Wire drawing machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material during tensile equipment, particularly relate to a kind of stretcher of electric wire metal wire rod.
Background technology
Wire drawing machine in electric wire production equipment is front road production equipment indispensable in electric wire production process, and the wire rod such as copper, the aluminium drawing-down elongation under the effect of certain pulling force as electric wire conductive core material is reached required wire diameter specification by it.The form of wire drawing machine has multiple, its conventional form realizes wire-drawing operation by pulling wheel, pulling wheel is arranged on wire drawing machine, pulling wheel is circumferentially provided with wire drawing guide groove, on each pulling wheel, corresponding wire drawing guide groove is arranged in same plane, to treat that the wire rod of Wire Drawing to be from first to last wound on each pulling wheel in corresponding wire drawing guide groove successively respectively, wire rod is equivalent to wire rod to be relatively fixed on pulling wheel after reeling on wire drawing guide groove, from first to last carry with the rotation of pulling wheel, wire rod reels and after being relatively fixed on pulling wheel on wire drawing guide groove, namely the speed discrepancy of adjacent two pulling wheels provides pulling force wire rod drawing-down extended, this part wire rod be wound in wire drawing guide groove rotates the effect that substantially can not be subject to pulling force with each pulling wheel, and just produce with the rotation of pulling wheel from the input of inlet wire side again from the dynamic transport motion that outgoing line side exports, this length of wire between adjacent two pulling wheels then can form the difference of linear velocity because of the speed discrepancy between two pulling wheels, the linear velocity of input side is less than the linear velocity exporting side, thus this section of wire rod will produce plastic deformation thus be extended by drawing-down, its diameter change accurately can be controlled by the die throat diameter of the wire drawing eye mould arranged between adjacent two pulling wheels, after multiple pulling wheel, treat that the wire rod of Wire Drawing progressively will be reached required size by drawing-down, such wire drawing mode and corresponding wire-drawing equipment are widely used.
Along with the progress of technology, the desired value of wire-drawing equipment speed of production and efficiency is being improved constantly, also more and more higher to the requirement of product quality, when adapting to such needs, the wire rod that above-mentioned wire-drawing equipment is produced often occurs that there is the phenomenon of damage on surface, cause the difference of product quality, sometimes also there will be the mutual line ball of the wire rod be wound in wire drawing guide groove overlapping, the extreme case of broken string is even had to occur, and on inspection these phenomenons generation with input treat that the wire quality of wire drawing there is no direct correlation, these are all to the output of wire-drawing equipment, efficiency and wire drawing quality cause larger impact.The analysis carried out for above-mentioned phenomenon shows, treat that the wire rod of wire drawing is wound on each pulling wheel in corresponding wire drawing guide groove successively respectively, the number of turns that on same pulling wheel, input side wire rod and the axial location residing for outlet side wire rod and gauge or diameter of wire and wire rod reel in wire drawing guide groove is relevant, and be arranged in the same plane axially vertical with pulling wheel due to wire drawing guide groove corresponding on each pulling wheel, make like this wire rod actual motion between adjacent two pulling wheels path direction can with the axial out of plumb of pulling wheel, there is certain misalignment angle, gauge or diameter of wire is larger, the number of turns that wire rod reels in wire drawing guide groove is more, so the misalignment angle that produces of the path direction of wire rod actual motion and the axial out of plumb of pulling wheel is also larger.The theoretical path run between adjacent two pulling wheels in wire rod drawing process we be referred to as the wire drawing path of wire rod, wire rod is in the process stretched, owing to being subject to enough large pulling force, its theoretic wire drawing path is always with pulling wheel axis perpendicular, if the Actual path of wire rod has deflection, in drawing process, the actual motion path of wire rod just naturally can to wire drawing path convergence, namely can be tending towards axially vertical with pulling wheel, that is on same pulling wheel, the axial location of the wire rod of input side or outlet side all can the close trend of the axial location of oriented the other side, this just causes wire rod has mutual extruding in wire drawing guide groove, this extruding mutually can cause the friction of wire rod when entering or leave wire drawing guide groove with pulling wheel rotation and between the adjacent wire rod be wound in wire drawing guide groove, the existence of this friction obviously can cause the damage of wire surface, this damage can affect product quality on the one hand, injury region stress may be caused on the other hand in follow-up continuous drawing process to concentrate, damage defect is amplified gradually, until produce fracture, the existence of this friction also can make enhanced stretch resistance become large, increases stretching power attenuation and causes the waste of power, the wire rod of surface damage also can cause extra wearing and tearing to pulling wheel, wire drawing die etc., increases the loss of machine material and standby redundancy, reduces production efficiency, increases production cost.In addition, on same pulling wheel, the wire rod axial location of input side or outlet side even also can produce line ball to the trend that the axial location of the other side is close when serious, namely the overlap of wire rod in reeling, this can cause wire rod to be directly pulled off in running, produces larger loss.