CN105097296B - A kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses - Google Patents

A kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses Download PDF

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CN105097296B
CN105097296B CN201510426489.3A CN201510426489A CN105097296B CN 105097296 B CN105097296 B CN 105097296B CN 201510426489 A CN201510426489 A CN 201510426489A CN 105097296 B CN105097296 B CN 105097296B
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electrode plate
electric layer
electric
electrolyte
positive electrode
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CN105097296A (en
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蒋岑
蒋述金
李智琳
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, and it includes positive electrode plate（1）, negative electrode plate（2）, barrier film（3）, non-electrolytic solution and electrolyte solution, barrier film（3）Positioned at positive electrode plate（1）And negative electrode plate（2）Between, and positive electrode plate（1）And barrier film（3）With negative electrode plate（2）And barrier film（3）Between form ion storage space respectively, non-electrolyte and electrolyte solution are respectively in ion storage space.The present invention has following two advantages：First, the interfloor distance of 4 electric double layers is suitable with electrolyte or non-electrolyte bulk of molecule, thus this capacitor has the characteristics of existing double layer capacitor possessed pole span is small.Second, the operating voltage of existing monomer ultracapacitor is below electrolyte decomposition voltage, and this capacitor working pressure can be higher than electrolyte decomposition voltage, it is square directly proportional due to capacitor energy storage and voltage, thus, this capacitor has the potentiality of larger storage electric energy.

Description

A kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses
Technical field
The present invention relates to capacitor area, and in particular to a kind of monomer high-voltage super electric capacity with 4 double electrical layerses Device.
Background technology
Existing ultracapacitor has larger capacitance, makes it have the ability of certain storage electric energy, but existing list Body ultracapacitor operating voltage is general very low, due to capacitor energy storage and square directly proportional, its storage electricity of its operating voltage Can ability it is extremely limited, storage energy density is far below chemical storage batteries, far from meeting actual operation requirements.
At present, the typical case of ultracapacitor and other energy-storage capacitors, which improves product, following several classes：First, combined type surpasses Level capacitor, i.e., change an electric double layer of ultracapacitor the form for making insulation membrane electrode, that is, by ultracapacitor 2 electric double layers be changed to+1 dielectric film of 1 electric double layer, because dielectric film can bear higher voltage, thus improve list The operating voltage of body ultracapacitor.Second, pseudocapacitors, reversible electrochemical reaction can occur for the electrode of such a capacitor, It is equivalent to and increases capacitance.Third, be combined with existing battery technology, with set both the advantages of, and then improve super electricity The storage capacity of container.
Using the very big material of relative dielectric constant, capacitor working pressure can be increased substantially, this is also storage capacitor One option of device research.Such product has disengaged from existing ultracapacitor typical structure without electric double layer feature, but from principle Say, due to operating voltage can be increased substantially, thus more electric energy can be stored.
Also a kind of so-called high-voltage super capacitor, be by the way that monomer ultracapacitor string or parallel combination are formed, with High voltage use condition is adapted to, this is a kind of application of ultracapacitor, does not improve monomer ultracapacitor substantially Performance.
From the above mentioned, the above improves the significant innovation being not directed in ultracapacitor principle, thus improvement effect ten Divide limited.
It is necessary to seek new principle and thinking, to realize the relatively quantum jump of storage capacity.
