CN105092129A - Rotation machine axial force testing apparatus and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Rotation machine axial force testing apparatus and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105092129A CN105092129A CN201510401975.XA CN201510401975A CN105092129A CN 105092129 A CN105092129 A CN 105092129A CN 201510401975 A CN201510401975 A CN 201510401975A CN 105092129 A CN105092129 A CN 105092129A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a rotation machine, more particularly to a rotation machine axial force testing apparatus and a testing method thereof. The apparatus comprises a housing, a bearing, a rotation shaft and a sensor. The rotation shaft is fixedly connected to the inner ring of the bearing. The outer ring of the bearing is fixedly connected with the housing. The rotation shaft is sleeved by the sensor. Signals outputted from the sensor are electrically connected to a signal processing device; the rotation shaft and a rotation machine are connected through a keyless connection component and the rotation shaft is connected with a motor through a shaft coupler. The apparatus has great universality to test the axial force of a variety of rotation machines. The apparatus can also carry out/perform in one direction or two directions with a 1% range error tolerance. Simple in structure, the apparatus is an independent device and is convenient to install. When in use, a rotation machine needs not to be modified. Capable of providing an effective means to problems of axial force balance among various machines, the apparatus and method can be promoted for wider applications.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rotating machinery field, particularly a kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery and method of testing thereof.
Background technology
Various rotating machinery as water pump, blower fan, compressor, fan blower, steam turbine etc., its blade in rotary work process, because the effect of medium can produce axial force.For water pump, blade water pump is in operational process, current are after impeller acting, become water under high pressure, produce differential water pressures afterwards before the impeller, differential water pressures and waterpower dynamical reaction are the principal elements that pump rotor produces axial force, and axial force all can produce adverse influence to bearing life, operation stability, mechanical loss; The parts considering to arrange balancing axial thrust are needed in product design process, as equalizing port, balance pipe, back blade, balancing drum, balancing frame, structural symmetry layout etc., axial force is along with pump discharge, rotation speed change and changing, if axial force data can be measured exactly, the R&D process of water pump is had very great help.
The patent No. is the patent of invention " a kind of proving installation of centrifugal pump impeller dynamic axial power " of " 201310673676.2 ", disclose the axial-force testing device of centrifugal pump, the patent No. is the patent of invention " pump shaft axial-force testing device " of " 201410138404.7 ", disclose the axial-force testing device of magnetic drive pump, but these two schemes all need to do special transformation to the pump housing, complex structure, and the test component not having formation one relatively independent or proving installation, cause using shortage versatility; Have again, for single-stage single suction pump, need artificially in flow channels, to add the part such as axostylus axostyle, pump shaft, be not inconsistent with current main flow water pump structure, current change the running status of original fluid after streaming these parts, cause the running parameter of water pump to change, making can not Reality simulation operating mode completely, and test result produces error.
The patent No. is the utility model patent " axial force test instrument for pump " of " 201120184174.X ", disclose a kind of proving installation of pump axial force, but this device can only survey the axial force in a direction, survey bidirectional axial force must join two independent parts, there is certain limitation, unless particular design bearing body, otherwise the installation dimension space of parts is in the inner part difficult to meet the demands.In order to realize the sealing of high-pressure chamber, the O-ring seal between the piston of this proving installation and the sealing of pressure regulating cover must be compressed to certain degree, therefore can produce additional friction between piston and pressure regulating cover.According to its functional realiey principle, this part friction force can count among axial force.And in fact, if do not increase dynamometry parts, this friction force is non-existent, therefore, the friction force comprised in axial force is extra increasing, and therefore this test method exists the deviation of can not ignore.
At present generally experimental formula estimation is adopted to axial force; For sealing ring+impeller balance hole balancing axial thrust, Guan Xingfan " modern pump design manual " (the 1st edition, P502) empirical value is for can reduce axial force 85 ~ 90%, namely residue axial force is original 10 ~ 15%, in fact, various pump structure, specific speed, size have very big-difference, and the axial force of a lot of pump is beyond this scope, and estimated value and actual value still exist larger error; Sealing ring+equalizing port carries out the mode of axial force balance, and equalizing port balances most axial force, and residue axial force is then born by bearing, and equalizing port is too small, and bearing mechanical losses can increase, and causes total efficiency to decline; But equalizing port is to a certain extent excessive, only can brings the increase of leakage, can not change to axial force, result in the decline of total efficiency equally.Therefore, accurately measuring axial force is problem in the urgent need to address.
