CN105175183A - Multifunctional soil conditioning agent adopting shrimp and crab shell as main material, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional soil conditioning agent adopting shrimp and crab shell as main material, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional soil conditioning agent adopting shrimp and crab shell as a main material, and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of soil conditioning agent production, wherein the problem that the existing inorganic soil conditioning causes salinization hardening and heavy metal residue on soil is solved through the present invention. The multifunctional soil conditioning agent is prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 150-200 parts of shrimp and crab shell, 55-99 parts of tobacco smalls, 100-149 parts of organic waste, 115-145 parts of livestock and poultry manure, and 0.10-0.15 part of a microbial agent. The preparation method comprises: pre-treating shrimp and crab shell, carrying out mixing stirring on the pre-treated shrimp and crab shell, organic waste and livestock and poultry manure, inoculating a microbial agent, and fermenting to prepare the multifunctional soil conditioning agent. According to the present invention, the soil pH value can be adjusted, the harmful substance in the soil can be effectively decomposed, the soil acidification hardening can be prevented, and the safe soil environment can be provided for the pollution-free agricultural product production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil conditioner production technical field; Relate to a kind of with shrimp and crab shells waste and industrial or agricultural organic waste for main raw material prepares the method for organic soil amendment.
Background technology
Along with agricultural society is to the differentiation of industrial society, modern industry also brings many new problems while bringing tremendous development to agricultural.Irrational farming, crop rotation and excessively use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, sterilant, pollute soil, air and water body; Destroy the balance of arable soil crumb structure and soil nutrient elements, cause soil severe acidification to harden, have impact on crop growth and resistance, cause agricultural-food heavy metal and agricultural chemicals and antibiotic remains to exceed standard, food safety is subject to extreme influence;
Soil acidification is one of subject matter of restriction China agricultural sustainable development, and particularly in Red Soils in Southern China area, soil acidification problem is very serious.The a large amount of leaching losses of nutritive element such as calcium in soil, magnesium, phosphorus can be caused after soil acidification, and a large amount of stripping of the poisonous metals such as Aluminium in Soil, suppress plant growth, cause crop failure, degradation problem under quality, so to the improvement suppressing method of southern acid soil be experts and scholars, government and society pay close attention to focus, be also significant market pay close attention to focus.
At present, the measure alleviating soil acidification mainly contains uses ground dolomite, physiological alkaline fertilizer (saltpetre, plant ash), soil conditioner etc.; Although the inorganic soil amendment of simple function effectively can regulate soil acidity (pH value), also salinization is caused to harden to soil and the series of problems such as heavy-metal residual existing in varying degrees.
See according to the objective demand of modern agricultural development and the present situation of soil improvement research and development, the emphasis of the research and development of soil improvement from now on should be utilize biomass waste, Nong Fishing industry byproduct to extract raw material to make, research and development have water conservation, fertilizer conservation, short root strong sprout, improve the desirability that amendment that Soil structure etc. gathers multi-function in integral whole is soil improvement, conditioning and maintenance, also the operability and the convenience that improve product is conducive to, not only produced product has long-lasting, and solves the contradictory problems that environmental protection and soil improvement may exist.
Summary of the invention
Cause salinization to harden to soil and the problem of heavy-metal residual for solving existing inorganic soil amendment, the invention provides a kind of take shrimp and crab shells as the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient, is prepared from by the raw material of following weight proportion:
Shrimp and crab shells 150 ~ 200 weight part, offal 55 ~ 99 weight part, organic waste 100 ~ 149 weight part, feces of livestock and poultry 115 ~ 145 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.10 ~ 0.15 weight part;
Described shrimp and crab shells is the discarded shrimp and crab shells produced after extracting meat in shrimp crab goods processing process;
Described offal is the by product scarp and offal that produce in tobacco processing course;
Described organic waste is one or more the mixture in edible fungi residues, oil meal or Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae;
Described feces of livestock and poultry is one or more the mixture in cow dung, sheep excrement or chicken manure;
Described microbiobacterial agent subtilis, aspergillus niger, yeast form by the weight proportion Homogeneous phase mixing of 1:1:1.
