CN105065000A - Rapid coal uncovering process and outburst prevention method of large-section tunnel - Google Patents
Rapid coal uncovering process and outburst prevention method of large-section tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105065000A CN105065000A CN201510428853.XA CN201510428853A CN105065000A CN 105065000 A CN105065000 A CN 105065000A CN 201510428853 A CN201510428853 A CN 201510428853A CN 105065000 A CN105065000 A CN 105065000A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid coal uncovering process and outburst prevention method of a large-section tunnel in expressways and railways, including the steps of during a tunneling process of the large-section tunnel of an expressway or a railway, before reaching an outburst seam, constructing an advanced borehole, and roughly detecting a seam position to generally master an occurrence state of the seam; when reaching the outburst seam, constructing a crossing hole to accurately detect the seam, using the borehole to measure gas pressure of the seam, performing sampling to quickly measure parameters including gas content, industrial analysis and the like so as to predict the outburst risk of the seam through multiple indexes; taking targeted coal-rock mass solidifying measures to completely eliminate outburst of an uncovering face of the large-section tunnel, with surrounding rock stability providing fast coal uncovering in the tunnel. The invention has the advantages that the use of the multiple indexes to predict the outburst risk of the seam ensures accurateness of prediction results, ensures coal uncovering safety and enables accurateness of predicted non-outburst to be up to 100%; the method is simple to operate, construction is safe, overall uncovering time is short, outburst prevention is effective, and the method is widely applicable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to speedway, railway large-bore tunnel rapid uncovering coal technology.
Background technology
Coal and gas prominent is the serious natural calamity of one in the tunneling processes such as coal production, speedway and railway tunnel, roadway facility can be destroyed during generation, destroy mine ventilation system, coal petrography and gas are poured out, impact is hurted sb.'s feelings, coal stream buries people, gas the personnel that cause suffocate, and even causes serious gas and coal-dust explosion, causes massive losses such as producing interruption, casualties.
Tunnel exposed coal, namely tunnel starts outside the end (top) slate layer and coal seam normal distance 10m, enters or be greater than through projecting coal bed top (end) plate normal distance whole operation process of 2m.Because speedway, railway tunnel excavated section are very big, often excavated section reaches 100m
2above, the outburst hazard of exposed coal is also very big, and intensity of outburst is also high.Tunnel exposed coal is because of himself characteristic, normally pass through the original coal body do not exploited etc. and affect, its gas pressure, stress are all in a state of nature, when exposing these coal seams, work plane enters suddenly softer coal seam by hard rock stratum, work plane front stress concentrates scope easily to undergo mutation, these be all coal and gas prominent create necessary and favourable condition.Outstanding feature occurs tunnel exposed coal is that intensity is large, gas amount large, it is wide to involve, and destruction is large, and harm is serious.
Coal and gas prominent is the complicated dynamic phenomenon that a kind of multifactor acting in conjunction produces, in the real work of tunnel exposed coal, an index should do not used separately to carry out outburst prediction, because the mensuration of an index is difficult to by the impact of several factors survey standard, and be also different to this index of same projecting coal bed different location, an alone index judges often with very large contingency, it is dangerous to be difficult to Accurate Prediction, and easily cause error in judgement, therefore multifactor acting in conjunction effect must be considered in tunnel exposed coal.
China's coal seam group with near interval is widely distributed.The overwhelming majority regional coal seam, the Guizhou Province number of plies is many, and the main mining coal seam number of plies is 3 ~ 20 layers; Minable coal seam varied in thickness is large, and coal seam interlamellar spacing is little, and belongs to high methane, low air permeability coal seam more.During the section of Tunnel Passing coal seam, often, control coal and gas prominent workload is large for exposed coal.According to the regulation of " control coal and gas prominent specifies " (hereinafter referred to as " protrusion-dispelling specifies ") and " super-long railway tunnel technical specification " (TB10120-2002), one time tunnel exposed coal (comprise pressure measurement of drilling, take out coal-bed gas etc. in advance) at least needs the cost time of 2 ~ 3 months.Exposed coal required time is long, will directly affect the driving progress in tunnel.For some speedways of Guizhou Province and railway, tunneling a gas tunnel need through which floor even tens layers of minable coal seam, each coal seam all in various degree there is coal and gas prominent danger, if in strict accordance with the requirement exposed coal of " protrusion-dispelling specifies " and " super-long railway tunnel technical specification ", then tunnel just needs the time of 2 ~ 3 years through coal seam section.Visible, research and find one not only safety but also exposed coal technological process control in tunnel is extremely important very fast.
