CN105117560B - A kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method - Google Patents
A kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation methods, include the following steps:Calculate basic routing line loss;Calculate branched line loss;Calculate distribution transforming copper loss contained by route;Calculate distribution transforming iron loss contained by route;The sum of calculated result of above-mentioned steps, as theory wire loss.Through the invention, the work of basic theory line loss calculation can be carried out, the space of the range of unknown loss and decreasing loss in practical line loss is defined, to formulate corresponding reducing loss measure, provides reliable foundation for Electric Power Network Planning, transformation and capacitance reactive compensation, economical operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medium-voltage distribution fields, especially relate to a kind of calculating side of medium-voltage distribution circuit theory wire loss
Method.
Background technique
Distribution system refer to directly be user service that a part of electric system, medium voltage distribution network generally refer to from
The 10kV line outlet of 110kV/10kV or 35kV/10kV step-down substation is to user terminal.End of the power distribution network as power network,
Its voltage class is low, directly connect with user, route distribution is wide, on-line apparatus is more, therefore there is impedances for system, lead to electric energy
Inevitably along with a large amount of line loss in conversion, conveying, assigning process.
Based on current basic data management status, require that a large amount of manpower and material resources is spent to carry out line loss statistics work every year
Make, obtains the whether reasonable reference standard of line loss.On the one hand, workload is complicated, has aggravated the work load of electric power personnel;
On the other hand, data are by the way of manual entry, are easy to cause error and inefficiency.Therefore, there is an urgent need to be directed to 10kV
Via net loss theoretical calculation and Optimal flattening in-depth study.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method, it is different types of to judge
Whether line loss rationally provides reference frame, and the amendment to manage line loss beyond the distribution line of line loss range provides data
Support.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the invention is realized in:
A kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method, includes the following steps:
(1) basic routing line loss is calculated;
(2) branched line loss is calculated;
(3) distribution transforming copper loss contained by route is calculated;
(4) distribution transforming iron loss contained by route is calculated;
(5) the sum of the calculated result of step (1) to (4), as theory wire loss.
Preferably, the calculation method of the basic routing line loss is:
PIt is main=α I2rl
Wherein, α is trunk power load distributing coefficient, and a mouthful electric current is done based on I, and r is trunk resistance per unit length, and l is trunk
Length.
Further, the determination method of trunk power load distributing factor alpha is:
A, it is uniformly distributed along load, trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 1;
B, be evenly distributed reduction along load, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 3/5;
C, be evenly distributed increase along load, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 8/5;
D, it is distributed front half section along load uniformly to increase, the second half section is uniformly reduced, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 23/
20;
E, it is distributed front half section along load uniformly to reduce, the second half section uniformly increases, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 9/
10;
F, it is distributed along load and first uniformly increases, rear uniformly to reduce, trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is:
Wherein, η is the separation of load increase and load reduction;
G, it is distributed along load and first uniformly reduces, rear uniformly to increase, trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is:
Wherein, η is that load is reduced and the increased separation of load;
Preferably, the calculation method of the branched line loss is:
PPoint=Ib 2rblb
Wherein, IbFor branched line average current, rbFor branching unit length resistance, lbFor branch length.
Preferably, the calculation method of the distribution transforming copper loss is:
Wherein, mTIt is the total number of units of route distribution transformer;ΔPkiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer short-circuit loss power;IpiIt is
Flow through the electric current of the i-th station power distribution transformer;IgiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer rated current.
Preferably, the calculation method of the distribution transforming iron loss is:
Wherein, mTIt is the total number of units of route distribution transformer;ΔPOiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer noload losses power;UfiIt is
I-th station power distribution load tap changer voltage (kV);UaviIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer access point voltage.
Compared with the existing technology, a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method of the present invention has following excellent
Gesture:
By the invention it is possible to carry out the work of basic theory line loss calculation, the range of unknown loss in practical line loss is defined
It to formulate corresponding reducing loss measure is Electric Power Network Planning, transformation and capacitance reactive compensation, economical operation with the space of decreasing loss
Reliable foundation is provided.
On the one hand, to judge whether different types of line loss rationally provides reference frame, to mitigate grass-roots unit
MV distribution systems be lost statistical work amount, avoid the investment of a large amount of manpower and material resources, reduce human cost and improve
Working efficiency;On the other hand, convenient for accurately grasping the MV distribution systems exhaustion range eliminated other than operational management factor, it is
The amendment of distribution line management line loss beyond line loss range provides data supporting, to enhancing power grid anti-accident ability, improves
Regulation maintenance levels has important more practical value and realistic meaning.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of calculation flow of the invention.