Preferably, described shrimp and crab shells is 150 object dusty raw materials, content >=23,300,000,000 of microbiobacterial agent/gram.Namely the particle diameter of shrimp and crab shells is 106 microns, containing >=233 hundred million viable counts in every gram of microbiobacterial agent.Present invention also offers and a kind ofly prepare above-mentioned to take shrimp and crab shells as the method for the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, choose raw material:
Choose the raw material of following weight proportion:
Shrimp and crab shells 150 ~ 200 weight part, offal 55 ~ 99 weight part, organic waste 100 ~ 149 weight part, feces of livestock and poultry 115 ~ 145 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.10 ~ 0.15 weight part;
The discarded shrimp and crab shells that described shrimp and crab shells produces after referring to and extracting meat in shrimp crab goods processing process;
Described offal is the by product scarp and offal that produce in tobacco processing course;
Described organic waste is one or more the mixture in edible fungi residues, oil meal or Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae;
Described feces of livestock and poultry is one or more the mixture in cow dung, sheep excrement or chicken manure;
Described microbiobacterial agent is formed by the weight proportion Homogeneous phase mixing of 1:1:1 by subtilis, aspergillus niger, yeast;
Step 2, material modification pre-treatment:
First shrimp and crab shells is dropped into dram, in cylinder, temperature controls at about 160 ~ 200 DEG C, dries after 2 ~ 3 minutes, then drops in Raymond machine by shrimp and crab shells, grind to form 150 object powder, obtain shrimp and crab shells powder;
Step 3, raw material mixes:
Shrimp and crab shells powder, offal, organic waste, feces of livestock and poultry to be dropped in pan mixer mix and blend 5 minutes, microbiobacterial agent is accessed during stirring, the pH value regulating mixing raw material is 7.0 ~ 7.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25 ~ 31:1, organic content is 45 ~ 50%, the degree of moisture is 47 ~ 52%, obtains fermentation raw material;
Step 4, fermentative processing:
Fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, pile 1.5 meters high and carry out pond heap fermentative processing, use duplex turnover throwing machine to carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 50 ~ 55 DEG C, carry out second time turning when later temperature is raised to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, later turning every day once; Pond heap fermentative processing is after 12 ~ 15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred to buttress heap fermentation canopy, pile the buttress heap of wide 200 ~ 250cm, high 60 ~ 80cm, long 150 ~ 200m, use self-propelled turnover throwing machine to carry out circulation to material and turn over throwing, to strengthen fermentation oxygen-supplying amount and accelerate moisture evaporation and reduce temperature, when temperature of charge drops to normal temperature, during moisture content≤30%, obtain the final product that ferments;
Step 5, screening process:
Final product will be fermented after crusher in crushing, be transported to sub-sieve on vibratory screening apparatus, fines after sub-sieve is granular multifunction soil conditioner, coarse fodder after sub-sieve turns back in step 3, drops into mix and blend in pan mixer together with shrimp and crab shells powder, offal, organic waste, feces of livestock and poultry.
Preferably, described shrimp and crab shells is 150 object dusty raw materials, content >=23,300,000,000 of microbiobacterial agent/gram; The diameter of the mesh of the trundle screen used in described step 4 is 5.2mm; Particle diameter≤the 5.2mm of the fines after sub-sieve is carried out through trundle screen, the particle diameter > 5.2mm of the coarse fodder after sub-sieve in described step 5.
This Fa Ming utilizes discarded shrimp and crab shells to be main raw material, the novel organic soil amendment of one of development.
The present invention is directed to that soils in south china acidifying is hardened, organic content is low, nutrient and beneficial microorganism numerous imbalances, soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, disease and pest be serious, degradation problem under crop yield and quality, elite Nong Fishing industry is processed abandoned biomass high active calcium, is pressed down worm Summing Factor high-quality organic matter fraction, under the effect of microbial technique system, be developed into multifunction soil conditioner, the series of problems such as the objectionable impuritiess such as the soil compaction existing for soil conditioner that thoroughly solution effect is single and heavy metal are residual.
Shrimp shell and crab shell are the industrial solid waste of aquatic products, and along with China's marine products and the development propagating shrimp, crab industry artificially, these waste quantity are increasing, annual more than 1,000 ten thousand tons, generation shrimp and crab shells waste.Shrimp and crab shells include both calcium carbonate 45%, chitin 20%, crude protein and fat account for 27% and a large amount of magnesium, zinc, copper, violent, iron, selenium and other trace elements, therefore part scientific research and enterprise institution is had to develop the comprehensive utilizating research of discarded shrimp and crab shells chitin extraction in recent years, but this has just processed sub-fraction shrimp and crab shells, the shrimp and crab shells of the overwhelming majority but goes out of use and is used as the process of rubbish pole, this not only adds the pressure of town and country refuse treatment, and cause the waste of resource and the pollution of ecotope.
