CN105137649B - 一种液晶显示面板 - Google Patents

一种液晶显示面板 Download PDF

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CN105137649B
CN105137649B CN201510694979.1A CN201510694979A CN105137649B CN 105137649 B CN105137649 B CN 105137649B CN 201510694979 A CN201510694979 A CN 201510694979A CN 105137649 B CN105137649 B CN 105137649B
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liquid crystal
display panel
crystal display
membrane substrates
color membrane
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CN105137649A (zh
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崔宏青
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
TCL Huaxing Photoelectric Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/897,735 priority patent/US20170336686A1/en
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Abstract

根据发明的液晶显示面板包括阵列基板、彩膜基板和位于二者之间的液晶夹层，其中，在所述彩膜基板的朝向所述液晶夹层的表面上或在所述彩膜基板的远离所述液晶夹层的表面上设有光电功能层，所述光电功能层能够影响光波的偏振状态，同时能够产生电性屏蔽效应。以此方式，所述光电功能层既可以作为偏振片，也可以作为电性屏蔽层，集两种功能于一身，使得整个液晶显示面板的制程更加简单。

Description

一种液晶显示面板
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶显示面板。
背景技术
关于显示器的电性屏蔽技术，现有技术中大致存在以下三种情况。
第一种情况：对于目前被广泛应用的边缘场切换式液晶显示装置(Fringe fieldswitching-Liquid Crystal Display,FFS-LCD)而言，其像素电极和公共电极都位于液晶盒的下玻璃基板(阵列基板)，上玻璃基板(彩膜基板)上没有任何电极层。因此，当液晶盒的外表面上有静电荷的累积时，很容易产生附加的电场，影响液晶分子的排列，从而导致显示画面异常，即产生画异。对此，一般的处理方法是，额外在上玻璃基板(彩膜基板)的表面设置电性屏蔽层以做电性屏蔽处理。该电性屏蔽层的材料可以采用导电的氧化物，例如铟锡氧化物(ITO)、锑氧化物(antimony oxide)、锡氧化物(tin oxide)、鋅氧化物(zinc oxide)以及其他的金属氧化物或者合金氧化物等；电性屏蔽层的材料也可以采用纳米导电材料，例如碳纳米管；电性屏蔽层还可以采用聚合物导电膜、导电墨水、导电颗粒或导电棒等等。这些材料所定位的层可以位于彩膜基板的上表面或者下表面，也可以位于偏光片的某层结构中，或者位于上偏光片与玻璃盖板相粘结的胶层中。
第二种情况：对于采用外挂式触控结构的液晶显示装置而言，电性屏蔽层可以避免数据驱动电极的耦合电场对外挂触控的信号造成影响。
第三种情况：对于采用内嵌式触控结构的液晶显示装置而言，电性屏蔽层也是必不可少的，它可以有效地屏蔽由外界电荷累积造成的静电累积电场对于触摸信号的影响，后者会引起信噪比下降。
在第一种情况中，电性屏蔽层的阻抗值越小越好：阻抗小，意味着屏幕表面累积的静电荷可以快速导出，以此来避免静电电场的干扰影响。在第二种情况中，对于电性屏蔽层的要求，与第一种情况一样：由于电容屏与显示屏幕是分离的，手指触控电容屏时，可以顺畅操作，电容屏的扫描和检测信号会被位于其下层的电性屏蔽层屏蔽，以此方式避免干扰到显示屏幕中液晶分子的畸变，同时显示屏幕的数据信号也会由于位于其上层的电性屏蔽层的存在，而不会耦合影响到触屏的信号。在上述第三种情况中，对于电性屏蔽层的阻抗要求则与第一种情况和第二种情况不尽相同：由于触摸功能层内嵌于显示屏幕内，如果电性屏蔽层的阻抗过低，会屏蔽手指的触摸感应，使触摸灵敏度大大降低，甚至丧失触摸功能；但是如果电性屏蔽层的阻抗过高，又不能有效隔绝噪音，使信噪比下降严重。
图1显示了现有技术中的一种液晶显示面板100。参照图1，液晶显示面板100从下至上依次包括下偏光片101、阵列基板102(包括薄膜晶体管阵列、触摸传感器以及公共电极或接地电极107)、液晶夹层(图中未示出)、彩膜基板103、上偏光片104以及电性屏蔽层105。其中电性屏蔽层105通过银桨106电连接到公共电极或接地电极107。这种情况中，在制造工序上，首先在上偏光片104的表面制作电性屏蔽层105，然后贴附上偏光片104，再点银桨106。可见，图1所示的液晶显示面板100工序繁杂、厚度较大、成本偏高，同时，其中容易造成误差的步骤较多。
