CN105093261B - A kind of neutron, the γ discrimination systems of digitlization neutron spectrometer - Google Patents
A kind of neutron, the γ discrimination systems of digitlization neutron spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of neutron, the γ discrimination systems of digitlization neutron spectrometer, including detector, amplification wave-shaping circuit, Data Acquisition Card and host computer to screen module；Detector is used to detect neutron, the γ signals of radiation field to be measured, and gives neutron, γ signal transmissions to amplification wave-shaping circuit；Amplification wave-shaping circuit is used for the signal of pick-up probe transmission and will be transferred to Data Acquisition Card after signal amplification forming；Data Acquisition Card, which is used to receive the signal of amplification forming circuit transmission and converts after digital signal the signal to by analog signal, is transferred to host computer examination module；Host computer screens module and is used to receive the digital signal of Data Acquisition Card transmission and the digital signal is screened neutron, gamma-rays using real-time examination algorithm.Discrimination system of the present invention solves the problems, such as that zero-crossing timing method, Rise time need complicated, huge electronics plug-in system and Charge comparison method, pulsed gradient analysis number to screen algorithm and cannot can only in real time be screened using processed offline.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to neutron spectrum measurement fields, and in particular to a kind of digitlization neutron of neutron spectrometer, γ screen system
System.
Background technology
In fast neutron field, gamma-rays is always accompanied with neutron.Neutron detector often γ is penetrated it is sensitive, therefore,
How neutron event is distinguished in neutron, gamma-rays mixing field, γ events are to measure neutron fluence spectra and neutron DE
Key.
The fluorescence signal that organic scintillator in liquid scintillation detector is generated by electronics or particle excitated de excitation has
Lifetimes different 270ns~3ns.The rising stage that there are one the pulse meetings of the last one dynode or anode output quickly,
Mainly determined by the performance of photoelectric tube (1.66~3) ns.Pulse signal can haul out a tail simultaneously, there are 270ns it is slow at
Divide the fast component with 30ns.Slow component can increase with the increase of the prevention energy of secondary charged particle.Scintillator pulse shape
Shape is composed, as shown in figure 5, respectively scintillator gamma-rays, alpha ray pulse shape spectrum.
Neutron and gamma-rays can make scintillator send out blinking.Neutron event scintillator sends out phosphorescence, and γ things
Part scintillator sends out fluorescence.Visual texture, which is exactly neutron event, has long tail.This just makes two kinds of pulse patterns of carry out
Shape discrimination is possibly realized.
It introduces individually below and uses most neutrons, γ screening techniques at present：
1. zero passage method
This method is that Alexander was used earliest with 1961.More people's researchs are then passed through, are gradually improved.
Standard electronic packages have been made by CANBERRA companies, make commercial product.Current Neutron physics experiment rooms many in the world
All use it.Bibliography：Alexandar T K,Goulding F S.Nucl.Instr.Meth.1961,13:244；
2. Rise time
After the current impulse of photomultiplier is integrated, the difference of the speed composition of the fluorescence caused by neutron and gamma-rays
It is different, it is reflected on the rise time of pulse.The difference of this pulse rise time is become pulse width by Rise time
The difference of degree, it is realized by rise time amplitude variator.The dynode signal of photomultiplier is amplified, is divided to two
Road is respectively fed to lower constant fraction discriminator discriminator and upper constant fraction discriminator discriminator, is then added NAND gate by the two timings with mixing
Time interval between pulse becomes pulse width, then it is become amplitude from time-amplitude variator.
Bibliography：
Furuta Y,et al.Nucl.Instr.Meth.,1970,84:269；
Wang Guangyu, the auspicious atomic energy science and technologies of higher-dimension, 1975,4:319；
Zero-crossing timing method and Rise time major defect are：1. both methods is required for complicated electronic circuit
It realizes, economic cost is high, and circuit volume is very huge, is unfavorable for realizing that neutron during live neutron spectrum measurement, γ are penetrated
Line is screened；Need the parameter adjusted many 2. neutron, γ screen commercial electronic circuit, if the neutron to have obtained, γ are penetrated
Line screens effect, and the experimenter having wide experience is needed to adjust relevant parameter repeatedly, could obtain preferable examination effect.No
Neutron spectrometer intelligence, fool operation requirement are digitized conducive to realizing.
3. Charge comparison method is made to screen parameter progress particle discrimination with the ratio of signal difference interval integral amplitude.To detection
After the signal of device output is digitized acquisition, fast, the slow composition for pulse, accumulates signal different time intervals on computers
Point, the ratio for integrating amplitude is used for particle discrimination.
