CN105177294B - The microemulsion system and method for a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium - Google Patents

The microemulsion system and method for a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium Download PDF

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CN105177294B
CN105177294B CN201510448857.4A CN201510448857A CN105177294B CN 105177294 B CN105177294 B CN 105177294B CN 201510448857 A CN201510448857 A CN 201510448857A CN 105177294 B CN105177294 B CN 105177294B
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lithium
extraction
nickel
separation
microemulsion
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CN105177294A (en
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李大枝
陈志强
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Linzhou Juye Incubator Co ltd
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Binzhou University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of extraction and separation nickel and the microemulsion system and method for lithium, feature is that the microemulsion system includes surfactant saponification P204, cosurfactant n-hexyl alcohol, organic phase normal heptane, step saponification P204 is pressed with NaOH, microemulsion system is prepared into other compositions, microemulsion is 1 by volume with the outer aqueous phase containing nickel ion and lithium ion:6~10 mixing, after mixing, are placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, and frequency of oscillation is 150 rpm, is shaken 8 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up, stand 4 hours, and phase of fetching water with atomic absorption detecting absorbance, calculates extraction yield.The microemulsion system cooks cosurfactant using saponification P204 as surfactant, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane is cooked the separation that the stable microemulsion system of organic phase structure carries out nickel and lithium, this method P204 and organic phase dosage are few, do not need to additional salting-out agents, it operates simpler, separating rate is accelerated, separative efficiency greatly improves, stripping steps are simple, and the organic phase after back extraction can be recycled.