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned deficiency existing for prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of wire drawing machine, and it can avoid mutual extruding and the friction of wire rod in wire drawing guide groove in drawing process, to ensure the raising of product quality.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of wire drawing machine of the present invention, comprises some pulling wheels, and pulling wheel is by wire drawing wheel shaft rotating support on transmission case, and wire drawing wheel shaft and drive motors are in transmission connection; Pulling wheel from first to last at least forms a line on transmission case sidewall, and described transmission case sidewall is obliquely installed relative to wire drawing path; The transmission case sidewall be obliquely installed is provided with some installation end faces for installing wire drawing wheel shaft, end face and wire drawing path parallel are installed; The axial line of described wire drawing wheel shaft is vertical with installation end face; The each installation end face being positioned at pulling wheel side Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively; Described pulling wheel is at least provided with a wire drawing guide groove, wire drawing guide groove corresponding on same row pulling wheel also from first to last Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively.
In said structure, the theoretical path of described wire drawing path for running between adjacent two pulling wheels in wire rod drawing process, this wire drawing path and pulling wheel axis perpendicular, because described transmission case sidewall is obliquely installed relative to wire drawing path, the transmission case sidewall be then obliquely installed be ensure the actual motion path of wire rod in drawing process and wire drawing path conformity provide basic guarantee, the pulling wheel that transmission case sidewall from first to last forms a line axially will produce certain dislocation relative to the inclination in wire drawing path at pulling wheel due to transmission case sidewall, such dislocation can make wire drawing guide groove corresponding on adjacent two pulling wheels can adapt to the distance of wire rod axial location residing for input side wire rod and outlet side wire rod on pulling wheel, and can reel to enter the input of next pulling wheel with the direction of pulling wheel axes normal after making wire rod input winding output again on a upper pulling wheel, on two pulling wheels, the axial location of wire rod constrained input on respective wire drawing guide groove is relatively consistent, the actual motion path of wire rod also just can be consistent with wire drawing path.Again owing to being provided with some installation end faces for installing wire drawing wheel shaft on the transmission case sidewall be obliquely installed, end face and wire drawing path parallel are installed, the axial line of described wire drawing wheel shaft is vertical with installation end face, the each installation end face being positioned at pulling wheel side Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively, then wire drawing wheel shaft is by installing end face and wire drawing wheel shaft rotating support hole rotating support after transmission case sidewall, can ensure that the pulling wheel be arranged on each wire drawing wheel shaft from first to last formed a line on transmission case sidewall can axially produce corresponding dislocation at pulling wheel, thus the actual motion path of wire rod and the uniformity in wire drawing path can be ensured.Also owing to being at least provided with a wire drawing guide groove on described pulling wheel, wire drawing guide groove corresponding on same row pulling wheel also from first to last Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively, then corresponding on same row pulling wheel wire drawing guide groove also from first to last successively laterally Heterogeneous Permutation ensure that the actual motion path of wire rod in drawing process and the uniformity in wire drawing path, wire rod inputs on wire drawing guide groove, after winding, can export from the direction with pulling wheel axes normal, and to enter in the corresponding wire drawing guide groove of next pulling wheel to the direction of pulling wheel axes normal, wire drawing flow process is completed so successively after each pulling wheel stretches, wire rod in whole drawing process in each wire drawing guide groove there will not be the deviation in actual motion path and wire drawing path, also would not occur that the axial location of the wire rod of input side or outlet side in wire drawing guide groove can the close trend of the axial location of oriented the other side, therefore the adjacent wire rod be wound in wire drawing guide groove also would not produce contact, wire rod more can not be caused in wire drawing guide groove to have mutual extruding, the friction of wire rod when entering or leave wire drawing guide groove with pulling wheel rotation and between the adjacent wire rod be wound in wire drawing guide groove also just no longer may produce, thus ensure that the raising of product quality.
A kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described transmission case sidewall is 1 ° to 5 ° relative to the tilt angle alpha in wire drawing path.Adopt this embodiment, 1 ° to 5 ° transmission case sidewall can adapt to the requirement of the magnitude of misalignment that the pulling wheel that from first to last forms a line on transmission case sidewall axially produces at pulling wheel relative to the angle of inclination in wire drawing path, this magnitude of misalignment can ensure want the maximum gauge wire rod of Wire Drawing reel on pulling wheel required for the number of turns after, the actual motion path of wire rod can be consistent with the wire drawing path of wire rod, thus guarantee extruding and the friction of avoiding wire rod in wire drawing guide groove in drawing process.
Another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the installation end face of described transmission case the same side from first to last lines up one to four row; Be positioned at each installation end face successively to the inside Heterogeneous Permutation of pulling wheel relative to side.Adopt this embodiment can meet the installation requirement of multiple row pulling wheel, and pulling wheel relative to side each installation end face successively to the inside Heterogeneous Permutation each correspondence of transmission case both sides can be made to install between end face keep relatively uniform axial distance, be convenient to manufacture and the installation of wire drawing wheel shaft.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention, on same row, adjacent two install 1 to 8 times that end face is drawn gauge or diameter of wire at the distance A of pulling wheel axile displacement.Adopt this embodiment, the installation foundation with enough magnitude of misalignment can be provided for being arranged on adjacent two pulling wheels installed on end face, thus ensure the dislocation requirement of corresponding wire drawing guide groove on adjacent two pulling wheels.
The further preferred embodiment of the present invention, each pulling wheel from first to last lines up one to four row in transmission case side.Adopt this embodiment, can many-headed wire be realized and increase drawing head number as far as possible, improving the production efficiency of wire drawing machine.
Another further preferred embodiment of the present invention, 1 to 8 times that the corresponding adjacent two wire drawing guide grooves of same row pulling wheel are drawn gauge or diameter of wire at the distance B of pulling wheel axile displacement.Adopt this embodiment, the corresponding adjacent two wire drawing guide grooves of this same row pulling wheel reel in wire drawing guide groove at the wire rod that the distance of pulling wheel axile displacement can meet wanted wire drawing the requirement of 1 to 4 circle, and ensure there is certain gap between adjacent wire rod in wire drawing guide groove, thus extruding and the friction of avoiding wire rod in wire drawing guide groove in drawing process can be ensured.
The another further preferred embodiment of the present invention, each pulling wheel is provided with one to ten two wire drawing guide groove.Adopt this embodiment, each row pulling wheel can be made simultaneously to stretch maximum 12 wire rods, enhance productivity.
The present invention is preferred embodiment further, and described wire drawing guide groove groove bottom is round table surface, and the bus of wire drawing guide groove bottom land round table surface and the angle β of pulling wheel axial line are 0.5 °-1.5 °, and wire drawing guide groove bottom land round table surface is obliquely installed laterally.Adopt this embodiment, the wire drawing guide groove of the round table surface bottom land be obliquely installed laterally can make the wire rod be wound on this wire drawing guide groove have a kind of axial thrust load laterally, this axial thrust load and the axis that wire rod reels in wire drawing guide groove move towards consistent, the trend of the oriented movement outside of the wire rod in wire drawing guide groove is made when not increasing added force, spacing between wire rod in such wire drawing guide groove at least will maintain original state, and can not trend towards drawing close each other, thus further avoid extruding and the friction of wire rod in wire drawing guide groove in drawing process.
Another further preferred embodiment of the present invention, described pulling wheel comprises wire drawing wheel body and is set in the external ceramic jacket of pulling wheel, and described wire drawing guide groove is arranged at ceramic jacket outer ring.Adopt this embodiment, wire drawing guide groove position anti-wear performance can be greatly improved, and is also more conducive to the raising of product quality, and the ceramic jacket being provided with wire drawing guide groove can be changed easily, and the service life of whole pulling wheel will be longer.
