CN105174278A - Preparation method for modified attapulgite, and method for preparing soil conditioner with attapulgite as main raw material - Google Patents
Preparation method for modified attapulgite, and method for preparing soil conditioner with attapulgite as main raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for modified attapulgite, and a method for preparing a soil conditioner with attapulgite as a main raw material. The preparation method for the modified attapulgite comprises the following steps: (a) placing attapulgite in a container and then adding hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 1 to 4 mol/l into the container; (b) placing the attapulgite soaked in the hydrochloric acid into a microwave field and carrying out microwave activation for 15 to 30 min, wherein microwave power is 30 to 50 w; (c) filling a leaching apparatus with the attapulgite having undergone acidification and microwave activation and carrying out leaching with water until the pH value of washing water is 6 to 7; (d) carrying out pumping filtration on the washed attapulgite under the condition of a vacuum degree of 0.05 to 0.08 MPa; and (e) subjecting the attapulgite obtained after pumping filtration to drying at 100 to 200 DEG C, grinding and sieving with a 100-to-300-mesh sieve so as to obtain the modified attapulgite. The soil conditioner can effectively improve the physical properties of soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to green technology and agricultural fertilizer technical field, in particular, relate to a kind of method of Attapulgite passivation heavy metal-polluted soil of microwave acidification modification, more relate to a kind of preparation method of novel agricultural fertilizer.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of industry, production development activity more and more highlights the consequence of failure of edatope.Heavy metal pollution of soil has become serious environmental problem, not only can affect Agriculture Production and Food Security, and can the safety of the environmental element closely bound up with human lives such as remote effect underground water.In addition, use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals because soil is excessive for a long time, the natural ecosystems of soil suffer serious destruction, and soil lacks active trace element, microorganism unbalance of structure, the activity of soil physical chemistry structure, water content, organic matter, protein (enzyme) is all adversely affected.Clearly propose in country's " environment protection " 12 " planning ", strengthen the protection of edatope, advance major area contaminated site and soil remediation.From the origin peculiarity of heavy metal pollution of soil and the destructurized situation of soil ecology, edatope improvement will be a long-term incremental process, therefore, in the urgent need to a kind of efficient, cost is low and can not produce the modification method of secondary pollution.
At present, the method for administering heavy metal pollution of soil both at home and abroad can be divided into the 3 large classes such as Physical, chemical method and biological restoration substantially.Wherein, Physical cost is higher, and biological restoration complex process is not easy to operate, and chemical method cost is lower, simple to operate, effect stability, therefore, applies more in reality.Solidification method (deactivation method) is a kind of conventional chemical method, it can not spoiled soil structure, the cycle is short, simple, cost is lower, thus applied widely.Solidification method refers to by adding solidifying agent (passivator) in soil, and under the effect of solidifying agent, heavy metal forms the lower solid mixture of perviousness, is sealed up for safekeeping in cured article by heavy metal, thus reduces the transport property of heavy metal element in soil.
Attapulgite is a kind of common heavy metal inorganic passivant.Attapulgite also known as polygorskite (Palygorskite), be a kind of layer of chain-like structure containing Shuifu County's zeopan clay mineral, be mineralogically under the jurisdiction of sepiolite group.Because the microtexture under its Electronic Speculum is needle-like, bar-shaped, be therefore called Attapulgite.The crystalline structure of Attapulgite is as accompanying drawing 1.Fibrous texture, unusual colloid, the performance such as absorption and decolouring that attapulgite is special, be widely used in the fields such as chemical industry, light industry, agricultural, weaving, building materials, geological prospecting, casting, silicate industry, nuclear industry, environmental protection and pharmacy, have the laudatory title such as " kings of thousand soil ", " soil of general-purpose ".
