CN105087073A - Device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through multistage feeding and strong rotation of gasifying agents - Google Patents
Device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through multistage feeding and strong rotation of gasifying agents Download PDFInfo
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- CN105087073A CN105087073A CN201510578725.3A CN201510578725A CN105087073A CN 105087073 A CN105087073 A CN 105087073A CN 201510578725 A CN201510578725 A CN 201510578725A CN 105087073 A CN105087073 A CN 105087073A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through multistage feeding and strong rotation of gasifying agents, relating to a pulverized coal gasification device and method and aiming to solve the problems that existing entrained-flow gasifiers have short burner lives, and slag adheres to the walls of the gasifiers non-uniformly, thus causing burning loss and corrosion of inner walls of the gasifiers. The device is characterized in that a gasifier hearth is installed in a gasifier body; a pulverized coal burner is installed on the gasifier body; a synthesis gas channel is hermetically inserted in the lower part of the gasifier body; a slag bath is arranged at the bottom in the gasifier body; two swirl vanes are respectively installed at the end, near fire, of a ring-shaped pulverized coal channel and the end, near fire, of a ring-shaped gasifying agent channel; and a plurality of gasifying agent spray pipes are hermetically inserted in the gasifier body along the height direction. The method comprises the following steps: I: setting parameters in the gasifier hearth; II: feeding dry pulverized coal; III: burning dry pulverized coal to form slag; IV: subjecting the slag to gasification reaction in a gasifier; and V: removing the slag. The device and the method are applicable to pulverized coal gasification.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal dust gasification device and gasification process thereof, be specifically related to the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical and rotate by force coal dust gasification device and gasification process thereof.
Background technology
Coal Gasification Technology is the clean coal technology of high-efficiency cleaning.Current Coal Gasification Technology is mainly divided into moving-bed gasification, fluidized-bed gasification, entrained flow gasification and molten bath gasification four class.Wherein, entrained flow bed gasification technology because its gasification intensity is high, throughput is large, efficiency of carbon conversion advantages of higher has become present Coal Gasification Technology main development direction.Entrained flow gasification has two principal features, and one is that operating temperature is high, is 1300 ~ 1600 DEG C, and the lime-ash formed in stove is liquid, and deslagging mode is slag tap; Another one feature adopts " with slag anti-slag " technology to protect furnace wall and to reduce thermosteresis.There is subject matter in airflow bed gasification furnace: (1) burner life-span is short.General of the burner life-span left and right one year of pulverized coal gasification furnace.(2) the easy scaling loss of gasification stove internal wall face.Above problem causes vapourizing furnace often to stop, and vapourizing furnace is as the beginning of production of chemical enterprise, once stop, causes whole production line all to be stopped transport, and whole production line is stopped transport and once caused great economic loss to enterprise.Such as: a set of gas making amount 80000Nm
3the gasification production line an of/h financial loss of stopping transport reaches more than 4,000 ten thousand yuan.
In sum, existing airflow bed gasification furnace exists that the burner life-span is short, vapourizing furnace wall dross is uneven, causes the problem of gasification stove internal wall face scaling loss, corrosion.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is have that the burner life-span is short, vapourizing furnace wall dross is uneven to solve existing airflow bed gasification furnace, cause the problem of gasification stove internal wall face scaling loss, corrosion, and then provide the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical to rotate by force coal dust gasification device and gasification process thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical rotates by force coal dust gasification device and comprises coal dust burner, gasification body of heater, gasification hearth, synthetic gas passage and slag bath, gasification hearth is arranged in gasification body of heater, coal dust burner is arranged on the upper end of gasification body of heater and is communicated with the gasification hearth of gasification body of heater, synthetic gas channel seal is plugged on the middle and lower part of gasification body of heater, slag bath is positioned at the bottom of gasification body of heater, it also comprises multiple gasification agent nozzle and two swirl vanes, coal dust burner is at the vaporized chemical passage of the coal dust channel and annular of coaxially offering annular in the radial direction from the inside to the outside successively, two swirl vanes are arranged on the nearly fire end of the nearly fire end of the coal dust channel of annular and the vaporized chemical passage of annular respectively, multiple gasification agent nozzle is inserted in gasification hearth along short transverse sealing, simultaneously, multiple gasification agent nozzle along gasification body of heater circumferential direction stagger arrangement or be evenly arranged.
Present invention also offers a kind of gasification process using the multistage infeed of vaporized chemical to rotate by force coal dust gasification device, comprise the following steps:
Step one: setting gasification hearth intrinsic parameter;
Setting gasification hearth internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 4MPa, and the operating temperature of gasification hearth is 1250 ~ 1600 DEG C;
Step 2: send into dry pulverized coal;
Temperature is that the dry pulverized coal of 25 ~ 100 DEG C carries with the coal dust channel feeding gasification hearth of cyclone mode on coal dust burner inner by nitrogen or carbonic acid gas, the temperature accounting for total amount 10% ~ 40% is that the vaporized chemical of 20 ~ 400 DEG C (oxygen and water vapour) sprays into burner hearth inside with the vaporized chemical passage of the mode of eddy flow on coal dust burner, and vaporized chemical and coal dust flow at furnace roof region rotating Vortex downmix;
Step 3: dry pulverized coal burning forms slag;
Coal dust and vaporized chemical mixed airflow touch after Central backflow area entrainments the high-temperature synthesis gas of returning, and lighted, form slag in roof of the furnace burning by it;
Step 4: slag is generating gasification reaction in vapourizing furnace;
The temperature that residue accounts for total amount 60% ~ 90% is that the vaporized chemical of 20 ~ 400 DEG C tangentially sprays into burner hearth by described side wall surface vaporized chemical spout with the velocity stages of 100 ~ 200m/s, strong swirling eddy is formed after vaporized chemical air-flow at a high speed pours burner hearth, under the influence of centrifugal force, the slag of 70%-80% is thrown to face, furnace wall and forms thicker slag blanket, slag blanket is even, swirling eddy constantly washes away the slag blanket on burner hearth wall, and gasification reaction strong in its generation;
Step 5: deslagging;
The raw gas that gasification generates flows out burner hearth by described synthetic gas passage, and the lime-ash of generation flows into slag bath along wall, discharges vapourizing furnace after cooling by bottom slag discharge.