The another further preferred embodiment of the present invention, is provided with wire drawing eye mould between adjacent two pulling wheels, and wire drawing eye mould is supported on described installation end face by wire drawing die holder.Adopt this embodiment, wire drawing eye mould can ensure the radial dimension that in drawing process, each wire drawing section stretches, thus improves the quality of products, and wire drawing die holder is arranged on installation end face, is convenient to the position dimension relation ensureing wire drawing eye mould and wire drawing guide groove.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with
accompanying drawingwith specific embodiment, wire drawing machine of the present invention is described in further detail.
fig. 1be a kind of detailed description of the invention of wire drawing machine of the present invention overlook direction structure signal
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fig. 2be
fig. 1the partial enlargement of shown structure
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fig. 3be
fig. 1a to looking
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fig. 4be
fig. 1b to looking
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fig. 5be
fig. 1shown in partial enlargement signal after the cutting open of structure
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fig. 5the structural representation of transmission case in shown structure
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in figure: 1-wire drawing path, 2-transmission case, 3-pulling wheel, 4-install end face, 5-wire drawing die holder, 6-wire drawing wheel shaft, 7-gap bridge wheel shaft, 8-wire drawing eye mould.
Detailed description of the invention
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fig. 1extremely
fig. 6in shown wire drawing machine, the theoretical path of wire drawing path 1 for running between adjacent two pulling wheels 3 in wire rod drawing process, in drawing process, enter a pulling wheel 3 until the wire rod of Wire Drawing and reel to export after a few on this pulling wheel 3 and enter next pulling wheel 3 and export after winding, owing to being subject to the effect of wire drawing pulling force, wire rod runs on next pulling wheel 3 between input point the beeline of theoretical path necessarily between two adjacent pulling wheels 3 from the output point a pulling wheel 3 in theory, therefore the traffic direction of wire rod in this beeline is wire drawing path 1.That is, wire drawing path 1 be with on adjacent two pulling wheels 3 the cylindrical at the position that reels tangent and with the line segment of pulling wheel 3 central axis, the theoretical draw direction in the direction that this wire drawing path 1 is run i.e. wire rod drawing process.
Transmission case 3 is basic components of whole wire drawing machine, each workpiece of wire drawing machine is all bearing on transmission case, transmission case 3 is rectangular-shaped bathtub construction, the two side of transmission case 3 is parallel to each other and is obliquely installed relative to wire drawing path 1, the sidewall of transmission case 3 is 1 ° to 5 ° relative to the tilt angle alpha that wire drawing path 1 tilts, and usual range is between 1.5 ° to 2.5 °.
Transmission case 3 sidewall be obliquely installed is provided with some installation end faces 4 for installing wire drawing wheel shaft 6, the plane of this installation end face 4 for being rectangle, the axial line of wire drawing wheel shaft 6 is vertical with installation end face 4, installs end face 4 parallel with wire drawing path 1; Upper and lower two row are from first to last lined up at the installation end face 4 of transmission case 2 the same side; Each installation end face 5 of same row Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively on the sidewall being positioned at pulling wheel 3 side, each installation end face 4 of same row Heterogeneous Permutation to the inside successively on the sidewall being positioned at the relative side of pulling wheel 3, each installation end face 4 forming station scalariform of the same row after Heterogeneous Permutation;
as Fig. 6shown in, on same row, adjacent two to install end faces 4 at the distance A of pulling wheel 3 axile displacement be exactly the distance that two of stepped installs between the step surface that formed of end faces 4, and this distance A is taken as 1 to 8 times of drawn gauge or diameter of wire.
Pulling wheel 3 is main working parts of wire drawing machine, pulling wheel 3 to be fixedly mounted on wire drawing wheel shaft 6 and by wire drawing wheel shaft 6 rotating support on the sidewall of transmission case 2, each pulling wheel 3 from first to last lines up upper and lower two row on transmission case 2 sidewall, each pulling wheel 3 correspondence is positioned on an installation end face 4, same row pulling wheel 3 does not also mean that the axial line of wherein each pulling wheel 3 is necessarily in the same plane, and only represent that this row pulling wheel 3 correspondence stretches the wire rod of certain radical simultaneously, the radical of its wire rod simultaneously stretched is corresponding with the quantity of wire drawing guide groove 33 set on pulling wheel 3, pulling wheel 3 described in the present embodiment is provided with eight wire drawing guide grooves 33, namely mean that each row pulling wheel 3 can stretch eight wire rods simultaneously, wire drawing guide groove 33 corresponding on same row pulling wheel 3 is the wire drawing guide groove 33 be on corresponding axial location participating in stretching on each pulling wheel 3 of same wire rod, wire drawing guide groove 33 corresponding on same row pulling wheel 3 also from first to last Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively, 1 to 8 times that its adjacent two wire drawing guide grooves 33 are drawn gauge or diameter of wire at the distance B of pulling wheel 3 axile displacement.