图2显示了图1中液晶显示面板100的电性屏蔽层105与上偏光片104的三醋酸纤维层104.1的接合处的局部放大图。从图2可清楚地看出，在液晶显示面板100中，电性屏蔽层105中包括多个导电高分子105.1，而整个电性屏蔽层105设置在上偏光片104的三醋酸纤维层104.1上，图2清楚地显示了二者的接合处。
图3显示了现有技术中的另一种液晶显示面板200。液晶显示面板200从下至上依次包括下偏光片201、阵列基板202(包括薄膜晶体管阵列、触摸传感器以及公共电极或接地电极207)、液晶夹层(图中未示出)、彩膜基板203、电性屏蔽层205以及上偏光片204。其中电性屏蔽层205通过银桨206电连接到公共电极或接地电极207。这种情况中，在制造工序上，首先在彩膜基板203的上表面制作电性屏蔽层205(例如通过蒸镀或溅射氧化铟锡(ITO)电性屏蔽层来完成)，再点银桨206，然后贴附上偏光片204。可见，图3所示的液晶显示面板200同样工序繁杂、厚度较大、成本偏高，同时，其中容易造成误差的步骤较多。
综上所述，在上述图1和图3所示的两种现有技术中的液晶显示面板中，由于除了上偏光片104、204的固有结构之外，还分别附加了一层导电高分子层105或者金属氧化物205。由于附加了导电高分子层105或者导电金属氧化物205，会造成一定的穿透率的损失，所以面板的穿透率会随之降低。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中的问题，即现有技术中的液晶显示面板阻抗难以控制且降低光线穿透率，本发明提出了一种改进的液晶显示面板。
在一个实施方式中，根据发明的液晶显示面板包括阵列基板、彩膜基板和位于二者之间的液晶夹层，其中，在所述彩膜基板的朝向所述液晶夹层的表面上或在所述彩膜基板的远离所述液晶夹层的表面上设有光电功能层，所述光电功能层能够影响光波的偏振状态，同时能够产生电性屏蔽效应。以此方式，所述光电功能层既可以作为偏振片，也可以作为电性屏蔽层，集两种功能于一身，使得整个液晶显示面板的制程更加简单。
在一个实施方式中，所述光电功能层在与显示区域相对应的位置处设置为金属线栅结构。显示区(Active Area,AA)内的金属线栅结构层的阻抗可以通过金属层的厚度控制。如此一来，对于背景技术部分所介绍的第一种情况和第二种情况而言(要求阻抗低)，金属线栅结构层内的金属厚度可以比较厚。也可以调整金属层的宽度，例如增加金属层的宽度。对于背景技术部分所介绍的第三种情况而言(要求阻抗比较高)，可以将金属线栅结构层的厚度降低，或者减小金属线栅层的宽度，从而调节金属线栅的阻抗到一个适中的水准。
在一个实施方式中，所述光电功能层在与显示面板边缘所对应的位置处包括与所述金属线栅结构连通的金属边框，所述金属线栅结构和所述金属边框在同一层中同时形成图案。AA区以外的金属连通层(金属边框)可以带来如下优势，即显示器表面累积的净电荷可以从四周各个位置点快速导出，相比较现有技术中的电性屏蔽层而言，所使用的导电介质具有更快的导电速率。
在一个实施方式中，所述金属边框电连接到公共电极或接地电极。
在一个实施方式中，通过点银桨使得所述金属边框跨接到位于阵列基板的粘接电路处的粘接垫上，所述粘接垫通过柔性电路板与外界的公共电极信号或接地信号相连。
在一个实施方式中，所述金属线栅结构由Al、Mo、Au、Cr的金属或者它们的合金材料构成。金属材料的导电特性不同于一般的无机或者有机材料，其导电阻抗比较小，合理地控制金属层的厚度，就可以得到大小适中的阻抗值。
在一个实施方式中，所述金属线栅结构为单层金属线栅结构或双层金属线栅结构。
在一个实施方式中，在所述单层金属线栅结构中，在所述彩膜基板的表面上设置有至少两条沿同一方向平行延伸的金属条，相邻的金属条之间相隔有线栅间隙，在垂直于所述彩膜基板的表面的方向上，所述金属条具有相同的高度。
在一个实施方式中，在所述双层金属线栅结构中，在所述彩膜基板的表面上设置有沿同一方向平行延伸的金属条和介质条各至少两条，所述金属条和所述介质条无间隙地交错排列，在所述介质条的远离所述彩膜基板的表面上再度覆盖有金属条。
在一个实施方式中，在垂直于所述彩膜基板的表面的方向上，所述金属条具有相同的尺寸，所述介质条的高度大于所述金属条的尺寸。
在这两种情况中，入射光的偏振方向主要包括平行于金属条和垂直于金属条两种情况；反射光的偏振方向主要包括平行于金属条的情况；透射光的偏振方向主要包括垂直于金属条的情况。
上述技术特征可以各种适合的方式组合或由等效的技术特征来替代，只要能够达到本发明的目的。
附图说明
在下文中将基于实施例并参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。其中：
图1显示了现有技术中的一种液晶显示面板；
图2显示了图1中液晶显示面板的电性屏蔽层与上偏光片的接合处的局部放大图；
图3显示了现有技术中的另一种液晶显示面板；
图4显示了根据本发明的液晶显示面板的结构示意图；
图5显示了根据本发明的液晶显示面板的第一实施例的电性屏蔽层；以及
图6显示了根据本发明的液晶显示面板的第二实施例的电性屏蔽层。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图4显示了根据本发明的液晶显示面板的结构示意图。
参照图4，在一个实施例中，根据本发明的液晶显示面板300包括阵列基板302、彩膜基板303和位于二者之间的液晶夹层(图中未示出)。在彩膜基板303的朝向液晶夹层的表面上或在彩膜基板303的远离液晶夹层的表面上设有光电功能层，该光电功能层能够影响光波的偏振状态，同时能够产生电性屏蔽效应。
进一步地，该光电功能层在与显示区域相对应的位置处设置为金属线栅结构304。金属线栅304之间具有线栅间隙305。该光电功能层在与显示面板边缘所对应的位置处包括与金属线栅结构304连通的金属边框312。结构上，可以使得金属线栅结构304和金属边框312在同一层中同时形成图案。
