CN105127186A - Restoration method for heavy metal polluted soil of ore districts - Google Patents
Restoration method for heavy metal polluted soil of ore districts Download PDFInfo
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- CN105127186A CN105127186A CN201510635809.6A CN201510635809A CN105127186A CN 105127186 A CN105127186 A CN 105127186A CN 201510635809 A CN201510635809 A CN 201510635809A CN 105127186 A CN105127186 A CN 105127186A
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Abstract
The invention provides a restoration method for heavy metal polluted soil of ore districts. Castor-oil plants are planted, biological carbon base fertilizer is applied into the heavy metal polluted soil of the ore districts at the same time, the biological carbon base fertilizer is mixed evenly and seasoning is conducted; biological carbon base fertilizer is applied into the heavy metal polluted soil again after the seasoning, and seasoning is conducted again; earthworms are placed in the heavy metal polluted soil to be bred after the seasoning; after the earthworms are introduced to the soil normally, willows are planted and biological carbon base fertilizer is applied into the soil at the same time, and the willows are removed overall after a certain period; and the steps are executed circularly and repeatedly until the content of heavy metal in the soil is up to the safety standard. According to the restoration method for the heavy metal polluted soil of the ore districts, the restoration effect for the heavy metal soil of the ore districts is obvious; the restoration period is short, and secondary pollution to the soil is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contaminated soil and administer field, particularly a kind of restorative procedure of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field.
Background technology
In recent years, environmental pollution and ecological disruption increasingly serious, badly influence health and the existence of the mankind, wherein heavy metal element to the pollution of environment and destruction particularly serious, particularly Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and combined pollution thereof are the most outstanding, especially in some developed areas.Heavy metal is the inorganic pollution that a class toxicity is very large, its particularity is thoroughly to be eliminated from environment by soil microbial degradation, when it runs up to a certain degree in soil, will produce soil-botanical system and poison and destruction, larger harm is all had to plant growth, yield and quality, particularly they can also be entered food chain by crop rich absorbent, have the potential danger of infringement human health.
Mining brings huge economic benefit to the mankind, but also worldwide result in a series of serious environmental problem simultaneously, the mining mineral resource time is long, mining area floor space large, stack the specific factors such as mine tailing amount is large makes soil be subject to severe contamination, and wherein heavy metal pollution problem and distinctive disguise thereof, chronicity, irreversible and nondegradable feature more and more receive the concern in the world.Mining area exploitation produces a large amount of dust, sewage (waste water of mine, acid waste water, coal washing water, sanitary sewage), waste gas, solid waste etc. containing a large amount of heavy metal contaminants, mainly contain mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, copper, nickel etc., in southern area of China, performance is particularly outstanding.As the exploitation of coal resources, create a large amount of gangues, release and the migration of Heavy Metals in Coal Gangue element can cause great Weihai to mining area surrounding environment, not only can cause soil degradation, Crop yield and quality decline, but also runoff, leaching loss contaminating action surface water and groundwater, deterioration water environment can be passed through, affect human health by food chain.
The heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation of Some Mining Districts and surrounding area generally adopts the mode of in-situ immobilization, mainly comprises physical technique: soil moved in improve the original and dig method, heat treating process, electrochemical process, isolation investment etc.; Chemical technology: fixing/stabilising, chemical leaching, chemical oxidation/reduction etc.; Bioremediation technology: phytoremediation, microorganism remediation etc., these methods respectively have pluses and minuses.The disposal cost of isolation investment is minimum, but is only isolated by heavy metal, still there is potential risk to mining soil ecology; Electrochemical process is more immature, and be only applicable to small size and pollute, execute-in-place difficulty is large; Heat treating process is not suitable for execute-in-place, and disposal cost is high, narrow application range; Chemical method easily change soil character, cause secondary pollution; Utilize hyperaccumulative plant to carry out study hotspot that phytoremediation is current heavy-metal contaminated soil Treatment process, the part but this still comes with some shortcomings, particularly most of ultraproduct tires out that the general plant of plant of heavy metal is short and small, poor growth, biomass are low, thus remediation efficiency is low, required time is long, and the with serious pollution mining soil of heavy metal, hyperaccumulative plant is generally difficult to direct growth; The carrier that microorganism remediation method utilizes is living microorganisms, and the discontinuous distribution of pollutant can cut off microorganism motion, therefore long processing period, and competes organic nutrient substance with indigenous microorganism, easily loses activity.