The present invention compared with prior art has following effect:
One, in the present invention, slag blanket is formed by centrifugal action.As shown in Figure 10, in prior art, coal dust and vaporized chemical all spray into burner hearth from top of gasification furnace, and coal dust at high temperature forms slag after entering burner hearth, and slag general in the same way mode with direct current together with vaporized chemical air-flow flows to burner hearth bottom.In flow process, the slag of a small amount of near wall is only had to form slag film because gas adheres on wall; And in the present invention, coal dust sprays into from top of gasification furnace, coal dust at high temperature forms slag after entering burner hearth, the vaporized chemical tangentially spraying into burner hearth with the velocity stages of 100 ~ 200m/s forms strong swirling eddy in stove, slag flows downward near wall district high speed rotating together with vaporized chemical, and the slag of about 80% is constantly got rid of by the centrifugal action revolving by force generation forms slag blanket on wall.
Two, the quantity of slag sticked in the present invention on furnace wall is many, and thickness of slag layer is large.In prior art, coal dust and vaporized chemical all spray into burner hearth from top of gasification furnace, and coal dust at high temperature forms slag after entering burner hearth, and slag general in the same way mode with direct current together with vaporized chemical air-flow flows to burner hearth bottom.In flow process, the slag of a small amount of near wall is only had to form slag film because gas adheres on wall, cannot adhere on wall from wall slag remotely, therefore only have an appointment about 10% slag can adhere to wall and form slag film, because the quantity of slag sticked on furnace wall is little, cause wall slag film thinner, general slag film thickness is 2 ~ 3mm; The present invention relies on centrifugal force slag to be thrown to wall and forms slag blanket, 60% ~ 90% vaporized chemical tangentially sprays into burner hearth 3 with the velocity stages of 100 ~ 200m/s, form strong swirling eddy, the centrifugal force produced is enough to slag to get rid of form slag blanket on wall, the slag accounting for about 80% in gasification is all got rid of forms slag blanket on wall, because the quantity of slag sticked on furnace wall is many, therefore wall slag blanket is thicker, and thickness of slag layer can reach 5 ~ 6mm.
Three, in the present invention, wall thickness of slag layer is more even.In prior art, coal dust and vaporized chemical all spray into burner hearth from top of gasification furnace, and coal dust at high temperature forms slag after entering burner hearth, and slag general in the same way mode with direct current together with vaporized chemical air-flow flows to burner hearth bottom.In flow process, the slag of a small amount of near wall is only had to form slag film because gas adheres on wall, cannot adhere on wall from wall slag remotely, therefore only have an appointment about 10% slag can adhere to wall and form slag film, because the quantity of slag sticked on furnace wall is little, when along the tolerance skewness of vapourizing furnace circumferential direction, along the circumferential direction to adhere to situation uneven for wall slag, causes circumferential direction wall slag non-uniform film thickness even.And in the present invention, coal dust sprays into from top of gasification furnace, coal dust at high temperature forms slag after entering burner hearth, and the vaporized chemical tangentially sprayed into the velocity stages of 100 ~ 200m/s forms strong swirling eddy in stove, and slag flows downward near wall district high speed rotating together with vaporized chemical.In the present invention, gas velocity is high, and turbulence intensity is large, is conducive to mixing of vaporized chemical and slag.Under the centrifugal action revolving by force generation, be thrown to wall after slag along the circumferential direction mixes with vaporized chemical form slag blanket, wall thickness of slag layer is more even.
Four, the present invention can more available protecting gasification stove internal wall face.Wall slag blanket main component is silicon-dioxide, and silicon-dioxide thermal conductivity is 7.6W/mk, and the thermal conductivity of conventional refractory brick is 20 ~ 28W/mk, and slag blanket thermal conductivity ratio refractory brick is much little, therefore the good heat-insulation effect of slag blanket.In prior art, wall slag film is thinner, and slag film thickness is generally 2 ~ 3mm, and along the circumferential direction slag non-uniform film thickness is even, and easily cause internal partial wall face not have slag film to cover, gasification stove internal wall face is exposed in high-temperature flue gas environment, easily occurs overtemperature and is burnt.Containing the carbon monoxide of 60% ~ 70% in gasification furnace gas, the carbon monoxide of high temperature is corrosive gases, and gasification stove internal wall face is exposed to high temperature and under being rich in the environment of carbon monoxide, easily chemical corrosion occurs.In the present invention, wall slag blanket is thick, and thickness of slag layer, up to 5 ~ 6mm, is 2 ~ 3 times of prior art, and simultaneously thickness of slag layer is relatively more even, avoids gasification stove internal wall face to be exposed in high-temperature flue gas, more can available protecting gasification stove internal wall face not by high-temperature gas scaling loss; And gasification stove internal wall face and furnace gas (carbon monoxide containing 60% ~ 70%) separate by thicker slag blanket, gasification stove internal wall face can be protected not by the chemical corrosion of CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas.