The content of the invention
The present invention is mainly by following technical proposals to solve the deficiency of existing ultracapacitor：
A kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, it is characterised in that including：
Positive electrode plate：The positive pole of power supply is connect for the positive pole of capacitor, during for being charged to capacitor；Or during to load discharge Connect the positive pole of load；
Negative electrode plate：The negative pole of power supply is connect for the negative pole of capacitor, during for being charged to capacitor；Or during to load discharge Connect the negative pole of load.It is ion storage space between the positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate；
Non-electrolytic solution：It is divided into two kinds of situations,
Situation one：It is full of in positive electrode plate inner surface, after positive electrode plate assembles positive charge, in the inner surface of positive electrode plate The electric dipole of 1 layer of dense arrangement being made up of non-electrolyte molecule is formed, while forms 2 electric double layers, i.e. positive electrode plate A electric layer is formed between the negative electrical charge end of electric dipole, B electric layer is formed between the negative electrical charge end and positive charge end of electric dipole；
Situation two：It is full of in negative electrode plate inner surface, after negative electrode plate assembles negative electrical charge, in the inner surface of negative electrode plate The electric dipole of 1 layer of dense arrangement being made up of non-electrolyte molecule is formed, while forms 2 electric double layers, i.e. negative electrode plate E electric layer is formed between the positive charge end of electric dipole, F electric layer is formed between the negative electrical charge end and positive charge end of electric dipole；
Electrolyte solution：It is divided into two kinds of situations,
Situation one：Electrolyte solution is full of in ion storage space, and the order being full of is after the formation of B electric layer. Due to being obstructed between Electrolytes and positive electrode plate by B electric layer, and B electric layer is made up of non-electrolyte molecule, therefore, electrolysis Matter anion will not carry out charge-exchange with the positive charge end of B electric layer, also do not pass through B electric layer and go to connect with positive electrode plate inner surface Touch, for B electric layer equivalent to having insulating effect to Electrolytes, i.e. Electrolytes can only be gathered in the positive electricity of B electric layer Lotus end neighbour simultaneously forms C electric layer therewith；
In addition, D electric layer is formed between electrolyte cation and negative electrode plate；
In 4 the A electric layer, B electric layer, C electric layer and D electric layer electric double layers, only B electric layer is formed by non-electrolyte molecule； Meanwhile because B electric layer is formed by non-electrolyte molecule, the voltage of electrolyte decomposition voltage can be withstood greater than, so as to by A electricity Layer, B electric layer, C electric layer and D electric layer form the monomer high-voltage capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses；
Situation two：Electrolyte solution be full of in ion storage space, and be full of order be F electric layer formation after, Due to being obstructed between electrolyte cation and negative electrode plate by F electric layer, and F electric layer is made up of non-electrolyte molecule, therefore, electrolysis Matter cation will not carry out charge-exchange with the negative electrical charge end of F electric layer, also do not pass through F electric layer and go to connect with negative electrode plate inner surface Touch, for F electric layer equivalent to having insulating effect to Electrolytes, i.e. electrolyte cation can only be gathered in the negative electricity of F electric layer Lotus end neighbour simultaneously forms G electric layer therewith；
In addition, H electric layer is formed between Electrolytes and positive electrode plate；
In 4 the E electric layer, F electric layer, G electric layer and H electric layer electric double layers, only F electric layer is formed by non-electrolyte molecule； Meanwhile because F electric layer is formed by non-electrolyte molecule, the voltage of electrolyte decomposition voltage can be withstood greater than, so as to by E electricity Layer, F electric layer, G electric layer and H electric layer form the monomer high-voltage capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses.
In a kind of above-mentioned monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, in addition to a barrier film：It is arranged on Between positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate, positive electrode plate is formed an ion respectively with barrier film with barrier film and negative electrode plate and store up Deposit space；It is top ion storage space and bottom ion storage space respectively；
In a kind of above-mentioned monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, non-electrolytic solution is by polarity Molecule is formed；Though or be nonpolar molecule, in the presence of external electric field, the center of positive charge of molecule can with center of negative charge Separation, can form electric dipole.
In a kind of above-mentioned monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, in addition to a voltage monitoring Device, the positive and negative electrode both ends of voltage monitoring equipment electrically connect with positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate respectively.
In a kind of above-mentioned monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, it is full of in positive electrode plate or negative The quantity of the non-electrolyte molecule of battery lead plate inner surface meets condition：
The area for defining positive electrode plate or negative electrode plate inner surface is S, and non-electrolyte molecular cross sectional area is P, non-electrolyte Molecules M=kS/P, k >=1 are coefficient；It is non-in the presence of electric field force after positive electrode plate or negative electrode plate aggregation electric charge The electric dipole that electrolyte molecule is formed will be along positive electrode plate or negative electrode plate inner surface proper alignment, when non-electrolyte molecule is complete When portion participates in arranging and is arranged as the electric dipole of dense arrangement, k=1 is optimal, i.e., non-electrolyte molecule all covers In positive electrode plate or negative electrode plate inner surface.