4. pulsed gradient analysis is the simple digitlization discriminating method of one kind proposed this year, peak value of pulse and peak value are chosen
A sample point afterwards calculates pulsed gradient, utilizes the different types for differentiating incoming particle of gradient.Under normal conditions, impulse wave
Peak and the optimal value range for choosing the time span Δ t between sample point are 15~25ns, and specific value is needed according to flicker
The material of detector and the characteristic of photomultiplier determine.
Charge comparison method and pulsed gradient analytical technology main problem are：Due to needing to tell digital sample, sample rate
It needs to be more than 1G/s, resolution ratio needs>12, sample point data size is 2 bytes, data volume per second commonly greater than 2G,
The so big data volume of current FPGA processing speeds processing cannot achieve complex process algorithm, therefore pulse signal difficult to realize
Digitlization is screened in real time, and live neutron spectrometer is even more difficult to realize pulse signal due to being limited by volume and data bus
Digitlization is screened in real time.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of digitlization neutron of neutron spectrometer, γ screens system
System solves zero-crossing timing method, Rise time needs complicated, huge electronics plug-in system and Charge comparison method, arteries and veins
It rushes gradient analysis number and screens the problem that algorithm can only use processed offline that cannot screen in real time；Realize intelligent, fool behaviour
Make, preferable examination effect can be obtained with abundant nuclear electronics commissioning experience by not needing spectrometer user；It is small.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of neutron, the γ of digitlization neutron spectrometer are provided
Discrimination system, including detector, amplification wave-shaping circuit, Data Acquisition Card and host computer screen module, and the detector is used for
The pulse signal of article to be measured is detected, and gives the pulse signal transmission to amplification wave-shaping circuit；The amplification wave-shaping circuit is used for
The pulse signal of pick-up probe transmission simultaneously will be transferred to Data Acquisition Card after pulse signal amplification forming；The digital collection
After card is used to receive the pulse signal of amplification forming circuit transmission and converts the pulse signal to digital signal by analog signal
It is transferred to host computer and screens module；The host computer examination module is used to receive the digital signal of Data Acquisition Card transmission and should
For digital signal using algorithm is screened in real time, i.e. pulse fall time screens algorithm to screen neutron, gamma-rays.
Further, the pulse fall time screens algorithm, is to decay composition mainly including slow composition according to pulse signal
With fast composition, neutron pulse signal is based on slow composition, and gamma-ray burst signal is based on fast composition, pulse signal peak atenuation
Neutron and gamma-rays are screened to different proportion time difference Δ t in real time.
Further, the pulse signal peak atenuation is first to establish a response in the module to the different proportion time difference
Function receives the address of a pulse data unit in receptance function, addresses the corresponding time letter of the data cell maximum value
Breath, then addresses the corresponding temporal informations of maximum value X%, then addresses the corresponding temporal informations of maximum value Y%, the two time
Difference Δ t draw time multiple tracks spectrum；The mapping relations one by one of pulse maximum amplitude and maximum amplitude X% and Y% time differences are established,
When examination judges, time road is screened in input, is neutron event, if the time difference if the time difference, which is more than, screens time road
Then it is γ events less than time road is screened.
Further, the data collecting card designs pattern using double channel A utoDMA, i.e. data collecting card writes data into
Calculator memory is transmitted that data to while memory on board；The data collecting card includes high-speed memory system, the high speed
Storage system is stored using extensive disk array and signal analysis and processing technology combines, for acquiring and recording in complex environment
The intermediate frequency of various modulation formats and frequency signal is set, and the original signal data of acquisition is passed through in high speed storing to disk array.
Further, the detector dodges detector using liquid, and the signal which dodges detector acquisition passes through photomultiplier
Dynode draw.
Further, the amplification wave-shaping circuit keeps pulse signal failing edge time response, the relatively low sample rate of use
The discrete point sampling for realizing pulse fall time, the host computer held after engagement are screened die-away time proportion grading in module and are calculated
Method realizes the real-time examination of incoming particle.
The beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in：
(1) neutron of the invention, γ discrimination systems solve zero-crossing timing method, Rise time needs complexity, huge
The problem of electronics custom plug-in system, it is effectively reduced equipment volume, quality and economic cost；
(2) present invention screens module using digitlization and realizes intelligent, fool operation, does not need spectrometer user's needs
Abundant nuclear power commissioning experience can obtain preferable examination effect, easy to operate；Module is screened in the digitlization, and liquid sudden strain of a muscle, which is beaten, takes
Grade signal carries out digital sample examination after primary simple amplification forming, small, improves the portability of spectrometer；
(3) present invention solves Charge comparison method, pulsed gradient analysis number examination algorithm can only use processed offline, it is difficult to
Realize the problem of screening in real time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the neutron of present invention digitlization neutron spectrometer, γ discrimination systems；
Fig. 2 is the amplification wave-shaping circuit of detector；
Fig. 3 a are failing edge 90% and 10% time difference to screen design sketch；
Fig. 3 b are failing edge 70% and 30% time difference to screen design sketch；
Fig. 3 c are failing edge 60% and 40% time difference to screen design sketch；
Fig. 3 d are failing edge 85% and 15% time difference to screen design sketch；
Fig. 3 e are failing edge 80% and 20% time difference to screen design sketch；
Fig. 4 is that neutron spectrum measurement neutron, gamma-rays screen spectrum in real time；
Fig. 5 is that scintillator gamma-rays, alpha ray pulse shape are composed in the prior art.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, being neutron, the γ discrimination systems of present invention digitlization neutron spectrometer, which includes that liquid dodges detection
Device, amplification wave-shaping circuit, Data Acquisition Card, host computer screen module.Detector is used to detect the pulse signal of article to be measured, and
Give the pulse signal transmission to amplification wave-shaping circuit；Amplification wave-shaping circuit is used for the pulse signal of pick-up probe transmission and should
It is transferred to Data Acquisition Card after pulse signal amplification forming；Data Acquisition Card is used to receive the pulse letter of amplification forming circuit transmission
Number and convert after digital signal by analog signal the pulse signal to and be transferred to host computer and screen module；Host computer screens module
For receive Data Acquisition Card transmission digital signal and by the digital signal using in real time examination algorithm come screen neutron, γ is penetrated
Line.
Its each section is mainly as follows：
1. explorer portion
Detector dodges detector using liquid, and the detector difference ionizing particle density of ionization is different, is dodged in detector in liquid
Pulse fall time is different, to screen neutron, γ signals.Detector uses BC501A, specification 5.08cm × 5.08cm, pulse
Signal is drawn from photomultiplier dynode, and detector adds high pressure as -1700V.
2. amplifying wave-shaping circuit
Circuit design makes every effort to use minimum electronic component, and integrating circuit resistance value is between 5M Ω -6M Ω, preferably 5M
Ω, capacitance is between 0.01 μ F-0.1 μ F, preferably 0.01 μ F, and differential circuit is keeping pulse signal failing edge time response,
Simultaneously when a pulse width control is in 1 μ s or so.Signal die-away time length is between 500ns-800ns, preferably 800ns.
As shown in Fig. 2, the DC voltage that circuit system needs is ± 6V, ± 12V, the pulse signal of detector transmission passes through the letter developed
After single amplification wave-shaping circuit, die-away time is elongated to 800ns, while circuit remains different incoming particle die-away times
Ratio characteristic can thus use relatively low sample rate to realize the discrete point sampling of pulse fall time, hold after engagement
Host computer screens die-away time proportion grading algorithm in module, which is only to calculate peak value of pulse signal to decay to difference
The time difference of ratio, calculation amount is relatively fewer, to realize the real-time examination of incoming particle.
3. Data Acquisition Card (AD conversion module)
Between digital collection card request sample rate 250M/s-500M/s, between resolution ratio 12-16.Digital collection mould
Formula uses double channel A utoDMA Model Designs, by memory on board data while Data Acquisition Card writes data into memory on board
It is transferred to calculator memory, the process of memory on board and data from memory on board to calculator memory, which is written, in data is and advances
Row, will not thus lose actual signal.Data Acquisition Card designs asynchronous AutoDMA algorithms, by the way of hardware interrupts, from
And realize the advantages that system CPU occupancy rate is low, data are copied directly to calculator memory, and DMA reboot times are fast.The digital collection
The ATS9350 capture cards of Canadian AlazarTeck companies may be used in card, and 500M/s, resolution ratio 12, number is arranged in sample rate
The bus structures of PCI-E × 8 are used according to bus, when sample rate is 500MS/s, the sampled point of a pulse is at 150 or so.Make number
Reach according to calculator memory speed is flowed to>1.4GB/s utilizes the storage of extensive disk array and Modern Signal Analysis treatment technology
It is merged, for realizing acquiring and recording the intermediate frequency or radiofrequency signal of various modulation formats in complex environment site environment,
The original signal data of acquisition is directly stored in being up to 1.4GB/s speed in disk array, disk array is assisted using SATA3
View realizes 10T disk arrays using 10 pieces of hard disks of RAID disk RAID card carry, realizes that data are total by the high-speed internal of 8GB/s
Line submits to CPU high speed processors, completes signal high speed processing and analysis.According to mixing field radiation characteristic and work around nuclear facilities
Make environmental requirement, using ARP690 Portable Reinforced cabinets.