Fig. 2 is distribution schematic diagram along the first load.
Fig. 3 is distribution schematic diagram along second of load.
Fig. 4 is distribution schematic diagram along the third load.
Fig. 5 is distribution schematic diagram along the 4th kind of load.
Fig. 6 is distribution schematic diagram along the 5th kind of load.
Fig. 7 is distribution schematic diagram along the 6th kind of load.
Fig. 8 is distribution schematic diagram along the 7th kind of load.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment can be mutual
Combination.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
By taking the loss analysis of 10KV MV distribution systems as an example:
10kV via net loss is influenced by many factors, can be divided into three categories according to each factor property, is power grid respectively
Apparatus factor, electric power network technique factor, power load distributing.
Grid equipment factor mainly includes the factors such as transformer, route, reactive-load compensation equipment.
Electric power network technique factor refers mainly to different equipment technologies influential on line loss tool, mainly includes:Voltage-regulating technique and nothing
Function compensation technique etc..
Power load distributing refers to the type that load is distributed along route.
One:Grid equipment factor
1. transformer influences 10kV via net loss
Transformer selection is mainly manifested in transformer capacity, number transformer and transformer model (S7 system to line loss influence
Column, S9 series, S11 series etc.) on.
To identical load, existing makes the smallest transformer capacity of transformer loss, and transformer damages when deviateing this capacity
Consumption will increase.To same time 10kV route, number transformer influences loss.
Transformer loss the line is busy damage specific gravity it is larger, answer emphasis to account for the total capacity and quantity of transformer, such as 10
30% transformer of load factor of SCB10-500 calculates as follows:
It is equivalent to be negative with the equivalent replacement of maximum capacity model SCB10-2500 in current SCB10 type when calculating minimal losses
The SCB10-2500 transformer 10*500/2500=2 platform of load rate 30%.Then the SCB10- of this 2 load factors 30% is calculated
2500 transformer losses minimal losses the most.
When calculating maximum loss, with the equivalent replacement of minimum capacity model SCB10-250 in current SCB10 type:It is equivalent to be negative
It is 10*500/250=20 platform that load rate, which is 30% SCB10-250 number of units, then calculates and then calculate this 2 load factors 30%
SCB10-250 transformer loss maximum loss the most.
2. route influences 10kV via net loss
Wire type, line length, system of laying, arrangement of conductor even earthing mode of route etc. have loss
It influences.
When conductor cross-section increases, resistance is reduced, and will lead to loss decline;Conversely, resistance increases when conductor cross-section reduces,
It will lead to loss to rise.
When line length increases, resistance increases, and will lead to loss and rises;Conversely, resistance is reduced when line length reduces,
It will lead to loss decline.
Conductor laying mode, arrangement of conductor (horizontally arranged, vertical arrangement, triangle arrangement and wire spacing) affect
Line parameter circuit value (admittance, capacitor, reactance), to influence line loss.
In practice, conductor laying mode, arrangement of conductor and earthing mode influence line loss smaller, and emphasis consideration is answered to lead
Line style number and influence of the line length to line loss.
3. influence of the reactive compensation to 10kV via net loss
Reactive compensation, which mainly passes through compensation capacity, compensation way and compensation device distribution, influences line loss.
When Reactive Power Device capacity configuration difference, power network current will be different, to influence line loss;Different compensation ways
Also line loss is influenced.Reactive Compensation Mode is roughly divided into fixed compensation and automatic compensation at present.Fixed compensation is equivalent to change power grid
The magnitude numerical value of electric current is stable, and it is different for compensating the power network current size for being equivalent to and being changed to different loads automatically
, to influence line loss.In addition, the distribution of reactive power compensator also has an impact to line loss.By taking low-voltage compensation as an example, when only matching
When piezoelectric transformer low-pressure side installs reactive power compensator, the electric current of low-voltage circuit is had no effect on, only to more than distribution transformer being
System has an impact;And when user side installs reactive power compensator, then the electric current of low-voltage circuit can be reduced, to distribution transformer
System above similarly has an impact, to have an impact to line loss.