The invention has the advantages that：1st, the distance between capacitor positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate are defined and is referred to as pole span. Due to equivalent to 1 capacitor of 1 electric double layer, it is clear that the pole spans of above-mentioned 4 electric double layers and electrolyte or non-electrolyte molecule Sizableness, therefore, the present invention have the advantages of pole span is small, and this point is similar with existing double layer capacitor；2nd, existing double electricity Layer capacitor can be considered 2 capacitor series connection, and this capacitor can be considered 4 capacitor series connection, but both pole spans are close, if two The area of the positive and negative electrode of person is identical, then capacitance of the invention is about the 1/2 of double layer capacitor.But double layer capacitor it Operating voltage is not above electrolyte decomposition voltage, and the operating voltage of the present invention can be higher than electrolyte decomposition voltage, due to electricity Container energy storage is directly proportional to voltage squared, and therefore, the present invention possesses the potentiality of larger storage electric energy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1-1 is that positive electrode inner surface is full of the electric dipole of non-electrolyte molecule formation dense arrangement and forms A electric layer With the schematic diagram of B electric layer.
Fig. 1-2 is that the schematic diagram of formation C electric layer and D electric layer after electrolyte solution is full of in Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-3 is the schematic diagram after Fig. 1-2 septations add.
Fig. 2-1 is that negative electrode inner surface is full of the electric dipole of non-electrolyte molecule formation dense arrangement and forms E electric layer With the schematic diagram of F electric layer.
Fig. 2-2 is that the schematic diagram of formation G electric layer and H electric layer after electrolyte solution is full of in Fig. 2-1.
Fig. 2-3 is the schematic diagram after Fig. 2-2 septations add.
Fig. 3 is in the present invention, non-electrolytic solution is full of in positive electrode plate inner surface, the structural representation of whole electric capacity Figure.
Fig. 4 is the structure simplified diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment：
Below, so that non-electrolytic solution is full of in the inner surface of positive electrode plate 1 as an example, illustrate.
As shown in Figure 1.It is molten that the present invention includes positive electrode plate 1, negative electrode plate 2, barrier film 3, non-electrolytic solution and electrolyte Liquid, barrier film 3 is between positive electrode plate 1 and negative electrode plate 2, and between positive electrode plate 1 and barrier film 3 and negative electrode plate 2 and barrier film 3 Ion storage space is formed respectively, and non-electrolytic solution and electrolyte solution are located in ion storage space respectively.
Appropriate non-electrolytic solution is being full of close to the ion storage space of the side of positive electrode plate 1 and applies DC voltage Afterwards, the electric dipole being made up of non-electrolyte molecule can be assembled in the presence of electric field force to positive electrode plate 1, and in positive electrode The inner surface of plate 1 forms electric dipole be made up of non-electrolyte molecule, dense arrangement, while forms 2 electric double layers, i.e., A electric layer 11 is formed between positive electrode plate 1 and the negative electrical charge end of electric dipole, between the negative electrical charge end and positive charge end of electric dipole Form B electric layer 12.Electrolyte solution is injected after the formation of B electric layer 12, then in ion storage space, because electrolyte can be dissociated into Cation and anion, but obstructed between Electrolytes and positive electrode plate 1 by B electric layer 12, and B electric layer 12 is by non-electrolyte Molecule is formed, and therefore, Electrolytes will not carry out charge-exchange with the positive charge end of B electric layer 12, also not pass through B electric layer 12 go to contact with the inner surface of positive electrode plate 1, and B electric layer 12 equivalent to having insulating effect to Electrolytes, i.e. bear by electrolyte Ion can only be gathered in the positive charge end neighbour of B electric layer 12 and form C electric layer 13 therewith；In addition, electrolyte cation and negative electricity D electric layer 14 is formed between pole plate 2, there are 4 double electricity so as to form 1 by A electric layer 11, B electric layer 12, C electric layer 13, D electric layer 14 The monomer high-voltage capacitor of Rotating fields.