For the present situation of Heavy Metal in Soil of Mining, take suitable soil remediation measure, mining area agricultural production, living environment, ecological construction and region social economy sustainable development are had important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of and can improve mining soil soil property, short time enrichment repairing heavy metal in soil and the restorative procedure that can increase soil fertility comprehensively.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A restorative procedure for heavy metal polluted soil in mine field, comprises the following steps:
1) in heavy metals mining area contaminated soil, plant the castor-oil plant in 1 ~ 2 cycle continuously, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while each cycle plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after each cycle castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor-oil plant plant entirety removes in step 1), again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 ~ 70 days;
3) until step 2) in after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates, put into earthworm and cultivate;
4) after earthworm normally introduces soil in step 3), plant the willow in 1 ~ 2 cycle continuously, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 10 ~ 12 months for one-period;
5) execution step 1) ~ step 4) is cycled to repeat, until the content of heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
Preferably, described charcoal base manure comprises: the calcium magnesium phosphate of the plant ash of the charcoal that 60 ~ 70 weight portion castor-oil plants or willow discarded object are made, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of 10 ~ 15 weight portions, 4 ~ 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 8 ~ 10 weight portions, the urea of 25 ~ 30 weight portions and 16 ~ 20 weight portions.
Preferably, the sowing amount of described charcoal base manure is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, and the described earthworm consumption rendered in soil is 0.2 ~ 0.3kg/m
2.
Preferably, described charcoal base manure granulating disc makes the particle that particle diameter is 5 ~ 6mm.
Preferably, the preparation process of described charcoal is:
1) castor-oil plant or willow discarded object obtain Organic carbon product through charing process, and Organic carbon product is dried at 80 ~ 90 DEG C, pulverizes;
2) step 1) gained Organic carbon product is placed in 450 ~ 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove, is cooled to room temperature;
3) by step 2) products therefrom mix with volume ratio 1 ~ 2.5:1 with the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of mass fraction 5% after pickling 1 ~ 3h, then with deionized water rinsing to neutral, to filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to room temperature, grinding is sieved, and packs for subsequent use.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described charcoal is 2 ~ 3mm.
Preferably, within during described vermiculture every 3 ~ 5 days, water a water, make the water content of heavy-metal contaminated soil remain on 40 ~ 55%.
Preferably, the method for described plantation castor-oil plant is seedling plantation, and described seedling plantation is: top layer 10 ~ 15cm degree of depth plantation of vertically being tilted by the seedling of 28 ~ 30cm 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 20 ~ 25cm, and line-spacing is 20 ~ 25cm.
Preferably, described seedling selects the H by 15% ~ 20%
2o
2disinfect the castor-oil plant seedling that 12h is soaked in the washing of rear distilled water, full seed and the castor seeds do not sunk grow up to.
Preferably, described willow selects the willow seedling of 1.5 ~ 2m to plant.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. castor-oil plant, willow have good Heavy Metal Tolerance, the plantation reparation of castor-oil plant, willow can improve the soil property of contaminated soil, the effect realizing beautifying the environment can also be played, the more important thing is that effectively avoiding pollutant enters food chain again, decreases the secondary pollution that can cause in rehabilitating soil to greatest extent.Compared with other recovery techniques, have cost low, little to ambient influnence, earth's surface can be made steady in a long-term, and while elimination soil pollution, the air around pollution abatement soil and the pollutant in water body, be conducive to improving the ecological environment and improve the advantage of its bio-diversity.
2. charcoal base manure of the present invention is except having charcoal, also containing certain Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and calcium magnesium phosphate, this has good repair for the physical arrangement improving mining soil, work in coordination with while serike and use, can adsorb each heavy metal species in fixing soil, the growth for plant provides certain advantage.