At present about can passivation heavy metal-polluted soil to increase again the patent of the soil improvement agent of soil fertility also fewer.Publication number is the preparation and application that the Chinese patent of CN104560046A discloses a kind of Heavy Metals in Soil Contaminated passivator, and passivator is mixed to form by the raw material of following weight percent: natural clay mineral material 30% ~ 60%, industrial non-hazardous waste 30% ~ 60%, cationite 10% ~ 20%.Natural clay mineral material is one or more mixing in wilkinite, attapulgite, calcium and magnesium oxides, magnesium aluminum-hydrotalcite or hydroxyapatite.Cationite composition is X-type molecular sieve or 4A type molecular sieve.This passivator can reach passivation heavy metal in soil Cd, Cu, Hg, reduces the content that soil crop can utilize state heavy metal Cd, Cu, Hg.But the cationite-molecular sieve used in the method, the higher and natural reserves of its chemosynthesis cost are very limited again, and this will affect its large-scale application undoubtedly.Publication number is the preparation method that the Chinese patent of CN102464512A discloses a kind of natural mineral fertilizer.The raw material preparing natural mineral fertilizer is: Attapulgite, chicken manure, beneficial microorganism.The preparation method of natural mineral fertilizer is by Attapulgite, chicken manure, beneficial microorganism mixed fermentation.Obtained natural mineral fertilizer can improve soil to a certain extent, improves quality of agricultural product.But Attapulgite is not poor through activation treatment heavy metal passivation effect in this natural mineral fertilizer, the harmful microorganism that chicken manure exists in addition may be removed not thorough, and chicken manure collects difficulty, and this certainly will will increase cost of investment.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming prior art, a kind of preparation method of modified attapulgite is provided and is the method that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent with modified attapulgite.Present method while effective passivation heavy metal-polluted soil, can provide necessary organic and inorganic nutriment for the growth of farm crop, reduces the use of chemical fertilizer, thus reaches the object improving soil natural ecologic structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The preparation method of a kind of modified attapulgite of the present invention, it comprises the following steps:
A Attapulgite is placed in a reservoir by (), then add 1 ~ 4mol/l hydrochloric acid in a reservoir, wherein hydrochloric acid: the ratio of Attapulgite is 3ml:1g ~ 5ml:1g;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15 ~ 30min by (), microwave power is 30 ~ 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 ~ 7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05 ~ 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100 ~ 200 DEG C, grind and cross 100 ~ 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of modification.
Of the present invention a kind of be the method that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent with modified attapulgite, it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification are added in the stalk after pulverizing, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 40% ~ 60%, stalk massfraction is 40% ~ 60%, and probiotics addition is 0.2% ~ 1% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, add appropriate water again, the water ratio of mixture is made to be 30% ~ 50%, then be 50 ~ 70 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 0.5 ~ 1h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 7 ~ 10 days, obtained soil improvement agent product;
The preparation method of the Attapulgite of the modification in described step (2) is:
A Attapulgite is placed in a reservoir by (), then add 1 ~ 4mol/l hydrochloric acid in a reservoir, wherein hydrochloric acid: the ratio of Attapulgite is 3ml:1g ~ 5ml:1g;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15 ~ 30min by (), microwave power is 30 ~ 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 ~ 7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05 ~ 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100-200 DEG C, grind and cross 100 ~ 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite product of modification.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. one of the raw material Attapulgite of modifying agent is natural matter, and domestic rich reserves, wide material sources, compare other methods for curing heavy metal contamination in soil, cost is lower.
2. Attapulgite has unreactiveness, the feature of environmental protection is good, secondary pollution can not be produced, and containing multiple beneficial trace element in Attapulgite, comprise: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, copper, zinc, silicon, selenium, iodine, strontium, lithium etc., can be absorbed by plants and utilize, promote the growth of plant, improve the quality of agricultural-food.
3. the Attapulgite that microwave acidification is modified has special nanoporous crystalline structure, effectively can improve the physical properties of soil, particularly increase soil to the transparent performance of moisture, its water-retentivity can be increased to sand, its water-permeable can be increased to the sticky soil that heavily hardens; Attapulgite also has very strong adsorptivity and inner specific surface area, can control and the nutrient in fixing soil, prevent the nutrient loss in soil and impoverishment.