Five, oxygen depletion amount of the present invention is few.In prior art, wall dross is thin and uneven, and slag film thickness is generally 2 ~ 3mm; In the present invention, wall dross is thick and even, and thickness of slag layer is up to 5 ~ 6mm, and be 2 ~ 3 times of prior art, and slag blanket thermal conductivity is little, thermal insulation is good, and therefore the present invention can reduce wall thermosteresis.Carbon and oxygen reaction generate carbon monoxide heat release 112.1kJ/mol, and carbon and oxygen reaction generate carbonic acid gas heat release 395kJ/mol, and it is 3.52 times that generate carbon monoxide liberated heat that obvious carbon and oxygen reaction generate carbonic acid gas heat release.Coal dust gasification needs could react rapidly under comparatively high temps (1250 ~ 1600 DEG C), although expect that the gasification product obtained is carbon monoxide, but in order to maintain higher in-furnace temperature, excessive oxygen must be passed into and generate carbonic acid gas to improve temperature.In prior art, wall thermosteresis is comparatively large, and when during actual motion, the equivalence ratio of adjustment Sauerstoffatom and carbon atom is 1.05 ~ 1.1, the oxygen that is passing into 5% ~ 10% generates carbonic acid gas maintenance furnace temperature more.And slag blanket is thick in the present invention, wall thermosteresis is little, and adjustment Sauerstoffatom is 1.01 ~ 1.05 furnace high-temperatures that can remain same with the equivalence ratio of carbon atom, and compared with prior art the consumption of oxygen reduces about 5%.Oxygen is separated from air, and sepn process current consumption is large, and the present invention reduces the consumption of a large amount of oxygen, a large amount of electric energy of corresponding saving.
Six, Suitability of Coals of the present invention is strong.Slag gasification furnace wants the technological line protection water wall reaching " with slag anti-slag ", then must ensure that wall-cooling surface place exists thicker slag blanket.In prior art, the formation of wall-cooling surface place slag film only relies on the slag adhered near wall place, and its quantity of slag sticked on wall is few.Sticking under the few condition of the quantity of slag on wall, for reaching certain thickness slag blanket, then to the viscosity-temperature characteristics of coal ash, harsh requirement must be proposed: within the scope of gasification temperature, coal ash viscosity can not be too low or too high.The too low then slag fluidity of coal ash viscosity is good, and slag film is thinner, can not play the effect of protection water wall; Coal ash viscosity is too high, and slag fluidity weakens, and in slag notch flowing slowly, deslagging is not smooth.Require harsh to the viscosity-temperature characteristics of coal ash, then mean that existing vapourizing furnace Suitability of Coals is poor, suitable coal must be selected normally to run.In the present invention, the slag of 80% is got rid of to wall place, and wall-cooling surface forms certain thickness slag blanket, and the viscosity-temperature characteristics of thickness of slag layer to coal ash are insensitive, and therefore Suitability of Coals of the present invention is extremely strong.In the period of market Coal price fluctuation, vapourizing furnace, to " the not fastidious property " of coal, can provide Mutiple Choice for manufacturing enterprise, greatly improve the profitability of enterprise.
Seven, under same volume, pressure, in the present invention, coal dust residing time in furnace is long, and vaporization time is long, and gasification rate is high.(1), under identical furnace volume, pressure, vapourizing furnace compared to existing technology, in the present invention, coal dust is long at residing time in furnace, and vaporization time is long.In prior art, coal dust and vaporized chemical running orbit are as shown in Figure 10, vaporized chemical carries coal dust and directly flows to bottom from vapourizing furnace top, because pulverized coal particle is generally less than 75 microns, the carrying capacity of air-flow to coal dust is extremely strong, namely coal dust carries coal dust vaporized chemical at residing time in furnace is flowed directly to the time of bottom from vapourizing furnace top, the residence time is very short, about 4 ~ 6s; In the present invention, slag under the influence of centrifugal force, and the slag of 80% gets rid of and form slag blanket on wall, and the residence time of coal dust in stove is that molten slag is from top of gasification furnace along wall sluggish flow to the time of bottom.Because vaporized chemical tangentially sprays in stove, rotational flow is done in stove, vaporized chemical is more weak to the molten slag carrying capacity flowed downward along wall, and molten slag viscosity is larger, slowly flow downward along wall, this just substantially prolongs coal dust at gasification residing time in furnace, and the residence time is 12 ~ 16s, and under identical furnace volume, pressure, the coal dust residence time is 2 ~ 4 times of prior art.(2) gasification reaction speed of the present invention is high.Gasification in-furnace temperature is higher, and gasification reaction belongs to diffusion control district, and described diffusion control district refers to that at relatively high temperatures, speed of reaction is exceedingly fast, so that any gas one arrives Coal Char Particles surface, exhausts rapidly with regard to reacting with carbon immediately.At this moment the diffusion through frictional belt just becomes controlling factor, and is determined by the speed of relative movement of coal dust and vaporized chemical through the diffusion in frictional belt, and therefore in vapourizing furnace, the speed of relative movement of coal dust and vaporized chemical decides the speed of gasification reaction.After in prior art, coal dust and vaporized chemical are sprayed by burner, the slag accounting for total amount 10% sticks to wall place and forms slag film, and remaining slag is coflow together with vaporized chemical.The slag accounting for total amount 90% together with vaporized chemical with comparatively lower velocity coflow, velocity of flow is 0.4 ~ 0.6m/s, both speed of relative movement are lower, be 0.08 ~ 0.12m/s, the slag forming slag film at wall place reacts with the vaporized chemical air-flow generating gasification of pressing close to wall, and both speed of relative movement are similar to the velocity of flow of vaporized chemical air-flow, be 0.4 ~ 0.6m/s, speed of relative movement is lower, and it is slow that gas is diffused into particle surface, and gasification reaction speed is low.Due to the effect of strong rotational gas flow in the present invention, the slag accounting for total amount 80% forms slag blanket on wall, and remaining slag is with vaporized chemical rotational flow in stove.Slag blanket flows downward along wall, vaporized chemical then high speed rotating washes away slag blanket, gasification agent inlet place vaporized chemical air-flow tangential velocity is 100 ~ 200m/s, along with flow process is decayed gradually, syngas outlet place vaporized chemical air-flow tangential velocity decays to 50 ~ 100m/s, and the average tangential velocity of vaporized chemical is 75 ~ 150m/s.Slag on wall and the speed of relative movement of vaporized chemical are similar to the tangential velocity of vaporized chemical, average out to 75 ~ 150m/s, are 900 ~ 1200 times of prior art.The slag accounting for total amount 20% does rotational flow with vaporized chemical in stove, and vaporized chemical V-bar is 75 ~ 150m/s, and vaporized chemical speed is large, and turbulence intensity is large, and gasification reaction speed is high.In the present invention, vaporized chemical speed is large as can be seen here, and the speed of relative movement of coal dust and vaporized chemical is large, and the speed that gas is diffused into particle surface is large, so gasification efficiency of the present invention is far above the vapourizing furnace of prior art.