Calcium (Cao) has irreplaceable physiological function to plant, is the main component forming Pectin calcium; Calcium ion is the bridge connect between phosphoric acid and protein hydroxyl in microbial film skeleton lecithin molecules, has the effect of stabilizing membrane structure; Making Pectin calcium in object and contribute to the growth of cell walls, the division of crop cells in vivo can be promoted, and have good result to the conversion of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism;
Calcium can improve Soil structure and reduce soil acidity in soil, is conducive to the activity of soil microorganisms, and can improves P availability.Meanwhile, calcium can offset the respiration that nitrogen promotes, reduces respiratory intensity, reduces nutriment consumption, the aging rate of delayed fruit, improves storage effect.
During crop calcium deficiency, cell wall breakdown, organizes deliquescing, accumulates brown material in born of the same parents and in vascular tissue, impact transport, shows as terminal bud necrosis, leaf margin upsweeps dried-up, and top blade tip is often in hook-shaped, distortion, minus green, root growth is poor, and usually blackening is also rotted, and plant strain growth is slow; Cause the physiological disease of many veterinary antibiotics during serious calcium deficiency, such as Chinese cabbage does worry, tomato and the blossom-end rot of capsicum, the black heart of celery, fruit top rot, bitter pit, water core, cracked fruit etc.
The present invention to utilize in shrimp and crab shells abundant calcareous resource, in addition modification application, turns waste into wealth, has both reduced environmental pollution, play a role again for the sustainable farming in farmland.
preferred material effect and Action Specification:
(1) in the present invention, shrimp and crab shells powder is containing calcium carbonate 65%, and the pH value of shrimp and crab shells powder is 9.5 ~ 10.2, and in strong basicity, energy fast sweetening of the soil is acid; Calcium constituent has irreplaceable physiological function to plant, and they can promote the division of cell, promotes the growth of root system, improves plant drought, winter hardiness; Chitins a large amount of in shrimp and crab shells in addition, crude protein and fat after microbial decomposition and enzymolysis, transform the important nutritive ingredient formed required for plant in acid soil environment simultaneously.
(2) in the present invention, preferred offal is rich in high potassium 3.12%-5.97%, organic 55%-65%, also containing nicotine; Nicotine has stomach toxicity, tags, fumigates three kinds of insecticidal actions, also can infiltrate in plant materials makes insect poisoning, insecticidal range is wide, be mainly used in anti-eliminating aphis, lopper worm, thrips, stinkbug, night springtail, tortrix moth, Liriomyza etc., snout moth's larva, leafhopper, plant hopper etc. are the natural botanical pesticides of a kind of high-quality pure.
(3) in the present invention, preferred edible fungi residues, also mushroom source microbial bacteria is claimed, bacterium slag is not only containing abundant organic matter and higher N, P, K, also be rich in multiple beneficial actinomycetes, the breeding of these bacteria activity needs to decompose a large amount of organic carbon sources, thus can accelerate xylogen, cellulosic decomposition; Can free nitrogen in fixed air, improve compost fertilizer efficiency; Actinomycetic advantage breeding activity can occupy compost material space, and secretes antibiotic, can suppress harmful assorted fungus grown, also can play the function eliminating stink.
(4) in the present invention, preferred rapeseed meal is the plant protein resource that a kind of nutritive value is very high, main component is protein 35%-40%, nitrogen-free extract 27%, also be rich in the plant poison such as organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, amino acid, trace element and glucosinolate and phytic acid, tannin, sinapic acid choline ester, plant poison has deterrent effect to insect and phytophagous animal, has obvious effect in plant resistant virus and the anti-nematode etc. that eliminates aphis.
(5) in the present invention, preferred Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae is a kind of molectron of complex organic compound; Robust fibre in Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae and organic content about 60% ~ 80%, soluble-carbohydrate 10.6% ~ 21.2%, crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen, potassium element composition is also very abundant, it is a kind of organic source material of high-quality, there is the residue of degrading pesticide, improve crop yield, improve quality of agricultural product, sample, enhance disease resistance, resistance and increase soil fertility, improve the action character of soil aggregate.
(6) in the present invention, preferred ox, sheep, the average nitrogen of chicken manure, phosphorus, potassium content 2.25-3.72%, 0.36-0.62%, K1.29-1.55%, organic content 55-65% respectively, animal excretion can activate a large amount of microorganisms in soil, the soil hardened is improved, improve soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping and permeability, also promote the soil organism simultaneously, effectively can eliminate the various drawbacks of conventional soil modifying agent.
