CN105177633B - A kind of W Ni Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of W Ni Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of W Ni Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s and preparation method thereof, methods described oozes source using NaCl KCl NaF NiO molten salt system as Ni, and source is oozed to plate copper liquor as Cu；Pure W plates ooze nickel, aqueous solution electro-deposition through fused salt electro-deposition and ooze Cu, last diffusion annealing, you can obtain described W Ni Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.This material has good resistance to sudden heating and heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance, and material each several part is tightly combined, material surface compact structure, smooth, with good conduction, thermal conductivity and mechanical performance.This method is according to diffusion basic theories, using electrodeposition process, occurs counterdiffusion between W, Ni simultaneously between Ni, Cu in the presence of electric field and temperature field（Electric field can accelerate also can mutually improve the diffusion velocity of other side when multielement spreads in the diffusion of solid metallic, solid-state diffusion）, accelerating gradient layer thicken；With gradient layer formation speed is fast, preparation time is short, Thickness of Gradient Layer can be controlled arbitrarily, material surface compact structure, thermal conductivity good, the features such as technique is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of functionally gradient material (FGM) and preparation method thereof, especially a kind of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s and its preparation
Method.
Background technology
Functionally gradient material (FGM) is applied to nuclear energy as a kind of new material, biomedicine, machinery, petrochemical industry, information, civilian
And the field such as Aero-Space.The key features of functionally gradient material (FGM) are the consecutive variations by control interface composition and tissue, make two kinds
Or the different material of several performances is connected well, so as to reach the mesh for improving materials'use performance and increasing the service life
's.W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s with special construction model because having excellent characteristic, in nuclear industry, electronics industry, mechanic
Journey, Aero-Space etc. are widely applied in field.
The preparation research of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s is rarely reported both at home and abroad at present, but in the preparation side of W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s
There is certain report in face both at home and abroad.At present, the preparation method of domestic and international W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s, which mainly has, molten oozes method, powder metallurgy
Method, plasma spraying method and fused salt electrodeposition process etc..
Infiltration method prepares W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s, is by W powder（Or the W powder containing a little Cu powder）Base is pressed into, then pre-
If at a temperature of be fired into the porous W bases skeleton with certain density and intensity, finally ooze Cu in reducing atmosphere or vacuum.Using
W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s prepared by this method, thermal conductivity is low, and the distribution of pores for being primarily due to W skeletons is difficult to control, it is difficult to make
0~100% proper functionally gradient material (FGM), cause when oozing Cu, Cu distributed mutuallies are uneven, easily closed pore occur in W bases, it is impossible to complete
Fill up space entirely.In addition, it is difficult to prepare the functionally gradient material (FGM) that W volume fractions are less than 50%, the composition model of W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s is limited
Enclose.In addition, removing unnecessary metallic cementation Cu, it can also increase cost.
Powder metallurgic method（PM）W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s are prepared, are by pre-designed proportioning by graininess W, Cu raw material
Mix, pavement layer by layer is pressed into gradient-structure prefabricated section, then using normal pressure-sintered, hot pressed sintering, HIP sintering, anti-
It the sintering method such as should sinter and sintering gradient material body is made.The W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s prepared in this way, consistency is relatively low,
It is primarily due to W, Cu density and fusing point difference is larger, and does not occur any reaction between the two.In addition, manufacture craft is more multiple
Miscellaneous, the requirement to holding temperature, time and cooling velocity is more strict.
The direction that plasma spraying method prepares W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s mainly has two kinds：One kind is located at from thermal coefficient of expansion
Material between W, Cu is used as transition zone；Another is to select W, Cu gradient layer for transition zone, can be eliminated to greatest extent
Because W, Cu thermal coefficient of expansion differ thermal stress issues that are larger and existing.Using the functionally gradient material (FGM) knot prepared by plasma spraying method
Conjunction strength ratio is relatively low, and coating structure is uneven, coating porosity is high, and inter-layer bonding force is low, easily peel off etc., main cause is to apply
Layer is with matrix based on mechanical bond.