It is full of in ion storage space in appropriate non-electrolytic solution, the implication of " appropriate "：If positive electrode plate 1 adheres to non- The area of electrolyte electric dipole is S, and non-electrolyte electric dipole sectional area is P, non-electrolyte Molecules M=kS/P, k >= 1 is coefficient.Apply voltage between positive electrode plate 1 and negative electrode plate 2 and after making the surface aggregation electric charge of positive electrode plate 1, in electricity In the presence of field force, the electric dipole that non-electrolyte molecule is formed will work as non-electrolyte along the inner surface proper alignment of positive electrode plate 1 K=1 is optimal when electric dipole all participates in arranging and electric dipole is arranged as compact texture, i.e. non-electrolyte molecule All it is covered in the surface of positive electrode plate 1.With it is optimal close when be considered as " appropriate ".In addition, positive electrode plate 1 and negative electrode plate during k=1 The voltage applied between 2 is referred to as Critical Control voltage.
Voltage monitoring equipment is using Critical Control voltage as control standard, when the voltage between capacitor positive and negative electrode faces close to this During boundary's control voltage, alarmed.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to spirit explanation for example of the invention.Technology belonging to the present invention is led The technical staff in domain can be made various modifications or supplement to described specific embodiment or be replaced using similar mode Generation, but without departing from the spiritual of the present invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.

Claims (5)

  1. A kind of 1. monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses, it is characterised in that including：
    Positive electrode plate (1)：The positive pole of power supply is connect for the positive pole of capacitor, during for being charged to capacitor；Or during to load discharge Connect the positive pole of load；
    Negative electrode plate (2)：The negative pole of power supply is connect for the negative pole of capacitor, during for being charged to capacitor；Or during to load discharge Connect the negative pole of load；It is ion storage space between the positive electrode plate (1) and negative electrode plate (2)；
    Non-electrolytic solution：It is divided into two kinds of situations,
    Situation one：It is full of in positive electrode plate (1) inner surface, after positive electrode plate (1) assembles positive charge, in positive electrode plate (1) Inner surface forms the electric dipole of 1 layer of dense arrangement being made up of non-electrolyte molecule, while forms 2 electric double layers, i.e., just Form A electric layer (11) between battery lead plate (1) and the negative electrical charge end of electric dipole, the negative electrical charge end of electric dipole and positive charge end it Between formed B electric layer (12)；
    Situation two：It is full of in negative electrode plate (2) inner surface, after negative electrode plate (2) assembles negative electrical charge, in negative electrode plate (2) Inner surface forms the electric dipole of 1 layer of dense arrangement being made up of non-electrolyte molecule, while forms 2 electric double layers, i.e., negative Form E electric layer (21) between battery lead plate (2) and the positive charge end of electric dipole, the negative electrical charge end of electric dipole and positive charge end it Between formed F electric layer (22)；
    Electrolyte solution：It is divided into two kinds of situations,
    Situation one：Electrolyte solution be full of in ion storage space, and be full of order be B electric layer (12) formation after, Due to being obstructed between Electrolytes and positive electrode plate (1) by B electric layer (12), and B electric layer (12) is by non-electrolyte molecule structure Into therefore, Electrolytes will not carry out charge-exchange with the positive charge end of B electric layer (12), also not pass through B electric layer (12) Go to contact with positive electrode plate (1) inner surface, B electric layer (12) is equivalent to having Electrolytes insulating effect, i.e. electrolyte Anion can only be gathered in the positive charge end neighbour of B electric layer (12) and form C electric layer (13) therewith；
    In addition, D electric layer (14) is formed between electrolyte cation and negative electrode plate (2)；
    In (14) 4 the A electric layer (11), B electric layer (12), C electric layer (13) and D electric layer electric double layers, only B electric layer (12) is by non- Electrolyte molecule is formed；Meanwhile because B electric layer (12) is formed by non-electrolyte molecule, electrochemical dissolution electricity can be withstood greater than The voltage of pressure, there are 4 double electrical layerses so as to be made up of A electric layer (11), B electric layer (12), C electric layer (13) and D electric layer (14) Monomer high-voltage capacitor；