(7) microbiobacterial agent in the present invention is formed by the weight proportion Homogeneous phase mixing of 1:1:1 by subtilis, aspergillus niger, yeast.Bacillus subtillis containing viable count 5 × 10 11 powers, namely every gram more than 50,000,000,000, black-koji mould containing viable count 1 × 10 10 powers, namely every gram more than 10,000,000,000, yeast containing viable count 1 × 10 10 powers, namely every gram more than 10,000,000,000; Bacterial classification mixed carrier moisture below 5%, product fineness >=80 order, pH value be 5-7.Bacillus subtillis energy fast degradation starch and protein, secretion synthesis multiple organic acid, enzyme, physiologically active substance etc.The conditioned pathogen of these active substances to pathogenic bacterium or autogenous infection has obvious restraining effect; Black-koji mould can produce citric acid and organic acid in fermentation, rapid degraded cellulose, has cracking larger molecular organics and indissoluble inorganics, is convenient to Crop and utilizes, improve Soil structure, strengthen soil fertility, improve the effect of crop yield; Yeast has very high nutritive value, particularly containing more protein, vitamin B group, nucleic acid and mineral substance, energy rapid conversion glucose also produces the growth activity factor, simultaneously can heavy metal in rehabilitating soil, degrading organic phosphor pesticides and eliminate weedicide to functions such as the pollutions of soil.
multifunction soil conditioner of the present invention and inorganic soil amendment technical indicator contrast:
1, inorganic soil amendment physiochemical techniques index
2, multifunction soil conditioner technical indicator
| Project | Index |
| Calcium magnesium total content (CaO+MgO), % >= | 15.0 |
| Organic content (in butt), % >= | 45.0 |
| Potential of hydrogen (pH value) | 8.0~10.0 |
| Total nutrient (nitrogen+phosphorus+potassium) (in butt) %, >= | 5 |
| Moisture content (H 2O），% ≤ | 30.0 |
| Colititre >= | 10 -1 |
| Induced worm egg death rate, % >= | 95 |
| Arsenic and compound (in As) content thereof, mg/Kg≤ | 20.0 |
| Cadmium and compound (in Cd) content thereof, mg/Kg≤ | 3.0 |
| Lead and compound (in Pb) content thereof, mg/Kg≤ | 50 |
| Chromium and compound (in Cr) content, mg/Kg≤ | 100 |
| Mercury and mercuric compounds (in Hg) content, mg/Kg≤ | 2.0 |
in multifunction soil conditioner rice application of the present invention, district's simultaneous test is summed up:
Take shrimp and crab shells as the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient be a kind of new soil recuperation agent, this product the key technical indexes is: effectively calcium magnesium total content (Cao+Mgo) >=15%, pH value 8.0 ~ 10.0, organic >=45%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium >=5%, be also rich in various trace elements simultaneously.In order to grope the effect of this product on farm crop further, carrying out 3 ~ July in 2015 demonstration test of multifunction soil conditioner on paddy rice taking shrimp and crab shells as major ingredient, now demonstration test result being summarized as follows:
One, test materials and method
1, test site: peaceful Hengfeng organic paddy rice planting base, town, Guangdong Xinxing County, belong to reddish yellow loam, middle fertility is on the low side, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and ground water table is slightly high.
2, experimental cultivar: silver crystalline substance is soft accounts for paddy rice (good quality and high output conventional variety).
3, for trial product: the multifunction soil conditioner taking shrimp and crab shells as major ingredient.
4, test design: 2 process are established in test, do not establish repetition, middle district's contrast demonstration area 0.5 mu, the demonstration sheet total area 1.5 mu.Treatment Design is as follows:
Process one: conventional fertilizer application+with shrimp and crab shells is the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient
Process two: conventional fertilizer application (contrast)
5, cultivation management situation
Paddy rice was sowed on March 7th, 2015, rice transplanting on March 30,23 days length of time rice seedlings grow.Interpolation specification 7 × 6 cun, Mu Ke 1.43 Wanke, every section 4-5 seedling, Basic Seedling 70,000/mu.Before experiment, fetch earth at random and measure the soil organism, N, P, K, calcium, magnesium and pH value, and the field base of each process separates by dark nylon film of inserting, control rich water string leaks.The fertilizer such as base manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium of each process use and cultivation technique is all undertaken by locality custom: entirely make a mu sealing fertilizer (24-7-19) 45 parts, wherein 15 parts, base manure, tillering fertilizer (inserting latter 10 days) 18 parts, ear differentiation fertilizer (May 17) execute 13 parts.It is that the multifunction soil conditioner 120 parts/mu of major ingredient makes base manure that process one enriches with shrimp and crab shells.Paddy rice is in results on July 15, and during results, each process is respectively drawn real the cutting in the community of getting 1 ㎡ immediately and surveyed product, and converts out per mu yield.
