CN105092153B - A kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system and method - Google Patents
A kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105092153B CN105092153B CN201410201481.2A CN201410201481A CN105092153B CN 105092153 B CN105092153 B CN 105092153B CN 201410201481 A CN201410201481 A CN 201410201481A CN 105092153 B CN105092153 B CN 105092153B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system, including host computer, data collector, signal conditioner, crossbeam, connecting rod, force snesor, column, structural member, pedestal；Pedestal is set on ground；Uprights vertical is installed on pedestal；The fixation of crossbeam and column；Small end is connect with crossbeam, and lower end is connect with structural member；Each connecting rod is divided into two sections, which is connected to the upper and lower end face of force snesor；Force snesor, data collector, signal conditioner pass sequentially through signal wire and are connected；A kind of measuring method is further related to, including：The a certain axis of 1 holding structure part is placed in the horizontal direction；The dynamometry value F of 2 acquisitions at this timeaAnd Fb；3 establish equalising torque formula；4 obtain centroid position formula；Structural member is overturn 180 ° by 5, acquires dynamometry value F at this timea' and Fb', establish second group of equalising torque formula；6 obtain true centroid position.The present invention can accurately measure the centroid position of large-sized structural parts.
Description
Technical field
A kind of centroid measurement technical field of aircraft of the present invention, and in particular to high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement
System and method.
Background technology
Centrifugal test provides high acceleration environment using centrifuge, structural behaviour of the research test specimen under Centrifugal Environment and can
By property.Centroid measurement technology is mainly used in the fields such as space flight and aviation, vehicle, agricultural machinery, with scientific technological advance, barycenter
Measuring technique will obtain widely application.Also there are relevant regulations in China, and needing will to performances such as aircraft, helicopter, guided missiles
Higher product is asked to carry out analog acceleration environmental test.With the development of science and technology, centrifugal test technology also will be applied onto
Combined environment test, melt casting, biotechnology etc..
When carrying out centrifugal test, consider from experiment security standpoint, it is thus necessary to determine that the centroid position of test specimen, so as to calculate examination
Part is in overload procedure is centrifuged to the moment of flexure of centrifuge axis pin.If it exceeds the tolerance range of axis pin, then can generate axis pin huge
Big shearing force makes opposite slip occurs between axis pin and ringfeder, test specimen is caused to rotate in centrifuge front end, and then weight occurs
Big safety accident.So it needs to carry out counterweight to test specimen, to ensure barycenter in the range of safe handling.Therefore to test specimen before testing
Accurate measure of barycenter is just particularly important.
For large-sized structural parts, due to the influence of machining accuracy and assembly precision, practical barycenter may deviate reason
By hundreds of millimeters of barycenter, and when carrying out centrifugal test or other experiments, barycenter deviation will cause result of the test great shadow
It rings, so needing to determine the practical centroid position of measured piece by multiple means, so as to be adjusted to experimental rig, to meet
Test requirements document.
The centroid measurement method of structural member is broadly divided into two major class at present：One kind is using on-ground weigher method, and one kind is using outstanding
Extension method.Measured piece is mainly fixed on using tooling on on-ground weigher by on-ground weigher method, is calculated by the dynamometry value obtained at 2 points or 3 points
Obtain the centroid position of measured piece in one direction.Suspension method uses few in the centroid measurement of large-sized structural parts, but
Be both methods during centroid measurement is carried out, be all that measurement accuracy is ensured by mechanical structure, do not carry out the later stage
It corrects.Therefore can only measurement accuracy be determined by the machining accuracy of structure, and practical investigation can not be carried out to measurement result, root
According to the difference of measurement method, the measurement error is it is possible that reach between several millimeters to tens millimeters.According to different test requirements documents,
It needs by mass center measurement precision control within several millimeters or during smaller, current measuring method cannot be applicable in, and otherwise be surveyed
Amount result can not be verified, i.e., can generate major safety risks.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is provide a kind of measurement for reducing hardware by effective error correction to miss
The soft-error of difference and data collecting system, so as to reach the accurate centroid measurement system and method for measuring purpose.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that, a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts barycenter is surveyed
Amount system, including host computer, data collector, signal conditioner, crossbeam, connecting rod, force snesor, column, structural member, pedestal；
The pedestal is set on ground；Several uprights verticals are installed on pedestal；The crossbeam both ends difference
It is fixedly connected with the top of a plurality of uprights；Several described small ends are connected to crossbeam lower face；Connecting rod lower end and structure
Part connects；Each connecting rod is divided into two sections, which is connected to the upper and lower end face of force snesor；The power sensing
Device is connected by signal wire with data collector；Data collector is connect by signal wire with signal conditioner；The signal tune
Reason device is connect by signal wire with host computer.