At present, the subject matter of domestic and international tunnel exposed coal protrusion-dispelling technology existence is as described below:
(1) by " protrusion-dispelling regulation " related request, gas pressure index prediction Coal Seam Outburst Hazard should be adopted.When projecting coal bed do not possess direct pressure measurement, can adopt measure coal seam gas-bearing capacity predict.In August, 2009, the enforcement of " protrusion-dispelling specifies ", clearly using an important indicator that coal seam gas-bearing capacity is predicted as Coal Seam Outburst Hazard.But the size of coal seam gas-bearing capacity and distribution are subject to the combined influence of the factors such as coal evolution grade, geologic process, buried depth, are difficult to accurately measure.
(2) exposed coal common technology in tunnel is blown out at a distance, and especially explosion exposed coal easily brings out coal and gas prominent accident.Therefore how evading because blowing out the postponing bursting that causes also is the problem needing in tunnel exposed coal technique to solve.
To sum up, research one is safety but also exposed coal technological process control fast not only, and the too many time that can solve spent by conventional exposed coal means is the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide one to realize large cross-section tunnel rapid uncovering coal technique and anti-burst method.
The present invention realizes by the following method:
A kind of speedway, railway large-bore tunnel rapid uncovering coal technique and anti-burst method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A. the first step: at constructing tunnel to apart from normal distance 20m position, coal seam, to construct along the place of each 2 meters about tunnel center line before 2 at face and visits horizontal drilling, according to run of steel, position, drilling cuttings pre-test coal seam in hole;
B. second step: at constructing tunnel to the position of coal seam normal distance 10m, boring arranges 1 along tunnel center line, the front prospecting bit hole of 1 drilling construction 5 is respectively arranged in the upper and lower, left and right in tunnel, described boring arranges 1 along tunnel center line, the upper and lower, left and right in tunnel respectively arrange 1, and the control range of described boring is the outer 8m of tunnel front tunnel contour line; Prospecting bit hole before utilizing, gets core and measures coal seam gas-bearing capacity, gets coal dust and measures drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index K
1or Δ h
2; After gas bearing capacity and drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index determining terminate, adopt active manometric method, before utilizing, visit measuring gas pressure of coal bed by drilling hole;
C. the 3rd step: according to prediction index measurement result, judge whether dangerous, if when predicting dangerous property, construction, to apart from normal distance 7m place, coal seam, is taked to wear layer extraction borehole or run before to exhaust to drill a hole measure, the gas in extraction or discharge coal seam;
D. the 4th step: after taking extraction or emission measure certain hour, gas density be down in safe range, again construction drill, get coal sample, measures validity check index, tests and evaluate measure effect; When checking without time dangerous, by tunnel digging to coal seam normal distance 2m; Otherwise, should take to supplement take out, bleeder off hole eliminates danger; In tunnel far from normal distance 2m place, coal seam, again coal-bed gas outburst hazard is verified; If without danger, then open coal seam after taking safety prevention measure; Otherwise, should take to supplement take out, bleeder off hole eliminates exposed coal work plane outburst danger;
E. the 5th step: before opening coal seam, adopts the method for coal and rock slip casting solidification to improve coal mass strength, coal body is injected in the mixing of chemosetting liquid and is cured reinforcing; After opening coal seam, during half coal road crossing tunnel door and coal roadway tunneling, work plane P. drechsleri drilling depth controls at 0.8 ~ 1.6m.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention adopts multi objective to predict the outburst hazard in coal seam, change the prediction of conventional tunnel exposed coal outburst hazard and adopt the polytropy of Individual forecast index existence and probabilistic shortcoming, develop into based on coal-bed gas pressure, drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index (K
1or Δ h
2), the multi-parameter index such as coal seam gas-bearing capacity W is the outburst hazard of auxiliary synthetic determination tunnel exposed coal work plane, ensure the accuracy predicted the outcome, guarantee safe coal-openning, make the outstanding rate of accuracy reached of prediction to 100%.