Tension-compression sensor method and spring balance mensuration is had at present to the measuring method of axial force, tension-compression sensor method is according to centrifugal pump structure, tension-compression sensor is directly installed on centrifugal pump gland, pulling piston is connected with pump rotor parts, by it by axial force transmission to tension-compression sensor, then power is converted to electric signal and records axial force; It is motionless that spring balance mensuration is that bearing seat is fastened on stator, bearing holder (housing, cover) and right bearing seat are clearance fit, the part be arranged in bearing holder (housing, cover) can move axially with rotor, gland connects dynamometry pull bar, utilizes lever principle, axial force measuration is carried out with spring balance, when pump operates, vane rotor body is partial to one end under the effect of axial force, pulls rotor placed in the middle by external force, this pulling force is equal with axial force, and the pulling force that force measuring machine records is axial force; But these two kinds of methods accurately can not measure axial force, also neither one is shaped an independently measurement mechanism, brings difficulty and inconvenience to measurement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of axial-force testing device and method of testing thereof of rotating machinery are proposed, the test of this device to the axial force of various machinery has versatility widely, the accurate measurement of the axial force to one or two direction can be realized, for the axial force balance problem solving various machinery provides effective means.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, comprise housing, bearing, rotating shaft and sensor, rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the inner ring of bearing, the outer ring of bearing is fixedly connected with housing, rotating shaft is set with sensor, the output signal of sensor is electrically connected with signal processing apparatus, and rotating shaft and rotating machinery adopt non-key type connector, and rotating shaft and motor adopt shaft coupling to connect.
Further, sensor is ring bodies, and mesopore and the described rotating shaft surface of ring bodies have certain interval.
Further, bearing comprises the clutch shaft bearing and the second bearing that are close together, and described sensor is a sensor, is arranged on the outside of clutch shaft bearing outer ring or the outside of the second bearing outer ring, between described bearing and sensor, arranges compensated loop.
Further, bearing comprises the clutch shaft bearing and the second bearing that are close together, described sensor is two sensors, comprise first sensor and the second sensor, at the arranged outside first sensor of clutch shaft bearing outer ring, at arranged outside second sensor of the second bearing outer ring, the first compensated loop is set between described clutch shaft bearing and first sensor, the second compensated loop is set between described second bearing and the second sensor.
Further, rotating shaft is stepped appearance rotating shaft, and the inner ring side of described bearing is close to the ladder of rotating shaft, and opposite side is fixed by axle sleeve and set nut.
Further, the non-key type connector that rotating shaft connects with rotating machinery is chuck, and the shaft coupling that described rotating shaft connects with motor is claw coupling.
Particularly, housing comprises mount pad and end cap, and the outer ring of bearing, the ring bodies of sensor, compensated loop are arranged on mount pad, and end cap comprises left end cap and right end cap, rotating shaft passes the mesopore of end cap, and the flange hole of left and right end cap is fixedly connected with mount pad respectively by bolt.
A method of testing for the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, comprises the following steps:
1) regulate the axial movement value of the rotating shaft of axial-force testing device between 0.35 ~ 0.45mm;
2), before test, the bearing replacing bearing axial force of rotating machinery is become only to bear the bearing of radial force;
3) connected with rotating machinery and motor respectively at the rotating shaft two ends of axial-force testing device, the signal wire of sensor connects with the transmitter of signal processing apparatus and touch-screen;
4) coarse adjustment: the rotating shaft of rotating machinery is carried out, in axis tune, measure with 1 millimeter of dimension accuracy;
5) accurate adjustment: the rotating shaft of axial-force testing device, the rotating shaft of rotating machinery and motor shaft are carried out, in radial direction tune, measure with 0.01 millimeter of dimension accuracy, guarantee that axial-force testing device, rotating machinery and motor three axles are on same axis;
6) start rotating machinery and motor, shown the axial force data of each operating point by signal processing apparatus in real time;
7) change the flow of rotating machinery, record the axial force data that each flow point is corresponding respectively;
8) record the data of more than 3 groups, average.