Pulling wheel 3 is main working parts of wire drawing machine, pulling wheel 3 to be fixedly mounted on wire drawing wheel shaft 6 and by wire drawing wheel shaft 6 rotating support on the sidewall of transmission case 2, each pulling wheel 3 from first to last lines up upper and lower two row on transmission case 2 sidewall, each pulling wheel 3 correspondence is positioned on an installation end face 4, same row pulling wheel 3 does not also mean that the axial line of wherein each pulling wheel 3 is necessarily in the same plane, and only represent that this row pulling wheel 3 correspondence stretches the wire rod of certain radical simultaneously, the radical of its wire rod simultaneously stretched is corresponding with the quantity of wire drawing guide groove set on pulling wheel 3, pulling wheel 3 described in the present embodiment is provided with eight wire drawing guide grooves, namely mean that each row pulling wheel 3 can stretch eight wire rods simultaneously, wire drawing guide groove corresponding on same row pulling wheel 3 is the wire drawing guide groove be on corresponding axial location participating in stretching on each pulling wheel 3 of same wire rod, wire drawing guide groove corresponding on same row pulling wheel 3 also from first to last Heterogeneous Permutation laterally successively, 1 to 8 times that its adjacent two wire drawing guide grooves are drawn gauge or diameter of wire at the distance B of pulling wheel 3 axile displacement.
as Fig. 5shown in, between adjacent two pulling wheels 3, be provided with wire drawing eye mould 8, wire drawing eye mould 8 is supported on described installation end face 4 by wire drawing die holder 5.The nib of wire drawing eye mould 8 is centrally located on wire drawing path 1, wire drawing wheel shaft 6 position in transmission case 2 is provided with helical gear, connected by gap bridge Helical gear Transmission between adjacent two wire drawing wheel shafts 6, gearratio on adjacent two wire drawing wheel shafts 6 between helical gear is exactly the draw ratio of wire rod between this two adjacent pulling wheel 3, gap bridge helical gear is arranged on gap bridge wheel shaft 7, the two ends rotating support of gap bridge wheel shaft 7 is on transmission case 2 two side, at least one wire drawing wheel shaft 6 or gap bridge wheel shaft 7 are in transmission connection with drive motors, each pulling wheel 3 of usual whole wire drawing machine is from first to last divided into two parts, driven by two drive motors respectively, also anti-inversion organization is provided with in drive path, during to avoid meeting special circumstances, pulling wheel 3 reverses and the wire rod inverted running on pulling wheel 3 is caused confusion.
Below detailed description of the invention more of the present invention are only listed, but the present invention is not limited to this, more improvement and conversion can also be made, as described in pulling wheel 3 from first to last may not be on transmission case 2 sidewall and line up upper and lower two row, but form a line, three row or four row; Each pulling wheel 3 may not be and be provided with eight wire drawing guide grooves 33, and can be that one to seven or nine are to the arbitrary number in 12; Each ceramic jacket 32 may not be and arranges two wire drawing guide grooves 33, and can be each ceramic jacket 32 is arranged on a wire drawing guide groove 33 or each ceramic jacket 32 to arrange three to ten two wire drawing guide grooves 33; Correspondingly, each pulling wheel 3 may not be correspondence and is positioned on an installation end face 4, and can be that in two row pulling wheels 3, neighbouring two pulling wheel 3 correspondences are positioned on an installation end face 4, can also be that in same row pulling wheel 3, adjacent two pulling wheel 3 correspondences in left and right are positioned on an installation end face 4; Like this, the installation end face 4 on described same sidewall may not be lines up two row, and can be form a line, three row or four row.And so on, as long as improvement done on its general principles basis and conversion, all should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the present invention.