4. soil improvement agent process heavy metal-polluted soil of the present invention is effective, and the adsorptive power through the Attapulgite heavy metal ion of microwave acidification modification increases greatly, and in soil, plant can utilize state heavy metal content significantly to reduce, and passivation effect is steady in a long-term.
5. rural area waste crop straws is prepared soil improvement agent as raw material by the present invention, not only solves the pollution problem that traditional burning brings, also stalk is become fertilizer, and realize turning waste into wealth, soil fertility significantly improves.
6. the organic nutriment in stalk is adsorbed on Attapulgite duct by the present invention, and modifying agent is applied in soil can slow releasing nutrient wherein, can reach fertilizer conservation, effect that joint is fertile.
7. present invention process route is simple, mild condition, is easy to large-scale and produces and application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing Attapulgite Electronic Speculum figure;
Fig. 2 is the preparation flow sketch of the preparation method of a kind of modified attapulgite of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the preparation flow sketch of soil improvement agent of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The preparation method of of the present invention a kind of modified attapulgite as shown in Figure 2, it comprises the following steps:
A Attapulgite is placed in a reservoir by (), then add 1 ~ 4mol/l hydrochloric acid in a reservoir, wherein hydrochloric acid: the ratio of Attapulgite is 3:1 ~ 5:1 (ml:g);
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15 ~ 30min by (), microwave power is 30 ~ 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 ~ 7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05 ~ 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100 ~ 200 DEG C, grind and cross 100 ~ 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of modification.
It is the method that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent that of the present invention more than one as shown in Figure 3 state modified attapulgite, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification are added in the stalk after pulverizing, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 40% ~ 60%, stalk massfraction is 40% ~ 60%, and probiotics addition is 0.2% ~ 1% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, add appropriate water again, the water ratio of mixture is made to be 30% ~ 50%, then be 50 ~ 70 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 0.5 ~ 1h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 7 ~ 10 days, obtained soil improvement agent product;
The preparation method of the Attapulgite of the modification in described step (2) is:
A Attapulgite is placed in a reservoir by (), then add 1 ~ 4mol/l hydrochloric acid in a reservoir, wherein hydrochloric acid: the ratio of Attapulgite is 3:1 ~ 5:1 (ml:g);
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15 ~ 30min by (), microwave power is 30 ~ 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 ~ 7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05 ~ 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100-200 DEG C, grind and cross 100 ~ 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite product of modification.
The adsorptive power of the Attapulgite heavy metal ion of microwave acidification modification improves greatly, and its reason is:
A. Attapulgite is after acid soak, and Attapulgite internal tetrahedrons and octahedron are partly dissolved, and number of perforations increases, and specific surface area increases, and absorption property strengthens;
B. contain impurity in Attapulgite duct as carbonate etc., can remove through acidification the impurity be distributed in duct, duct is dredged;
C. due to the positively charged ion interchangeability of Attapulgite, the H+ that radius is less displaces interlayer portion K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ plasma, enlarged hole volume.
Embodiment 1
Prepare modified attapulgite, concrete steps are:
A () gets 20g attapulgite in beaker, add the hydrochloric acid of 60mL-1mol/l;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15min by (), microwave power is 30w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100 DEG C, grind and cross 100 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of microwave acidification modification.
Get contaminated soil, test Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils content: Cd-16.2mg/kg, Cu-191.3mg/kg, Hg-3.6mg/kg, Cr-340.7mg/kg, Zn-386.5mg/kg, As-56.9mg/kg, Pb-412.2mg/kg.