Two, result and discussion
1, before rice transplanting, acquisition process one 3 soil samples measure the impact of the soil organism, N, P, K, calcium, magnesium, pH value immediately, and measurement result is respectively table 1:
Table 1 measures the impact of the soil organism, N, P, K, calcium, magnesium, pH value
2, using with shrimp and crab shells is the impact of multifunction soil conditioner on Rice Agronomic Traits of major ingredient
Observe in process of the test, enriching with shrimp and crab shells is that process one rice shoot that the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient makes base manure is turned green soon, and leaf look dark green, and robust plant, rice sheath blight disease is less.As can be seen from Table 2, than process two, process one the highest seedling increases that 0.3 ten thousand/mu, effectively fringe increase by 0.5 ten thousand/mu, spike length increases by 0.3 ㎝, the percentage of earbearing tiller improves 0.6 percentage point, the real grain of every fringe increases by 7.4, setting percentage improves 1.7 percentage points, thousand seed weight increases by 0.2 gram, banded sclerotial blight sickness rate reduces 2.52 percentage points, illustrate that rice application is that the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient can improve Agronomic Traits in Rice with shrimp and crab shells, reach the few sick effect of increasing ears and grains.
It is the impact of multifunction soil conditioner on Rice Agronomic Traits of major ingredient that table 2 is used with shrimp and crab shells
3, the impact of the sampling determination soil organism, N, P, K, calcium, magnesium, pH value again after harvesting, measurement result is respectively table 3:
Table 3 measure use with shrimp and crab shells be major ingredient multifunction soil conditioner after the soil organism, N, P, K,
The impact of calcium, magnesium, pH value
4, using with shrimp and crab shells is the impact of multifunction soil conditioner on rice yield of major ingredient
From table 4, rice application take shrimp and crab shells as the process one community mean yield of the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient is 0.845 ㎏, folding per mu yield 563.55 ㎏, than process two mu of units increased in production 64.64 ㎏, and amplification 12.96%.It is that the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient is to increasing production of rice highly significant that result shows to use with shrimp and crab shells.
It is the impact of multifunction soil conditioner on output of major ingredient that table 4 is used with shrimp and crab shells
5, Economic and Efficiency Analysis
Use with shrimp and crab shells every mu, the paddy rice volume increase 64.64 parts of the multifunction soil conditioner being major ingredient, by the 3.50 yuan every part calculating of paddy rice present price, every mu increases income 226.24 yuan, take shrimp and crab shells as the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient it is 800 yuan/ton with market price, every mu of input take shrimp and crab shells as the multifunction soil conditioner 96 yuan of major ingredient, then every mu purely increases income 130.24 yuan, illustrates that rice application is that the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient has certain economic benefit with shrimp and crab shells.
Three, conclusion
1, using with shrimp and crab shells is that the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient can improve Agronomic Traits in Rice, increases the effective fringe of paddy rice, spike length, the percentage of earbearing tiller, the real grain of every fringe and solid real rate, reduces banded sclerotial blight sickness rate.
2, compared with conventional fertilizer application, enriching with shrimp and crab shells is that the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient can improve the soil soil organism 0.52%, N5.28%, P0.02%, K6.36%, calcium 5.37%, magnesium 0.6%, pH value improve 0.49.
3, rice application with shrimp and crab shells be major ingredient multifunction soil conditioner than Routine control volume increase 12.96%, mu increases income 130.24 yuan, the effect of increasing production that tool is higher and economic benefit.
compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1, the calcium carbonate biomass in the ingenious application shrimp and crab shells of the present invention, the Calcium of intensifiens (Cao) forming unique micro-poly-hole (2 ~ 10 μm) structure is generated in subparticle process in grinding modification, namely be rich in Calcium of intensifiens in shrimp and crab shells powder, it has superpower absorption regulating power; Soil can be allowed to form crumb structure fast at Field information, strengthen soil ventilation, ventilative, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability; Supplement rapidly the absorption of crop calcium constituent, stabilized cell tissue, prevents cell content from exosmosing, and has and strengthens the hardness of fruit and pericarp toughness, reduces the features such as calcium deficiency dehiscent fruit, shedding.
2, product calcium magnesium total content (CaO+MgO) >=15% of the present invention, pH value controls between 8.0 ~ 10.0, in meta-alkalescence; While Field information regulates soil acidity (pH value), can effectively improve soil organic matter content again, improve Soil structure and microflora, objectionable impurities in decomposition soil and alleviate soil acidification and harden.Can be combined with organic acid in the calcareous rear body of plant absorption and form insoluble calcium oxalate crystal, the murder by poisoning (as sodium (Na+), aluminium (A13+), hydrogen (H+)) etc. of excessive oxalic acid to crop can be eliminated; Existing soil conditioner is all made with the inorganic raw material such as ground dolomite, alkaline residue, although it effectively can regulate soil acidity (pH value), but its material cannot decompose forever after being manured into soil, finally form salinized soil and harden and the heavy-metal residual such as sodium, arsenic, lead; The technology of the present invention has wholesomeness.