Description

The microemulsion system and method for a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium
Technical field
The present invention relates to nickel and the separation technology field of lithium, and in particular to the microemulsion system of a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium And method, this method can be used for the separation of nickel and lithium in waste nickel acid lithium battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery uses and the amount of discarding is in cumulative year after year trend, according to investigations, the lithium-ion electric that the whole world is discarded every year At 1,000,000,000 or more, separation and the recycling of the reprocessing of waste and old lithium ion battery and each metal are an important resource regenerations in pond Work.It is lithium nickel oxide to have a kind of positive electrode in lithium ion battery, for lithium nickelate battery, the improper processing meeting of such battery Cause the waste of nickel and lithium.At present, the main method of the noble metals such as nickel is recycled from waste and old lithium ion battery burning method and wet Method metallurgy method.Burning method is because of the reasons such as equipment complexity, high energy consumption, pollution be big, using being restricted;Hydrometallurgical is easy easily It is capable, at low cost, have more optimistic application prospect.One of key technology is how to realize effectively dividing for ion in hydrometallurgy From the method for being used for separating metal ions in existing hydrometallurgical processes mainly has chemical precipitation method, ionic adsorption method and solvent Extraction etc., using chemical precipitation method, the addition of excessive precipitating reagent can bring new pollution;Ionic adsorption method, which often exists, inhales Attached poor selectivity, the shortcomings that yield is relatively low;Solvent extraction solvent extraction has preferable selectivity, organic efficiency height, separation effect The advantages such as fruit is good, but solvent extraction is larger there is also Solvent quantity, and extraction time is longer, and lotion used is more, be easy to cause The wasting of resources increases the deficiency of extraction cost.Microemulsion extraction and separation metal ion is with separative efficiency is high, selectivity is strong, makes With advantages, the P204 such as range is wide(That is di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid ester)It is the common extractant of extraction and separation metal ion, but In in the prior art using P204 as the application of extractant, there are Solvent quantity is big, stripping steps long flow path, liquid waste processing are difficult The defects of big is spent, seriously restricts the development that the metal ions such as nickel, lithium are detached in waste and old lithium ion battery.Therefore, how to realize The separation of metal ions speed such as nickel, lithium is fast in waste and old lithium ion battery, separative efficiency is high, selectivity is good, economic and environment-friendly, operation letter Single separation method is the problem urgently to be resolved hurrily faced in current industry.
Invention content
In order to solve more than the problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium Microemulsion system and method, the microemulsion system by the use of saponification P204 as surfactant, n-hexyl alcohol cook cosurfactant, Normal heptane is cooked the separation that the stable microemulsion system of organic phase structure carries out nickel and lithium, and this method P204 and organic phase dosage are few, no Additional salting-out agents are needed, operation is simpler, and separating rate is accelerated, separative efficiency greatly improves, and stripping steps are simple, after back extraction Organic phase can be recycled.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
The microemulsion system of a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium, feature are that the microemulsion system includes surfactant soap Change P204, cosurfactant n-hexyl alcohol, organic phase normal heptane, saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane volume ratio for 0.5~ 1:2~4:6~8, the preparation process of the microemulsion system is:By saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane by volume 0.5~1:2 ~4:6~8 mixing, mixed liquor is 30 minutes ultrasonic at room temperature, stand 24 hours after taking-up.
The saponification step of surfactant saponification P204 described above is:Add in a concentration of 1.0 mol/L's into P204 NaOH solution is uniformly mixed and is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, and frequency of oscillation 150rpm vibrates 30 minutes at room temperature, 12 hours are stood after taking-up, wherein P204 is 3~1 with NaOH solution molar ratio:1~2.
A kind of method using microemulsion system extraction and separation nickel described above and lithium:Take above-mentioned microemulsion by microemulsion with Water phase water volume ratio is 1:6~10 mixing(Nickel ion and lithium ion in outer aqueous phase), after mixing, it is placed in constant temperature water bath In oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150 rpm, is shaken 8 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up, stands 4 hours, and phase of fetching water is inhaled with atom It receives and measures absorbance, calculate extraction yield.
The microemulsion system of extraction and separation nickel and lithium as described above, available for nickel in waste nickel acid lithium battery and lithium Separation, when the separation of nickel and lithium in for waste nickel acid lithium battery, outer aqueous phase is waste nickel acid lithium battery leachate.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:Separating rate is fast, separation can be completed within 8 minutes, separative efficiency is high, the extraction yield of nickel It is more than 99.6%, the separation of nickel and lithium is 338, and far above the prior art, organic phase and P204 dosages extract compared with usual vehicle The amount of taking is few, and the organic phase of generation is easily stripped, and the organic phase obtained after back extraction is reusable, economic and environment-friendly.Common micro emulsion Liquid extraction system and solvent-extraction system in order to increase the extraction yield of ion, are commonly incorporated into the salting-out agents such as sodium chloride, to follow-up waste water Processing bring difficulty, do not need to additional salting-out agents in the method for the present invention, operation is simpler, environmentally friendly.Saponification P204 plays table The double action of face activating agent and extractant, reduces raw material type, easily facilitates Preparatory work of experiment.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the technical characterstic of the present invention program for that can understand with reference to specific embodiments the present invention is illustrated.
Embodiment 1:
Saponification:The NaOH solution of a concentration of 1.0 mol/L of 22 mL is added in into 5.0 mL P204, is uniformly mixed and is placed on In water-bath constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150 rpm, vibrates 30 minutes at room temperature, 12 hours are stood after taking-up.
It is prepared by microemulsion:Saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are by volume:0.8:3:7 mixing, by mixed liquor in room The lower ultrasound of temperature 30 minutes, stands 24 hours after taking-up, obtains clear microemulsion system.
Extraction and separation:Above-mentioned 5.0 mL of micro emulsion is taken, is 1 by ratio of milk and water:8 mixing(Wherein, in outer aqueous phase nickel ion and lithium from The concentration of son is respectively 100 mg/L and 80 mg/L), after mixing, it is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150rpm shakes 8 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up, stands 4 hours, and phase of fetching water with atomic absorption detecting absorbance, calculates extraction It is 99.79% to take rate, separation 340.Related data of the table 1 for parallel laboratory test three times.
The extraction yield and separation of nickel under 1 optimal conditions of table