Mixed with contaminated soil by the modified attapulgite of above-mentioned preparation to detect the passivation effect of heavy metal-polluted soil and carry out, concrete steps are as follows:
Take the above-mentioned contaminated soil that 3 parts of quality are 1kg, be labeled as A, B, C.C is blank contaminated soil.In A, B, add the Attapulgite product of modification in the unmodified attapulgite of 10g and this enforcement of 10g respectively, above-mentioned two kinds of Attapulgite and soil are mixed respectively, drenches into appropriate water, ensure that soil moisture content is 25% ~ 40%.In addition, the water into equivalent is also drenched in C.Keep 30 days, within 30 days, survey heavy metal-polluted soil leaching content afterwards, measuring result sees the following form:
| Numbering | Cd/mg | Cu/mg | Hg/mg | Cr/mg | Zn/mg | As/mg | Pb/mg |
| A | 5.512 | 171.60 | 3.142 | 270.52 | 345.53 | 46.43 | 364.80 |
| B | 4.03 | 121.84 | 1.804 | 192.54 | 205.73 | 31.51 | 192.84 |
| C | 15.88 | 188.42 | 3.24 | 336.32 | 376.5 | 54.5 | 400.38 |
As can be seen from the above table: unmodified and through microwave acidification modification Attapulgite all has passivation effect to heavy metal in soil, but increase due to number of perforations through the Attapulgite of microwave acidification modification, surface-area increases, adsorptive power strengthens, so the passivation effect of its heavy metal is better than unmodified Attapulgite.
The modified attapulgite adopting this enforcement to prepare is that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) add in the stalk after pulverizing by the Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 40%, and stalk massfraction is 60%, and probiotics addition is 0.2% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, drench into appropriate water, make the water content of said mixture be 30%, then be 50 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 1h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 7 days, obtained soil improvement agent product.
The cash crop such as this soil improvement agent product is tested through big area, melon and fruit dish volume increase about 20%, the nutritional quality of crop products, exterior quality, commercial quality improve 1 grade.In fruit, Vitamin C content improves 20%, and soluble sugar improves 1-2 degree.The agricultural-food produced all can reach national green food, Organic food inspecting standard.And in the cash crop planting process such as melon and fruit dish, fertilizer application amount reduces about 10%.
Embodiment 2
Prepare modified attapulgite, concrete steps are:
A () gets 60g attapulgite in beaker, add the hydrochloric acid of 180mL-2mol/l;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 20min by (), microwave power is 40w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.06MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 150 DEG C, grind and cross 150 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of modification.
Get contaminated soil, after tested heavy metal in soil content: Cd-16.2mg/kg, Cu-191.3mg/kg, Hg-3.6mg/kg, Cr-340.7mg/kg, Zn-386.5mg/kg, As-56.9mg/kg, Pb-412.2mg/kg.
Mixed with contaminated soil by the modified attapulgite of above-mentioned preparation to detect the passivation effect of heavy metal-polluted soil and carry out, concrete steps are as follows:
Take the above-mentioned contaminated soil 1 part that quality is 1kg, be labeled as D.The Attapulgite product of the above-mentioned gained of 50g is added in D, contaminated soil and above-mentioned Attapulgite Product mix is even, drench into appropriate water, ensure that soil moisture content is 25% ~ 40%.Keep 30 days, within 30 days, survey heavy metal-polluted soil leaching content afterwards, measuring result sees the following form:
| Numbering | Cd/mg | Cu/mg | Hg/mg | Cr/mg | Zn/mg | As/mg | Pb/mg |
| D | 1.988 | 89.704 | 0.682 | 136.47 | 105.48 | 20.01 | 144.76 |
As can be seen from the above table: compared with the Attapulgite with the passivation of 1mol/L hydrochloric acid, because the Attapulgite number of perforations through the passivation of 2mol/L hydrochloric acid is more, specific surface area is larger, adsorptive power is stronger, thus the passivation ability of heavy metal is also better.
The modified attapulgite adopting this enforcement to prepare is that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) add in the stalk after pulverizing by the Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 50%, and stalk massfraction is 50%, and probiotics addition is 0.6% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, drench into appropriate water, make said mixture water content be 35%, then be 60 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 0.5h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 8 days, obtained soil improvement agent product.