The pedestal includes four casting pigs, which is vertically connected successively, is formed along perpendicular to ground
" mouth " character form structure that direction is seen from top to bottom, four cast iron each other by eave tile screw be fixedly connected.
Each connecting rod includes one group of full flight screw being made of upper screw rod and lower screw rod, and the upper screw rod of each connecting rod is under
Only there are one parallel rotational freedoms between screw rod；Pass through between the upper screw rod upper end of each connecting rod and crossbeam lower face
Screw thread is connected with the device that nut limits；The lower screw rod upper end of each connecting rod is connect with structural member.
The upper surface of force snesor is equipped with hickey, which is connected with the upper screw rod lower end of connecting rod；Power senses
Device lower face also is provided with hickey, which is connected with the lower screw rod upper end of connecting rod.
The height of the column is more than or equal to the summation of structural member full-size and connecting rod height.
A kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system, includes the following steps：
Step 1: the z-axis of holding structure part is placed in the horizontal direction；
Step 2: by after measuring system leveling and static stabilization, data collector is passed from the power at 2 Measurement channels a and b
At sensor, dynamometry value F at this time is acquiredaAnd Fb；If the systematic error of 2 force sensor measuring systems is respectively KaAnd Kb；
Step 3: taking square to whole system according to principle of moment balance, equalising torque formula is established；
Step 4: by FaAnd Fb, KaAnd KbEqualising torque formula is substituted into respectively, can obtain centroid position formula；
Step 5: structural member is overturn 180 °, data collector 2 acquires dynamometry value at this time at 2 force snesors 6
Fa' and Fb', the systematic error for taking 2 force sensor measuring systems is respectively Ka′、Kb′；And then it is public to establish second group of equalising torque
Formula；
Step 6: two groups of equalising torque formula are distinguished abbreviation, true centroid position is obtained；
Step 7: keeping the x directions of test specimen along horizontal positioned, step 2 is repeated to six, obtains the barycenter position on x directions
It puts；
Step 8: keeping the y directions of test specimen along horizontal positioned, step 2 is repeated to six, obtains the barycenter position on y directions
It puts.
In the step 2, include the following steps：
(1) measurement error of two force snesors 6 is set as K respectivelyaAnd Kb；
(2) actual value measured is needed to be set as G two force snesors 6 respectivelya、Gb；
(3) measured value of two force snesors 6 is respectively set as F respectivelya、Fb；
Then, Fa=Ga·Ka, Fb=Gb·Kb。
In the step three and four, according to equalising torque formula, square is taken to structural member big end：
Gx=Gb·L； (1)
G=Ga+Gb；X is the distance of barycenter and structural member large end face；L is distance of the structural member big end to small end；
And then true centroid position can be obtained and be
In the step 5, include the following steps：
(1) structural member is overturn 180 °；
(2) measurement error of two Measurement channels is set as K respectivelya′、Kb′；
(3) actual value of two Measurement channels is set as G respectivelya′、Gb′；
(4) measured value of two Measurement channels is respectively set as F respectivelya′、Fb′；
Then, Fa'=Ga′·Ka', Fb'=Gb′·Kb′；
Before and after structural member flip horizontal, the Measurement channel a and b does not change, then Ka'=Ka, Kb'=Kb；
Ga'=Gb, Gb'=Ga。
In the step 6, the measurement result twice of Measurement channel a is subjected to abbreviation, can be obtained
Bring formula (3) into formula (2), can obtain centroid position is
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) measuring system of the invention is suitable for the synthesis Centrifugal Environment experiment of all kinds of large-sized structural parts, can be by testpieces
Centroid offset calculate after feed back to operator, the safety and adjustment centrifugation in advance of experiment are judged according to the data obtained
Cabin system centroid motion.