2, the present invention has dangerous seam with potential to prediction, before tunnel exposed coal, coal-bed gas data of holes drilled is taken out in advance by appropriate design, Optimization deployment, implement to take out in advance in advance to tunnel exposed coal work plane coal-bed gas, and make pre-pumping rate > 30%, realize treating that the outburst hazard of exposed coal layer reduces or eliminates, the gas pressure of exposed coal work plane and content are down to and allow in safe range, for tunnel rapid uncovering coal creates conditions.
3, the present invention adopt coal and rock slip casting to solidify method to improve coal mass strength, the Protodyakonov coefficient of coal body can be made to bring up to 6 (> 0.5) from 0.2, and gas diffusion initial speed is down to 5 (< 10) from 20.
4, a whole set of exposed coal technique of the present invention and anti-burst method are used for finishing all high speed water Jing Gou tunnels, and hole, left and right two is exposed coal 14 level respectively, and the overall duration is significantly shortened.The method is easy and simple to handle, and construction safety, the exposed coal overall time is short and protrusion-dispelling is effective, has extensive practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is large cross-section tunnel rapid uncovering coal technique and anti-burst method route map
Fig. 2 is large cross-section tunnel rapid uncovering coal technique and protrusion-dispelling flow chart
Detailed description of the invention
By detailed description of the invention, explanation is further explained to technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
The first step: Bound moisture Jing Gou treats exposed coal layer gas bearing and condition of coal seam occurrence in tunnel, apart from normal distance 20m position, coal seam, to construct along the place of each 2 meters about tunnel center line at face and to visit horizontal drilling before 2 and to construct 2 advance boreholes, according to run of steel, position, drilling cuttings pre-test coal seam in hole;
Second step: at constructing tunnel to the position apart from coal seam normal 10m, to construct 5 front prospecting bit holes, utilize existing method, according to bore direction, inclination angle, hole depth, position of opening, see coal rock layer character, position, thickness make sectional drawing, plan view, profile are analyzed; Accurately verify the trend in tunnel front and coal seam, tendency, occurrence, thickness basic condition; Boring arranges 1 along tunnel center line, and the upper and lower, left and right in tunnel respectively arrange 1, and the control range of described boring is the outer 8m of tunnel front tunnel contour line; Prospecting bit hole before utilizing, gets core and measures coal seam gas-bearing capacity, gets coal dust and measures drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index K
1or Δ h
2; After gas bearing capacity and drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index determining terminate, adopt active manometric method, before utilizing, visit measuring gas pressure of coal bed by drilling hole;
The method of Fast Measurement coal seam gas-bearing capacity is: 1. utilize the prediction before pressure measuring drill hole or exposed coal to hole, and adopts SDQ deep hole fixed point rapid sampling attachment (existing apparatus), gets coal sample and carry out site desorption; 2. utilize the direct determinator of DGC type gas bearing capacity (existing apparatus), realize measuring coal seam gas-bearing capacity in 1h; 3. utilize pressure measuring drill hole (prior art) to take coal sample to send the relevant parameter such as Industrial Analysis index, absorption constant a, b value of experimental determination coal seam residual gas content, coal, according to Lang Gemiaoer equation, calculate coal seam residual gas content.Adding can desorbing mash gas content, determines coal seam gas-bearing capacity fast; 4. from apart from the overall process to exposed coal treating exposed coal layer normal 10m, adopt multi-parameter compound to judge the outburst hazard in coal seam, multi-parameter is gas pressure is main, drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index (K
1or Δ h
2), coal seam gas-bearing capacity W combines, avoid single index to predict the contingency that Coal Seam Outburst Hazard causes and insensitivity, further ensure accuracy and the reliability of outburst prediction, guarantee the safety of exposed coal.