The cash crop such as this soil improvement agent product is tested through big area, melon and fruit dish volume increase about 30%, the nutritional quality of crop products, exterior quality, commercial quality improve 1 grade.In fruit, Vitamin C content improves 20%, and soluble sugar improves 1-2 degree.The agricultural-food produced all can reach national green food, Organic food inspecting standard.And in the cash crop planting process such as melon and fruit dish, fertilizer application amount reduces about 14%.
Embodiment 3
Prepare modified attapulgite, concrete steps are:
A () gets 120g attapulgite in beaker, add the hydrochloric acid of 480mL-3mol/l;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 30min by (), microwave power is 45w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6.5 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 150 DEG C, grind and cross 200 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of modification.
Get contaminated soil, after tested heavy metal in soil content: Cd-16.2mg/kg, Cu-191.3mg/kg, Hg-3.6mg/kg, Cr-340.7mg/kg, Zn-386.5mg/kg, As-56.9mg/kg, Pb-412.2mg/kg.
Mixed with contaminated soil by the modified attapulgite of above-mentioned preparation to detect the passivation effect of heavy metal-polluted soil and carry out, concrete steps are as follows:
Take the above-mentioned contaminated soil 1 part that quality is 1kg, be labeled as E.The modified attapulgite product of the above-mentioned gained of 100g is added in E, contaminated soil and Attapulgite Product mix is even, drench into appropriate water, ensure that soil moisture content is 25% ~ 40%.Keep 30 days, within 30 days, survey heavy metal-polluted soil leaching content afterwards, measuring result sees the following form:
| Numbering | Cd/mg | Cu/mg | Hg/mg | Cr/mg | Zn/mg | As/mg | Pb/mg |
| E | 0.1763 | 10.16 | 0.1575 | 17.16 | 25.79 | 6.31 | 81.66 |
With the Attapulgite of 3mol/l hydrochloric Acid Modification, heavy metal-polluted soil passivation effect is very good.Indices all meets national soil quality secondary standard: ensure agriculture production, safeguard the soil limits value of HUMAN HEALTH.Secondary standard: Cd-0.3mg/kg, Cu-50mg/kg, Hg-0.3mg/kg, Cr-150mg/kg, Zn-200mg/kg, As-30mg/kg, Pb-250mg/kg.And test period of the present invention 30 days, can think that the be modified heavy metal of Attapulgite passivation is more stable, be not easy to be absorbed by plants again.
The modified attapulgite adopting this enforcement to prepare is that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) add in the stalk after pulverizing by the Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 55%, and stalk massfraction is 45%, and probiotics addition is 1% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, drench into appropriate water, the water content of said mixture is made to be 40%, then be 60 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 0.8h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 10 days, obtained soil improvement agent product.
The cash crop such as this soil improvement agent product is tested through big area, melon and fruit dish volume increase about 60%, the nutritional quality of crop products, exterior quality, commercial quality improve 1 grade.In fruit, Vitamin C content improves 30%, and soluble sugar improves 1-2 degree.The agricultural-food produced all can reach national green food, Organic food inspecting standard.And in the cash crop planting process such as melon and fruit dish, fertilizer application amount reduces about 20%.
Embodiment 4
Prepare modified attapulgite, concrete steps are:
A () gets 100g attapulgite in beaker, add the hydrochloric acid of 500mL-4mol/l;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 30min by (), microwave power is 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.065MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 200 DEG C, grind and cross 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of modification.Get contaminated soil, after tested heavy metal in soil content:
Mixed with contaminated soil by the modified attapulgite of above-mentioned preparation to detect the passivation effect of heavy metal-polluted soil and carry out, concrete steps are as follows:
Get the above-mentioned contaminated soil 1 part that quality is 1kg, be labeled as F.In F, add the above-mentioned modified attapulgite product of 80g (hcl acidifying of 4mol/l, microwave activation 30min), modified attapulgite product is mixed with contaminated soil, drenches into appropriate water, ensure that soil moisture content is 25% ~ 40%.Keep 30 days, within 30 days, survey heavy metal-polluted soil leaching content afterwards, measuring result sees the following form:
| Numbering | Cd/mg | Cu/mg | Hg/mg | Cr/mg | Zn/mg | As/mg | Pb/mg |
| F | 2.71 | 110.94 | 1.179 | 176.76 | 264.12 | 30.58 | 105.92 |
As can be seen from the above table: too high due to hydrochloric acid, by octahedral cations in the Attapulgite of 4mol/L hcl acidifying modification near when dissolving completely, tetrahedral structure loses support and causes structure collapses, specific surface area declines, cation-adsorption-passivation effect declines to a great extent, even to major part heavy metal ion adsorbed-absorption-passivation effect of the hydrochloric acid of passivation effect ratio 2mol/l is also poor.But, compared with unmodified Attapulgite, obviously more excellent to the adsorptive power of heavy metal-polluted soil with the Attapulgite of 4mol/L hcl acidifying modification.