3. in addition, in the technology of soil animal restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, earthworm becomes a technology of soil remediation great potential because of features such as its heavy metal accumulation amount is large, growth cycle is short, extraction is simple, successfuls, earthworm is introduced cultivation by the present invention after charcoal and plant carry out certain reparation to mining soil, can heavy metal better in rich absorbent mining soil, improve plant rhizosphere soil environment, increase Soil Biodiversity.
4. the present invention is by after the charcoal pickling a period of time of the castor-oil plant and willow discarded object gained of administering soil, repeatedly embathe to neutrality by deionized water, then dry, charing material is separated with the solution containing heavy metal, heavy metal can carries out recycling.
In a word, the present invention is the restorative procedure of a kind of safety, environmental protection, efficient, economic and practical heavy metal polluted soil in mine field, does not bring secondary pollution, non-toxic, has reliable biological safety to soil crop and ecological environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, set forth content of the present invention further.
Charcoal with rice husk, stalk or in the soil of heavy metal pollution plantation after results castor-oil plant and willow Litter (root, stem, leaf etc.) for charcoal source obtain, wherein pH is 8.28, and specific area reaches 4.5 ~ 750m
2/ g, middle pore specific surface area is 6.5 ~ 400m
2/ g, pore volume is 0.0055 ~ 0.6500ml/g, and middle pore volume is 0.0035 ~ 0.5500ml/g.
Calcium magnesium phosphate is the criterion of acceptability product that Chinese market is sold.
Sample prescription division is carried out in pollution Experimental Area, monoblock mining area, and length and width are 5m, and stay the wide ridge for 0.8m between each sample prescription, each sample prescription arranges 5 sampled points according to diagonal principle.Take the soil of top layer, experimental plot 0 ~ 25cm, shady and cool ventilation dries, and removes impurity.Measure soil pH 5.4, the concentration of heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is respectively 415.2,896.8,139.7,182.9,81.3 and 347.4mg/kg.
According to national standard of soil environment quality GB15618-2008, when soil pH≤5.5, nonirrigated farmland, agricultural land heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As secondary standard value are respectively 150,80,0.25,50,0.25 and 45mg/kg, therefore, there is more serious heavy metal pollution in above-mentioned monoblock Experimental Area.
Embodiment 1
1) H by 20% is selected
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 10cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual logical castor No. 5 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.The last ten-days period in March, annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants in 1 cycle are planted continuously the experiment Tanaka of heavy metals mining area pollution, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor-oil plant plant entirety removes in step 1), again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 days;
3) until step 2) in after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates, put into earthworm and cultivate;
4) after in step 3), earthworm normally introduces soil, in the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the white skin willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, within every 4 days, water a water, the water content of soil is made to remain on 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2return paving after urea, continuously the willow in 2 cycles of plantation, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 12 months for one-period;
After repairing heavy metals mining area contaminated soil according to step 1) ~ step 4), the content measuring heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
Annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants removed in step 1) and step 4) and Bai Pi willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 1h after volume ratio 1:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 2mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 60 weight portions and 10 weight portions, the plant ash of 4 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 10 weight portions, the urea of 29 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 18 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 5mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 7kg/ mu to step 1), step 2) and step 4) soil in.
After said method is administered test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard, result shows: be compared to native soil, soil pH rises to 7.1, and the concentration of heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is respectively 84.3,58.4,0.16,38.2,0.14 and 32.3mg/kg, in soil, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped 79.70% respectively, 93.49%, 99.88%, 79.11%, 99.83%, 90.70%.
Embodiment 2
1) H by 20% is selected
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 10cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual oily castor No. 5 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.The last ten-days period in March, annual oily castor No. 5 castor-oil plants in 1 cycle are planted continuously the experiment Tanaka of heavy metals mining area pollution, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor-oil plant plant entirety removes in step 1), again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 days;
3) until step 2) in after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates, put into earthworm and cultivate;
4) after in step 3), earthworm normally introduces soil, in the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the white skin willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, within every 3 days, water a water, the water content of soil is made to remain on 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2return paving after urea, continuously plantation 2 cycle willow, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety removed, with 12 months for one-period;
After repairing heavy metals mining area contaminated soil according to step 1) ~ step 4), the content measuring heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
Annual oily castor No. 5 castor-oil plants removed in step 1) and step 4) and Bai Pi willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 3h after volume ratio 2:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 2mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 64 weight portions and 12 weight portions, the plant ash of 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 9 weight portions, the urea of 26 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 17 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 5mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 8kg/ mu to step 1), step 2) and step 4) soil in.