Particularly, step 1 also comprises,
Till rotating shaft is axially pushed into dieback toward any side, install dial gauge in the axial end of opposite side, zeroing, is pushed into dieback by described rotating shaft to opposite direction, is determined the axial movement value of described rotating shaft by the reading of dial gauge; If described shifting amount does not meet technical requirement, need carry out repeating above step, till meeting the requirements after adjustment is ressembled to the size of compensated loop.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
The test of the present invention to the axial force of various machinery has versatility widely, the accurate measurement of the axial force to one or two direction can be realized, error range is 1%, structure is simple, independently parts, easy for installation, do not need to transform rotating machinery itself, for the axial force balance problem solving various machinery provides effective means, easy to utilize.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention one;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention is connected with the pump housing;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention two;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention three.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention one, for measuring the axial force in clutch shaft bearing direction.As shown in Figure 1, a kind of axial-force testing device of rotating machinery, comprise housing, bearing, rotating shaft 1 and sensor, rotating shaft 1 is fixedly connected with the inner ring of bearing, the outer ring of bearing is fixedly connected with housing, and rotating shaft 1 is set with sensor, and the output signal of sensor is electrically connected with signal processing apparatus, rotating shaft 1 and rotating machinery adopt non-key type connector, and rotating shaft and motor adopt shaft coupling to connect.
Rotating shaft 1 is stepped appearance rotating shaft, and the inner ring side of bearing is close to the ladder of rotating shaft 1, and opposite side is fixed by axle sleeve 14 and set nut 15, thus realizes axially fastening; The non-key type connector that rotating shaft 1 connects with rotating machinery 20 is chuck 2, and the shaft coupling that rotating shaft 1 connects with motor 21 is claw coupling 3.
Bearing comprises the clutch shaft bearing 4 and the second bearing 5 that are close together, the sensor of embodiment one is a sensor 8, be arranged on the outside of clutch shaft bearing 4 outer ring, arrange the first compensated loop 6 between clutch shaft bearing 4 and sensor 8, compensated loop plays compensating axial size and transmits axial force; Certainly, in order to the dismounting of equipment and easy to adjust, embodiment one also can arrange the second compensated loop 7 in the outside of the second bearing 5 outer ring.
Sensor 8 is ring bodies, and mesopore and rotating shaft 1 surface of ring bodies have certain interval; The sensor 8 of embodiment one is the pull pressure sensor of hollow type structure, and the sensing element of sensor 8 is ring bodies structure, and rotating shaft 1 is mistake through the endoporus of sensor, and sensor 8 and rotating shaft 1 directly do not contact; Axial force is born by bearing of the present invention, the annular physical location of sensor 8 is passed to again by this bearing, thus solve traditional sensor and design and installation just must can measure axial force in the end of axle, the axle of motor, the pump housing is separated by sensor, and the moment of torsion of motor cannot pass to the problem of the pump housing.
Housing comprises mount pad 9 and end cap, the outer ring of bearing, the ring bodies of sensor, compensated loop is arranged on mount pad 9, end cap comprises left end cap 10 and right end cap 11, rotating shaft 1 passes the mesopore of end cap, left end cap 10 is fixedly connected with mount pad 9 respectively by bolt with the flange hole of right end cap 11, at the internal diameter seam of left end cap 10, the first outside framework oil seal 12 is set, at the internal diameter seam of right end cap 11, the second outside framework oil seal 13 is set, bulge loop can be set inside left end cap 10 or right end cap 11, be used for being pressed against sensor, embodiment one arranges bulge loop in the inner side of left end cap 10, be pressed against sensor 8.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention connects with the pump housing.As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is arranged between the pump housing 20 and motor 21, and the shaft coupling 3 of embodiment one is claw elastic coupling, can to avoid additional axial force transmission to motor 21, guarantees that axial force that the present invention surveys is the axial force of water pump; The chuck 2 of embodiment one adopts flange form to connect with the axle of the pump housing 20, namely the axle of the pump housing and chuck butted part are disc-shape, and bored bolt hole in its periphery, the similar flange of its structure and working principle, after chuck 2 with the disk centering of the axle of the pump housing 20, two side discs to be connected by bolt hole by fastening bolt and fastening, both can transmit axial force, again can transmitting torque; Chuck 2 of the present invention is universal accessories, if the diameter of axle size of pump shaft changes, chuck 2 also can be selected to join corresponding size to process coupling.