By above analysis it is found that reactive compensation changes power network current by the idle transmission in power grid of influence, and
Line loss and electric current it is square directly proportional, therefore, should be from the angle of line current so that reactive compensation produces bigger effect line loss
Consider influence of the Reactive Power Device to line loss.
4. influence of the other equipment to 10kV via net loss
Route is widely used iron or aluminum metal-ware, switch, automation installation and measuring equipment etc. are due to it
Model difference can also have an impact line loss, such as stem-winder loss, monthly up to 1kWh, electronic watch loss is the one of stem-winder
It is partly even more small.But for the biggish region of user power utilization electricity, influence of the factors above to line loss is smaller, it can not
Give consideration.
Two:Electric power network technique factor
1, influence of the voltage-regulating technique to 10kV via net loss
In operation, voltage is not to stablize constant to power grid, but is changed with the variation of load, and voltage-regulating technique can be
Change network voltage in more by a small margin, make whole network voltage within the allowable range.The voltage-regulating technique of voltage mainly has transformer regulating
(no excitation pressure regulation, on-load voltage regulation) and reactive compensation.When load is constant, voltage is increased using Voltage Technique, electricity can be reduced
Stream makes the reduction of route line loss, and the fixed loss of transformer at this time will increase;Inverse variation is then generated when reducing voltage.
It therefore, should influence of the voltage-regulating technique to 10kV via net loss from the point of view of line current.
2, influence of the reactive power compensation technology to 10kV via net loss
Reactive compensation is an important factor for influencing line loss, and influence of the reactive power compensation technology to line loss is embodied in reactive compensation dress
It sets in automatization level, such as fixed compensation, grouping switching automation compensation and dynamic auto compensation technique, improves line current,
Line loss is impacted.It therefore, should influence of the reactive power compensation technology to 10kV via net loss from the point of view of line current.
Three:Power load distributing factor
Payload and power load distributing have larger impact to line loss:Under voltage certain condition, function is lost in power network line
Rate and transformer variable loss power are directly proportional to load square, and load is bigger, and loss power is bigger, in the case where different load is horizontal
There is different power loss rates;Power load distributing is different, also has an impact to line loss.The line loss when load concentrates on power supply line end
Maximum, and loss minimization when route head end is concentrated on, line loss is interposed between the two under the conditions of other distributions.
Therefore, should influence of the payload to line loss from the point of view of line current, and consider seven kinds of power load distributing systems
Number (1, load is uniformly distributed;2, load uniformly successively decreases distribution;3, load uniform increments are distributed;4, load front half section uniform increments,
Second half section uniformly successively decreases;5, load front half section uniformly successively decrease, second half section uniform increments;6, first uniform increments along load, it is rear
It is even to successively decrease;7, first uniformly successively decrease along load, rear uniform increments) influence to line loss.
Four:Environmental factor
On the one hand the variation of meteorological condition will lead to the variation of electrical network parameter, so as to cause line loss variation.Such as temperature liter
Height will lead to resistance increase;Humidity increases, and will lead to leakage reactance and becomes smaller;Rainy weather will be such that soil resistivity reduces, and make ground connection electricity
Resistance is reduced.On the other hand meeting acceleration equipment aging has an impact the maintenance of the power supply facilities such as line corridor and health status, such as more
Core low-voltage insulation aging, Leakage Current increase, and increase equipment loss to a certain extent;Trees cleaning under line corridor is too late
When, it may cause and discharge tree, increase equipment loss.But the influence that the above generates line loss is smaller, so basic refuse
Consider.
Therefore, the factor for influencing 10kV via net loss mainly includes capacity of distribution transform combination, distribution transforming on-position, trunk resistance
Combination, the combination of basic routing line length, branch resistance, branched line length, backbone current, branch current and power load distributing coefficient 9
A factor.Wherein, capacity of distribution transform combination and distribution transforming on-position determine the loss of transformer;Trunk resistance combination, backbone
Road length, branch resistance combination, branched line length, backbone current, branch current and power load distributing coefficient determine route
Loss.
Therefore, using two basic network elements of line and transformer as the starting point, according to trunk resistance combination, basic routing line
Length, branch resistance combination, branched line length, backbone current and branch current have built the aerial of different load distribution pattern
Route and cable run loss model;The meter such as transformer copper loss and iron loss is built according to capacity of distribution transform combination and distribution transforming on-position
Calculate model;10kV via net loss computation model is obtained on this basis.