Eight, rely on the high-temperature synthesis gas of backflow to light a fire in the present invention, catch fire stable.In prior art, coal dust flows downward after spraying into burner hearth together with vaporized chemical, and in the process of flowing downward, coal dust is constantly subject to the radiation of high-temperature synthesis gas, and temperature raises gradually, is just lighted higher than during its burning-point when its temperature is elevated to.Due to reasons such as the disturbance of burner hearth flow field and the fluctuations in temperature field, fluctuate coal powder ignition position, ignition time thereupon, instability of catching fire.The present invention is flowed near wall district due to swirling eddy, burner hearth center pressure is lower, the high-temperature synthesis gas of burner hearth bottom is entrainmented to burner hearth central upward flow, form stable high temperature center recirculating zone, in high temperature center recirculating zone, high-temperature synthesis gas is back to coal dust burner root, mix with breeze airflow, firing coal-dust, coal dust stable ignition can be ensured.
Nine, breeze airflow flowing of the present invention is stable.During normal operation, coal dust is solid particulate when burner sprays into, along with the temperature rising gradually that flows downward, be progressively liquid by solid melts, by air-flow carry move downwardly to body of heater vaporized chemical nozzle time, pulverized coal particle melts completely, become liquid slag, liquid slag is carried by the strong rotary pneumatic agent air-flow that body of heater vaporized chemical spout sprays into, and is got rid of on inboard wall of furnace body face, flow downward and react with vaporized chemical generating gasification along wall by centrifugal action.Declare with the present invention, and top does not spray at a high speed the invention of vaporized chemical simultaneously, because its vaporized chemical sprays at a high speed along body of heater tangential direction, define strong rotary pneumatic flow field in stove, be close to gasification stove internal wall face high speed rotating.After swirling eddy upwards diffuses to top of gasification furnace, define adherent swirling eddy in top conical section.Body of heater is because swirling eddy is in the flowing of near wall district, and burner hearth center pressure is lower, and the high-temperature synthesis gas of burner hearth bottom is entrainmented to burner hearth central upward flow, and form high temperature center recirculating zone, high temperature reflux travels up to roof of the furnace.Visible top of gasification furnace also exists three strands of air-flows, is respectively outer adherent strong swirling eddy, the high temperature reflux at center, and is sandwiched in the breeze airflow sprayed into by burner in stove therebetween.Breeze airflow sprays into after in stove with the comparatively lower velocity of 1 ~ 8m/s, between the high temperature reflux being in outer adherent strong rotary pneumatic agent air-flow and center, is subject to the extruding of the two.When vapourizing furnace load variations or spray into gasification agent temperature change time, vaporized chemical volumetric flow rate then can be caused to change, therefore the vaporized chemical speed tangentially sprayed into along body of heater changes, burner hearth inner near wall district swirling eddy intensity is changed, cause the vaporized chemical flow area of the adherent rotation of furnace roof and central backflow region to change, finally cause adherent strong rotational gas flow and central backflow to change for the pressure of breeze airflow.Because the breeze airflow speed sprayed in stove is low, momentum is little, poor rigidity, when central backflow is greater than the pressure of adherent swirling eddy for breeze airflow for the pressure of breeze airflow, then breeze airflow can be made to flow to wall; When adherent swirling eddy is greater than the pressure of central backflow for breeze airflow for the pressure of breeze airflow, then breeze airflow can be made to burner center.Visible breeze airflow easily offsets, and diametrically swings back and forth in furnace roof region.When breeze airflow diametrically swings back and forth at top of gasification furnace, following problem can be there is: (1) when central backflow is greater than the pressure of adherent swirling eddy for breeze airflow for the pressure of breeze airflow, then can make breeze airflow flow to wall.When likely causing coal dust not arrive body of heater vaporized chemical spout, solid coal powder particle and liquid slag have pressed close to furnace roof inner-wall surface, be subject to adherent swirling eddy to carry, be thrown on furnace roof inner-wall surface under centrifugal action, solid coal powder particle constantly collides, wash away furnace roof inner-wall surface, furnace roof inner-wall surface serious wear, easily causes furnace roof water wall tube to break, and causes vapourizing furnace parking accident; (2) when adherent swirling eddy is greater than the pressure of central backflow for breeze airflow for the pressure of breeze airflow, breeze airflow then can be made to burner hearth off centering, because breeze airflow has downward speed, thus make central backflow away from burner, coal dust can not timely with high temperature reflux smoke contacts, coal powder ignition is late, fire extinguishing phenomenon easily occurs, causes blowing out accident.The vaporized chemical accounting for total amount 10% ~ 40% in the present invention is sprayed into the high speed of 100 ~ 200m/s by top burner, vaporized chemical air-flow momentum is large, for 8 ~ 60 times of breeze airflow aggregate momentum, the two is mixed to form bulk flow after spraying in the same way gradually, rigidity is strong, adherent swirling eddy and central backflow little to breeze airflow flow effect, breeze airflow flow trace stablize, ensure that catch fire stable.Contriver is to a gas making amount 40000Nm
3the vapourizing furnace of/h has carried out the cold model test of 1:5, and test parameter is: breeze airflow wind speed 3m/s, and it is 150m/s that top sprays into vaporized chemical wind speed, and the vaporized chemical wind speed that body of heater sprays into is 200m/s.Cold model test finds: when top of gasification furnace does not spray into vaporized chemical, breeze airflow momentum is 0.27kgm/s, breeze airflow poor rigidity, breeze airflow sprays into the furnace roof region, top after in stove between burner and body of heater vaporized chemical spout, diametrically swing back and forth, flow to burner center for a moment, flow to wall for a moment, the number of times that swings back and forth in a minute reaches 18 times; After top of gasification furnace sprays into vaporized chemical, the vaporized chemical air-flow momentum that top sprays into is 7.47kgm/s, the vaporized chemical air-flow aggregate momentum that breeze airflow and top spray into is 7.74kgm/s, it is 28.6 times of original breeze airflow momentum, rigidity reinforced, breeze airflow flowing is stable, does not find that breeze airflow flows to burner center in furnace roof region for a moment, flow to wall, the phenomenon diametrically swung back and forth for a moment.
