CN105123468B - A kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method and device - Google Patents
A kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123468B CN105123468B CN201510447754.6A CN201510447754A CN105123468B CN 105123468 B CN105123468 B CN 105123468B CN 201510447754 A CN201510447754 A CN 201510447754A CN 105123468 B CN105123468 B CN 105123468B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method and devices, test tube seedling is cut into 1-2 section, it plants in the virus-free potato tube plant fastly nutrient matrix of numerous device, carry out test tube seedling management, continue shearing breeding when growing to 5-10cm, circulation shear is bred according to the above method, after breeding to enough detoxic seedlings, it is planted in due course, produces detoxification original silkworm egg.Virus-free potato tube plant is cut into single-unit when breeding and directly planted on soilless substrate by the present invention, and service speed is fast, and pollution scrappage is low；It is carried out in substrate groove, with extraneous ventilation completely, carries out photosynthesis using natural light, young plant growing way is good, and production original silkworm egg yield is high；It is carried out in the cultivation bed of greenhouse, it is automatically on time spraying after setting fast numerous device, a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to potato production field more particularly to a kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding methods and device.
Background technique
China is the first in the world populous nation, people it is particularly thorny.Food problem is most important.Potato is that the world is rare
High-yield crop, it have nutrition comprehensively, wide adaptability, resistance is strong, stable high yield, industry chain length, grain dish raise the raw material of industry
The good characteristics such as dual-purpose are the fourth-largest cereal crops in the world, the fifth-largest cereal crops of China.It is potatoes cultivated area, total
Production ranks first in the world, but unit yield is lower.A key factor for influencing potatoes low output is exactly potato
Viral sexual involution.Average underproduction 30%-80% after potato virus infection.It is current using biotechnology production virus-free seed potato
The most effective method for preventing virosis, and solve the essence that potatoes virus sexual involution improves rapidly yield
Measure.The production and potato seed for reinforcing toxicity-removing white potato energetically are bred, and virus-free seed potato supply capacity are improved, to accelerate pushing away for virus-free potato
Extensively application stablizes and improves potato per unit area yield and total output, to raising Grain in China total yield, it is ensured that national food security and increase agriculture
People's income, has very important significance.
In the breeding production of virus-free seed potato, original silkworm egg production is bottleneck.Original silkworm egg be with the test tube transplantation of seedlings of detoxification or
The potato seed that cuttage initially generates in Greenhouse, original silkworm egg production quantity is more, and the test tube seedling needed is more.Test tube seedling at present
Breeding be first to make culture medium indoors, then in inoculation indoor inoculation, then be placed on culturing room in culture, it is long to test tube seedling
To after certain altitude, breeding is inoculated, repeatedly.
The breeding of indoor test tube seedling has the following disadvantages with deficiency: 1, dosage is big.It cultivates matrix manufacturing and needs a large amount of medicine
Product reagent；2, energy consumption is high.Medium sterilization, indoor illumination need to consume a large amount of electric power；3, the amount of labour used is big.Indoor inoculation needs
Sterile working is carried out in superclean bench, inoculation speed is slow, and it is careless slightly, it can also cause pollution sense miscellaneous, inoculation reproduction is caused to be lost
It loses.4, test tube seedling growth quality is poor.Test tube seedling is to grow under confined conditions indoors, and humidity is big, and poor air permeability, illumination is weak, because
And test tube seedling is tender and crisp, growing way is weaker, and resistance is poor, and after test tube transplantation of seedlings therefore survival rate and growing way are all a greater impact.
Many original silkworm eggs produce and breed unit to produce more original silkworm egg, it has to spend a large amount of manpower and material resources thus numerous
Test tube seedling is grown, slow so as to cause original silkworm egg speed of production, scale does not increase, and higher cost.
A kind of simple and fast propagation method how is found, virus-free potato tube plant reproduction speed, and energy can either be improved
Reproductive-cost is greatly reduced, it has also become the industry compels technical problem to be solved and unsolved.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method and devices, it is intended to solve existing
The breeding dosage of test tube seedling is big in toxicity-removing white potato room, energy consumption is high, the amount of labour used is big, the problem of test tube seedling growth quality difference.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method, comprising: test tube seedling is cut into 1-
2 sections are planted in the virus-free potato tube plant fastly nutrient matrix of numerous device, test tube seedling management are carried out, when growing to 5-10cm
Continue shearing breeding, circulation shear is bred according to the above method, after breeding to enough detoxic seedlings, is planted in due course, and detoxification is produced
Original silkworm egg.
