CN105165439B - It is a kind of to downgrade the tree-like pruning method of red bayberry - Google Patents
It is a kind of to downgrade the tree-like pruning method of red bayberry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of dwarfing red bayberry tree-like pruning method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：(1), branch is classified first, following several classes are divided into all branches of strawberry tree：Vertical branch, descending branch, flattened branch, upper tiltedly branch, interior thorax branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch, branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest；(2), wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；(3) 80 90% vertical branch, is wiped out；(4) 10% 70% upper oblique branch, is wiped out；(5) 10% 20% descending branch, flattened branch, interior thorax branches, are wiped out.Using the method for the present invention, the tree-like dwarfing of strawberry tree can be not only realized, while improves the commodity rate and single plant yield of fruit, so as to also improve the yield of unit area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, concretely belongs to the method downgraded using pruning method to red bayberry.
Background technology
Red bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc) category Myruca ceas (Myricaceae) Myrica(Myrica) (Myrica L.)
Plant, is the special product treasure fruit of south China, and good greening and Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, is generally planted in south China mountain red earth
With yellow earth soil property, cultivation optimum pH is between 4.5-5.5.At present, red bayberry is under natural suitable condition, strawberry tree it is tree-like
Height be 5-8 rice, the width of tree crown is 4-5 rice, due to it is tree-like up to, the harvesting of this Waxberry fruit brings no small tired
Difficulty, in addition, for some setting cultivations, the tree-like cost for adding cultivation up to.
This is necessary to provide a kind of new method to be downgraded to the tree-like of red bayberry, while does not influence the unit of red bayberry
The yield of area, while improve the quality and commodity rate of Waxberry fruit.
The content of the invention
For the deficiency of conventional art, the present invention provides a kind of method of new trimming strawberry tree, and this method can be downgraded
Red bayberry is tree-like, reaches per unit area yield, the advantageous effects that commodity rate all improves.This method comprises the following steps：(1), first to branch
Bar is classified, and is divided into following several classes to all branches of strawberry tree：Vertical branch, descending branch, flattened branch, it is upper tiltedly branch, interior thorax branch,
Intersect branch, overlapping branch, branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest；(2), wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersection
Branch, overlapping branch；(3) 80-90% vertical branch, is wiped out；(4) 10%-70% upper oblique branch, is wiped out；(5) 10%-20%, is wiped out
Overstocked descending branch, flattened branch, interior thorax branch.
Preferably, 60%-70% upper oblique branch is wiped out；Preferably, 30%-50% upper oblique branch is wiped out.
Preferably, wipe out 80 or 90% vertical branch.
Preferably, the kind of the red bayberry is life in 12 years ' east chief ' strawberry tree.
Preferably, described vertical branch is raw in the middle part of tree crown, and growing way is vigorous, vertical growth, with the horizontal 90 ±
The raw above branch in 1 year of 10 ° of Zhi Jing≤1cm.
Preferably, described descending branch is raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, with the horizontal 0 ° and ＞ -45 ° of ＜
Branch (here, angle above the horizon is 0-180 degree, and the angle below horizontal line is 0-180 degree).
Preferably, described flattened branch is raw in the middle part of tree crown, is stretched all one's life, with ° Qie≤10 ° of Shui Ping Mian Cheng≤0
Branch.
Preferably, described upper tiltedly branch is raw in tree crown middle and upper part, upward raw stretching, extension, with the horizontal 10 ° of ＞ and
The branch that 80 ° of ＜.
Preferably, described interior thorax branch is the branch of the raw pumping on inner canopy, all Zhi Jing≤1cm major branch
Bar.
Preferably, described intersection branch is raw in tree crown periphery, the branch to be intersected with another branch.
Preferably, described overlapping branch is raw peripheral in tree crown, with the equitant branch of another branch.
Preferably, described branch of riding is raw peripheral in tree crown, in the branch of another branch back pumping.
Preferably, described deadwood is all withered branches in tree crown；Preferably, the residual branch of described disease pest is in tree crown
It is all because disease, insect pest or it is natural, artificial caused by it is heavier, it is light, or the branch of any injury.
Figure of description：
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of red bayberry different type branch in an embodiment of the invention.Wherein 10 be major branch,
20 be cella branch, and 30 be vertical branch, and 40 be upper oblique branch, and 50 be branch all one's life, and 60 be descending branch, in addition horizontal line (or horizontal plane) 70
Refer to the lines parallel with red bayberry growth ground level or face, according to the standard, all main branches of red bayberry are classified
And carry out different degrees of modification.
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of new method, obtains optimal branch trimming ratio, can effectively control the dwarfing of strawberry tree
And result ahead of time, increase the yield (unit area) of red bayberry and improve the quality and commodity rate of red bayberry.