线栅结构的透射光的电场矢量垂直于线栅，我们称之为P光(或者TM波)，而线栅结构的反射光的电场矢量平行于线栅，我们称之为S光(或者TE光)。以金属铝作为金属线栅结构的金属材料为例：TE波光栅铝层等效折射率实部和虚部都比较大，铝层等效于金属膜，大部分的TE波被反射和吸收；而TM波铝层的等效折射率实部较大，虚部较小，铝层等效于具有微弱吸收性质的介质层，大部分的TM波穿透。金属线栅的周期节距一般小于可见光的波长，即其为亚波长金属线栅。
金属边框312可电连接到公共电极或接地电极。具体地，可以通过点银桨306使得金属边框312跨接到位于阵列基板302的粘接电路处的粘接垫307上。粘接垫307可通过柔性电路板与外界的公共电极信号或接地信号相连。从图4中可清楚看出，粘接垫307可位于数据驱动电路311的附近。
在材料构成方面，金属线栅结构304可由Al、Mo、Au、Cr的金属或者它们的合金材料构成。金属材料的导电特性不同于一般的无机或者有机材料，其导电阻抗比较小，合理地控制金属层的厚度，就可以得到大小适中的阻抗值。
在不同的情况中，金属线栅结构304可以为单层金属线栅结构或双层金属线栅结构。
图5显示了根据本发明的液晶显示面板的第一实施例的电性屏蔽层。在第一实施例中，金属线栅结构304为单层金属线栅结构。在单层金属线栅结构304中，在彩膜基板303的表面上设置有至少两条沿同一方向平行延伸的金属条304.3，相邻的金属条304.3之间相隔有线栅间隙305。在垂直于彩膜基板303的表面的方向上，金属条304.3具有相同的高度。在图5中可清楚地看到，入射光310的偏振方向主要包括平行于金属条304.3和垂直于金属条304.3两种情况；反射光308的偏振方向主要包括平行于金属条304.3的情况；透射光309的偏振方向主要包括垂直于金属条304.3的情况。
图6显示了根据本发明的液晶显示面板的第二实施例的电性屏蔽层。在第二实施例中，金属线栅结构304为双层金属线栅结构。在双层金属线栅结构中，在彩膜基板303的表面上设置有沿同一方向平行延伸的金属条304.2和介质条304.1各至少两条，金属条304.2和介质条304.1无间隙地交错排列，在介质条304.1的远离彩膜基板303的表面上再度覆盖有金属条304.2。介质条304.1为透光的。在第一层的金属条304.2两两之间相隔有间隙，该间隙由介质条304.1填充；在第二层的金属条304.2之间相隔有间隙313。观察图6，可清楚地看出，在垂直于彩膜基板303的表面的方向上，金属条304.2具有相同的尺寸，而介质条304.1的高度大于金属条304.2的尺寸。
在图6中还可清楚地看到，入射光310的偏振方向主要包括平行于金属条304.2和垂直于金属条304.2两种情况；反射光308的偏振方向主要包括平行于金属条304.2的情况；透射光309的偏振方向主要包括垂直于金属条304.2的情况。
将上述两种情况对比：在单层金属线栅结构中，在同一透明基板表面，只存在一个高度的金属线栅层；在双层金属线栅结构中，在同一透明基板表面，存在两种不同高度的金属线栅层交错排列。单就制程工艺而言，双层金属线栅结构的制程工艺更加简单。
综上所述，本发明提出了一种纳米金属线栅结构的偏振片，该偏振片可以是单层金属线栅结构，也可以是双层金属线栅结构。该金属线栅结构位于液晶盒的上玻璃基板、即彩色滤光膜基板。该金属线栅结构可以位于彩色滤光膜基板的上表面，也可以位于彩色滤光膜基板的下表面。在彩色滤光膜基板对应显示边缘区域(非显示开窗区域)的位置处，与金属线栅结构相连接的区域保留平面的金属层(即金属边框)，平面金属层区域可以用来点银桨，从而跨接到下玻璃基板的位于粘接电路(bonding IC)区域的粘接垫上。该粘接垫(bonding pad)可通过柔性电路板与外界主板电路相连，该粘接垫(bonding pad)可以通过柔性电路板连接到共电极信号，也可以连接到接地信号。
起到偏振作用的金属线栅结构只位于显示的开窗区(即显示的AA区，Activearea)，而上基板的对应于AA区以外的区域的位置处，设置有相互连通的金属层(即金属边框)，其可以在AA区形成金属线栅图案时一同形成。***的金属层可以通过导电银浆与下基板的公共电极或者接地电极相连。
根据本发明的液晶显示面板带来了诸多好处：
(1)金属线栅结构层既可以作为偏振片，也可以作为电性屏蔽层，集两种功能于一身，使得整个液晶显示面板的制程更加简单。
(2)显示区(Active Area,AA)内的金属线栅结构层的阻抗可以通过金属层的厚度控制。如此一来，对于背景技术部分所介绍的第一种情况和第二种情况而言(要求阻抗低)，金属线栅结构层内的金属厚度可以比较厚。也可以调整金属层的宽度，例如增加金属层的宽度。对于背景技术部分所介绍的第三种情况而言(要求阻抗比较高)，可以将金属线栅结构层的厚度降低，或者减小金属线栅层的宽度，从而调节金属线栅的阻抗到一个适中的水准。
(3)AA区以外的金属连通层(金属边框)可以带来如下优势，即显示器表面累积的净电荷可以从四周各个位置点快速导出，相比较现有技术中的电性屏蔽层而言，所使用的导电介质具有更快的导电速率。
虽然在本文中参照了特定的实施方式来描述本发明，但是应该理解的是，这些实施例仅仅是本发明的原理和应用的示例。因此应该理解的是，可以对示例性的实施例进行许多修改，并且可以设计出其他的布置，只要不偏离所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围。应该理解的是，可以通过不同于原始权利要求所描述的方式来结合不同的从属权利要求和本文中所述的特征。还可以理解的是，结合单独实施例所描述的特征可以使用在其他所述实施例中。