Adopt initiatively manometric method, to reduce the impact on normal driving as far as possible, realize the mechanics parameter of the projecting coal bed gas pressure of Fast Measurement and its Industrial Analysis of sampling determination and coal.
3rd step: according to prediction index measurement result, as coal-bed gas pressure, drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index (K
1or Δ h
2), all to meet safety standard be then be considered as safety to coal seam gas-bearing capacity W parameter index, if there is one to fail safety standards, then be considered as danger, if dangerous, construction is taked to wear layer extraction borehole or run before to exhaust to drill a hole measure to apart from normal distance 7m place, coal seam, the gas in extraction or discharge coal seam.
By existing technological design gas pre-drainage, bleeder off hole parameter, according to the arrangement principle of pre-draining borehole, calculate extraction time, extraction amount and gas pumping rate, comprising measuring drilling gas flow and Gas characteristic parameter targetedly, extrapolate gas permeability of coal seam size further, then extraction time and the hole pumping and mining radius of influence etc. is determined according to coal bed gas extraction complexity, to provide foundation for the not good layout pressure relief blow of extinction validity check from now on hole.
4th step: after taking extraction or emission measure certain hour, construction drill again, gets coal sample, measures validity check index, tests and evaluate measure effect.When checking without time dangerous, adopt " short drilling depth, strong supporting, soon driving " construction technology by tunnel digging to coal seam normal distance 2m; Otherwise, should take to supplement take out, bleeder off hole eliminates danger.In tunnel far from normal distance 2m place, coal seam, again coal-bed gas outburst hazard is verified.If without danger, then open coal seam after taking safety prevention measure; Otherwise, should take to supplement take out, bleeder off hole eliminates exposed coal work plane outburst danger;
5th step: take safety prevention measure to open coal seam institute, state safety prevention measure to comprise and blow out explosion at a distance, the method of coal and rock slip casting solidification is adopted to improve coal mass strength before explosion, by consolidation liquid, make it under a certain pressure, permeate among coalmass crevasse and hole, the inner surface of coal is made to form bonding cementing, change the inhomogeneity of coal, improve coal mass strength and self-bearing capacity, increase resistance during coal and gas prominent; After opening coal seam, during half coal road crossing tunnel door and coal roadway tunneling, work plane P. drechsleri drilling depth controls at 0.8 ~ 1.6m; Consolidation liquid is cement or polyurethane or polyureas acid fat material.
In sum, the inventive method be based upon visit coal, prediction, inspection reliably basis on, determine that exposed coal work plane front eliminates condition premised on outburst danger, then taking swash for delaying, breaking the whole up into parts method construction.Avoid too drastic, too fast construction, to reduce the vibration influence to coal seam, keep the stable of coal body and tunnel, cannot not reach outstandingly, the object of safe coal-openning.Disclose in the process of coal seam, require to carry out exposed coal according to existing " short drilling depth, strong supporting, fast driving, strict control reason " principle, carry out prediction without outburst hazard after, another is different from the protrusion-dispelling means of traditional exposed coal to adopt " country rock and coal body grouting and reinforcing outburst prevention measures ", after the coal and rock solidification in exposed coal region, then carry out effect and examine, determining that the coal body in pre-draining borehole and bleeder off hole control range eliminates outburst hazard completely, and strengthen coal and rock supporting, play rapid uncovering coal effect.