The median extraction rate of more than nickel is 99.68%, though heat also has and can reach extraction yield 99.68% or so in prior art Scheme or even higher than 99.68% extraction scheme, but mostly using P204 as the organic phase of extractant and the volume ratio of water phase It is 1:1, and the volume ratio of microemulsion and water phase is 1 in the application:7~9, the dosage of extractant is opposite to be greatly reduced.
Embodiment 2:
Saponification:The NaOH solution of a concentration of 1.0 mol/L, molar ratio P204 are added in into P204:NaOH solution is:1: 1.5, it is uniformly mixed and is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150 rpm, is vibrated 30 minutes at room temperature, is taken out Stand 12 hours afterwards.
It is prepared by microemulsion:Saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are by volume:0.5:2:6 mixing, by mixed liquor in room The lower ultrasound of temperature 30 minutes, stands 24 hours after taking-up, obtains clear microemulsion system.
Extraction and separation:Above-mentioned 5.0 mL of micro emulsion is taken, is 1 by ratio of milk and water:7 mixing(Wherein, in outer aqueous phase nickel ion and lithium from The concentration of son is respectively 100 mg/L and 80 mg/L), after mixing, it is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150rpm shakes 8 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up, stands 4 hours, phase of fetching water, and is to calculate with atomic absorption detecting absorbance Extraction yield is 99.52%, separation 335.
Embodiment 3:
Saponification:The NaOH solution of a concentration of 1.0 mol/L, molar ratio P204 are added in into P204:NaOH solution is:1: 2, it is uniformly mixed and is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150 rpm, is vibrated 30 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up Stand 12 hours.
It is prepared by microemulsion:Saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are by volume:1:4:8 mixing, by mixed liquor in room temperature Lower ultrasonic 30 minutes, 24 hours are stood after taking-up, obtains clear microemulsion system.
Extraction and separation:Above-mentioned 5.0 mL of micro emulsion is taken, is 1 by ratio of milk and water:9 mixing(Wherein, in outer aqueous phase nickel ion and lithium from The concentration of son is respectively 100 mg/L and 80 mg/L), after mixing, it is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150rpm shakes 8 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up, stands 4 hours, phase of fetching water, and is to calculate with atomic absorption detecting absorbance Extraction yield is 99.73%, separation 339.
The application has investigated saponification rate, different alcohol, extraction time, extraction temperature, microemulsion and water phase volume ratio etc. simultaneously Influence of the factor to extraction yield.Saponification rate, different alcohol, microemulsion and water phase volume ratio is set forth to extraction yield in table 2-4 It influences
1st, influence of the saponification rate to extraction yield:
Fixed microemulsion and outer aqueous phase volume ratio 1:8, in 298.15 K of bath temperature, duration of oscillation 8 minutes, frequency of oscillation The water-bath constant temperature oscillator of 150 rpm carries out extraction and separation, and a layer water phase Atomic absorption is removed in liquid separation after taking out static 4 hours The absorbance of spectrophotometric determination nickel ion and lithium ion, calculates the extraction yield of nickel and lithium, and concrete numerical value is shown in Table 2.
Influence of the molar ratio of table 2 P204 and NaOH to extraction yield
By 2 experimental data of table it is found that P204 and NaOH molar ratios are 2.5:1、2:1、1:Under conditions of 1.5, the extraction of Ni Take rate(%)More than 99%, and it is 1 when matching:When 1.5, the proportioning difference of Li and Ni are maximum, and the two separating effect is best, can It is 1 in P204 and NaOH molar ratios:Make under conditions of 1.5 further directed to property inquiry experiment.
2nd, different alcohol are as influence of the cosurfactant to extraction yield:
Microemulsion and outer aqueous phase volume ratio 1:The molar ratio 1 of 8, P204 and NaOH:1.5, isoamyl alcohol, uncle penta are selected respectively The different cosurfactant such as alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol.In 298.15 K of bath temperature, duration of oscillation 8 minutes, oscillation frequency The thermostatic control oscillator vibration of 150 rpm of rate carries out extraction and separation, and liquid separation after taking out static 4 hours is removed a layer water phase and inhaled with atom The absorbance of spectrophotometric determination nickel ion and lithium ion is received, calculates the extraction yield of nickel and lithium, it is as a result as shown in table 3 below.
Influence of 3 cosurfactant of table to extraction yield
By 3 experimental data of table it is found that when cosurfactant is n-hexyl alcohol, the extraction yield of Ni is 99.09%, extraction yield Highest, the extraction yield of Li is 11.55%, and maximum with the extraction yield difference of Ni, separating effect is best.
3rd, the influence of microemulsion and water phase volume ratio to extraction yield:
By different microemulsions and outer aqueous phase volume ratio, in duration of oscillation 8 minutes, 298.15 K of bath temperature, frequency of oscillation The thermostatic control oscillator vibration of 150 rpm carries out extraction and separation, and a layer water phase Atomic absorption is removed in liquid separation after taking out static 4 hours Spectrophotometric measures the absorbance of nickel ion and lithium ion, calculates the extraction yield of nickel and lithium, the results are shown in Table 4.
4 microemulsion of table and influence of the outer aqueous phase volume ratio to extraction yield
By 4 experimental data of table it is found that microemulsion and water phase volume ratio are 1:6 and 1:When 8, the extraction yield highest of Ni, and Maximum with the extraction yield difference of Li, separating effect is best, especially when microemulsion and water phase volume ratio are 1:When 8, the extraction of Ni The extraction yield that rate is 99.27%, Li is 11.16%, and maximum with the extraction yield difference of Ni, extraction and separation effect is best.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of microemulsion system of extraction and separation nickel and lithium, it is characterised in that:The microemulsion system includes surfactant soap Change P204, cosurfactant n-hexyl alcohol, organic phase normal heptane, saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane volume ratio be 0.5:2: 6 or 1:4:8, saponification P204, n-hexyl alcohol, normal heptane are pressed into more than volume ratio and mixed, mixed liquor is 30 minutes ultrasonic at room temperature, 24 hours are stood after taking-up, the saponification step of surfactant saponification P204 is:Add in a concentration of 1.0 mol/L's into P204 NaOH solution is uniformly mixed and is placed in water-bath constant temperature oscillator, and frequency of oscillation 150rpm vibrates 30 minutes at room temperature, 12 hours are stood after taking-up, the P204 is 2.5 with NaOH solution molar ratio:1 or 2:1 or 1:1.5, take above-mentioned microemulsion by Microemulsion is 1 with outer aqueous phase water volume ratio:6 mix, and containing nickel ion and lithium ion in outer aqueous phase, after mixing, are placed in water-bath In constant temperature oscillator, frequency of oscillation is 150 rpm, is shaken 8 minutes at room temperature, after taking-up, stands 4 hours, phase of fetching water, with original Sub- absorption measurement absorbance calculates extraction yield.
2. the microemulsion system of extraction and separation nickel as described in claim 1 and lithium, it is characterised in that available for waste and old lithium nickelate The separation of nickel and lithium in battery.
3. the microemulsion system of a kind of extraction and separation nickel as described in claim 1 and lithium, it is characterised in that:The outer aqueous phase For waste nickel acid lithium battery leachate.
CN201510448857.4A 2015-07-28 2015-07-28 The microemulsion system and method for a kind of extraction and separation nickel and lithium Expired - Fee Related CN105177294B (en)

