CN105136582A - Testing system and testing method of outburst-preventing bedrock buckling failure model of karst tunnel - Google Patents
Testing system and testing method of outburst-preventing bedrock buckling failure model of karst tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing system and a testing method of an outburst-preventing bedrock buckling failure model of a karst tunnel, which belong to the testing system and the testing method of a surrounding rock failure model under a hydraulic coupling action. The testing system of the outburst-preventing bedrock buckling failure model of the karst tunnel comprises a base, a round bearing frame, separated combination type uniformly-distributed loading devices, a bearing platform, an electro-hydraulic servo control actuator, an electro-hydraulic servo control box, a three-dimensional digital camera and three-dimensional sound emission devices; the separated combination type uniformly-distributed loading devices are utilized for loading a testing model in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; the electro-hydraulic servo control actuator is utilized for simulating water pressure of the rear side of a bedrock; the three-dimensional digital camera and the three-dimensional sound emission devices are utilized for monitoring and locating three-dimensional deformation and three-dimensional sound emission information of the testing model during a testing process. According to the testing system and the testing method of the outburst-preventing bedrock buckling failure model of the karst tunnel, disclosed by the invention, an engineering environment of an outburst-preventing bedrock is accurately simulated, the testing efficiency is increased, the testing time and the economic cost are reduced, and the accuracy of a testing result is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surrounding rock failure model assay systems and test method, particularly a kind of Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems and test method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the construction of Chinese large-sized underground works, water bursting disaster brings huge potential safety hazard and economic loss to engineering construction, and thus underground works gushing water problem has obtained increasing attention.Wherein a kind of common situation is, after Underground Space Excavation, the piestic water on rear side of country rock makes country rock be destroyed thus causes water bursting disaster.Rock mass between the underground space and piestic water is equivalent to protrusion-dispelling laccolite, can protrusion-dispelling laccolite keep the stable key becoming water bursting disaster and whether occur under the acting in conjunction of residing crustal stress states and rear side water pressure, meanwhile, very important directive function is had to the research of the deformation and damage characteristics of protrusion-dispelling laccolite under terrestrial stress and water pressure acting in conjunction for the prediction and prevention of underground works water bursting disaster.
Application number is that the patent of invention of CN200810031466 and " Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering " the 28th volume the 7th phase " the pilot system development of deep mining pressure-bearing gushing water mechanism scaled physical model and application " describe a kind of offshore mining top board seepage flow sudden inflow test method and device, but this device can only consider separately that when considering fluid structurecoupling rocks model can not apply Vertical Load to test model in level to the acting in conjunction of load and water pressure.
The utility model patent of application number to be the patent of invention of CN201510018120 and application number be CN201520026035 describes a kind of deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system and test method thereof, pilot system achieves the visuality of country rock failure evolvement feature in deep tunnel seepage flow, gushing water process, but this pilot system can not can only load the horizontal direction of model vertically loading of model.
The utility model patent of application number to be the patent of invention of CN201510179803 and application number be CN201520229367 describes a kind of visible model testing device and method of simulation tunnel gushing water, patent to have studied under different hydraulic pressure, different lithology, different preventing tor body thickness the expansion of protrusion-dispelling rock crack and water inrush channel forming process in gushing water process by rock analog material and high-pressure hydraulic pump, but this patent and method cannot to rock-like materials load applications, thus can not ambient stress residing for simulating nature rock mass.