The modified attapulgite adopting this enforcement to prepare is that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) add in the stalk after pulverizing by the Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 60%, and stalk massfraction is 40%, and probiotics addition is 1% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, drench into appropriate water, the water ratio of said mixture is made to be 50%, then be 70 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 1h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 8.5 days, obtained soil improvement agent product.
The cash crop such as this soil improvement agent product is tested through big area, melon and fruit dish volume increase about 18%, the nutritional quality of crop products, exterior quality, commercial quality improve 1 grade.In fruit, Vitamin C content improves 20%, and soluble sugar improves 1-2 degree.The agricultural-food produced all can reach national green food, Organic food inspecting standard.And in the cash crop planting process such as melon and fruit dish, fertilizer application amount reduces about 8%.
Above embodiment has carried out concrete description to method of the present invention, but content of the present invention is not restricted to above case study on implementation, as long as not exceeding in main scope of the present invention, can change flexibly experiment condition and method.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for modified attapulgite, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
A Attapulgite is placed in a reservoir by (), then add 1 ~ 4mol/l hydrochloric acid in a reservoir, wherein hydrochloric acid: the ratio of Attapulgite is 3ml:1g ~ 5ml:1g;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15 ~ 30min by (), microwave power is 30 ~ 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 ~ 7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05 ~ 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100 ~ 200 DEG C, grind and cross 100 ~ 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite of modification.
2. be the method that main raw material prepares soil improvement agent with modified attapulgite, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the crops stalk crushing of drying;
(2) Attapulgite of modification and probiotics bacterial classification are added in the stalk after pulverizing, wherein modified attapulgite massfraction is 40% ~ 60%, stalk massfraction is 40% ~ 60%, and probiotics addition is 0.2% ~ 1% of Attapulgite and stalk total mass;
(3) Attapulgite of modification, probiotics bacterial classification and the stalk after pulverizing are mixed, add appropriate water again, the water ratio of mixture is made to be 30% ~ 50%, then be 50 ~ 70 DEG C of bottom fermentations in temperature, carry out machinery every 0.5 ~ 1h in fermenting process to stir, ferment 7 ~ 10 days, obtained soil improvement agent product;
The preparation method of the Attapulgite of the modification in described step (2) is:
A Attapulgite is placed in a reservoir by (), then add 1 ~ 4mol/l hydrochloric acid in a reservoir, wherein hydrochloric acid: the ratio of Attapulgite is 3ml:1g ~ 5ml:1g;
B the above-mentioned Attapulgite be soaked in hydrochloric acid is placed in microwave field microwave activation 15 ~ 30min by (), microwave power is 30 ~ 50w;
C the above-mentioned Attapulgite crossed through acidifying and microwave activation is loaded elution device, with water wash to washing water pH=6 ~ 7 by ();
The above-mentioned washed Attapulgite of (d) suction filtration under vacuum tightness is 0.05 ~ 0.08MPa condition;
E Attapulgite that above-mentioned suction filtration obtains by () is dried at 100-200 DEG C, grind and cross 100 ~ 300 mesh sieve, obtains the Attapulgite product of modification.
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