4. host computer screens module
Host computer is screened module and is screened to neutron, gamma-rays using examination algorithm in real time.Algorithm is screened in real time to use
Pulse fall time screens algorithm, and pulse signal decays composition mainly including two parts, slow composition and fast composition, slow composition decaying
Time, fast composition die-away time was between 30ns-100ns between 500ns-800ns.Based on the slow composition of neutron pulse signal,
Based on the fast composition of gamma-ray burst signal.Algorithm is screened in real time and uses die-away time method, and pulse signal peak atenuation is not to year-on-year
Example time difference Δ t screens neutron and gamma-rays in real time.Wherein, pulse signal attenuation ratio can be determined arbitrarily, optimized and screened
Ratio is：Upper pulse timing section 60%-90%, lower pulse timing section 40%-10%.
Specific algorithm is as follows：
void CMyView::OnRecvData(WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
Receptance function OnRecvData is established in the module, receives the ground of a pulse data unit in receptance function
The address space that the pointer is directed toward is copied to the memory headroom opened up on stack by location pointer, addresses the data cell maximum value pair
Then the temporal information answered addresses 80% corresponding temporal information of maximum value, then address 20% corresponding time of maximum value letter
The difference Δ t of breath, the two time draws time multiple tracks spectrum.
Particle discrimination key code is as follows：
The mapping relations one by one for establishing pulse maximum amplitude and maximum amplitude X% and Y% time differences, when examination judges,
Time road is screened in input, if the time difference>Time road is screened, then is neutron event, if the time difference<Time road is screened, then is
Photo-event.Module can provide the only pulse amplitude spectrum of neutron event and the pulse amplitude spectrum of only photo-event automatically.
It needs to be determined by experiment neutron, the best X of photon examination, the ratio value of Y.Experimental design X=90%, Y=
10%；X=80%, Y=20%；X=85%, Y=15%；X=70%, Y=30%；Four groups of X=60%, Y=40% etc. is not
Data in proportion, Experimental source are241Am-Be standard sources.Effect is screened as shown in Fig. 3 a-3e, final X, Y ratio has chosen X=
This result of 80%, Y=20%.
In conclusion the present invention amplifies wave-shaping circuit using simple, in the premise for keeping pulse fall time proportionality
Under, signal die-away time is between 500ns-800ns.Compared to Charge comparison method, pulsed gradient analytic approach time window 100ns with
Interior, die-away time is effectively spun out.The purpose that die-away time is spun out is, thus can be to avoid using 1G-10G/s high-speed samplings
Analysis, because in 800ns die-away time length, 1 pulse width of 500M/s sample rates can have close to 500 sampled points,
Die-away time proportion grading is carried out enough.Relatively low sample rate make the data volume of calculating per second obtain dropping to 1G with
It is interior, while pulse fall time ratio examination algorithm is simpler compared to other algorithms, calculation amount per second declines, and coordinates PCI-E × 8
High speed data bus structure realizes neutron, γ realizes that digitlization is screened.When compared to currently used zero-crossing timing method, rising
Between method, algorithm is screened using number and has subtracted a large amount of electronics plug-in unit, effectively reduce equipment volume, quality and it is economical at
This.Include using zero-crossing timing method, Rise time electronic system：Put before NIM case power supply, ORTEC113 are fast,
Width is converted when ORTEC460 linear delay amplifier, 2 ORTEC583 constant fraction discriminators discriminators, ORTEC552SCA, ORTEC567
Device；Whole electronics need to take around 150,000 yuans, and occupied space is in 1m2Left and right, quality is in 10kg or so, using this
Discriminating method, it is only necessary to which a simple amplification wave-shaping circuit, cost is at 500 yuans, occupied space 50cm2, effectively save
The about portability of cost and spectrometer.Digitlization screens module and realizes intelligent, fool operation, and not needing spectrometer user needs
Nuclear electronics commissioning experience that will be abundant can obtain preferable examination effect.Realize neutron, gamma-ray digitlization in real time
It screens, neutron, gamma-rays examination spectrum can be provided in real time in the process by measuring neutron energy spectrum.Existing digitlization screening techniques charge compares
Method, pulsed gradient analytic approach are the off-line analysis after the completion of being acquired based on data, due to the huge of its data volume per second and are screened
The complexity of algorithm is not yet realized and is screened in real time.The present invention, by simple amplification wave-shaping circuit, is then carried out using pulse signal
Pulse fall time is analyzed, and data volume per second is less than 1GB, and examination algorithm is simple, it is achieved that the real-time Zhen in measurement process
Not, the real-time examination spectrum during pulse amplitude spectrum is measured, as shown in figure 4, lower curve is neutron pulse amplitude spectrum in figure, figure
It is that neutron, γ screen spectrum in real time in middle examination window.