3, the technology of the present invention by calcium carbonate (the Viability calcium of modification) contained in shrimp and crab shells, chitin, crude protein and fat in acid soil environment after microbial decomposition and enzymolysis, transform the important nutritive ingredient that plants such as forming Pectin calcium, polypeptide, glucosamine needs together; Under the physiochemical techniques state quota condition possessing soil conditioner, take the lead in improve five-term technical index, wherein organic>=45%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient>=5%, colititre>=10
-1, induced worm egg death rate>=95% and heavy metal Hg and compounds content≤2.0mg/Kg thereof; Product can effectively improve the soil organism, improves soil aggregate, strengthen soil water sorption fertilizer conservation and the disease-resistant ability of insect protected, improving crop yield and inside and outside quality, providing safe soil planting environment for producing non-polluted farm product.
4, the present invention gives full play to shrimp and crab shells, offal, organic waste, feces of livestock and poultry, microbial bacteria characteristic separately, reaches coordination republicanism, mutual modification, thus the wholesomeness that improve fertilizer.A large amount of tropina is relied on to improve each environmental microorganism in plant materials and play a role on the one hand, by the actinomycetes in edible fungi residues, the active thalline that the multiple effective microbes such as subtilis, black-koji mould, yeast, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, hemicellulose decomposer, vinelandii combine, realizes fast decoupled and the bio-transformation of material under certain condition; Utilize edible fungi residues, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae on the other hand, the high nutrient, high-cellulose, protein etc. that contain in ox, sheep, chicken manure form nutrient needed for plant growth and improve the organic matter of Soil structure, raising retentiveness after microbial decomposition; Then utilize plant poison in the young dregs of rice of dish, offal and nicotine to improve crop disease-resistant insect pest ability, reduce the harm of disease worm; Finally utilize the high CaO unit of shrimp and crab shells powder usually to supplement the calcareous and sweetening of the soil acidity (pH value) of soil, thus reduce the absorption of the objectionable impuritiess such as crop heavy metal, provide ensure safely and effectively for producing non-polluted farm product.
5, the present invention is while recycling process agriculture fishery organic waste, effectively contain that southern acid soil worsens further, thoroughly solve the soil compaction existing for soil conditioner of simple function and heavy-metal residual etc. a series of between topic, fully demonstrate novelty and the novelty of the technology of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of preparation method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and Fig. 1, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Microbiobacterial agent in following each embodiment is prepared by after the weight proportion Homogeneous phase mixing of 1:1:1 by subtilis, aspergillus niger, yeast;
The discarded shrimp and crab shells that shrimp and crab shells in following each embodiment produces after referring to and extracting meat in shrimp crab goods processing process;
Embodiment 1:
(1) grind to form 150 1500 kilograms, object shrimp and crab shells powder after selecting oven dry, offal 550 kilograms, edible fungi residues 990 kilograms, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 500 kilograms, cow dung 950 kilograms, chicken manure 500 kilograms of input pan mixers carry out mix and blend, the microbiobacterial agent of 7.5 kilograms is accessed during stirring, every batch is stirred 5 minutes, obtains fermentation raw material; The moisture content of fermentation raw material is 47%, C/N is 25: 1, and organic content is 50%, and pH value is 7.0;
(2) fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, pile 1.5 meters high and carry out pond heap fermentative processing, use duplex turnover throwing machine to carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 50 ~ 55 DEG C, carry out second time turning when later temperature is raised to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, later turning every day once; Pond heap fermentative processing is after 12 ~ 15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred to buttress heap fermentation canopy, pile wide 200 ~ 250cm, high 60 ~ 80cm, long 150 ~ 200m, use self-propelled turnover throwing machine to carry out circulation to material and turn over throwing, to strengthen fermentation oxygen-supplying amount and accelerate moisture evaporation and reduce temperature, when temperature of charge drops to normal temperature, moisture content (H
2when O)≤30%, obtain the final product that ferments;
(3) first by above-mentioned fermentation materials after crusher in crushing, enter sub-sieve on vibratory screening apparatus, the multifunction soil conditioner of what the fines after sub-sieve was granular with shrimp and crab shells is major ingredient, the coarse fodder after sub-sieve turns back to mix and blend step as fermentation raw material.