Embodiment two
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention two, for measuring the axial force in the second bearing direction.As shown in Figure 3, the sensor 8 of embodiment two is arranged on the outside of the second bearing 5 outer ring, arranges the second compensated loop 7 between the second bearing 5 and sensor 8.Other setting of embodiment two is identical with embodiment one, does not repeat them here.
Embodiment three
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention three, for measuring the axial force of clutch shaft bearing direction and the second bearing direction both direction.As shown in Figure 4, the bearing of embodiment three comprises the clutch shaft bearing 4 and the second bearing 5 that are close together, and the bearing of embodiment three is angular contact ball bearing, is characterized in bearing larger axial force, and there is directivity, join the axial force requirement that two bearings can adapt to both direction; Sensor is two sensors, comprise first sensor 8 and the second sensor 16, at the arranged outside first sensor 8 of clutch shaft bearing 4 outer ring, at arranged outside second sensor 16 of the second bearing 5 outer ring, first compensated loop 6 is set between clutch shaft bearing 4 and first sensor 8, the second compensated loop 7 is set between the second bearing 5 and the second sensor 16.
The first sensor 8 of embodiment three and the second sensor 16, can measure the power of both direction respectively; When the pump housing 20 direction is pointed in the direction of axial force, mainly stressed sensor is first sensor 8, axial force all passes to first sensor 8, the ring bodies of sensor is subject to axle pressure, and there is elastic deformation, internal strain sheet resistance is caused to change, thus electric current is changed, the current signal of change is exported, filter through signal, amplify, and convert simulating signal to digital signal, then digital signal is shown on relevant device, the reading value that first sensor 8 exports is actual measurement axial force, thus realizes the measurement of axial force; When motor 21 direction is pointed in axial force direction, main force sensor is the second sensor 16, and the reading value that in like manner the second sensor 16 exports is actual measurement axial force; Which sensor can certainly export the direction that numerical value judges axial force according to.
Other setting of embodiment three is identical with embodiment one, does not repeat them here.
The method of testing of the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) regulate the axial movement value of the rotating shaft of axial-force testing device between 0.35 ~ 0.45mm;
Till rotating shaft is axially pushed into dieback toward any side, install dial gauge in the axial end of opposite side, zeroing, is pushed into dieback by described rotating shaft to opposite direction, is determined the axial movement value of described rotating shaft by the reading of dial gauge; If shifting amount does not meet technical requirement, need adjust the size of compensated loop or carry out processing at the end face of left end cap and right end cap and sensor and adjust or carry out processing adjustment at the end face of left end cap and right end cap and mount pad, above step is repeated, till meeting the requirements after ressembling; Effectively prevent the existence of installing pretension axial force, control again pump rotor shifting amount in the permission working range of the parts such as mechanical seal, bearing spacer device simultaneously, and guarantee that the axial movement value of rotor is between 0.35 ~ 0.45mm;
2), before test, the bearing replacing bearing axial force of rotating machinery is become only to bear the bearing of radial force;
3) connected with rotating machinery and motor respectively at the rotating shaft two ends of axial-force testing device, the signal wire of sensor connects with the transmitter of signal processing apparatus and touch-screen;
4) coarse adjustment: the rotating shaft of rotating machinery is carried out, in axis tune, measure with 1 millimeter of dimension accuracy;
5) accurate adjustment: the rotating shaft of axial-force testing device, the rotating shaft of rotating machinery and motor shaft are carried out, in radial direction tune, measure with 0.01 millimeter of dimension accuracy, guarantee that axial-force testing device, rotating machinery and motor three axles are on same axis;
6) start rotating machinery and motor, shown the axial force data of each operating point by signal processing apparatus in real time;
7) change the flow of rotating machinery, record the axial force data that each flow point is corresponding respectively;
8) record the data of more than 3 groups, average.
Water pump operation surveys the axial force of a certain operating point after stablizing, in order to avoid when measuring, data have fluctuation, after spending a few minutes, then record the axial force data of same operating point, record more than 3 groups, then average; The axial force testing data of to be below model be KCP80X50-315 water pump, test the axial force under 3 flows respectively, each flow have recorded 3 groups of axial force data, then averages to 3 groups of axial forces, as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
In a word, the present invention by being arranged on the sensor outside bearing, the transmission of perception axial force, the flexible member generation elastic deformation of sensor, cause internal strain sheet resistance to change, thus electric current is changed, the current signal of change is exported, filter through signal, amplify, and convert simulating signal to digital signal, show on the display device, the data finally recording more than 3 groups are averaged, finally draw the measured value of axial force, thus realize the measurement of axial force.