Further, test tube seedling breed when first nutrient matrix is impregnated with clear water, after by test tube seedling in open environment, be cut into
1-2 section is planted in nutrient matrix；Cutting implement uses 0.1%KMnO4Liquid or 75% ethanol disinfection；Carbendazim is used after planting
50% 500 times of wettable powder liquid or 58% first frost phosphorus 500 times of liquid disinfectants of mancozeb wettable powder；Film or sunshade square are used again
On cultivation bed, moisture-keeping shading.
Further, latter 1-3 days, spray cycles 15s/10Mins spraying with clear water are planted；It is sprayed for low nutrition liquid within 3-10 days
Mist is formulated 1/4 basal medium only to add inorganic salts, removing organic matter, spray cycles 15s/30Min；It is spraying after 10 days
Nutrient solution prescription is 1/2 basal medium for only adding inorganic salts, removing organic matter, spray cycles 15s/1h.
Numerous device includes atomizer, nutrient matrix layer, filter layer, drainage layer, spray fastly for a kind of virus-free potato tube plant
Mist controller, valve switch, return pipe, water pump, upper hose；
Nutrient matrix layer lower layer is filter layer, and filter layer lower layer is drainage layer；Atomizer is mounted on the upper hose
On, valve switch is installed, the return pipe is connect with the drainage layer bottom on upper hose；It the upper hose and returns
Water pipe is connect with the water pump, and the sprayer controller is electrically connected with the water pump.
Further, the atomizer is downward, after clear water or nutrient liquid atomizing, is equably sprayed in test tube seedling,
Sprayer controller uses timing controller, realizes spraying according to the spray cycles of setting.
Further, the drainage layer can use cobblestone or sandstone.
Further, the filter layer can use filtering sponge or filter paper.
Further, the nutrient matrix layer uses soilless substrate, and soilless substrate selects the uniform mixing of vermiculite and perlite
The volume ratio of object, vermiculite and perlite is 2:1.
Compared with current indoor test tube seedling fast breeding technique, the present invention has the advantage that
1, speed is fast.Test tube seedling breeding at present is that potato virus-free plantlet when growing to 7-8cm on former culture medium is cut into 1-2
Section is inoculated on new culture medium, and due to cultivating under confined conditions indoors, illumination is weak, stuffiness, must add in culture medium
The source the C such as organic matter and glucose, therefore when inoculation, it is desirable that accomplish sterile working, it is necessary in the indoor ultra-clean work of the inoculation of disinfection
Make on platform, test tube seedling be aseptically cut into single-unit, then on the culture medium being transferred in new culture bottle, seedling taking, shearing,
Switching will be meticulous, careless slightly, it is possible to cause pollution sense is miscellaneous to scrap, lead to reproductive failure, therefore this method is inoculated with
Speed is fairly slow.Test tube seedling breeding of the invention is carried out in substrate groove, and aeration condition is good, using natural light,
CO in air is utilized in breeding2And natural light carries out photosynthesis, do not need in nutrient solution in nutrient matrix addition organic matter and
The source the C such as glucose, because without stringent aseptic condition, it is straight that virus-free potato tube plant is only cut into 1-2 section by when breeding
Connect plant on soilless substrate can, thus, it is fast compared to preceding method service speed, and it is low to pollute scrappage.
2, high-quality.At present test tube seedling breeding culture when be in culturing room's culture bottle, culture environment is closed, the source C be by
Glucose etc. provide, light source is fluorescent lamp, and intensity of illumination is weak, test tube seedling growth it is tender and crisp slim and frahile, slightly control it is bad, can also glass
Change, raw fibrous roots of long many gas etc., when planting production original silkworm egg, it is desirable that condition is high, and management control is bad, and test tube seedling, which is planted, to be survived
Rate will decline to a great extent.Test tube seedling breeding of the present invention is carried out in substrate groove, is ventilated completely with extraneous, using certainly
Right light carries out photosynthesis, and young plant is sturdy high-quality, and when planting production original silkworm egg, young plant resistance is strong, and growing way is good, and production is former
Original seed yield is high.