Embodiment 2:
(1) grind to form 150 1700 kilograms, object shrimp and crab shells powder after selecting oven dry, offal 750 kilograms, oil meal 500 kilograms, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 700 kilograms, 500 kilograms, sheep excrement, chicken manure 850 kilograms of input pan mixers carry out mix and blend, the microbiobacterial agent of 6.5 kilograms is accessed during stirring, every batch is stirred 5 minutes, obtains fermentation raw material; The moisture content of fermentation raw material is 49%, C/N is 28: 1, and organic content is 47, and pH value is 7.2;
(2) fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, pile 1.5 meters high and carry out pond heap fermentative processing, use duplex turnover throwing machine to carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 50 ~ 55 DEG C, carry out second time turning when later temperature is raised to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, later turning every day once; Pond heap fermentative processing is after 12 ~ 15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred to buttress heap fermentation canopy, pile wide 200 ~ 250cm, high 60 ~ 80cm, long 150 ~ 200m, use self-propelled turnover throwing machine to carry out circulation to material and turn over throwing, to strengthen fermentation oxygen-supplying amount and accelerate moisture evaporation and reduce temperature, when temperature of charge drops to normal temperature, moisture content (H
2when O)≤30%, obtain the final product that ferments;
(3) first by above-mentioned fermentation materials after crusher in crushing, enter sub-sieve on vibratory screening apparatus, the multifunction soil conditioner of what the fines after sub-sieve was granular with shrimp and crab shells is major ingredient, the coarse fodder after sub-sieve turns back to mix and blend step as fermentation raw material.
Embodiment 3:
(1) grind to form 150 2000 kilograms, object shrimp and crab shells powder after selecting oven dry, offal 850 kilograms, oil meal 450 kilograms, edible fungi residues 600 kilograms, 500 kilograms, sheep excrement, cow dung 600 kilograms of input pan mixers carry out mix and blend, the microbiobacterial agent of 5.5 kilograms is accessed during stirring, every batch is stirred 5 minutes, obtains fermentation raw material; The moisture content of fermentation raw material is 51%, C/N is 31: 1, and organic content is 45%, and pH value is 7.3;
(2) fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, pile 1.5 meters high and carry out pond heap fermentative processing, use duplex turnover throwing machine to carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 50 ~ 55 DEG C, carry out second time turning when later temperature is raised to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, later turning every day once; Pond heap fermentative processing is after 12 ~ 15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred to buttress heap fermentation canopy, pile wide 200 ~ 250cm, high 60 ~ 80cm, long 150 ~ 200m, use self-propelled turnover throwing machine to carry out circulation to material and turn over throwing, to strengthen fermentation oxygen-supplying amount and accelerate moisture evaporation and reduce temperature, when temperature of charge drops to normal temperature, moisture content (H
2when O)≤30%, obtain the final product that ferments;
(3) first by above-mentioned fermentation materials after crusher in crushing, enter sub-sieve on vibratory screening apparatus, the multifunction soil conditioner of what the fines after sub-sieve was granular with shrimp and crab shells is major ingredient, the coarse fodder after sub-sieve turns back to mix and blend step as fermentation raw material.
Embodiment 4:
(1) grind to form 150 1850 kilograms, object shrimp and crab shells powder after selecting oven dry, offal 990 kilograms, edible fungi residues 350 kilograms, oil meal 350 kilograms, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae 300 kilograms, cow dung 450 kilograms, 300 kilograms, sheep excrement, chicken manure 400 kilograms of input pan mixers carry out mix and blend, the microbiobacterial agent of 7.0 kilograms is accessed during stirring, every batch is stirred 5 minutes, obtains fermentation raw material; The moisture content of fermentation raw material is 50%, C/N is 29: 1, and organic content is 46%, and pH value is 7.2
(2) fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, pile 1.5 meters high and carry out pond heap fermentative processing, use duplex turnover throwing machine to carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 50 ~ 55 DEG C, carry out second time turning when later temperature is raised to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, later turning every day once; Pond heap is after fermentative processing 12-15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred to buttress heap fermentation canopy, pile wide 200 ~ 250cm, high 60 ~ 80cm, long 150 ~ 200m, use self-propelled turnover throwing machine to carry out circulation to material and turn over throwing, to strengthen fermentation oxygen-supplying amount and accelerate moisture evaporation and reduce temperature, when temperature of charge drops to normal temperature, moisture content (H
2when O)≤30%, obtain the final product that ferments;
(3) first by above-mentioned fermentation materials after crusher in crushing, enter sub-sieve on vibratory screening apparatus, the multifunction soil conditioner of what the fines after sub-sieve was granular with shrimp and crab shells is major ingredient, the coarse fodder after sub-sieve turns back to mix and blend step as fermentation raw material.