Ten, the vaporized chemical flow that sprays into of furnace roof burner of the present invention is large, and speed is high, can be applicable to that volatile content is high, coal early of catching fire.In the invention " a kind of vaporized chemical rotates by force coal dust gasification furnace apparatus and gasification process " simultaneously applied for the present invention, all vaporized chemicals all tangentially spray into from burner hearth sidewall face single port, coal dust to be carried by defeated powder gas via top burner and sprays in stove with the comparatively lower velocity of 1 ~ 8m/s, sprays into after in stove and the central backflow flue gas of high temperature meets and lighted.Its ignition zone distance burner is comparatively near, is particularly suitable for volatile matter few, the smokeless coal of difficulty of catching fire; But when use volatile content high, catch fire early coal time, because its segment distance burner that catches fire is comparatively near, easily cause burner scaling loss.In the present invention, the vaporized chemical of 10% ~ 40% sprays at a high speed from top coal dust burner, and the vaporized chemical of residue 60% ~ 90% sprays into from the tangential vaporized chemical passage of side, furnace wall.The gasification dosage that roof of the furnace sprays into is large; speed is up to 100 ~ 200m/s; carry coal dust ability strong; wind powder mixture temperature is relatively low, is delayed and catches fire, and its ignition zone distance burner is far away; available protecting burner; and gasification dosage in top of the present invention is large, and after ensureing coal powder ignition, rapid oxygen supply, maintains its stable burning.Therefore the present invention's coal that can be applicable to high volatile, catch fire early.
11, in body of heater upper cone section of the present invention, temperature is higher, avoids upper cone section inner-wall surface to wear and tear, burning high ash melting point coal seed.In the invention " a kind of vaporized chemical rotates by force coal dust gasification device and gasification process " simultaneously applied for the present invention, all vaporized chemicals all tangentially spray into from burner hearth sidewall face single port, only have a small amount of vaporized chemical can be diffused into furnace roof region.Roof of the furnace vaporized chemical content is low, and combustion reactions is incomplete, and temperature is lower.Roof of the furnace temperature is lower, for the ature of coal that ash fusion point is higher, has part pulverized coal particle and cannot form slag rapidly.Under in stove, the swirling eddy of high speed carries, the pulverized coal particle not forming slag is thrown on inner-wall surface by under centrifugal action, constantly collides, washes away furnace roof inner-wall surface, cause furnace roof inner-wall surface serious wear.Therefore this invention is applicable to the low coal of ash fusion point.In the present invention, the vaporized chemical of 10% ~ 40% sprays into from top coal dust burner, and the vaporized chemical of remaining 60% ~ 90% sprays into from the tangential vaporized chemical passage of side, furnace wall.Roof of the furnace gasification dosage is large, and combustion reactions is violent, and temperature is higher.The temperature of roof of the furnace is high, ensures that the coal of high ash melting point can form molten slag rapidly equally, and be thrown to wall by centrifugal action and form thick and uniform wall slag blanket, molten slag slowly flows downward along wall, avoids inboard wall of burner hearth surface wear.Visible the present invention is equally applicable to the high coal of ash fusion point.
12, the present invention adopts in upper furnace and is uniformly distributed along stove is high, and along the circumferential direction stagger arrangement layering, for the mode of vaporized chemical, avoids the vertical curve near zone water wall tube overtemperature at vaporized chemical spout place.2 ~ 4 layers of vaporized chemical spout have been evenly arranged in sidewall of the furnace body face along stove height direction in the patent of invention " a kind of along the strong rotary pneumatic gasifying device of stove height vaporized chemical layering and gasification process " of simultaneously applying for.Because this invention multilayer vaporized chemical spout is on same vertical curve, the side gasification dosage being furnished with vaporized chemical spout is sufficient, and reaction is violent, therefore higher in the vertical curve near zone temperature at vaporized chemical spout place.The water wall adopted due to burner hearth is surrounded by Vertically tube, and when using the higher hard coal of calorific value, some Vertically tube around vaporized chemical spout are in high-temperature area from top to bottom always, therefore easily water wall tube overtemperature occurs.In the present invention, 2 ~ 4 layers of vaporized chemical spout are uniformly distributed the distribution of along the circumferential direction stagger arrangement simultaneously along stove is high, vaporized chemical spout is not on same vertical curve, each vaporized chemical spout place vertical curve near zone gasification dosage is relatively few, and in flue gas, oxygen level is relatively low.When using the larger hard coal of calorific value, each vaporized chemical spout place vertical curve near zone temperature is comparatively even, there will not be overtemperatute.Therefore, applicable equally to hard coal the present invention that calorific value is higher.