3, at low cost.Test tube seedling is bred at present, is needed first to prepare mother liquor, cleaning bottle, production culture medium, culture medium and is gone out
The links such as bacterium, transfer room disinfection inoculation, culturing room's disinfection culture, hardening cleaning, which just can be carried out, plants production original silkworm egg, Mei Gehuan
The electric power that section requires to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, especially high pressure sterilization and culturing room's illumination cultivation, temperature control etc. disappears
It consumes also very huge.For this purpose, many original silkworm egg production breeding units breed this block in test tube seedling and consume a large amount of manpower, wealth
Power.Test tube seedling breeding of the invention directly carries out in the cultivation bed of greenhouse, automatically on time spraying after setting fast numerous device,
Then direct shearing breeding can, a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved thus, it is rough to estimate, cost compared to original method will under
30% or more drop.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of virus-free potato tube plant provided in an embodiment of the present invention numerous device fastly；
In figure: 1, atomizer；2, nutrient matrix layer；3, filter layer；4, drainage layer；5, sprayer controller；6, water valve is opened
It closes；7, return pipe；8, water pump；9, upper hose.
Specific embodiment
In order to further understand the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are hereby given, and cooperate attached drawing
Detailed description are as follows.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method, comprising: test tube seedling is cut into 1-
2 sections are planted in the virus-free potato tube plant fastly nutrient matrix of numerous device, into test tube seedling management, when growing to 5-10cm after
Continuous shearing breeding, circulation shear is bred according to the above method, after breeding to enough detoxic seedlings, is planted in due course, and production detoxification is former
Original seed.
Further, test tube seedling breed when first nutrient matrix is impregnated with clear water, after by test tube seedling in open environment, be cut into
1-2 section is planted in nutrient matrix；Cutting implement uses 0.1%KMnO4Liquid or 75% ethanol disinfection；Carbendazim is used after planting
50% 500 times of wettable powder liquid or 58% first frost phosphorus 500 times of liquid disinfectants of mancozeb wettable powder；Film or sunshade square are used again
On cultivation bed, moisture-keeping shading.
Further, latter 1-3 days, spray cycles 15s/10Mins spraying with clear water are planted；It is sprayed for low nutrition liquid within 3-10 days
Mist is formulated 1/4 basal medium only to add inorganic salts, removing organic matter, spray cycles 15s/30Min；It is spraying after 10 days
Nutrient solution prescription is 1/2 basal medium for only adding inorganic salts, removing organic matter, spray cycles 15s/1h.
Numerous device includes atomizer 1, nutrient matrix layer 2, filter layer 3, drainage layer fastly for a kind of virus-free potato tube plant
4, sprayer controller 5, valve switch 6, return pipe 7, water pump 8, upper hose 9；
2 lower layer of nutrient matrix layer is filter layer 3, and 3 lower layer of filter layer is drainage layer 4；Atomizer 1 is mounted on described upper
On water pipe 9, valve switch 6 is installed on upper hose 9, the return pipe 7 is connect with 4 bottom of drainage layer；Described
Upper hose 9 and return pipe 7 are connect with the water pump 8, and the sprayer controller 5 is electrically connected with the water pump 8；Nutrition
Extra moisture or nutrient solution flow back into nutrition pond after filtering out in matrix 2, are sprayed at test tube seedling by pipeline and atomizer 1
On, realize the use that moves in circles；Filter layer 3 is covered in drainage layer 4, and moisture or nutrient solution can pass freely through, and above it
Matrix cannot be with underwater stream, to prevent blocking pipeline；Nutrient matrix layer 2 provides material resources support and moisture for the breeding of test tube seedling
Nutrition supply.
Further, the atomizer 1 downwards, after clear water or nutrient liquid atomizing, is equably sprayed in test tube seedling,
Sprayer controller 5 uses timing controller, realizes spraying according to the spray cycles of setting.
Further, the drainage layer 4 can use cobblestone or sandstone.
Further, the filter layer 3 can use filtering sponge or filter paper.
Further, the nutrient matrix layer 2 uses soilless substrate, and soilless substrate selects the uniform mixing of vermiculite and perlite
The volume ratio of object, vermiculite and perlite is 2:1.