Above-mentioned existing patent lays particular emphasis on formation and the country rock water fathering process of seepage channel in research flow event on the one hand to the research of underground works gushing water problem, and the research lacked the structural unstable failure of protrusion-dispelling laccolite under terrestrial stress and piestic water coupling, on the other hand, existing patent can not to model load application or the active load that can only apply a direction to model, and after this and Underground Engineering Excavation, country rock is in two and is not inconsistent to the engineering of stress state is actual.In addition, in existing Patent design, the scale of construction of model is all very large, and the process of deployment of test model is complicated, and involve great expense, require great effort time-consuming, test efficiency is lower, and test monitoring technology is accurate not.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems and test method thereof, the deformation-failure character of protrusion-dispelling laccolite under terrestrial stress and effect of water pressure in simulate formation engineering surrounding rock can be realized.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems comprises pedestal (1), circular carrier (2), the uniform charger of separate combination type (3), plummer (4), electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5), electro-hydraulic servo control case (6), 3-dimensional digital photographic means (7), three dimensional sound emitter (8), test model (9), lifting jack (10) and loading plate (11), circular carrier (2) is arranged on pedestal (1), circular carrier (2) is connected with the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) and plummer (4), the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) and plummer (4) form square compartment, plummer (4) is positioned at lower end, the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) is positioned at upper end and two ends, left and right and is made up of lifting jack (10) and loading plate (11), electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5) is had inside compartment, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5) utilizes self lifting jack (10) part load application, loading plate (11) forms test chamber, test model (9) is had in test chamber, test model pastes acoustic emission probe and connects three dimensional sound emitter (8), the control line of electro-hydraulic servo control case (6) is connected with the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) and electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5), has 3-dimensional digital photographic means (7) before test chamber.
Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems and test method thereof, comprise following test procedure:
1) according to the protrusion-dispelling laccolite character of Karst Tunnel in reality, test model is made according to test specific requirement, the size of model slightly larger than the size of load plate, and should process the upper and lower of model and side, four, left and right, to reach the object increasing skin-friction force;
2) test model to be placed on plummer and with plummer boundary alignment, at least two acoustic emission probes are pasted respectively on former and later two surfaces of model, and debug 3-dimensional digital photographic means clear picture, three dimensional sound emitter uses normal, and starts to start 3-dimensional digital photographic means and three dimensional sound emitter;
3) utilizing the uniform charger of separate combination type to load test model level and vertical direction by controlling electro-hydraulic servo control case after, according to terrestrial stress size and test design in engineering reality, being loaded on pre-constant load;
4) recycle electro-hydraulic servo control case and start electro-hydraulic servo control actuator, according to the size of water pressure in actual Karst Tunnel and test design, test model is loaded;
5) in test model loading procedure, three bit digital photographic means and the continual collection image of three dimensional sound emitter and data, the three dimensions distortion of Real-Time Monitoring test model model surface in loading procedure and three-dimensional acoustic emission information.
Beneficial effect, owing to have employed such scheme, separate combination type charger is made up of two to three lifting jack and a load plate, separate combination type charger and electro-hydraulic servo control actuator control by electro-hydraulic servo control case, in addition, the load plate of the uniform charger of separate combination type and the loading surface of test model will carry out increase friction treatment, reach the process increasing friction force between loading plate and test model.Described pilot system for the shape of test model be the rectangle matched with load plate size, utilize test model to represent protrusion-dispelling laccolite in Karst Tunnel; Loaded by the separate combination type uniform charger implementation model level of the electro-hydraulic servo control case Control experiment model left and right sides and upside and vertical direction, level respectively in Reality simulation rock mass and vertical stress, circular carrier is for bearing the bearing reaction produced in model loading procedure; Again by the electro-hydraulic servo control actuator in electro-hydraulic servo control case Control experiment model dead astern vertically to test model load application, the hydraulic pressure load be used in Reality simulation Karst Tunnel on rear side of protrusion-dispelling laccolite.The three dimensions distortion of 3-dimensional digital photographic means and three dimensional sound emitter monitoring sample model surface and three-dimensional acoustic emission information is utilized in loading procedure.
Circular carrier is that round outside but spuare inside design makes the stress distribution in carrier more even; The uniform charger of described separate combination type connects two to three lifting jack by a load plate and forms, object be make in loading procedure stressed more even on test model loading surface, in addition, the uniform charger of separate combination type has three, and they all can load sample model separately.
Corresponding sensor is built-in with in the loading termination of electro-hydraulic servo control actuator, can Real-Time Monitoring record the displacement of load that electro-hydraulic servo control actuator applies test model and termination.