After said method is administered test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard, result shows: be compared to native soil, soil pH rises to 7.0, and the concentration of heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is respectively 79.6,62.3,0.18,39.5,0.17 and 28.7mg/kg, in soil, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped 80.83% respectively, 93.05%, 99.87%, 78.40%, 99.79%, 91.74%.
Embodiment 3
1) H by 20% is selected
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 15cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual oily castor No. 4 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 25cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.The last ten-days period in March, annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants in 1 cycle are planted continuously the experiment Tanaka of heavy metals mining area pollution, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor oily in step 1) No. 4 castor-oil plant entirety remove, again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 days;
3) until step 2) in after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates, put into earthworm and cultivate;
4) after in step 3), earthworm normally introduces soil, in the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the dry land willow willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, within every 4 days, water a water, the water content of soil is made to remain on 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2return paving after urea, continuously plantation 2 cycle willow, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety removed, with 12 months for one-period;
After repairing heavy metals mining area contaminated soil according to step 1) ~ step 4), the content measuring heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
Annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants removed in step 1) and step 4) and dry land willow willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 2h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 3mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 68 weight portions and 12 weight portions, the plant ash of 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 10 weight portions, the urea of 28 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 18 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 6mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 5kg/ mu to step 1), step 2) and step 4) soil in.
After said method is administered test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard, result shows: be compared to native soil, soil pH drops to 7.0, and the concentration of heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is respectively 82.4,62.5,0.15,39.3,0.16 and 29.6mg/kg, in soil, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped 80.15% respectively, 93.03%, 99.89%, 78.51%, 99.80%, 91.48%.
Embodiment 4
When above-mentioned Experimental Area soil contains certain rock or soil property is hard a little, following experimental technique can be taked:
1) H by 20% is selected
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 15cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual logical castor No. 5 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 25cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.In rocky soil or the hard a little soil of soil property, it is more stable that the top layer that vertically tilted by seedling 30 degree to place into the soil can make seedling take root, and coring growth scope is more extensive, is conducive to growth of seedling.The last ten-days period in March, annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants in 1 cycle are planted continuously the experiment Tanaka of heavy metals mining area pollution, irregularly to water weeding, to ensure castor-oil plant normal growth, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) until step 2) in after logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plant entirety remove, again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 days;
3) until step 2) in after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates, put into earthworm and cultivate;
4) after in step 3), earthworm normally introduces soil, the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the white skin willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, its breeding is meticulously cultivated by white skin willow seedling before transplanting in helical form culture dish, white skin willow rhizome curl is grown, can ensure that Bai Piliu expands the growth area of rhizome in rocky soil or soil hard a little like this, be conducive to the growth of Bai Piliu and the reparation of heavy metal, within every 5 days, water a water, the water content of soil is made to remain on 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2return paving after urea, continuously plantation 2 cycle willow, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety removed, with 12 months for one-period,
After repairing heavy metals mining area contaminated soil according to step 1) ~ step 4), the content measuring heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
Annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants removed in step 1) and step 4) and Bai Pi willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 2h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 3mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 67 weight portions and 15 weight portions, the plant ash of 4 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 10 weight portions, the urea of 30 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 20 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 6mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 8kg/ mu to step 1), step 2) and step 4) soil in.
After said method is administered test block soil, heavy metal in soil content reaches soil safety standard, result shows: be compared to native soil, soil pH rises to 7.1, and the concentration of heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is respectively 84.7,59.8,0.17,37.6,0.12 and 27.8mg/kg, in soil, the concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As have dropped 79.60% respectively, 93.33%, 99.87%, 79.44%, 99.85%, 92.00%.
From the reparation result of embodiment 1 ~ 4, adopt restorative procedure of the present invention, by the collaborative repair process of charcoal base manure and plant, the physicochemical property of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field can be improved, reduce the acidity of soil to a certain extent, and then in 3 ~ 4 years, the content of the heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As in soil is greatly reduced by the introducing reparation of earthworm, further carry out repairing better to heavy metal pollution of soil.