Following derivation is built upon in the case of various power load distributings, and overhead transmission line exports that electric current is identical, specified electricity along the line
On the basis of pressing equal, conductor resistance rate identical.Wherein L is overhead transmission line length (km);P is that feelings are uniformly distributed along load
Under condition, each load point three phase power (i.e. three-phase load density) (kW*km-1);P ' is along load in the case of non-uniform Distribution, respectively
Load point power (i.e. load density) (kW*km-1);Pi(i=1,2 ..., 7) it is the corresponding route beginning transmission of 7 kinds of power load distributings
Three phases active power (kW);Ii(i=1,2 ..., 7) be 7 kinds of power load distributings it is corresponding be along line current (A);U is specified along the line
Voltage (kV);It is power factor;Psi(i=1,2 ..., 7) it is the corresponding line power loss (kW) of 7 kinds of power load distributings;
R is the resistance (Ω) of conducting wire;R is resistance per unit length (Ω/km);Ksi(i=1,2 ..., 7) it is 7 kinds of power load distributing coefficients;I is
Line outlet monophase current virtual value (A).
One:Line loss calculates (calculating of power load distributing coefficient)
(1) it is uniformly distributed along load
As shown in Fig. 2, when 0<=Lx<When L, the active power and line loss expression formula such as equation of line transmission are such as
Shown in lower:
At Lx, the active power of line transmission is:
Total track length active loss is:
By above analysis, in the case of being uniformly distributed along load, the value of power load distributing coefficient takes 1.
(2) be evenly distributed reduction along load
As shown in figure 3, when 0<=Lx<When L, the active power and line loss expression formula such as equation of line transmission are such as
Shown in lower:
As Lx=0, there is P2=P1, then need:P'=2p
By above analysis, it is evenly distributed in the case of reduction along load, the value of power load distributing coefficient takes 3/5.
(3) be evenly distributed increase along load
As shown in figure 4, when 0<=Lx<When L, the active power and line loss expression formula such as equation of line transmission are such as
Shown in lower:
As Lx=0, there is P3=P1(outlet power is identical), then need:P'=2p
By above analysis, it is evenly distributed in the case of increase along load, the value of power load distributing coefficient takes 8/5.
(4) it is distributed front half section along load uniformly to increase, the second half section is uniformly reduced
As shown in figure 5, when 0<=Lx<When L/2, when disregarding the active power of second half section load, line transmission has at Lx
Function power is:
Work as L/2<=Lx<When L, line transmission active power is at Lx:
When 0<=Lx<When L/2, when considering the burden with power of route second half section, line transmission active power is at Lx:
As Lx=0, there is P4'=P1, then need:P'=2p
The route active loss of front half section is:
Work as L/2<=Lx<When L:
Be distributed by above analysis, along load front half section uniformly increase and in the case of the second half section uniformly reduces, load
Breadth coefficient takes 23/20.
(5) it is distributed front half section along load uniformly to reduce, the second half section uniformly increases
As shown in fig. 6, when 0<=Lx<When L/2, when disregarding the active power of second half section load, line transmission has at Lx
Function power is:
Work as L/2<=Lx<When L, line transmission active power is at Lx:
When 0<=Lx<When L/2, when considering the burden with power of route second half section, line transmission active power is at Lx:
As Lx=0, there is P5'=P1, then need:P'=2p
The route active loss of front half section is:
Work as L/2<=Lx<When L:
Front half section is distributed by above analysis, along load uniformly to reduce, in the case of the second half section uniformly increases, load point
Cloth coefficient takes 9/10.