(2) it in measuring method of the invention, is measured according to the actual experimental state of testpieces, it is whole so as to obtain experiment
The centroid offset of body takes preventive measures mainly by installing clump weight in testpieces upper-lower position come to centroid offset
Trim is carried out, ensures that the safety of experiment carries out.
(3) this pilot system and method consider influence of the measurement accuracy of measuring system to experiment, and the measurement of system is missed
Difference is calculated with the error parameter of single order, so as to obtain true centroid position, prejudges the safety of experiment, is trim experimental cabin
Center of gravity provides foundation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the parameter definition schematic diagram before 180 ° is overturn using the structural member of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the parameter definition schematic diagram after 180 ° is overturn using the structural member of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid calculation flow chart of the present invention；
In figure：1 host computer, 2- data collectors, 3- signal conditioners, 4- crossbeams, 5- connecting rods, 6- force snesors, 7- are stood
Column, 8- structural members, 9- pedestals.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system of the present invention, including host computer (1), data
Collector (2), signal conditioner (3), crossbeam (4), connecting rod (5), force snesor (6), column (7), structural member (8), pedestal
(9)；
The pedestal 9 is set on ground, and including four casting pigs, which is vertically connected successively,
It is formed along " mouth " character form structure seen from top to bottom perpendicular to ground direction, four cast iron passes through 4~8 each other
The eave tile screw of M20 is fixedly connected；
2 columns 7 are installed vertically on pedestal 9；The height of column 7 can be changed according to the size of structural member
Become；The pedestal 9 and column 7 are primarily used to form space support structure, convenient for by the suspension and installation of structural member；
4 both ends of crossbeam are fixedly connected respectively with the top of 2 root posts 7 by the eave tile screw of 4~8 M20；Crossbeam
4 are mainly used to bear shearing force, so 4 main body of crossbeam is welded using steel plate, stiffness and strength will be better than pedestal 9 and column
7；Crossbeam 4, column 7, pedestal 9 are so as to form the main body of a test platform；
25 upper ends of connecting rod are connected to crossbeam lower face；5 lower end of connecting rod is connect with structural member 8, easy to operation and peace
Dress；
Each connecting rod 5 includes one group of full flight screw being made of upper screw rod and lower screw rod, the full flight screw diameter
For 20mm, only there are one parallel rotational freedoms between the upper screw rod of each connecting rod 5 and lower screw rod, prevent structural member in position
It is interfered during adjustment；It is limited between 4 lower face of upper screw rod upper end and crossbeam of each connecting rod 5 by screw thread and nut
The device connection of position；The lower screw rod of each connecting rod 5 is connect by the hickey being arranged on structural member 8 with structural member 8；
At least two force snesors 6 are S type tension and compression type load cells, and end face is equipped with M20 hickeys, the screw thread thereon
Interface is connected with the upper screw rod lower end of connecting rod 5；6 lower face of force snesor also is provided with M20 hickeys, the hickey and connecting rod
5 lower screw rod upper end is connected；
At least two force snesor 6 is connected by included signal wire with data collector 2, to data collector 2
Transmit real-time force measuring Value Data；Data collector 2 is connect by signal wire with signal conditioner 3, and the signal conditioner 3 will be from
The real-time force measuring Value Data that the transmission of data collector 2 comes is improved；The signal conditioner 3 passes through signal wire and host computer 1
Test data after the conditioning of real-time force measuring Value Data is passed to host computer 1, tests people by connection, the signal conditioner 3
Member can carry out analysis calculating by host computer 1 to test data, so as to obtain true centroid position.
The height of the column 7 is more than or equal to the summation of structural member full-size and 5 height of connecting rod.
As shown in Fig. 2, the centroid measurement system of the present invention, which obtains structural member 8, overturns the parameter before 180 °, including 2 sensings
The measured value F that device measuresa、Fb, true force value Ga、Gb, error parameter Ka、Kb, the distance x of centroid distance structural member big end, knot
Construction weight G；
As shown in figure 3, the centroid measurement system of the present invention, which obtains structural member 8, overturns the parameter after 180 °, including 2 sensings
The measured value F that device measuresa′、Fb', true force value Ga′、Gb', error parameter Ka′、Kb', centroid distance structural member big end away from
From x, structural member weight G；
As shown in figure 4, centroid measurement operating procedure mainly includes adjusting, measurement, overturning, double measurement, calculating, output etc.