13, the present invention reduces investment outlay.From advantage seven, coal dust of the present invention is in residing time in furnace, gasification reaction speed all far above prior art, and gasification intensity is large.Therefore, when uniform pressure, identical gas making amount, in the present invention, vapourizing furnace equipment is much smaller than the vapourizing furnace equipment of prior art, and gasification intensity and prior art are quite even better than prior art.Thus save great deal of investment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
(label 30 is vaporized chemical air-flow to the one-piece construction schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is the quantity of gasification agent nozzle of the present invention when being 3; Label 31 is the adherent swirling eddy of furnace roof; Label 32 is slag blanket, and label 33 is the synthetic gas of backflow, border of refluxing centered by label 34, and label 35 is breeze airflow); Fig. 2 is the sectional view that Fig. 1 gasification agent nozzle is at A-A place under stagger arrangement arrangement state; Fig. 3 is the sectional view that Fig. 1 gasification agent nozzle is at A-A place under uniform distribution; The one-piece construction schematic diagram that Fig. 4 is the quantity of gasification agent nozzle when being 2; Fig. 5 is the sectional view that Fig. 4 gasification agent nozzle is at A-A place under stagger arrangement arrangement state; Fig. 6 is the sectional view (the few vertical line of Fig. 6 vaporized chemical spout 7) that Fig. 4 gasification agent nozzle is at A-A place under uniform distribution; The one-piece construction schematic diagram that Fig. 7 is the quantity of gasification agent nozzle when being 4; Fig. 8 is the sectional view that Fig. 7 gasification agent nozzle is at A-A place under stagger arrangement arrangement state; Fig. 9 is the sectional view that Fig. 7 gasification agent nozzle is at A-A place under uniform distribution; Figure 10 is existing vapourizing furnace air trajectory figure (label 36 represents vaporized chemical and coal dust, and label 37 is slag film).
Embodiment
Embodiment one: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical of present embodiment rotates by force coal dust gasification device and comprises coal dust burner 1, gasification body of heater 2, gasification hearth 3, synthetic gas passage 5 and slag bath 6, gasification hearth 3 is arranged in gasification body of heater 2, coal dust burner 1 is arranged on the upper end of gasification body of heater 2 and is communicated with the gasification hearth 3 of gasification body of heater 2, synthetic gas passage 5 sealing is plugged on the middle and lower part of gasification body of heater 2, slag bath 6 is positioned at the bottom of gasification body of heater 2, it is characterized in that: it also comprises multiple gasification agent nozzle 7 and two swirl vanes 9, coal dust burner 1 is at the vaporized chemical passage 11 of the coal dust channel 10 and annular of coaxially offering annular in the radial direction from the inside to the outside successively, two swirl vanes 9 are arranged on the nearly fire end of the nearly fire end of the coal dust channel 10 of annular and the vaporized chemical passage 11 of annular respectively, multiple gasification agent nozzle 7 sealing is inserted in the short transverse of gasification body of heater 2, simultaneously, multiple gasification agent nozzle 7 along gasification body of heater 2 circumferential direction stagger arrangement or be evenly arranged.
Embodiment two: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the gasification hearth 3 of present embodiment is the solid of revolution surrounded by water wall.Setting like this, to be convenient to be arranged in gasification body of heater 2 and to match with the inner-cavity structure of gasification body of heater 2.Other composition is identical with embodiment one with annexation.
Embodiment three: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the water wall of present embodiment comprises many pipes 4, and many pipes 4 vertically arrange and surround water wall.Setting like this, is convenient to cool gasification body of heater 2.Other composition is identical with embodiment two with annexation.
Embodiment four: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, multiple gasification agent nozzle 7 of present embodiment all tangentially direction sealing are inserted in gasification body of heater 2.Setting like this, is convenient to form strong rotary pneumatic flow field in vapourizing furnace.Other composition is identical with embodiment two or three with annexation.
Embodiment five: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the axis of the coal dust burner 1 of present embodiment and the dead in line of gasification hearth 3.Setting like this, is convenient to breeze airflow all directions in stove and is evenly distributed.Other composition is identical with embodiment four with annexation.
Embodiment six: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the quantity of multiple gasification agent nozzle 7 of present embodiment is 2,3 or 4.Setting like this, is convenient to the size according to vapourizing furnace body of heater, rotates the intensity distribution of airflow field in regulating stove.Other composition is identical with embodiment five with annexation.
Embodiment seven: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the gasification process of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
Step one: setting gasification hearth 3 intrinsic parameter;
Setting gasification hearth 3 internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 4MPa, and the operating temperature of gasification hearth 3 is 1250 ~ 1600 DEG C;
Step 2: send into dry pulverized coal;
Temperature is that the dry pulverized coal of 25 ~ 100 DEG C is carried by nitrogen or carbonic acid gas that to send into gasification hearth 3 with the coal dust channel 9 of cyclone mode on coal dust burner 1 inner, the temperature accounting for total amount 10% ~ 40% is that the vaporized chemical of 20 ~ 400 DEG C (oxygen and water vapour) sprays into burner hearth 3 inside with the vaporized chemical passage 11 of the mode of eddy flow on coal dust burner 1, and vaporized chemical and coal dust flow at furnace roof region rotating Vortex downmix;
Step 3: dry pulverized coal burning forms slag;
Coal dust and vaporized chemical mixed airflow touch after Central backflow area entrainments the high-temperature synthesis gas of returning, and lighted, form slag at burner hearth 3 top combustion by it;
Step 4: slag is generating gasification reaction in vapourizing furnace;
The temperature that residue accounts for total amount 60% ~ 90% is that the vaporized chemical of 20 ~ 400 DEG C tangentially sprays into burner hearth 3 by described side wall surface vaporized chemical spout 7 with the velocity stages of 100 ~ 200m/s, strong swirling eddy is formed after vaporized chemical air-flow at a high speed pours burner hearth, under the influence of centrifugal force, the slag of 70%-80% is thrown to face, furnace wall and forms thicker slag blanket, slag blanket is even, swirling eddy constantly washes away the slag blanket on burner hearth wall, and gasification reaction strong in its generation;
Step 5: deslagging;
The raw gas that gasification generates flows out burner hearth 3 by described synthetic gas passage 5, and the slag of generation flows into slag bath 6 along wall, discharges vapourizing furnace after cooling by bottom slag discharge.