(6) it is distributed along load and first uniformly increases, it is rear uniformly to reduce
As shown in fig. 7, when 0<=Lx<When η L, the load of this section of route of η L to L is not considered, the line transmission at Lx
Active power is:
As η L<=Lx<When=L, the active power of line transmission is at Lx:
When 0<=Lx<When η L, the load of this section of route of η L to L is considered, the active power of line transmission is at Lx:
As Lx=0, there is P6'=P1, then need:P'=2p
Route leading portion (0 to η L) consumption active power be:
As η L<=Lx<When=L,
Route back segment (η L to L) consumption active power be:
Total track length consumption active power be:
By above analysis, it is distributed along load in the case of uniformly being reduced after first uniformly increasing, power load distributing coefficient takes
(7) it is distributed along load and first uniformly reduces, it is rear uniformly to increase
As shown in figure 8, when 0<=Lx<When η L, the load of this section of route of η L to L is not considered, the line transmission at Lx
Active power is:
As η L<=Lx<When=L, the active power of line transmission is at Lx:
When 0<=Lx<When η L, the load of this section of route of η L to L is considered, the active power of line transmission is at Lx:
As Lx=0, there is P7'=P1, then need:P'=2p
Route leading portion (0 to η L) consumption active power be:
As η L<=Lx<When=L,
Route back segment (η L to L) consumption active power be:
Total track length consumption active power be:
By above analysis, it is distributed along load in the case of uniformly increasing after first uniformly reducing, power load distributing coefficient takes
Two:Distribution transformer winding loss calculates (transformer copper loss)
Transformer copper loss is divided into basic copper loss and additional copper loss two parts, the former refers to that first winding and secondary winding electric current exist
Caused resistance loss in winding, the latter are additional increased a part of copper loss, numerical value due to kelvin effect and kindred effect
It is smaller, it can be ignored.Copper loss can be expressed as the sum of loss value caused by the resistance of former secondary coil.Then copper loss PCuTable
It is as follows up to formula:
Wherein, mTIt is the total number of units of route distribution transformer;ΔPkiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer short-circuit loss power;IpiIt is
Flow through the electric current of the i-th station power distribution transformer;IgiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer rated current.
Three:Distribution transformer core loss calculates (transformer iron loss)
Transformer iron loss can be divided into basic iron loss and additional iron losses, the former refers to that main flux causes in the core under normal circumstances
Magnetic hysteresis and misfortune stream loss;The latter includes because local eddy currents caused by silicon steel sheet insulating damage in the core are lost and in structure
Caused eddy-current loss etc., can be ignored in component.Then, iron loss PFeExpression formula is as follows:
Wherein, mTIt is the total number of units of route distribution transformer;ΔPOiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer noload losses power;UfiIt is
I-th station power distribution load tap changer voltage (kV);UaviIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer access point voltage.
In conclusion theoretical line loss caluclation process is as shown in Figure 1, calculate basic routing line loss;Calculate branched line loss;
Calculate distribution transforming copper loss contained by route;Calculate distribution transforming iron loss contained by route;The sum of calculated result of above-mentioned steps, as Molded Line
Damage.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) basic routing line loss is calculated;
(2) branched line loss is calculated;
(3) distribution transforming copper loss contained by route is calculated;
(4) distribution transforming iron loss contained by route is calculated;
(5) the sum of the calculated result of step (1) to (4), as theory wire loss;
The calculation method of basic routing line loss is:
PIt is main=α I2rl
Wherein, α is trunk power load distributing coefficient, and a mouthful electric current is done based on I, and r is trunk resistance per unit length, and l is beam length;
The determination method of trunk power load distributing factor alpha is:
A, it is uniformly distributed along load, trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 1;
B, be evenly distributed reduction along load, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 3/5;
C, be evenly distributed increase along load, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 8/5;
D, it is distributed front half section along load uniformly to increase, the second half section is uniformly reduced, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 23/20;
E, it is distributed front half section along load uniformly to reduce, the second half section uniformly increases, and trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is 9/10;
F, it is distributed along load and first uniformly increases, rear uniformly to reduce, trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is:
Wherein, η1Increase the separation with load reduction for load;
G, it is distributed along load and first uniformly reduces, rear uniformly to increase, trunk power load distributing factor alpha value is:
Wherein, η2It is reduced and the increased separation of load for load.
2. a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the branch
The calculation method of line loss is:
PPoint=Ib 2rblb
Wherein, IbFor branched line average current, rbFor branching unit length resistance, lbFor branch length.
3. a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the distribution transforming
The calculation method of copper loss is:
Wherein, mTIt is the total number of units of route distribution transformer;ΔPkiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer short-circuit loss power;IpiIt is to flow through
The electric current of i-th station power distribution transformer;IgiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer rated current.
4. a kind of medium-voltage distribution circuit theoretical line loss caluclation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the distribution transforming
The calculation method of iron loss is:
Wherein, mTIt is the total number of units of route distribution transformer;ΔPOiIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer noload losses power;UfiIt is i-th
Distribution transformer tap voltage;UaviIt is the i-th station power distribution transformer access point voltage.
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