Key step.
As shown in figure 5, a kind of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement method provided by the present invention,
Step 1: the z-axis of holding structure part 8 is placed in the horizontal direction；
Step 2: by after measuring system leveling and static stabilization, data collector 2 is from the power at 2 Measurement channels a and b
At sensor 6, dynamometry value F at this time is acquiredaAnd Fb；The systematic error for taking 2 force sensor measuring systems is respectively KaAnd Kb；
Step 3: taking square to whole system according to principle of moment balance, equalising torque formula is established；
Step 4: by FaAnd Fb, KaAnd KbEqualising torque formula is substituted into respectively, can obtain centroid position formula；
Step 5: by 180 ° of structural member flip horizontal, data collector 2 acquires dynamometry at this time at 2 force snesors 6
Value Fa' and Fb', the systematic error for taking 2 force sensor measuring systems is respectively Ka′、Kb′；And then establish second group of equalising torque
Formula；
Step 6: two groups of equalising torque formula are distinguished abbreviation, true centroid position is obtained；
Step 7: keeping the x directions of test specimen along horizontal positioned, step 2 is repeated to six, obtains the barycenter position on x directions
It puts；
Step 8: keeping the y directions of test specimen along horizontal positioned, step 2 is repeated to six, obtains the barycenter position on y directions
It puts.
In the step 2, include the following steps：
(1) measurement error of two force snesors 6 is set as K respectivelyaAnd Kb；
(2) actual value measured is needed to be set as G two force snesors 6 respectivelya、Gb；
(3) measured value of two force snesors 6 is respectively set as F respectivelya、Fb；
Then, Fa=Ga·Ka, Fb=Gb·Kb；
In the step 3, according to equalising torque formula, square is taken to structural member big end：
Gx=Gb·L； (1)
G=Ga+Gb；X is the distance of barycenter and 8 large end face of structural member；L is distance of 8 big end of structural member to small end；
And then true centroid position can be obtained and be
In the step 5, include the following steps：
(1) structural member 8 is overturn 180 °；
(2) measurement error of two force snesors 6 is set as K respectivelya′、Kb′；
(3) actual value measured is needed to be set as G two force snesors 6 respectivelya′、Gb′；
(4) measured value of two force snesors 6 is respectively set as F respectivelya′、Fb′；
Then, Fa'=Ga'·Ka', Fb'=Gb'·Kb'；
Before and after structural member flip horizontal, the Measurement channel a and b does not change, then Ka'=Ka, Kb'=Kb；
Ga'=Gb, Gb'=Ga；
In the step 6, the measurement result twice of Measurement channel a is subjected to abbreviation, can be obtained
Bring formula (3) into formula (2), can obtain centroid position is
Due to FaAnd FbAnd Fa' and Fb' it is measured value, Ga、GbFor actual value, so the centroid position expressed by formula (4)
The real centroid distance value being sized at after removal systematic error.
The present invention is explained in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing and specific implementation process, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Reality can also various changes can be made under the premise of present inventive concept is not departed from.The content not being described in detail in the present invention
To use the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system, it is characterised in that：The measuring system
Including host computer, data collector, signal conditioner, crossbeam, connecting rod, force snesor, column, structural member, pedestal；The pedestal
It is set on ground；Several uprights verticals are installed on pedestal；The crossbeam both ends respectively with the top of a plurality of uprights
End is fixedly connected；Several described small ends are connected to crossbeam lower face；Connecting rod lower end is connect with structural member；Each connecting rod point
For two sections, which is connected to the upper and lower end face of force snesor；The force snesor passes through signal wire and number
It is connected according to collector；Data collector is connect by signal wire with signal conditioner；The signal conditioner by signal wire with
Host computer connects；
Using the measuring method of the measuring system, include the following steps：
Step 1: the z-axis of holding structure part is placed in the horizontal direction；
Step 2: by after measuring system leveling and static stabilization, data collector is from the force snesor at 2 Measurement channels a and b
Place, acquires dynamometry value F at this timeaAnd Fb；If the systematic error of 2 force sensor measuring systems is respectively KaAnd Kb；
Step 3: taking square to whole system according to principle of moment balance, equalising torque formula is established；
Step 4: by FaAnd Fb, KaAnd KbEqualising torque formula is substituted into respectively, can obtain centroid position formula；
Step 5: structural member is overturn 180 °, data collector acquires dynamometry value F ' at this time at 2 force snesorsaWith F 'b,
The systematic error for taking 2 force sensor measuring systems is respectively K 'a、K′b；And then establish second group of equalising torque formula；
Step 6: two groups of equalising torque formula are distinguished abbreviation, true centroid position is obtained；
Step 7: keeping the x directions of test specimen along horizontal positioned, step 2 is repeated to six, obtains the centroid position on x directions；
Step 8: keeping the y directions of test specimen along horizontal positioned, step 2 is repeated to six, obtains the centroid position on y directions.
