1）The storage form of middle threedimensional model is half of data structure.
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| CN102438545A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-05-02 | 3形状股份有限公司 | System and method for effective planning, visualization, and optimization of dental restorations |
| CN103978690A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-13 | 山东大学 | Method for optimizing internal structure of 3D (Three-Dimensional) printed object |
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