Fused salt electrodeposition process prepares W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s, is that the W ion in fused salt is deposited into the moon using electrochemical principle
The process of Cu-W gradient layers is formed on the Cu substrates of pole.There is the functionally gradient material (FGM) prepared in this way Thickness of Gradient Layer easily to control
System, process parameter control scope is wide, easy to operate, material surface compact structure, it is smooth the features such as, but the bond strength of material is low,
It is primarily due to W, Cu immiscible under normal conditions, both can neither form solid solution, can not react generationization
Compound, the W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s formed are the pseudo- alloys of a kind of typical case.
Analysis shows above, the W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s and its system for rarely having heat shock resistance and heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance at present
Preparation Method, even in preparing on the W-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s similar with this material, there is also following deficiency：（1）The hole of gradient layer
The defects such as gap, cavity are more, and mechanical property is relatively poor；（2）Process conditions are complicated, and production cost is high；（3）Be difficult to preparation 0~
100% proper functionally gradient material (FGM).
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s with graded；The present invention
Additionally provide the preparation method of a kind of resistance to sudden heating and the W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s of heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is：It is using pure W plates as matrix, matrix both sides
It is W-Ni-Cu gradient layers；The gradient layer is gradually risen for Cu contents from inside to outside, and Ni contents are first raised and reduced afterwards, W content by
Gradually reduce.
From inside to outside, the composition changing rule of phase is functionally gradient material (FGM) of the present invention：W-NiW2+NiW+Ni4W-Cu.
NiW of the present invention2+NiW+Ni4The thickness of W-Cu gradient layers is 25 μm~45 μm.
The inventive method is：Methods described oozes source using NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt system as Ni, with copper facing
The aqueous solution oozes source as Cu's；Pure W plates ooze nickel, aqueous solution electro-deposition through fused salt electro-deposition and ooze Cu, last diffusion annealing, you can
To described W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
Further, the processing step of the inventive method is：（1）Negative electrode W plates and anode Ni plates are inserted into NaCl- simultaneously
In KCl-NaF-NiO fused salt, electro-deposition is then carried out；
（2）After electro-deposition terminates, negative electrode W plates are taken out, are removed after fused salt attachment, flushing, you can obtain W-Ni gradient materials
Material；
（3）Negative electrode W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and positive C u plates are inserted in plating copper liquor simultaneously, electro-deposition is then carried out；
（4）After electro-deposition terminates, negative electrode W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s are taken out, are removed after fused salt attachment, flushing, you can obtain W-
Ni-Cu alloy materials；
（5）W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are diffused annealing in the annealing furnace of inert atmosphere protection, you can obtain
Described W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
Further, step described in the inventive method（1）In, in 700~800 DEG C of temperature, 50~100mA of current density
cm-2Under conditions of 10~30min of electro-deposition.
Further, step described in the inventive method（3）In, in 30~70mAcm of current density-2Under conditions of electricity it is heavy
80~100min of product.
Further, step described in the inventive method（5）In diffusion annealing be processed as：60 are incubated at 800~1000 DEG C
~180min.In the diffusion annealing processing procedure, W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are put into after annealing furnace, first with 3~8 DEG C/min
Speed is warming up to 800~1000 DEG C of preset temperature, is incubated afterwards, is finally cooled to room temperature again with identical speed range.
The technological principle of the inventive method is：In NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems, using metal W as negative electrode, gold
Category Ni is anode, and the electro-deposition in the presence of DC pulse current, described W negative electrodes can form W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s；Afterwards
In plating copper liquor, using W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s as negative electrode, Ni metal is anode, and electricity is heavy in the presence of DC pulse current
Product, described W-Ni negative electrodes can form W-Ni-Cu alloys；Finally spread in the annealing furnace of inert atmosphere protection by annealing
Processing can form W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
It is using the beneficial effect produced by above-mentioned technical proposal：Material of the present invention have good resistance to sudden heating and
Heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance, material each several part is tightly combined, material surface compact structure, smooth, with good conduction, thermal conductivity and
Mechanical performance.