    Situation two：Electrolyte solution be full of in ion storage space, and be full of order be F electric layer (22) formation after, Due to being obstructed between electrolyte cation and negative electrode plate (2) by F electric layer (22), and F electric layer (22) is by non-electrolyte molecule structure Into therefore, electrolyte cation will not carry out charge-exchange with the negative electrical charge end of F electric layer (22), also not pass through F electric layer (22) Go to contact with negative electrode plate (2) inner surface, F electric layer (22) is equivalent to having Electrolytes insulating effect, i.e. electrolyte Cation can only be gathered in the negative electrical charge end neighbour of F electric layer (22) and form G electric layer (23) therewith；
    In addition, H electric layer (24) is formed between Electrolytes and positive electrode plate (1)；
    In (24) 4 the E electric layer (21), F electric layer (22), G electric layer (23) and H electric layer electric double layers, only F electric layer (22) is by non- Electrolyte molecule is formed；Meanwhile because F electric layer (22) is formed by non-electrolyte molecule, electrochemical dissolution electricity can be withstood greater than The voltage of pressure, there are 4 double electrical layerses so as to be made up of E electric layer (21), F electric layer (22), G electric layer (23) and H electric layer (24) High-voltage capacitor.
  2. 2. a kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses according to claim 1, its feature exist In, in addition to a barrier film (3)：Be arranged between positive electrode plate (1) and negative electrode plate (2), make positive electrode plate (1) and barrier film (3), And negative electrode plate (2) forms an ion storage space respectively with barrier film (3)；Be respectively top ion storage space and under Portion ion storage space.
  3. 3. a kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses according to claim 1, its feature exist In non-electrolytic solution is made up of polar molecule；Though or be nonpolar molecule, in the presence of external electric field, the positive electricity of molecule Lotus center can separate with center of negative charge, can form electric dipole.
  4. 4. a kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses according to claim 1, its feature exist In, an in addition to voltage monitoring equipment, the positive and negative electrode both ends of voltage monitoring equipment respectively with positive electrode plate (1) and negative electrode Plate (2) electrically connects.
  5. 5. a kind of monomer high-voltage super capacitor with 4 double electrical layerses according to claim 1, its feature exist In the quantity for being full of the non-electrolyte molecule in positive electrode plate (1) or negative electrode plate (2) inner surface meets condition：
    The area for defining positive electrode plate (1) or negative electrode plate (2) inner surface is S, and non-electrolyte molecular cross sectional area is P, non-electrolytic Matter Molecules M=kS/P, k >=1 are coefficient；After positive electrode plate (1) or negative electrode plate (2) aggregation electric charge, in electric field force Under effect, non-electrolyte molecule form electric dipole will along positive electrode plate (1) or negative electrode plate (2) inner surface proper alignment, When non-electrolyte molecule all participates in arranging and when being arranged as the electric dipole of dense arrangement, k=1 is optimal, i.e. non-electrical Solution matter molecule is all covered in positive electrode plate (1) or negative electrode plate (2) inner surface.
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JPH09283387A (en) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-31 Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd Electric double-layered capacitor
JP2007115721A (en) * 2005-10-17 2007-05-10 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Lithium ion capacitor
JP2007273700A (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Electric double layer capacitor
JP4022492B2 (en) * 2003-03-28 2007-12-19 日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of electric double layer capacitor
CN101350432A (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-01-21 富士重工业株式会社 Electric storage device
JP2009141181A (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power storage device cell and its control method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09283387A (en) * 1996-04-12 1997-10-31 Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd Electric double-layered capacitor
JP4022492B2 (en) * 2003-03-28 2007-12-19 日産ディーゼル工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of electric double layer capacitor
JP2007115721A (en) * 2005-10-17 2007-05-10 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Lithium ion capacitor
JP2007273700A (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Electric double layer capacitor
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JP2009141181A (en) * 2007-12-07 2009-06-25 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power storage device cell and its control method

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