Embodiment eight: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the volume fraction of the dry pulverized coal sent in the step 2 of present embodiment is 1% ~ 25%.Setting like this, is convenient to reduce defeated powder nitrogen or amount of carbon dioxide, reduce carrier gas cost, and in ensureing the synthetic gas that vapourizing furnace is produced, effective gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) content is higher.Other composition is identical with embodiment seven with annexation.
Embodiment nine: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the vaporized chemical in the step 2 of present embodiment and step 4 is oxygen and water vapour.Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with annexation.
Embodiment ten: composition graphs 1 to Fig. 9 illustrates present embodiment, the water vapour of present embodiment and the mass ratio of oxygen are 0 ~ 0.4:1.Other composition is identical with embodiment nine with annexation.
In the vapourizing furnace of present embodiment, principle of work as shown in Figure 1.Nitrogen or carbonic acid gas carry coal dust and blow into coal dust channel 9 in coal dust burner 1, rotate and spray into burner hearth 3 after flowing through swirl vane 8, formed rotate downward breeze airflow on burner hearth 3 top.The vaporized chemical (oxygen and water vapour) accounting for 10% ~ 40% enters the vaporized chemical passage 11 in coal dust burner 1, rotates and spray into burner hearth 3 after flowing through swirl vane 9, is formed rotate downward vaporized chemical air-flow on burner hearth 3 top.Breeze airflow rotating Vortex together with vaporized chemical air-flow flows, and both flow process constantly mix.Coal dust and vaporized chemical mixed airflow and Central backflow area entrainment after the high-temperature synthesis gas of returning mixes, and lighted, form slag at burner hearth 3 top combustion by it.The vaporized chemical of remaining 60% ~ 90% tangentially sprays into burner hearth 3 through the classification of side wall surface vaporized chemical spout 7 high speed, is subject to the restriction of furnace wall in burner hearth 3, forms the strong vaporized chemical air-flow rotated.Under the injection of this strand of strong rotary pneumatic agent air-flow, the slag that coal dust firing is formed, the high-temperature synthesis gas of entrainmenting rotate near wall district and flow downward together with vaporized chemical air-flow; Be subject to the strong effect rotating the centrifugal force produced, the slag of about 80% is got rid of on wall, forms the uniform thicker liquid slag blanket of one deck.The remaining slag of about 20%, the high-temperature synthesis gas of entrainmenting and vaporized chemical air-flow mix and continue to rotate near wall district to flow downward.Slag blanket slowly flows downward along wall, and the strong mixed airflow rotated then constantly washes away wall slag blanket, and in the process, the vaporized chemical in mixed airflow constantly with the slag in wall slag blanket, mixed airflow, strong gasification reaction occurs.Reacted wall slag blanket continues to flow downward along wall, is discharged after entering slag bath cooling by slag-drip opening.Rotate the continuous generating gasification reaction of downward mixed airflow, when arriving vapourizing furnace bottom, become the synthesis gas flow of high temperature.Because mixed airflow is in nearly furnace wall district rotational flow, the pressure at burner hearth center is relatively low, and the synthetic gas of vapourizing furnace bottom is subject to Involving velocity, at burner hearth central upward flow, forms stable high temperature center recirculating zone.The high-temperature synthesis gas that high temperature center recirculating zone is entrainmented is back to vapourizing furnace top, lights the breeze airflow sprayed into by coal dust burner 1, and then enter near wall region rotate move downward.Finally, the synthetic gas of generation flows out from synthetic gas passage 5.
The 80000Nm of an application specific embodiment of the invention one
3the vapourizing furnace of/h gas making amount, there is not scaling loss in predicted operation 4 years water wall, can ensure that lasting operation is not stopped for 4 years, compare other technology, reduces financial loss 1.6 hundred million yuan.Numerical evaluation checking is learnt: this TV station vapourizing furnace wall thickness of slag layer is 6mm, slag blanket is thicker and even, coal dust residing time in furnace is 14s, the residence time is longer, and gasification agent inlet place coal dust and vaporized chemical speed of relative movement are about 150m/s, and syngas outlet place coal dust and vaporized chemical speed of relative movement are about 75m/s, coal dust and vaporized chemical average relative are about 115m/s, coal dust and vaporized chemical speed of relative movement high, it is rapid that gas is diffused into particle surface, and speed of reaction is high.
Certain chemical plant adopts a 80000Nm of general technology
3the vapourizing furnace of/h gas making amount, coal dust is about 5s at residing time in furnace, the speed of relative movement of vaporized chemical and slag is about 0.1m/s, wall-cooling surface slag film thickness is thinner, about 2mm, and slag non-uniform film thickness is even, internal partial wall face is exposed in high-temperature flue gas environment, the easy scaling loss of inner-wall surface, stops once because of inner-wall surface scaling loss every year on average, often stops and once cause total financial loss about 4,000 ten thousand yuan.
Spacing is in the height direction recommended under the superiors' gasification agent nozzle and orlop gasification agent nozzle to be 0.5D ~ 0.7D, the wherein circular diameter that surrounds for the water wall pipe center of circle of D, the gasification agent nozzle be between the superiors and orlop gasification agent nozzle is evenly arranged in therebetween in the height direction.