Neutron, the γ discrimination systems of the digitlization neutron spectrometer of the present invention, however it is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementation mode, ability
Field technique personnel can derive other implementation manners according to the technical scheme of the present invention, and also belong to the technological innovation model of the present invention
It encloses.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of neutron, the γ discrimination systems of digitlization neutron spectrometer, including detector, amplification wave-shaping circuit, Data Acquisition Card
And host computer screens module, it is characterized in that：The detector is used to detect the pulse signal of radiation field to be measured, and by the pulse
Signal transmission gives amplification wave-shaping circuit；The amplification wave-shaping circuit for pick-up probe transmission pulse signal and by the pulse
It is transferred to Data Acquisition Card after signal amplification forming；The Data Acquisition Card is used to receive the pulse letter of amplification forming circuit transmission
Number and convert after digital signal by analog signal the pulse signal to and be transferred to host computer and screen module；The host computer is screened
Module is used to receive the digital signal of Data Acquisition Card transmission and by the digital signal using examination algorithm in real time, i.e. impulse attenuation
Time screens algorithm to screen neutron, gamma-rays；
Pulse fall time screens algorithm, be according to pulse signal composition of decaying includes mainly slow composition and fast composition, in
Subpulse signal is based on slow composition, and gamma-ray burst signal is based on fast composition, pulse signal peak atenuation to different proportion
Time difference Δ t screens neutron and gamma-rays in real time；
The pulse signal peak atenuation is first to establish a receptance function in the module, is responding to the different proportion time difference
The address for receiving a pulse data unit in function, addresses the corresponding temporal information of data cell maximum value, then addresses
The corresponding temporal informations of maximum value X% then address the corresponding temporal informations of maximum value Y%, are determined by experiment neutron, light
Son screens best X, and the difference Δ t of the ratio value of Y, the two time draws time multiple tracks spectrum；Establish pulse maximum amplitude and most substantially
The mapping relations one by one of value X% and Y% time differences, when examination judges, time road is screened in input, is screened if the time difference is more than
Time road is then neutron event, is γ events if the time difference, which is less than, screens time road.
2. neutron, the γ discrimination systems of a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The data
Capture card designs pattern using double channel A utoDMA, i.e., by the data while data collecting card writes data into memory on board
It is transferred to calculator memory；The data collecting card includes high-speed memory system, which utilizes extensive disk
Array stores and signal analysis and processing technology combines, for acquiring and recording the intermediate frequency of various modulation formats in complex environment and set
Frequency signal, and the original signal data of acquisition is passed through in high speed storing to disk array.
3. neutron, the γ discrimination systems of a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：The detection
Device dodges detector using liquid, and the signal which dodges detector acquisition is drawn by the dynode of photomultiplier.
4. neutron, the γ discrimination systems of a kind of digitlization neutron spectrometer as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that：The amplification
Wave-shaping circuit keeps pulse signal failing edge time response, the relatively low sample rate of use to realize the discrete point of pulse fall time
Sampling, the host computer held after engagement screen die-away time proportion grading algorithm in module, realize the real-time examination of incoming particle.
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| CN107272049B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-08 | 成都理工大学 | Digital n- γ discriminating method based on pulse width |
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| CN112505742B (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2022-08-26 | 成都理工大学工程技术学院 | Digital n-gamma discrimination method based on falling edge integration |
| CN112882082B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-03-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Measuring method of neutron-gamma ambient dose equivalent rate instrument based on pulse shape discrimination |
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