The inventive method is directed to the characteristic of existing W-Ni and Cu-Ni alloys, according to diffusion basic theories, using electro-deposition
Method, occurs counterdiffusion simultaneously in the presence of electric field and temperature field between Ni, Cu between W, Ni（Electric field can accelerate solid metallic
Diffusion, also can mutually improve the diffusion velocity of other side when multielement spreads in solid-state diffusion）, accelerating gradient layer thicken.This hair
Bright method have gradient layer formation speed it is fast, preparation time is short, Thickness of Gradient Layer can be controlled arbitrarily, material surface compact structure,
Thermal conductivity is good, the features such as technique is simple.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is W-Ni-Cu distribution diagram of element in the gained functionally gradient material (FGM) of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is W-Ni-Cu distribution diagram of element in the gained functionally gradient material (FGM) of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 3 is W-Ni-Cu distribution diagram of element in the gained functionally gradient material (FGM) of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Embodiment
This W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s are that, using pure W plates as matrix, matrix both sides are W-Ni-Cu gradient layers；The gradient layer by
Gradually risen from inside to outside for Cu contents, Ni contents are first raised and reduced afterwards, and W content is gradually reduced；From inside to outside, the composition change of phase
Rule is：W-NiW2+NiW+Ni4W-Cu；Wherein, NiW2+NiW+Ni4The thickness of W-Cu gradient layers is 25 μm~45 μm.This
W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s are produced using following preparation methods：
（1）By NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO（Mol ratio is：0.36:0.36:0.25:0.03）Reagent mixes and pours into graphite earthenware
In crucible, then the graphite crucible for being stamped graphite cover is put into electrified regulation in resistance furnace, and is passed through protective gas argon gas, wait to be warming up to
Stirred after 700~800 DEG C, 40~80min of insulation is so that melting molten salt system reaches stabilization.
（2）By the pure W plates of negative electrode（20×20×2mm）, the pure Ni plates of anode（20×20×2mm）It is put into the graphite in cvd furnace
In crucible, in 700~800 DEG C, 50~100mAcm-2Under conditions of 10~30min of electro-deposition.
（3）Negative electrode W plates are taken out after deposition, first with 10~30min of boiling water boiling to remove fused salt attachment, then with deionized water and
Alcohol is rinsed successively, you can obtain W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
（4）By CuSO4·5H2O（Concentration in mix reagent is 90g/L）、CuCl2（Concentration in mix reagent is
7g/L）、H2SO4（Concentration in mix reagent is 30ml/L）Mix reagent is put into glass dish, and is added in distilled water,
Dissolve at room temperature, be configured to plate copper liquor, standing 20~40min makes molten salt system reach stabilization.
（5）By negative electrode W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and the pure Cu plates of anode（20×20×2mm）It is put into the plating equipped with plating copper liquor
In groove, make pulse electroplating power supply is 30~70mAcm in current density-2Under conditions of 80~100min of electro-deposition, deposition
Go out the W-Ni-Cu alloys of surfacing.
（6）Negative electrode W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s are taken out after deposition, first with 10~30min of boiling water boiling to remove fused salt attachment, then are used
Deionized water and alcohol are rinsed successively, you can obtain W-Ni-Cu alloys.