Describe in detail
Definition：
Vertical branch：Life in the middle part of tree crown, growing way is vigorous, vertical growth, with the horizontal 90 ± 10 ° of Zhi Jing≤1cm
1 year raw above branch.
Descending branch：Raw in tree crown middle and lower part, sagging growth, with the horizontal 0 ° and ＞ -45 ° of branches of ＜.
Flattened branch：Raw in the middle part of tree crown, stretch all one's life, the branch with ° Qie≤10 ° of Shui Ping Mian Cheng≤0.
Upper oblique branch：Raw in tree crown middle and upper part, upward raw stretching, extension, with the horizontal 10 ° of ＞ and 80 ° of ＜ branch.
Interior thorax branch：Raw in inner canopy, all major branch (Zhi Jing≤1cm) on pumping branch.
Intersect branch：Raw in tree crown periphery, the branch to be intersected with another branch.
Overlapping branch：It is peripheral in tree crown life, with the equitant branch of another branch.
Ride branch：It is peripheral in tree crown life, in the branch of another branch back pumping.
Deadwood：All withered branches in tree crown.
The residual branch of disease pest：In tree crown it is all because disease, insect pest or it is natural, artificial caused by it is heavier, it is light, or any wound
Harmful branch.
Scope in the middle part of tree crown is：It is to instruct the position among the division relatively of tree crown upper, middle and lower.
The periphery of tree crown：Refer to tree crown four Mondays ring around position.
Inner canopy：Refer to position relatively middle inside tree crown.
Stand ground harvesting rate；Refer to that can realizes the harvesting of Waxberry fruit on the ground for the personnel station of harvesting, without
Climbing trees are carried out by instruments such as ladders, and such part realizes convenient harvesting, also ensure that the security of personnel in addition.
Pass through embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to achieve the dwarfing of strawberry tree.
Embodiment
Examples of implementation 1：Different pruning methods are to the yield of the individual plant of red bayberry, quality, commodity rate, the influence of Dwarf Effect on Dwarf.
Experiment material
Trying material kind is：Life in 12 years ' east chief ' red bayberry.Wherein, check variety is to be born within 12 years ' east chief ' red bayberry so grown
Tree.Height of tree crown is 4.8-5.1 rice, and tree crown width is 3.5-6.2 rice.
For the experiment strawberry tree of the present invention also for life in 12 years ' east chief ' red bayberry, the method by the present invention changes the red bayberry downgraded
Tree, amended strawberry tree is handled (according to the trimming to wattles shown in Fig. 1, concrete modification according to following distinct methods
Mode and degree are shown in each processing), each processing (including control), counts yield, the commodity rate of individual plant in triplicate；It is single
The substance of the fruit of plane product.It is each to handle parallel progress, and carry out simultaneously, carry out phase for amended strawberry tree and control
Same water and fertilizer management, their growing environment and condition is allowed to be consistent as far as possible.
Wherein dwarfing rate is calculated as follows：(average heights of average height-processing trees of control trees) ÷ control trees
The average height of wood.
Specific processing is as follows：
Handle for the first time：
Processing 1：Only wipe out 40% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；
Processing 2：Only wipe out 60% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；
Processing 3：Only wipe out 80% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；
Processing 4：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；
In managing in this place, the residual branch of branch, deadwood, disease pest that only carries out riding, intersect branch, the different proportion of overlapping branch is wiped out,
Other branches keep constant, without any trimming.
As a result：
Table 1：Difference rides the residual branch of branch, deadwood, disease pest, intersection branch, overlapping secateurs except the influence of ratio
There is upper table to can be seen that carry out treatment thereto, the dwarfing of strawberry tree can not be realized substantially, however, it is possible to relatively
The single plant yield of strawberry tree and average commodity rate are improved, single fruit weight is also increased in addition.
Second of processing：
Processing 5：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 20% vertical branch.
Processing 6：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 40% vertical branch.
Processing 7：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 60% vertical branch.
Processing 8：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% vertical branch.
Processing 9：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 90% vertical branch.
In managing in this place, the optimal processing mode in first time processing is only carried out, while carry out the upright of different proportion
Branch is wiped out；Other branches keep constant.
As a result：
Table 2：Influence of the subduction ratio of different vertical branch to strawberry tree
As can be seen that carrying out the trimming of as above method, red bayberry fruit tree realizes dwarfing, while the production of individual plant for the processing more than
Amount and commodity rate are also improved.Particularly, under using the trim mode for handling 8, strawberry tree is allowed with realizing whole stations
Harvesting, and single plant yield and commodity rate are improved, because single plant yield improves, due to tree-like dwarfing, the poplar of unit area
Plum yield is also improved (specific data summary).By our comparative test, the yield for finding the unit area of processing 8 is pair
According to 2-3 times of strawberry tree unit area, and commodity rate greatly improves.
Third time is handled：
Processing 10：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 10%-20% upper oblique branch.