The test of the present invention to the axial force of various machinery has versatility widely, the accurate measurement of the axial force to one or two direction can be realized, error range is 1%, structure is simple, independently parts, easy for installation, do not need to transform rotating machinery itself, for the axial force balance problem solving various machinery provides effective means, other rotating machinery needing to detect axial force demand can be applied to, such as, blower fan, compressor, fan blower, steam turbine etc., easy to utilize.
Although embodiment is to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and still can modify to technical scheme of the present invention and be equal to replacement, and it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the axial-force testing device of a rotating machinery, it is characterized in that, comprise housing, bearing, rotating shaft and sensor, described rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the inner ring of bearing, the outer ring of described bearing is fixedly connected with housing, and described rotating shaft is set with sensor, and the output signal of described sensor is electrically connected with signal processing apparatus, described rotating shaft and rotating machinery adopt non-key type connector, and described rotating shaft and motor adopt shaft coupling to connect.
2. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sensor is ring bodies, and mesopore and the described rotating shaft surface of ring bodies have certain interval.
3. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bearing comprises the clutch shaft bearing and the second bearing that are close together, described sensor is a sensor, be arranged on the outside of clutch shaft bearing outer ring or the outside of the second bearing outer ring, compensated loop is set between described bearing and sensor.
4. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bearing comprises the clutch shaft bearing and the second bearing that are close together, described sensor is two sensors, comprise first sensor and the second sensor, at the arranged outside first sensor of clutch shaft bearing outer ring, at arranged outside second sensor of the second bearing outer ring, first compensated loop is set between described clutch shaft bearing and first sensor, the second compensated loop is set between described second bearing and the second sensor.
5. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rotating shaft is stepped appearance rotating shaft, and the inner ring side of described bearing is close to the ladder of rotating shaft, and opposite side is fixed by axle sleeve and set nut.
6. the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the non-key type connector that described rotating shaft connects with rotating machinery is chuck, and the shaft coupling that described rotating shaft connects with motor is claw coupling.
7. the axial-force testing device of the rotating machinery according to any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that, described housing comprises mount pad and end cap, the outer ring of described bearing, the ring bodies of sensor, compensated loop are arranged on described mount pad, described end cap comprises left end cap and right end cap, described rotating shaft passes the mesopore of end cap, and the flange hole of described left and right end cap is fixedly connected with mount pad respectively by bolt.
8. a method of testing for the axial-force testing device of the rotating machinery according to any one of claim 1 to 6, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) axial movement value of the rotating shaft of the axial-force testing device described in adjustment is between 0.35 ~ 0.45mm;
2), before test, the bearing replacing bearing axial force of rotating machinery is become only to bear the bearing of radial force;
3) connected with rotating machinery and motor respectively at the rotating shaft two ends of described axial-force testing device, the signal wire of sensor is connected with the transmitter of signal processing apparatus and touch-screen;
4) coarse adjustment: the rotating shaft of rotating machinery is carried out, in axis tune, measure with 1 millimeter of dimension accuracy;
5) accurate adjustment: the rotating shaft of described axial-force testing device, the rotating shaft of rotating machinery and motor shaft are carried out in radial direction tune, measure with 0.01 millimeter of dimension accuracy, guarantee that axial-force testing device, rotating machinery and motor three axles are on same axis;
6) start rotating machinery and motor, shown the axial force data of each operating point by signal processing apparatus in real time;
7) change the flow of rotating machinery, record the axial force data that each flow point is corresponding respectively;
8) record the data of more than 3 groups, average.
9. the method for testing of the axial-force testing device of rotating machinery according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described step 1 also comprises,
Till described rotating shaft is axially pushed into dieback toward any side, install dial gauge in the axial end of opposite side, zeroing, is pushed into dieback by described rotating shaft to opposite direction, is determined the axial movement value of described rotating shaft by the reading of dial gauge; If described shifting amount does not meet technical requirement, need carry out repeating above step, till meeting the requirements after adjustment is ressembled to the size of compensated loop.
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