Test model is the strata model representing protrusion-dispelling laccolite in Karst Tunnel, and the shape of test model is rectangle, but the change of its size, as long as more bigger than the size of load plate in the uniform charger of separate combination type.Meanwhile, the rock body types that test model can be simulated also is various, such as hard and compact rock mass, loose ground, rockmass, containing defect rock mass etc.
The load plate of the uniform charger of separate combination type and the loading surface of test model will carry out increase friction treatment, reach the object increasing friction force between load plate and test model, and this processing mode is not unique, such as can be coated with the potpourri of one deck epoxy resin and sand to test model on the surface that will load, the technique such as sandblasting, ball blast can be carried out to load plate and process.
3-dimensional digital photographic means is to the omnidistance shooting in test model surface in process of the test, and compared with taking a picture with ordinary numbers, 3-dimensional digital camera technique can realize carrying out monitored over time analysis to test model three dimensions displacement field.Described three dimensional sound emitter is by pasting at least two acoustic emission probes respectively in model front and rear surfaces, and in experimentation, whole process records the characteristics of Acoustic Emission of test model and carries out Acoustic Emission location.
Advantage: the present invention can realize carrying out independently level and vertically loading to model, the engineering stress environment residing for simulation protrusion-dispelling laccolite; Test model can be prefabricated in advance, improves test efficiency, saved economy and the time cost of test; Have employed more advanced 3-dimensional digital camera technique and three dimensional sound lift-off technology as monitoring means simultaneously, add the accuracy of test findings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems schematic diagram.
The circular carrier schematic diagram of Fig. 2.
The uniform charger schematic diagram of Fig. 3 separate combination type.
Fig. 4 Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems sectional view (part).
In figure, 1, pedestal; 2, circular carrier; 3, the uniform charger of separate combination type; 4, plummer; 5, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator; 6, electro-hydraulic servo control case; 7,3-dimensional digital photographic means; 8, three dimensional sound emitter; 9, test model; 10, lifting jack; 11, loading plate.
Embodiment
Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems comprises pedestal 1, circular carrier 2, the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type, plummer 4, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5, electro-hydraulic servo control case 6,3-dimensional digital photographic means 7, three dimensional sound emitter 8, test model 9, lifting jack 10 and loading plate 11; Circular carrier 2 is arranged on pedestal 1, circular carrier 2 is connected with the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type and plummer 4, the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type forms square compartment with plummer 4, plummer 4 is positioned at lower end, the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type is positioned at upper end and two ends, left and right and is made up of lifting jack 10 and loading plate 11, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5 is had inside compartment, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5 utilizes self lifting jack 10 part load application, loading plate 11 forms test chamber, has test model 9 in test chamber; Test model pastes acoustic emission probe and connects three dimensional sound emitter 8, the control line of electro-hydraulic servo control case 6 is connected with the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type and electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5, has 3-dimensional digital photographic means 7 before test chamber.
Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems and test method thereof, comprise following test procedure:
1) according to the protrusion-dispelling laccolite character of Karst Tunnel in reality, test model is made according to test specific requirement, the size of model slightly larger than the size of load plate, and should process the upper and lower of model and side, four, left and right, to reach the object increasing skin-friction force;
2) test model to be placed on plummer and with plummer boundary alignment, at least two acoustic emission probes are pasted respectively on former and later two surfaces of model, and debug 3-dimensional digital photographic means clear picture, three dimensional sound emitter uses normal, and starts to start 3-dimensional digital photographic means and three dimensional sound emitter;
3) utilizing the uniform charger of separate combination type to load test model level and vertical direction by controlling electro-hydraulic servo control case after, according to terrestrial stress size and test design in engineering reality, being loaded on pre-constant load;
4) recycle electro-hydraulic servo control case and start electro-hydraulic servo control actuator, according to the size of water pressure in actual Karst Tunnel and test design, test model is loaded;
5) in test model loading procedure, three bit digital photographic means and the continual collection image of three dimensional sound emitter and data, the three dimensions distortion of Real-Time Monitoring test model model surface in loading procedure and three-dimensional acoustic emission information.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1: Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, comprise pedestal 1, circular carrier 2, the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type, plummer 4, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5, electro-hydraulic servo control case 6,3-dimensional digital photographic means 7 and three dimensional sound emitter 8, also have test model 9 in addition.Circular carrier schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, the round outside but spuare inside on the whole structure of carrier makes the stress distribution in model loading procedure in test unit more even, has good bearing capacity.The uniform charger schematic diagram of separate combination type as shown in Figure 3, separate combination type charger 3 is made up of two to three lifting jack 10 and a load plate 11, the loading surface of load plate 11 and test model 9 will carry out increase friction treatment, reaches the object increasing friction force between loading plate 11 and test model 9.Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems sectional view (part) as shown in Figure 4, the shape of test model 9 is the rectangles matched with load plate size, utilizes test model 9 to represent protrusion-dispelling laccolite in Karst Tunnel; Loaded by the separate combination type uniform charger 3 implementation model level of electro-hydraulic servo control case 6 Control experiment model 9 left and right sides and upside and vertical direction, the level respectively in Reality simulation rock mass and vertical stress; Electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5 is controlled vertically to test model 9 load application again, the hydraulic pressure load be used in Reality simulation Karst Tunnel on rear side of protrusion-dispelling laccolite by electro-hydraulic servo control case 6.In addition, 3-dimensional digital photographic means 7 and three dimensional sound emitter 8 are for monitoring the three dimensions distortion of sample model surface and three-dimensional acoustic emission information in loading procedure.
Separate combination type charger 3 is made up of two to three lifting jack and a load plate, separate combination type charger 3 and electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5 control by electro-hydraulic servo control case 6, in addition, the load plate of the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type and the loading surface of test model 9 will carry out increase friction treatment, increase friction force between loading plate and test model 9.
The loading object of described pilot system is rectangular test model 9, and the circular carrier 2 of outermost portion is circular design, and structure round outside but spuare inside on the whole makes the stress distribution in model loading procedure in test unit more even, has good bearing capacity.
The uniform charger 3 of described separate combination type is made up of two to three lifting jack and a load plate, the design of two to three lifting jack can make the load assignment on model load-bearing face more consistent compared with when one, and utilize a load plate two to three lifting jack to be connected into an overall design, ensure that the consistent of lifting jack jacking amount on same loading surface, be also in order to ensure load that in model loading procedure, model is subject to evenly.
The size of described load plate can need to carry out changing according to test model 9 size of reality, and the size of load plate should be slightly less than the size of test model 9, prevents from mutually extruding between load plate in loading procedure.
The uniform charger 3 of described separate combination type has three, lay respectively at the left and right sides and the upside of test model 9, described three chargers are separate, can apply level and vertical load respectively to test model 9, the stress state of different directions in Reality simulation rock mass.
Corresponding sensor is built-in with in the loading termination of described electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5, can Real-Time Monitoring record the displacement of load that the electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5 pairs of test models 9 apply and termination.
Described test model 9 is the strata models representing protrusion-dispelling laccolite in Karst Tunnel, and the shape of test model 9 is rectangle, but the change of its size, if than load plate in the uniform charger 3 of separate combination type size slightly greatly.Meanwhile, the rock body types that test model 9 can be simulated also is various, such as hard and compact rock mass, loose ground, rockmass, containing defect rock mass etc.
The load plate of the uniform charger 3 of described separate combination type and the loading surface of test model 9 will carry out increase friction treatment, reach the object increasing friction force between load plate and test model, and this processing mode is not unique, such as can be coated with the potpourri of one deck epoxy resin and sand to test model 9 on the surface that will load, the technique such as sandblasting, ball blast can be carried out to load plate and process.