2. a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in accordance with the claim 1, feature
It is：The pedestal of the measuring system includes four casting pigs, which is vertically connected successively, is formed along vertical
In " mouth " character form structure that ground direction is seen from top to bottom, four cast iron each other by eave tile screw fix and connect
It connects.
3. a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in accordance with the claim 1, feature
It is：Each connecting rod of the measuring system includes one group of full flight screw being made of upper screw rod and lower screw rod, each connecting rod
Upper screw rod and lower screw rod between only there are one parallel rotational freedom；Under the upper screw rod upper end of each connecting rod and crossbeam
It is connected between end face by screw thread with the device that nut limits；The lower screw rod upper end of each connecting rod is connect with structural member.
4. a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in accordance with the claim 3, feature
It is：The upper surface of the force snesor of the measuring system is equipped with the upper screw rod lower end of hickey, the hickey and connecting rod
It is connected；Force snesor lower face also is provided with hickey, which is connected with the lower screw rod upper end of connecting rod.
5. a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in accordance with the claim 1, feature
It is：The height of the column of the measuring system is more than or equal to the summation of structural member full-size and connecting rod height.
6. a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in accordance with the claim 1, feature
It is：In the step 2, include the following steps：
(1) measurement error of two force snesors is set as K respectivelyaAnd Kb；
(2) actual value that two force snesor needs measure is set as G respectivelya、Gb；
(3) measured value of two force snesors is respectively set as F respectivelya、Fb；
Then, Fa=Ga·Ka, Fb=Gb·Kb。
7. according to a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in claim 6, feature
It is：In the step three and four, according to equalising torque formula, square is taken to structural member big end：
Gx=Gb·L； (1)
G=Ga+Gb；X is the distance of barycenter and structural member large end face；L is distance of the structural member big end to small end；
And then true centroid position can be obtained and be
8. according to a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system described in claim 7, feature
It is：In the step 5, include the following steps：
(1) structural member is overturn 180 °；
(2) measurement error of two Measurement channels is set as K ' respectivelya、K′b；
(3) actual value of two Measurement channels is set as G ' respectivelya、G′b；
(4) measured value of two Measurement channels is respectively set as F ' respectivelya、F′b；
Then, F 'a=G 'a·K′a, F 'b=G 'b·K′b；
Before and after structural member flip horizontal, the Measurement channel a and b does not change, then K 'a=Ka, K 'b=Kb；G′a=
Gb, G 'b=Ga。
9. according to a kind of measuring method of high-precision large-sized structural parts centroid measurement system according to any one of claims 8, feature
It is：In the step 6, the measurement result twice of Measurement channel a is subjected to abbreviation, can be obtained
Bring formula (3) into formula (2), can obtain centroid position is
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| WO2021083539A1 (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-05-06 | Thyssenkrupp Presta Ag | Test device and method for evaluating the noise behaviour of an assembly |
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| CN106768635B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-05-17 | 中国海洋大学 | Submarine navigation device centre of buoyancy measurement method |
| CN109374204A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-02-22 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Three floating instrument float assembly balance detecting devices of one kind and method |
| CN109341950A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-15 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of inclined measurement method of cone columnar member mass center matter |
| CN112362237A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-12 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Full differential torque measurement device and method based on static pressure spherical air bearing |
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