Compared with current indoor test tube seedling fast breeding technique, the present invention has following difference with it:
Embodiment 1
Select the test tube seedling of the Potato Cultivars Qin taro No. 30 Jing Guo detoxification detection qualification, design side according to the invention
Method, drainage layer select cobblestone, and drainage layer selects filtering sponge, and nutrient matrix layer adds perlite (2:1) using vermiculite, in 2014
Test tube seedling is cut into single-unit in September 20th by year respectively, is planted in atomising cultivation slot, cutting implement 0.1%KMnO4 liquid disinfectant,
It is spraying with 50% wettable powder of carbendazim, 500 times of liquid after planting, mould contamination is prevented, covers the shade of 50% sunshade net above；
Planting Densities are 3cm × 3cm, respectively plant 100 plants, repeat twice；Design method is pressed by spraying；Sunshade net is thrown off after 7 days.After 20 days
Survival rate, the number of blade, plant height, stem thickness are investigated, data use arithmetic average.Interior is simultaneously according to the sterile item of current universal method
Test tube seedling is cut into single-unit under part to be inoculated on MS culture medium, 350ml culture bottle, bottle height 10cm, bore 7cm, every bottle of inoculation
10 plants, every processing is inoculated with 10 bottles, repeats twice.Condition of culture are as follows: light application time 14hd-1,2500~3000lx of intensity of illumination,
Survival rate, the number of blade, plant height, stem thickness are investigated after 20 ± 2 DEG C of temperature, 20 days, data use arithmetic average.And recruitment is carried out
Record compares, and cost carries out analysis comparison.
One, potato set growing way investigation result and comparison sheet
Quick-breeding method of the invention reduces about 1%, but quick-breeding method young plant stem of the present invention than control potato set survival rate
Stalk is sturdy, and for stem thickness than thickening 0.36mm/ plants of control, control stalk is very thin；The blade leaf color of quick-breeding method of the present invention is dark green, blade face
Product is big, and the number of blade is than compareing more 1.25 pieces/plant, and the green middle band of control leaf color is yellow, and blade is small；The plant of quick-breeding method of the present invention is entire
Growing way is good, and resistance is strong, and plant height is 1.05cm/ plants higher than compareing, and control growing way is relatively weak, and tender and crisp, resistance is poor.
Two, work consuming compares
1, indoor inoculation breeding quick-breeding method (ck): 4h/10 times=0.4h of mother liquor (prepares 1 used time 4h, uses 10
It is secondary)；Culture bottle cleans 0.4h；1.23 (2 people × 4h/130 bottles × 20 bottles) of matrix manufacturing and sterilizing are cultivated, 1.5h is inoculated with, adds up to
3.53h。
2, quick-breeding method of the present invention: substrate preparation 2h/1000 × 200=0.4h (1 fast numerous device used time 2h is prepared, it can
1000 plants of plant)；Shearing breeding 1h；Compounding 2h/4000 × 200=0.1h (1 nutrition liquid pool is prepared, it is fast for 4
Numerous device can transplant 4000 plants)；Total used time 1.5h.Work consuming reduces (3.53-1.5)/3.53 × 100%=than control
57.5%.
Three, cost compares
1, indoor inoculation breeding quick-breeding method (ck): 10 yuan of culture medium；Electric power (sterilizing and culture) 9kwh × 1.35 yuan/
Kwh=12.15 member (3.5kw × 2h/80 bottles of autoclave × 20 bottles of+two lamp 60w × 14h × 20 day/100 bottle × 20 bottle+air-conditionings
3.5kw × 14h × 20 day/5000 bottle × 20 bottle ≈ 9kwh)；Artificial 3.53h × 8 yuan/h=28.24 member (8 yuan of casual labourer's unit price/
h)；It is 50.39 yuan total.
2, quick-breeding method of the invention: 16 yuan of nutrient matrix；2.5 yuan of nutrient solution (1 500 liters of nutrition pond, 50 yuan of nutrient solution/
4000 plants × 200 plants=2.5 yuan)；Electric power 0.3kwh × 1.35 yuan/kwh=0.405 member (1.5kw × 30s/h × for 24 hours × 20
It/2000 plants × 200 plants=0.3kwh)；Artificial 1.5h × 8 yuan/h=12 is first (8 yuan/h of casual labourer's unit price)；It is 30.9 yuan total.At
This reduces (50.39-30.9)/50.39 × 100%=38.67% than control.
Embodiment 2
Select the test tube seedling of the Potato Cultivars " reaching potato No.1 " Jing Guo detoxification detection qualification, design side according to the invention
Method, drainage layer select cobblestone, and drainage layer selects filtering sponge, and nutrient matrix layer choosing vermiculite adds perlite, vermiculite and pearl
The volume ratio of rock is 2:1, on 2 20th, 2015 test tube seedling is cut into single-unit respectively, planted in atomising cultivation slot, shears work
Tool uses 0.1%KMnO4 liquid disinfectant, spraying with 500 times of mancozeb wettable powder of 58% first frost phosphorus after planting, then covering above
Film is thrown off after 5 days, presses design method by spraying, and Planting Densities are 3cm × 3cm, plants 2000 plants.Investigated after 20 days, it is average at
Motility rate is 98.5%, average leaf number 7.22, average plant height 6.75cm, average stem thickness 1.02mm.