Described 3-dimensional digital photographic means 7 is to the omnidistance shooting in test model surface in process of the test, and compared with taking a picture with ordinary numbers, 3-dimensional digital camera technique can realize carrying out monitored over time analysis to test model three dimensions displacement field.Described three dimensional sound emitter 8 is by pasting at least two acoustic emission probes respectively in model front and rear surfaces, and in experimentation, whole process records the characteristics of Acoustic Emission of test model 9 and carries out Acoustic Emission location.
Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems and test method thereof, comprise following test procedure:
1) according to the protrusion-dispelling laccolite character of Karst Tunnel in reality, test model 9 is made according to test specific requirement, the size of model slightly larger than the size of load plate 11, and should process the upper and lower of model and side, four, left and right, to reach the object increasing skin-friction force;
2) test model 9 to be placed on plummer 4 and with plummer boundary alignment, at least two acoustic emission probes are pasted respectively on former and later two surfaces of model, and debug 3-dimensional digital photographic means 7 clear picture, three dimensional sound emitter 8 uses normally, and starts to start 3-dimensional digital photographic means 7 and three dimensional sound emitter 8;
3) utilizing the uniform charger of separate combination type 3 pairs of test model 9 levels and vertical direction to load by controlling electro-hydraulic servo control case 6 after, according to terrestrial stress size and test design in engineering reality, being loaded on pre-constant load;
4) recycle electro-hydraulic servo control case 6 and start electro-hydraulic servo control actuator 5, according to the size of water pressure in actual Karst Tunnel and test design, test model 9 is loaded;
5) in test model 9 loading procedure, three bit digital photographic means 7 and the continual collection image of three dimensional sound emitter 8 and data, the three dimensions distortion of Real-Time Monitoring test model 9 model surface in loading procedure and three-dimensional acoustic emission information.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems, is characterized in that: pilot system comprises pedestal (1), circular carrier (2), the uniform charger of separate combination type (3), plummer (4), electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5), electro-hydraulic servo control case (6), 3-dimensional digital photographic means (7), three dimensional sound emitter (8), test model (9), lifting jack (10) and loading plate (11), circular carrier (2) is arranged on pedestal (1), circular carrier (2) is connected with the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) and plummer (4), the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) and plummer (4) form square compartment, plummer (4) is positioned at lower end, the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) is positioned at upper end and two ends, left and right and is made up of lifting jack (10) and loading plate (11), electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5) is had inside compartment, electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5) utilizes self lifting jack (10) part load application, loading plate (11) forms test chamber, test model (9) is had in test chamber, test model pastes acoustic emission probe and connects three dimensional sound emitter (8), the control line of electro-hydraulic servo control case (6) is connected with the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) and electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5), has 3-dimensional digital photographic means (7) before test chamber.
2. the test method of a kind of Karst Tunnel protrusion-dispelling laccolite unstable failure model assay systems according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise following test procedure:
1) according to the protrusion-dispelling laccolite character of Karst Tunnel in reality, test model (9) is made according to test specific requirement, the size of model slightly larger than the size of load plate, and should process the upper and lower of model and side, four, left and right, to reach the object increasing skin-friction force;
2) test model (9) is placed on plummer (4) upper and with plummer boundary alignment, at least two acoustic emission probes are pasted respectively on former and later two surfaces of model, and debug 3-dimensional digital photographic means (7) clear picture, three dimensional sound emitter (8) uses normal, and starts to start 3-dimensional digital photographic means (7) and three dimensional sound emitter (8);
3) the uniform charger of separate combination type (3) is utilized to load test model (9) level and vertical direction by controlling electro-hydraulic servo control case (6) after, according to terrestrial stress size and test design in engineering reality, be loaded on pre-constant load;
4) recycle electro-hydraulic servo control case (6) and start electro-hydraulic servo control actuator (5), according to the size of water pressure in actual Karst Tunnel and test design, test model (9) is loaded;
5) in test model (9) loading procedure, three bit digital photographic means (7) and the continual collection image of three dimensional sound emitter (8) and data, the three dimensions distortion of Real-Time Monitoring test model (9) model surface in loading procedure and three-dimensional acoustic emission information.
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