Processing 11：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 30%-50% upper oblique branch.
Processing 12：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 60%-70% upper oblique branch.
As a result：
Table 3：Influence of the subduction ratio of oblique branch to strawberry tree is not same as above
As can be seen that carrying out the trimming of as above method, red bayberry fruit tree realizes dwarfing, while the production of individual plant for the processing more than
Amount and commodity rate are also improved.Particularly, under using the trim mode for handling 10-12, strawberry tree is allowed to realize whole
Pluck with standing, moreover, single plant yield and commodity rate relative comparison are improved.
Fourth process：
Processing 13：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 30%-50% upper oblique branch；Wipe out 50%-60% descending branch, flattened branch, interior thorax branch.
Processing 14：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 30%-50% upper oblique branch；Wipe out the overstocked descending branches of 30%-40%, flattened branch, interior thorax branch.
Processing 15：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 30%-50% upper oblique branch；Wipe out the overstocked descending branches of 10%-20%, flattened branch, interior thorax branch.
Processing 16：Wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；Wipe out 80% it is upright
Branch；Wipe out 30%-50% upper oblique branch；The descending branch of reservation 100%, flattened branch, interior thorax branch.
Table 4：The influence of different descending branches, flattened branch, the subduction ratio of interior thorax branch to strawberry tree.
The processing more than all realizes red bayberry dwarfing fruit trees as can be seen that the trimming of the as above method of progress, while individual plant
Yield and commodity rate are also maintained at certain level.Particularly, under using the trim mode for handling 13-16, strawberry tree is allowed to realize
Pluck to whole stations, moreover, single plant yield and commodity rate relative comparison are improved.
In addition, for thinking that the best processing of effect has carried out the investigation of Waxberry fruit quality in every group of processing, as a result see
Following table.
Table 5：Influence of each different disposal to red bayberry quality.
As can be seen from the table above, by different modification modes, the quality of Waxberry fruit can be improved, especially
, processing 11 can improve the solid material of fruit with processing 15.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of downgrade the tree-like pruning method of red bayberry, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
(1), branch is classified first, all branches of strawberry tree are divided into following several classes：It is vertical branch, descending branch, flattened
Branch, upper tiltedly branch, interior thorax branch, intersection branch, overlapping branch, branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest；
(2), wipe out 100% branch of riding, deadwood, the residual branch of disease pest, intersect branch, overlapping branch；
(3) 80-90% vertical branch, is wiped out；
(4) 10%-70% upper oblique branch, is wiped out；
(5) 10%-20% descending branches, flattened branch, interior thorax branch, are wiped out.
2. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, wipe out 60%-70% upper oblique branch；Or wipe out the upper of 30%-50%
Oblique branch.
3. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, wipe out 80% or 90% vertical branch.
4. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, the kind of the red bayberry is life in 12 years ' east chief ' strawberry tree.
5. according to the method for claim 1, wherein, described vertical branch is raw in the middle part of tree crown, and growing way is vigorous, uprightly
Growth, with the horizontal 90 ± 10 ° of Zhi Jing≤1cm 1 year raw above branch；Described descending branch is under giving birth in tree crown
Portion, sagging growth, with the horizontal 0 ° and ＞ -45 ° of branches of ＜；Described flattened branch is raw in the middle part of tree crown, is stretched all one's life
Exhibition, the branch with ° Qie≤10 ° of Shui Ping Mian Cheng≤0；Described upper tiltedly branch is that life is stretched in tree crown middle and upper part, upward life, with
Horizontal plane is into 10 ° of ＞ and 80 ° of ＜ branch；Described interior thorax branch is raw on inner canopy, all Zhi Jing≤1cm major branch
Pumping branch；Described intersection branch is raw in tree crown periphery, the branch to be intersected with another branch；Described overlapping branch
To be raw peripheral in tree crown, with the equitant branch of another branch；Described branch of riding is raw peripheral in tree crown, in another branch
The branch of bar back pumping；Described deadwood is all withered branches in tree crown；The residual branch of described disease pest is to own in tree crown
Because disease, insect pest or it is natural, artificial caused by heavier or light injury branch.
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| CN107593143A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-01-19 | 郑德剑 | Open form pruning method in a kind of wax-apple |
| CN106489647B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-03-05 | 慈溪市林特技术推广中心 | Red bayberry branch trims maintenance process |
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| CN100569064C (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2009-12-16 | 李国华 | The shaping and trimming method of fruit tree |
| CN103975812B (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2015-05-20 | 福建省春天园林工程有限公司 | Full-crown transplantation and growing method for waxberry trees |
| CN104303801B (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-11 | 袁昌选 | A kind of oil tea is downgraded the breeding method of multi-branched nursery stock |
| CN104521659B (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-09-21 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of Cortex Myricae Rubrae (Cortex Myricae Esculentae) pruning method being easy to hang fly net |
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