Claims (10)
1. the multistage infeed of vaporized chemical rotates by force coal dust gasification device, it comprises coal dust burner (1), gasification body of heater (2), gasification hearth (3), synthetic gas passage (5) and slag bath (6), gasification hearth (3) is arranged in gasification body of heater (2), coal dust burner (1) is arranged on the upper end of gasification body of heater (2) and is communicated with the gasification hearth (3) of gasification body of heater (2), synthetic gas passage (5) sealing is plugged on the bottom of gasification body of heater (2), slag bath (6) is positioned at the bottom of gasification body of heater (2), it is characterized in that: it also comprises multiple gasification agent nozzle (7) and two swirl vanes (9), coal dust burner (1) is at the vaporized chemical passage (11) of the coal dust channel (10) and annular of coaxially offering annular in the radial direction from the inside to the outside successively, two swirl vanes (9) are arranged on the nearly fire end of the nearly fire end of the coal dust channel (10) of annular and the vaporized chemical passage (11) of annular respectively, multiple gasification agent nozzle (7) is inserted in gasification hearth (3) along short transverse sealing, simultaneously, multiple gasification agent nozzle (7) along gasification body of heater (2) circumferential direction stagger arrangement or be evenly arranged.
2. the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical according to claim 1 rotates by force coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: gasification hearth (3) is the solid of revolution surrounded by water wall.
3. the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical according to claim 2 rotates by force coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: water wall comprises many pipes (4), and many pipes (4) vertically arrange and surround water wall.
4. the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical according to claim 3 rotates by force coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: multiple gasification agent nozzle (7) all tangentially direction sealing is inserted in gasification hearth (3).
5. the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical according to claim 4 rotates by force coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: the axis of coal dust burner (1) and the dead in line of gasification hearth (3).
6. the multistage infeed of a kind of vaporized chemical according to claim 5 rotates by force coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: the quantity of multiple gasification agent nozzle (7) is 2,3 or 4.
7. use the multistage infeed of the vaporized chemical described in claim 1 or 6 to rotate by force a gasification process for coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: setting gasification hearth (3) intrinsic parameter;
Setting gasification hearth (3) internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 4MPa, and the operating temperature of gasification hearth (3) is 1250 ~ 1600 DEG C;
Step 2: send into dry pulverized coal;
Temperature is that the dry pulverized coal of 25 ~ 100 DEG C carries with the coal dust channel (9) feeding gasification hearth (3) of cyclone mode on coal dust burner (1) inner by nitrogen or carbonic acid gas, it is inner that the temperature accounting for total amount 10% ~ 40% is that the vaporized chemical of 20 ~ 400 DEG C sprays into burner hearth (3) with the vaporized chemical passage (11) of the mode of eddy flow on coal dust burner (1), and vaporized chemical and coal dust flow at furnace roof region rotating Vortex downmix;
Step 3: dry pulverized coal burning forms slag;
Coal dust and vaporized chemical mixed airflow touch after Central backflow area entrainments the high-temperature synthesis gas of returning, and lighted, form slag at burner hearth (3) top combustion by it;
Step 4: slag is generating gasification reaction in vapourizing furnace;
The temperature that residue accounts for total amount 60% ~ 90% is that the vaporized chemical of 20 ~ 400 DEG C tangentially sprays into burner hearth (3) by described side wall surface vaporized chemical spout (7) with the velocity stages of 100 ~ 200m/s, strong swirling eddy is formed after vaporized chemical air-flow at a high speed pours burner hearth, under the influence of centrifugal force, the slag of 70%-80% is thrown to face, furnace wall and forms thicker slag blanket, slag blanket is even, swirling eddy constantly washes away the slag blanket on burner hearth wall, and gasification reaction strong in its generation;
Step 5: deslagging;
The raw gas that gasification generates flows out burner hearth (3) by described synthetic gas passage (5), and the lime-ash of generation flows into slag bath (6) along wall, discharges vapourizing furnace after cooling by bottom slag discharge.
8. the multistage infeed of use vaporized chemical according to claim 7 rotates by force the gasification process of coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: the dry pulverized coal sent in step 2 accounts for 1% ~ 25% of defeated powder gas and coal dust intermixture cumulative volume.
9. the multistage infeed of use vaporized chemical according to claim 8 rotates by force the gasification process of coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: the vaporized chemical in step 2 and step 4 is oxygen and water vapour.
10. the multistage infeed of use vaporized chemical according to claim 9 rotates by force the gasification process of coal dust gasification device, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio of water vapour and oxygen is 0 ~ 0.4:1.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510578725.3A CN105087073A (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2015-09-11 | Device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through multistage feeding and strong rotation of gasifying agents |
| PCT/CN2015/091286 WO2017041338A1 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2015-09-30 | Intensified rotating coal dust gasification apparatus having multi-stage gasification agent provision and gasification method |
| DE112015000112.3T DE112015000112B4 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2015-09-30 | Gasification device for coal powder with multi-stage supply of gasification agent and strong turbulence as well as corresponding gasification process |
| US14/906,757 US10005973B2 (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2015-09-30 | Pulverized coal gasification furnace with multi-level feeding of high speed circulating gasification agent and gasification method |
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| CN201510578725.3A CN105087073A (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2015-09-11 | Device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through multistage feeding and strong rotation of gasifying agents |
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| CN105087073A true CN105087073A (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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| CN201510578725.3A Pending CN105087073A (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2015-09-11 | Device and method for gasifying pulverized coal through multistage feeding and strong rotation of gasifying agents |
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| CN110964572A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-04-07 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Gasification agent tangent circle strong rotation pulverized coal gasification furnace device for preventing furnace wall burning loss |
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