Claims (6)

1.一种液晶显示面板，其特征在于，包括阵列基板、彩膜基板和位于二者之间的液晶夹层，
其中，在所述彩膜基板的朝向所述液晶夹层的表面上或在所述彩膜基板的远离所述液晶夹层的表面上设有光电功能层，所述光电功能层能够影响光波的偏振状态，同时能够产生电性屏蔽效应，所述光电功能层在与显示区域相对应的位置处设置为金属线栅结构，所述金属线栅结构为双层金属线栅结构，在所述双层金属线栅结构中，在所述彩膜基板的表面上设置有沿同一方向平行延伸的金属条和介质条各至少两条，所述金属条和所述介质条无间隙地交错排列，在所述介质条的远离所述彩膜基板的表面上再度覆盖有金属条。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述光电功能层在与显示面板边缘所对应的位置处包括与所述金属线栅结构连通的金属边框，所述金属线栅结构和所述金属边框在同一层中同时形成图案。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述金属边框电连接到公共电极或接地电极。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，通过点银桨使得所述金属边框跨接到位于阵列基板的粘接电路处的粘接垫上，所述粘接垫通过柔性电路板与外界的公共电极信号或接地信号相连。
5.根据权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，所述金属线栅结构由Al、Mo、Au、Cr的金属或者它们的合金材料构成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其特征在于，在垂直于所述彩膜基板的表面的方向上，所述金属条具有相同的尺寸，所述介质条的高度大于所述金属条的尺寸。
CN201510694979.1A 2015-10-23 2015-10-23 一种液晶显示面板 Active CN105137649B (zh)

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CN106842691A (zh) 2017-03-31 2017-06-13 成都京东方光电科技有限公司 一种液晶显示面板及制作方法、显示装置
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CN109785746B (zh) * 2018-12-28 2022-02-01 友达光电（昆山）有限公司 一种显示装置
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