In order to outstanding innovative point of the present invention, enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present invention, now enumerate the present invention experimental stage or the comparative example adopting prior art, and effect explanation is carried out to itself and embodiments of the invention.
Comparative example 1
Only castor-oil plant is planted after the process of charcoal base manure in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area:
1) charcoal base manure is applied in heavy metals mining area contaminated soil, mix, ageing 60 days;
2) plant castor-oil plant until charcoal base manure ageing in step 1) after terminating, select the H by 20%
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 10cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual logical castor No. 5 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 20cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.Irregularly to water weeding, to ensure castor-oil plant normal growth.The last ten-days period in March, annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants in 4 cycles of plantation are continuously planted experiment Tanaka, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while plantation castor-oil plant, castor-oil plant entirety removed after each cycle castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, the levels of 4 all after dates to soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is analyzed.
Castor-oil plant and willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 2h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 3mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 70 weight portions and 15 weight portions, the plant ash of 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 10 weight portions, the urea of 26 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 18 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 6mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 7kg/ mu to step 1) and step 2) soil in.
Comparative example 2
Only willow is planted after the process of charcoal base manure in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area:
1) charcoal base manure is applied in heavy metals mining area contaminated soil, mix, ageing 60 days;
2) the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the white skin willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, 4 cycles of continuous plantation, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 12 months for one-period, the levels of 4 all after dates to soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is analyzed.
Castor-oil plant and willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 2h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 3mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 66 weight portions and 12 weight portions, the plant ash of 5 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 10 weight portions, the urea of 28 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 18 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 5mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 6kg/ mu to step 1) and step 2) soil in.
Comparative example 3
Plant annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area after, the process of charcoal base manure, then plant dry land willow willow:
1) H by 20% is selected
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 15cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual oily castor No. 4 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 25cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.The last ten-days period in March, annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants in 1 cycle are planted continuously the experiment Tanaka of heavy metals mining area pollution, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor oily in step 1) No. 4 castor-oil plant entirety remove, again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 days;
3) until step 2) in the ageing of charcoal base manure accept after, the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the dry land willow willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, continuous plantation 2 cycle willow, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 12 months for one-period, after willow entirety removes by 2 end cycles, the levels of soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is analyzed.
Annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants removed in step 1) and step 3) and dry land willow willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 3h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 2mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 70 weight portions and 15 weight portions, the plant ash of weight portion, the calcium carbonate of 8 weight portions, the urea of 27 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 18 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 6mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 7kg/ mu to step 1), step 2) and step 3) heavy metal pollution soil in.
Comparative example 4
Plant annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area after, breeding earthworm, then plant dry land willow willow:
1|) select the H by 20%
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 15cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual logical castor No. 5 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 25cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.The last ten-days period in March, annual logical castor No. 5 castor-oil plants in 2 cycles are planted continuously the experiment Tanaka of heavy metals mining area pollution, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor No. 5 castor-oil plant entirety logical in step 1) remove, put into vermiculture, the earthworm consumption rendered in soil is 0.3kg/m
2;
3) until step 2) in after earthworm normally introduces soil, in the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the dry land willow willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, within every 5 days, water a water, the water content of soil is made to remain on 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2paving is returned after urea, continuous plantation 2 cycle willow, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 12 months for one-period, after willow entirety removes by 2 end cycles, the levels of soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is analyzed.
Annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants removed in step 1) and step 3) and dry land willow willow discarded object and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 3h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 2mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 65 weight portions and 12 weight portions, the plant ash of 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 10 weight portions, the urea of 28 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 20 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 5mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, apply the charcoal base manure of 8kg/ mu to step 1), step 2) and step 3) heavy metal pollution soil in.