Claims (4)
1. be a multifunction soil conditioner for major ingredient with shrimp and crab shells, it is characterized in that being prepared from by the raw material of following weight proportion:
Shrimp and crab shells 150 ~ 200 weight part, offal 55 ~ 99 weight part, organic waste 100 ~ 149 weight part, feces of livestock and poultry 115 ~ 145 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.10 ~ 0.15 weight part;
Described shrimp and crab shells is the discarded shrimp and crab shells produced after extracting meat in shrimp crab goods processing process;
Described offal is the by product scarp and offal that produce in tobacco processing course;
Described organic waste is one or more the mixture in edible fungi residues, oil meal or Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae;
Described feces of livestock and poultry is one or more the mixture in cow dung, sheep excrement or chicken manure;
Described microbiobacterial agent is formed by the weight proportion Homogeneous phase mixing of 1:1:1 by subtilis, aspergillus niger, yeast.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of take shrimp and crab shells as the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient, it is characterized in that:
Described shrimp and crab shells is 150 object dusty raw materials, content >=23,300,000,000 of microbiobacterial agent/gram.
3. preparing according to claim 1 take shrimp and crab shells as the method for the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, choose raw material:
Choose the raw material of following weight proportion:
Shrimp and crab shells 150 ~ 200 weight part, offal 55 ~ 99 weight part, organic waste 100 ~ 149 weight part, feces of livestock and poultry 115 ~ 145 weight part, microbiobacterial agent 0.10 ~ 0.15 weight part;
The discarded shrimp and crab shells that described shrimp and crab shells produces after referring to and extracting meat in shrimp crab goods processing process;
Described offal is the by product scarp and offal that produce in tobacco processing course;
Described organic waste is one or more the mixture in edible fungi residues, oil meal or Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae;
Described feces of livestock and poultry is one or more the mixture in cow dung, sheep excrement or chicken manure;
Described microbiobacterial agent is formed by the weight proportion Homogeneous phase mixing of 1:1:1 by subtilis, aspergillus niger, yeast;
Step 2, material modification pre-treatment:
First shrimp and crab shells is dropped into dram, in cylinder, temperature controls at about 160 ~ 200 DEG C, dries after 2 ~ 3 minutes, then drops in Raymond machine by shrimp and crab shells, grind to form 150 object powder, obtain shrimp and crab shells powder;
Step 3, raw material mixes:
Shrimp and crab shells powder, offal, organic waste, feces of livestock and poultry to be dropped in pan mixer mix and blend 5 minutes, microbiobacterial agent is accessed during stirring, the pH value regulating mixing raw material is 7.0 ~ 7.5, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25 ~ 31:1, organic content is 45 ~ 50%, the degree of moisture is 47 ~ 52%, obtains fermentation raw material;
Step 4, fermentative processing:
Fermentation raw material is transported to fermentation vat, pile 1.5 meters high and carry out pond heap fermentative processing, use duplex turnover throwing machine to carry out first time turning when fermentation materials temperature is raised to 50 ~ 55 DEG C, carry out second time turning when later temperature is raised to 65 ~ 70 DEG C, later turning every day once; Pond heap fermentative processing is after 12 ~ 15 days, material in fermentation vat is transferred to buttress heap fermentation canopy, pile the buttress heap of wide 200 ~ 250cm, high 60 ~ 80cm, long 150 ~ 200m, use self-propelled turnover throwing machine to carry out circulation to material and turn over throwing, to strengthen fermentation oxygen-supplying amount and accelerate moisture evaporation and reduce temperature, when temperature of charge drops to normal temperature, during moisture content≤30%, obtain the final product that ferments;
Step 5, screening process:
Final product will be fermented after crusher in crushing, be transported to sub-sieve on vibratory screening apparatus, fines after sub-sieve is granular multifunction soil conditioner, coarse fodder after sub-sieve turns back in step 3, drops into mix and blend in pan mixer together with shrimp and crab shells powder, offal, organic waste, feces of livestock and poultry.
4. according to claim 3 a kind of take shrimp and crab shells as the method for the multifunction soil conditioner of major ingredient, it is characterized in that:
Described shrimp and crab shells is 150 object dusty raw materials, content >=23,300,000,000 of microbiobacterial agent/gram;
The diameter of the mesh of the trundle screen used in described step 4 is 5.2mm;
Particle diameter≤the 5.2mm of the fines after sub-sieve is carried out through trundle screen, the particle diameter > 5.2mm of the coarse fodder after sub-sieve in described step 5.
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| CN110066201A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-30 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of conditioner and preparation method thereof of improve hardening tobacco-growing soil |
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