Recruitment are as follows: substrate preparation 3h, shearing breeding inoculation 10h；Compounding 1.5h；Total recruitment 14.5h, with implementation
1.5h/200 plants of example 1 (test) × 2000 plants=15h is compared to reduction 0.5h.
Cost are as follows: 18 bags × 8 yuan/bag=144 yuan of nutrient matrix；25 yuan of nutrient solution；Electric power 3kwh × 1.35 yuan/kwh=
4.05 yuan (1.5kw × 30s/h × for 24 hours × 20 days=3kwh)；Artificial 14.5h × 8 yuan/h=116 member；It is 289 yuan total.With reality
30.9 yuan/200 plants × 2000 plants=309 yuan for applying example are first compared to 309-289=20 is reduced.Embodiment 2 illustrates that reproductive number increases
Added-time embodies certain scale effect, and recruitment continues to reduce than embodiment 1, and cost continues to reduce.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form,
Any simple modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention, equivalent variations and modification, belong to
In the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method, which is characterized in that the virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method
Include: that test tube seedling is cut into 1-2 section, plants in the virus-free potato tube plant fastly nutrient matrix of numerous device, carry out test tube
Seedling management continues shearing breeding when growing to 5-10cm, and circulation shear is bred according to the above method, after breeding to enough detoxic seedlings,
It is planted in due course, produces detoxification original silkworm egg；
Test tube seedling breed when first nutrient matrix is impregnated with clear water, after by test tube seedling in open environment, be cut into 1-2 section plant in
In nutrient matrix；Cutting implement uses 0.1%KMnO4Liquid or 75% ethanol disinfection；50% wettable of carbendazim is used after planting
500 times of liquid of pulvis or 58% first frost phosphorus 500 times of liquid disinfectants of mancozeb wettable powder；Again with film or sunshade square in cultivation bed
On, moisture-keeping shading；
Plant latter 1-3 days, spray cycles 15s/10Mins spraying with clear water；3-10 days spraying for low nutrition liquid, is formulated only to add
Inorganic salts, 1/4 basal medium for removing organic matter, spray cycles 15s/30Min；Spraying nutrient solution prescription is only after 10 days
1/2 basal medium for adding inorganic salts, removing organic matter, spray cycles 15s/1h；
The virus-free potato tube plant that the virus-free potato tube plant quick-breeding method uses numerous device fastly, including atomizer,
Nutrient matrix layer, filter layer, drainage layer, sprayer controller, valve switch, return pipe, water pump, upper hose；
Nutrient matrix layer lower layer is filter layer, and filter layer lower layer is drainage layer；Atomizer is mounted on the upper hose, on
Valve switch is installed, the return pipe is connect with the drainage layer bottom on water pipe；The upper hose and return pipe
It is connect with the water pump, the sprayer controller is electrically connected with the water pump；
The atomizer is downward, after clear water or nutrient liquid atomizing, is equably sprayed in test tube seedling, sprayer controller makes
With timing controller, realize spraying according to the spray cycles of setting；
The drainage layer cobblestone or sandstone；
The filter layer filtering sponge or filter paper；
The nutrient matrix layer uses soilless substrate, and soilless substrate selects the homogeneous mixture of vermiculite and perlite, vermiculite and treasure
The volume ratio of Zhu Yan is 2:1.
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| CN106171444A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of potato primary stock |
| CN110089415A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-06 | 达州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of chpn numerous potato virus-free plantlet device fastly |
| CN113940246A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Potato original stock breeding matching technology |
| CN115024219A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-09 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Liquid intermittent immersion cultivation method for potato tissue culture seedlings |
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| CN1324947C (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2007-07-11 | 中国农业大学 | Potato seed breeding method |
| CN101336612B (en) * | 2007-07-04 | 2012-05-23 | 青海省农林科学院 | Potato test-tube plantlet assembly type fragment propagating method |
| CN102550411B (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-08-14 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Method for producing pre-basic seeds of potatoes |
| CN203912801U (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-11-05 | 浙江大学 | A kind of dendrobium candidum seedbed |
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