Comparative example 5
In the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area, apply biological carbon base manure, after having cultivated earthworm, only plant annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants:
1) charcoal base manure is applied in heavy metals mining area contaminated soil, mix, ageing 60 days;
2) after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates in step 1), put into vermiculture, the earthworm consumption rendered in soil is 0.2kg/m
2;
3) until step 2) in after earthworm normally introduces soil, select the H by 20%
2o
2disinfect then distilled water washing and soak 12h, full seed top layer 15cm degree of depth plantation and the healthy seedling that annual oily castor No. 4 castor seeds sunk grow up to 30cm vertically tilts 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 25cm, and line-spacing is 25cm.The last ten-days period in March, annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants in 5 cycles are planted continuously experiment Tanaka, within every 5 days, water a water, make the water content of soil remain on 50%, to ensure oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plants and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2paving is returned after urea, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after 4 cycle castor-oil plant fruit harvests terminate castor-oil plant entirety to remove, the levels of soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As is analyzed.
Annual oily castor No. 4 castor-oil plant discarded objects that step 3) removes and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 2h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 3mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 70 weight portions and 10 weight portions, the plant ash of 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 8 weight portions, the urea of 25 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 16 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 6mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, the charcoal base manure applying 7kg/ mu is in the soil of step 1) and step 3).
Comparative example 6
Biological carbon base manure is applied in the experimental plot of above-mentioned Experimental Area, after having cultivated earthworm, only plantation dry land willow willow:
1) charcoal base manure is applied in heavy metals mining area contaminated soil, mix, ageing 60 days;
2) after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates in step 1), put into vermiculture, the earthworm consumption rendered in soil is 0.2kg/m
2;
3) until step 2) in after earthworm normally introduces soil, in the first tenday period of a month in three months, select the dry land willow willow seedling plantation willow of healthy healthy and strong 2m, continuous plantation 4 cycle willow, within every 5 days, water a water, make the water content of soil remain on 55%, to ensure willow and earthworm normal growth, during planting plants, every 30 days, soil is sieved, isolate one-tenth earthworm wherein, young earthworm and earthworm ovum are stayed in soil, after being gathered into earthworm, soil is mixed 0.5kg/m
2paving is returned after urea, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 12 months for one-period, willow entirety is removed the rear levels to soil ph, heavy metal in soil Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As and analyzes by 4 end cycles.
The dry land willow willow discarded object that step 3) removes and rice husk, stalk obtains Organic carbon product through charing process, Organic carbon product is pulverized after drying at 90 DEG C, be placed in the 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove constant temperature, the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of 5% are with pickling 2h after volume ratio 2.5:1 mixing, extremely neutral with deionized water rinsing again, filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to after room temperature until temperature, obtained charcoal mortar is ground and crosses 3mm sieve, pack for subsequent use, then by the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of the charcoal of 60 weight portions and 15 weight portions, the plant ash of 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 8 weight portions, the urea of 30 weight portions, the calcium magnesium phosphate of 20 weight portions is admixed together and stir and obtain charcoal base manure, it is after the particle of 5mm that charcoal base manure granulating disc makes particle diameter, the charcoal base manure applying 6kg/ mu is in the soil of step 1) and step 3).
Soil remediation effect
According to national standard of soil environment quality GB15618-2008, when soil pH≤5.5, nonirrigated farmland, agricultural land heavy metal Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg and As secondary standard value are respectively 150,80,0.25,50, and 0.25 and 45mg/kg.The effect of the soil remediation method of heavy metal pollution described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 4 and comparative example 1 ~ 6 is evaluated from soil pH value, the final content of heavy metal (mg/kg) two aspects and checked, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1,1) comparative example 1 ~ 4 and test block soil, after the reparation of 3 ~ 4 years, the content of heavy metal in soil reduces greatly, and all below national standard of soil environment quality secondary standard value, and also has for the Acidity of Aikalinity of contaminated soil in mining areas and repair better and improve.2) comparative example 1 ~ 6 is compared with embodiment 1 ~ 4, by applying reparation containing certain organic principle charcoal base manure in embodiment 1 ~ 4, soil physics structure can be improved, increase the effect of soil fertility, the cultivation of earthworm adds can improve the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated degree of soil to a certain extent, enriching heavy metal can also be absorbed, the intersection plantation of plant is to the reparation of heavy metal-polluted soil and the further improvement to soil texture and character, the final soil property of soil is repaired better, the content of heavy metal in soil also reduces greatly, comparatively comprehensive to the reparation of heavy metal in soil, and in comparative example 1 ~ 6, can find out that lacking wherein any one restorative procedure all decreases to the repairing effect of the heavy metal in soil of acid pollution, the content that final improvement terminates rear heavy metal in soil is still larger, the effect of repairing within identical repair time is also comparatively slow.