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CN109852797B (en) * 2017-12-16 2020-12-29 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 Extraction solvent for extracting and separating lithium element and method for extracting and separating lithium element by using extraction solvent
CN109913666B (en) * 2019-03-12 2021-09-28 滨州学院 Sugar precipitation three-phase system and method for extracting and separating Fe (III), Cr (III) and Ni (II)

Citations (6)

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JPS556460A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-01-17 Nippon Mining Co Ltd Extracting and separating method of nickel and cobalt
CN1554473A (en) * 2003-12-24 2004-12-15 �Ϻ���ͨ��ѧ Micro lactescence and its preparing method
KR20070019182A (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 한국과학기술연구원 Solvent extraction method for separation of cobalt and nickel
CN103173616A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 北京石油化工学院 Method for extracting and separating copper and cobalt in waste lithium ion battery leach solution with microemulsion
CN104313324A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-01-28 云南大学 Method for extracting palladium from alkaline aurocynide solution by using dodecyl dimethyl-2-phenoxyacetic ammonium bromide
CN105087960A (en) * 2015-08-26 2015-11-25 昆明理工大学 Method for extracting and separating nickel and cobalt by microemulsion

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS556460A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-01-17 Nippon Mining Co Ltd Extracting and separating method of nickel and cobalt
CN1554473A (en) * 2003-12-24 2004-12-15 �Ϻ���ͨ��ѧ Micro lactescence and its preparing method
KR20070019182A (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 한국과학기술연구원 Solvent extraction method for separation of cobalt and nickel
CN103173616A (en) * 2011-12-23 2013-06-26 北京石油化工学院 Method for extracting and separating copper and cobalt in waste lithium ion battery leach solution with microemulsion
CN104313324A (en) * 2014-10-23 2015-01-28 云南大学 Method for extracting palladium from alkaline aurocynide solution by using dodecyl dimethyl-2-phenoxyacetic ammonium bromide
CN105087960A (en) * 2015-08-26 2015-11-25 昆明理工大学 Method for extracting and separating nickel and cobalt by microemulsion

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