（7）W-Ni-Cu alloys are placed in high-temperature annealing furnace, control annealing furnace is heated up with 3~8 DEG C/min speed, to prevent
Only there is crackle because thermal diffusion coefficient difference is larger in W, Cu；It is warming up to 800~1000 DEG C, annealing（Insulation）60~180min；
Finally again to be cooled to room temperature with heating rate scope identical rate of temperature fall scope；Whole inert atmosphere protection, preferably argon
Gas atmosphere, to prevent material to be oxidized；It can obtain described W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
In the above method, Cu, Ni, W content distribution, the control of thickness and the thermal conductivity of the gradient layer mainly pass through
The parameters such as electrodeposition time, electrodeposition temperature, current density, annealing time are adjusted to realize.This method working mechanism is as follows：By
Effect in electric field and temperature field, the chemical diffusion of W-Ni-Cu content concns gradient and W-Ni-Cu and physical diffusion, accelerates shape
Into along matrix W to top layer phase composition changing rule be the micro NiW of W2+NiW+Ni4The functionally gradient material (FGM) of W Cu institutional frameworks, shortens
The formation time of gradient layer, accelerating gradient layer thicken speed.Through examining, functionally gradient material (FGM) has good resistance to sudden heating and resistance to
Thermal fatigue；W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s（45µm）The purer W plates of thermal conductivity reduce 1 times；There is high-copper to contain on functionally gradient material (FGM) surface
Amount（100%）, functionally gradient material (FGM) is gradually mutually a small amount of NiW to thing from inside to outside2、NiW、Ni4W, the high temperature that can improve functionally gradient material (FGM) is strong
Degree, extends the life-span of material.
Embodiment 1：The specific production technology of this W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s is as described below.
NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems are loaded into black-fead crucible, is put into electric furnace and is warming up to 700 DEG C, constant temperature
40min；By negative electrode W plates（20×20×2mm）With anode Ni plates（20×20×2mm）The NaCl-KCl- of melting is put into simultaneously
In NaF-NiO fused salts, apply DC pulse current, current density is 50mAcm-2When, after 700 DEG C of electro-deposition 10min, from
Cathode material is taken out in the NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems of melting, is put into boiling water and boils 10min, makes nothing on W plate matrixes
Obvious fused salt attachment, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s.By CuSO4·5H2O、
CuCl2、H2SO4Mix reagent is put into glassware, is added in distilled water, is dissolved at room temperature, stands 20min；By negative electrode W-
Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and positive C u plates（20×20×2mm）Insert simultaneously in plating copper liquor, apply DC pulse current, electric current is close
Spend for 30mAcm-2, after electro-deposition 80min, take out cathode material from plating copper liquor, be put into boiling water and boil 10min, make W-
Without obvious fused salt attachment on Ni plate matrixes, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni-Cu alloy materials
Material.W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are put into high-temperature annealing furnace, preset temperature is warming up to as 800 with stove using 3 DEG C/min speed
DEG C, 60min is incubated, then room temperature is cooled to 3 DEG C/min speed with stove, annealing process should be entered in the environment of Ar protective atmospheres
OK, it is final to can obtain W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
Coating surface morphology, section thickness and W, Ni, Cu content distribution, Surface Phases analysis result are shown, this implementation
The surface compact of example gained functionally gradient material (FGM) is smooth, and gradient layer surface is pure Cu.With GDA750 glow discharge spectrometries to material point
Analysis, is as a result shown in Fig. 1, shows：Material both side surface is Ni metal, and intermediate layer is metal W, gradient layer from inside to outside for Cu contents by
Edged up height, and Ni contents are first raised and reduced afterwards, and W content is gradually reduced, and Thickness of Gradient Layer is 25 μm.
Embodiment 2：The specific production technology of this W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s is as described below.
NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems are loaded into black-fead crucible, is put into electric furnace and is warming up to 750 DEG C, constant temperature
60min；By negative electrode W plates（20×20×2mm）With anode Ni plates（20×20×2mm）The NaCl-KCl- of melting is put into simultaneously
In NaF-NiO fused salts, apply DC pulse current, current density is 70mAcm-2When, after 750 DEG C of electro-deposition 20min, from
Cathode material is taken out in the NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems of melting, is put into boiling water and boils 20min, makes nothing on W plate matrixes
Obvious fused salt attachment, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s.By CuSO4·5H2O、
CuCl2、H2SO4Mix reagent is put into glassware, is added in distilled water, is dissolved at room temperature, stands 30min；By negative electrode W-
Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and positive C u plates（20×20×2mm）Insert simultaneously in plating copper liquor, apply DC pulse current, electric current is close
Spend for 50mAcm-2, after electro-deposition 90min, take out cathode material from plating copper liquor, be put into boiling water and boil 20min, make W-
Without obvious fused salt attachment on Ni plate matrixes, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni-Cu alloy materials
Material.W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are put into high-temperature annealing furnace, preset temperature is warming up to as 900 DEG C using 5 DEG C/min speed with stove,
120min is incubated, then room temperature is cooled to 8 DEG C/min speed with stove, annealing process should be entered in the environment of Ar protective atmospheres
OK, it is final to can obtain W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
Coating surface morphology, section thickness and W, Ni, Cu content distribution, Surface Phases analysis result are shown, obtained
Gradient layer surface compact is smooth, and gradient layer surface is pure Cu.With GDA750 glow discharge spectrometries to material analysis, figure is as a result seen
2, show：Material both side surface is Ni metal, and intermediate layer is metal W, and gradient layer gradually rises for Cu contents from inside to outside, and Ni contains
Amount is first raised and reduced afterwards, and W content is gradually reduced, and Thickness of Gradient Layer is 35 μm.
Embodiment 3：The specific production technology of this W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s is as described below.
NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems are loaded into black-fead crucible, is put into electric furnace and is warming up to 800 DEG C, constant temperature
80min；By negative electrode W plates（20×20×2mm）With anode Ni plates（20×20×2mm）The NaCl-KCl- of melting is put into simultaneously
In NaF-NiO fused salts, apply DC pulse current, current density is 100mAcm-2, after 800 DEG C of electro-deposition 30min, from molten
Cathode material is taken out in the NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems melted, is put into boiling water and boils 30min, is made on W plate matrixes without bright
Aobvious fused salt attachment, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s.By CuSO4·5H2O、
CuCl2、H2SO4Mix reagent is put into glassware, is added in distilled water, is dissolved at room temperature, stands 40min；By negative electrode W-
Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and positive C u plates（20×20×2mm）Insert simultaneously in plating copper liquor, apply DC pulse current, electric current is close
Spend for 70mAcm-2, after electro-deposition 100min, take out cathode material from plating copper liquor, be put into boiling water and boil 30min, make
Without obvious fused salt attachment on W-Ni plate matrixes, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni-Cu alloys
Material.W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are put into high-temperature annealing furnace, with stove using 8 DEG C/min speed be warming up to preset temperature as
1000 DEG C, be incubated 180min, then room temperature be cooled to 5 DEG C/min speed with stove, annealing process should Ar protective atmospheres ring
Carried out under border, it is final to can obtain W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
Coating surface morphology, section thickness and W, Ni, Cu content distribution, Surface Phases analysis result are shown, obtained
Specimen surface densification is smooth, and gradient layer surface is pure Cu.With GDA750 glow discharge spectrometries to material analysis, Fig. 3 is as a result seen,
Show：Material both side surface is Ni metal, and intermediate layer is metal W, and gradient layer gradually rises for Cu contents from inside to outside, Ni contents
First raise is reduced afterwards, and W content is gradually reduced, and Thickness of Gradient Layer is 45 μm.
Embodiment 4：The specific production technology of this W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s is as described below.
NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems are loaded into black-fead crucible, is put into electric furnace and is warming up to 780 DEG C, constant temperature
50min；By negative electrode W plates（20×20×2mm）With anode Ni plates（20×20×2mm）The NaCl-KCl- of melting is put into simultaneously
In NaF-NiO fused salts, apply DC pulse current, current density is 85mAcm-2, after 780 DEG C of electro-deposition 20min, from molten
Cathode material is taken out in the NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO molten salt systems melted, is put into boiling water and boils 15min, is made on W plate matrixes without bright
Aobvious fused salt attachment, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s.By CuSO4·5H2O、
CuCl2、H2SO4Mix reagent is put into glassware, is added in distilled water, is dissolved at room temperature, stands 35min；By negative electrode W-
Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and positive C u plates（20×20×2mm）Insert simultaneously in plating copper liquor, apply DC pulse current, electric current is close
Spend for 60mAcm-2, after electro-deposition 85min, take out cathode material from plating copper liquor, be put into boiling water and boil 25min, make W-
Without obvious fused salt attachment on Ni plate matrixes, then with deionized water, alcohol rinse sample, you can obtain W-Ni-Cu alloy materials
Material.W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are put into high-temperature annealing furnace, preset temperature is warming up to as 850 with stove using 6 DEG C/min speed
DEG C, 150min is incubated, then room temperature is cooled to 4 DEG C/min speed with stove, annealing process should be in the environment of Ar protective atmospheres
Carry out, it is final to can obtain W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
Coating surface morphology, section thickness and W, Ni, Cu content distribution, Surface Phases analysis result are shown, obtained
Specimen surface densification is smooth, and gradient layer surface is pure Cu.With GDA750 glow discharge spectrometries to material analysis：Material both sides table
Face is Ni metal, and intermediate layer is metal W, and gradient layer is gradually risen for Cu contents from inside to outside, and Ni contents are first raised and reduced afterwards, W
Content is gradually reduced, and Thickness of Gradient Layer is 30 μm.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s, it is characterised in that：It is using pure W plates as matrix, and matrix both sides are W-Ni-Cu gradient layers；
The gradient layer is gradually risen for Cu contents from inside to outside, and Ni contents are first raised and reduced afterwards, and W content is gradually reduced；The gradient
From inside to outside, the composition changing rule of phase is material：W-NiW2+NiW+Ni4W-Cu, the NiW2+NiW+Ni4W-Cu gradients
The thickness of layer is 25 μm~45 μm.
2. a kind of preparation method of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s, it is characterised in that：Methods described is with the molten of NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO
Salt system oozes source as Ni's, and source is oozed to plate copper liquor as Cu；It is heavy that pure W plates ooze nickel, aqueous solution electricity through fused salt electro-deposition
Product oozes Cu, last diffusion annealing, you can obtain described W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s；Concrete technology step is：
（1）Negative electrode W plates and anode Ni plates are inserted in NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO fused salt simultaneously, electro-deposition is then carried out；
（2）After electro-deposition terminates, negative electrode W plates are taken out, are removed after fused salt attachment, flushing, you can obtain W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s；
（3）Negative electrode W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s and positive C u plates are inserted in plating copper liquor simultaneously, electro-deposition is then carried out；
（4）After electro-deposition terminates, negative electrode W-Ni functionally gradient material (FGM)s are taken out, are removed after dissolved salt attachment, flushing, you can obtain W-Ni-
Cu alloy materials；
（5）W-Ni-Cu alloy materials are diffused annealing in the annealing furnace of inert atmosphere protection：W-Ni-Cu is closed
Golden material is put into after annealing furnace, is first warming up to 800~1000 DEG C of preset temperature with 3~8 DEG C/min speed, and insulation 60 afterwards~
180min, room temperature is finally cooled to identical speed range again, you can obtain described W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s.
3. a kind of preparation method of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step（1）
In, in 700~800 DEG C of temperature, 50~100mAcm of current density-2Under conditions of 10~30min of electro-deposition.
4. a kind of preparation method of W-Ni-Cu functionally gradient material (FGM)s according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：The step
（3）In, in the mAcm of current density 30~70-2Under conditions of 80~100min of electro-deposition.
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