The present invention is in the soil course administering heavy metal pollution, repair time of the plantation of crops, the plantation cycle of plant and charcoal base manure and vermiculture according to the different appropriate adaptations of soil property and soil region, thus need carry out better repairing and treating.
Clearly, all any amendments done according to technical support essence of the present invention and change still belong in the scope that the technology of the present invention supports for every claim that the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field of the present invention is addressed and technical support.
Claims (10)
1. a restorative procedure for heavy metal polluted soil in mine field, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) in heavy metals mining area contaminated soil, plant the castor-oil plant in 1 ~ 2 cycle continuously, in soil, charcoal base manure is applied while each cycle plantation castor-oil plant, with castor-oil plant fruit maturation harvest home for one-period, after each cycle castor-oil plant fruit harvest terminates, castor-oil plant entirety is removed;
2) after castor-oil plant plant entirety removes in step 1), again apply charcoal base manure in the soil of planting castor-oil plant, mix, ageing 60 ~ 70 days;
3) until step 2) in after the ageing of charcoal base manure terminates, put into earthworm and cultivate;
4) after earthworm normally introduces soil in step 3), plant the willow in 1 ~ 2 cycle continuously, in soil, apply charcoal base manure while each cycle plantation willow, after one-period terminates, willow entirety is removed, with 10 ~ 12 months for one-period;
5) execution step 1) ~ step 4) is cycled to repeat, until the content of heavy metal in soil reaches safety standard.
2. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described charcoal base manure comprises: the calcium magnesium phosphate of the plant ash of the charcoal that 60 ~ 70 weight portion castor-oil plants or willow discarded object are made, the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of 10 ~ 15 weight portions, 4 ~ 6 weight portions, the calcium carbonate of 8 ~ 10 weight portions, the urea of 25 ~ 30 weight portions and 16 ~ 20 weight portions.
3. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sowing amount of described charcoal base manure is 5 ~ 8kg/ mu, the described earthworm consumption rendered in soil is 0.2 ~ 0.3kg/m
2.
4. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described charcoal base manure granulating disc makes the particle that particle diameter is 5 ~ 6mm.
5. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the preparation process of described charcoal is:
1) castor-oil plant or willow discarded object obtain Organic carbon product through charing process, and Organic carbon product is dried at 80 ~ 90 DEG C, pulverizes;
2) step 1) gained Organic carbon product is placed in 450 ~ 500 DEG C of pyrolysis of charcoal stove, is cooled to room temperature;
3) by step 2) products therefrom mix with volume ratio 1 ~ 2.5:1 with the watery hydrochloric acid of mass fraction 10% and the dust technology of mass fraction 5% after pickling 1 ~ 3h, then with deionized water rinsing to neutral, to filter, dry at 85 DEG C, naturally cool to room temperature, grinding is sieved, and packs for subsequent use.
6. a kind of restorative procedure of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as described in claim 2 or 5, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described charcoal is 2 ~ 3mm.
7. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: within during described vermiculture every 3 ~ 5 days, water a water, make the water content of heavy-metal contaminated soil remain on 40 ~ 55%.
8. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method for described plantation castor-oil plant is seedling plantation, described seedling plantation is: top layer 10 ~ 15cm degree of depth plantation of vertically being tilted by the seedling of 28 ~ 30cm 30 degree to place into the soil, spacing in the rows is 20 ~ 25cm, and line-spacing is 20 ~ 25cm.
9. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: described seedling selects the H by 15% ~ 20%
2o
2disinfect the castor-oil plant seedling that 12h is soaked in the washing of rear distilled water, full seed and the castor seeds do not sunk grow up to.
10. the restorative procedure of a kind of heavy metal polluted soil in mine field as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described willow selects the willow seedling of 1.5 ~ 2m to plant.
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| CN107548599A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-09 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of lime stone mining area ecological restoring method |
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