Claims (1)
1. speedway, railway large-bore tunnel rapid uncovering coal technique and an anti-burst method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A. the first step: at constructing tunnel to apart from normal distance 20m position, coal seam, to construct along the place of each 2 meters about tunnel center line before 2 at face and visits horizontal drilling, according to run of steel, position, drilling cuttings pre-test coal seam in hole;
B. second step: at constructing tunnel to the position of coal seam normal distance 10m, boring arranges 1 along tunnel center line, the front prospecting bit hole of 1 drilling construction 5 is respectively arranged in the upper and lower, left and right in tunnel, described boring arranges 1 along tunnel center line, the upper and lower, left and right in tunnel respectively arrange 1, and the control range of described boring is the outer 8m of tunnel front tunnel contour line; Prospecting bit hole before utilizing, gets core and measures coal seam gas-bearing capacity, gets coal dust and measures drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index K
1or Δ h
2; After gas bearing capacity and drilling cuttings desorption of mash gas index determining terminate, adopt active manometric method, before utilizing, visit measuring gas pressure of coal bed by drilling hole;
C. the 3rd step: according to prediction index measurement result, judge whether dangerous, if when predicting dangerous property, construction, to apart from normal distance 7m place, coal seam, is taked to wear layer extraction borehole or run before to exhaust to drill a hole measure, the gas in extraction or discharge coal seam;
D. the 4th step: after taking extraction or emission measure certain hour, gas density be down in safe range, again construction drill, get coal sample, measures validity check index, tests and evaluate measure effect; When checking without time dangerous, by tunnel digging to coal seam normal distance 2m; Otherwise, should take to supplement take out, bleeder off hole eliminates danger; In tunnel far from normal distance 2m place, coal seam, again coal-bed gas outburst hazard is verified; If without danger, then open coal seam after taking safety prevention measure; Otherwise, should take to supplement take out, bleeder off hole eliminates exposed coal work plane outburst danger;
E. the 5th step: before opening coal seam, adopts the method for coal and rock slip casting solidification to improve coal mass strength, consolidation liquid is injected coal body and is cured reinforcing; After opening coal seam, during half coal road crossing tunnel door and coal roadway tunneling, work plane P. drechsleri drilling depth controls at 0.8 ~ 1.6m.
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CN105863638A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 山东唐口煤业有限公司 | Method for controlling abnormal gushing of rock burst inclination coal bed gas |
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CN108194094A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-22 | 中铁十九局集团第二工程有限公司 | The construction technology of Tunnel Passing gas stratomere |
CN109236353A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-18 | 中铁十六局集团有限公司 | A kind of exposed coal protrusion-dispelling construction method in high methane Tunnel Passing coal seam |
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CN107035403A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-08-11 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of non-explosion-proof flexible transport method in high methane and Gas Outburst tunnel |
CN107035403B (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2019-06-04 | 中铁隧道集团有限公司 | A kind of high methane and the non-explosion-proof flexible transport method in Gas Outburst tunnel |
CN109555554A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-04-02 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Railway Tunnel passes through coal-bed gas outburst hazard prediction construction method |
CN108194094A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-22 | 中铁十九局集团第二工程有限公司 | The construction technology of Tunnel Passing gas stratomere |
CN109236353A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-18 | 中铁十六局集团有限公司 | A kind of exposed coal protrusion-dispelling construction method in high methane Tunnel Passing coal seam |
CN109869193A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-11 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Mine coal and gas outburst early warning robot and early warning method thereof |
CN110306987A (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-10-08 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Drain cavern exposed coal and protrusion-dispelling construction method |
CN110306987B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-05-25 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Drainage tunnel coal uncovering and outburst prevention construction method |
CN110863858A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-06 | 中铁十局集团有限公司 | Outburst prevention control program and outburst prevention method for high-pressure harmful gas of non-coal-series stratum tunnel |
CN111779463A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-10-16 | 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 | Coal uncovering outburst prevention construction method for super-thick coal seam of gas outburst tunnel of highway |
WO2024139800A1 (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-07-04 | 中海建筑有限公司 | Construction method for gas partition system of gas outburst tunnel |
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