CN105064408B - A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover Download PDFInfo
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- CN105064408B CN105064408B CN201510460789.3A CN201510460789A CN105064408B CN 105064408 B CN105064408 B CN 105064408B CN 201510460789 A CN201510460789 A CN 201510460789A CN 105064408 B CN105064408 B CN 105064408B
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Landscapes
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, well lid and the well seat of the manhole cover are made using ultra-high performance concrete with reinforcing bar, and well lid is molded with the ultra-high performance concrete one-time-concreting containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibres respectively with well seat；The round manhole cover structure that well lid upper surface is plane, lower surface is curved surface；Reinforcing steel bar is located at well lid bottom, parallel with lower surface curved surface；Well lid lower surface curved surface to be shaped as round manhole cover center most thick, it is gradually thinning to edge, gradually increase thickness again close to well lid edge support surfaces.The advantage of the invention is that：With ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure design and optimization method of the invention, the ultra-high performance concrete strength of materials and toughness and reinforced steel bar strength can be effectively played and make full use of so that obtain rationally, the excellent ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure of lightweight, all round properties.
Description
Technical field
Checked the present invention relates to a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, especially a kind of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete
Well lid.
Background technology
Ultra-high performance concrete（Ultra-High Performance Concrete, abbreviation UHPC）, because need to typically mix
Enter steel fibre or high-strength polymer fiber, also referred to as very-high performance fibre reinforced concrete（Ultra-High
Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete, abbreviation UHPFRC）.UHPC is different from traditional high-strength concrete
（HSC）And steel fiber reinforced concrete（SFRC）, nor traditional sense " high performance concrete（HPC）" high strengthening, but performance
The clear and definite new types of Cernent based structures engineering material of index.Tsing-Hua University professor Qin Weizu in 1999 etc. publishes an article, and " one kind is super
High performance concrete-RPC " introduction UHPC, still more uses " reactive powder in China so far
Concrete（Abbreviation RPC）" title.RPC is a French proprietary name for company, and publicity is introduced more and is widely known by the people.
This kind of new material is referred to as UHPC by France scholar De Larrard in 1994 etc., because UHPC or UHPFRC titles do not have business color
Coloured silk, and the superior function of this cement-based material or concrete can be more preferably expressed, progressively it is widely accepted and adopted.
The more representational definition of UHPC or the characteristic for needing to have are as follows：It is a kind of level of composition material particle with reaching
Optimal cement-base composite material；Water-cement ratio is less than 0.25, the fine short Stainless-steel fibre material containing higher proportion；Pressure resistance
Degree is not less than 150MPa；Toughness with tension state, still keeps tensile strength to be not less than 5MPa after cracking（France requires
7MPa）；Inside has non-intercommunicating pore structure, the ability for having resistance air-liquid body immersion very high, mixed with conventional concrete and high-performance
Solidifying soil（HPC）Compare, durability can be increased substantially.
UHPC belongs to modern advanced material, has innovated cement-based material（Concrete or mortar）With fiber, steel（Reinforcing bar or
High strength wire）Composite mode, the intensity utilization ratio of fiber and reinforcing bar in concrete is greatly improved, make water
The all round properties of mud based structures material there occurs great-leap-forward progress.The knot of high-strength light and high tenacity can be built using UHPC
Structure, thoroughly changes concrete structure " fat beams and columns " state；Durability and working life that its structure is possessed, much surmount
Other all structural materials such as steel, aluminium, plastics.
UHPC originates from Denmark in last century late nineteen seventies, and eight, the nineties compare system and go deep into Europe
Research, and beginning applied on mini engineering and product.Into this century, in many countries such as America and Europe, Japan and Korea S by UHPC
Research and development is carried out as new, following or strategic engineering material, France and Japan take the lead in having formulated design guidelines.Mesh
Before, the preparation of UHPC, production, construction and prefabricating technique have tended to ripe, and structural behaviour is in design specification and has developed
Kind process, engineering structure constantly makes further progress with the application of product, periodically holds international UHPC/UHPFRC seminars
Art is exchanged.
The preparation of UHPC and enhancing, toughness reinforcing principle
Some experimental studies of last century early seventies confirm that the packing of raising cement paste can be effectively improved
Intensity.The DSP of Denmark's scholar H.H. professor's Bache development（Densified System with ultra-fine
Particles）Theory, i.e.,：With fully dispersed ultra-fine grain（Silicon ash）It is filled in the space that cement granules pile up system, it is real
Existing particle packing densification.By the peptizaiton of high efficiency water reducing agent, the particles filled space occupied between cement granules of silicon ash
It is i.e. a large amount of to be originally the space of water filling, so that significantly reduce the voidage of solid particle accumulation and the water requirement of slurry,
DSP systems can make water-cement ratio be reduced to 0.10 ~ 0.20 ultra low levels.Use high-strength aggregate, the resistance to compression of DSP original concretes
Intensity can reach 280MPa, but fragility is very big；Stainless-steel fibre toughness reinforcing is used simultaneously（That is UHPC）, compression strength can reach
400MPa（Normal temperature is conserved）.Later further, France used high-pressure molding and HTHP（Pressure is steamed）The reactive powder of maintenance
Concrete（RPC）, maximum compression strength reached 800MPa.
The DSP matrixes of high compact are also very high with the packing at steel fibre interface, and interface binding intensity is significantly carried
Height, makes steel fibre that tension, bending resistance, cracking resistance and toughening effect are improved in DSP matrixes and is fully played.
Ultra high strength concrete is prepared with DSP is theoretical, is an important breakthrough of concrete technology.What the same time occurred
MDF cement（Macro Defect Free, macroscopical zero defect cement, with polymer-filled cement mortar hole and crack）, SIFCON
（Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete, the concrete of pre-fill steel fibre cement injection fine sand slurry）, it is also possible to obtain
The strength of materials and toughness very high is obtained, but the former needs roll-in or extrusion forming, and the latter is difficult to make steel fibre form three-dimensional heap
Product, by severely restricts in application, is only used for making small articles so far.DSP is theoretical to realize packing higher, only needs
Select suitable high-quality raw material and carry out mixtures optimal design, it is not necessary to use special process, use traditional mixing plant
With vibratory compaction method, can just produce and shaping.Therefore, based on the theoretical UHPC for preparing of DSP, practical rank is entered quickly
Section.
Nowadays, have been able to prepare self-compaction UHPC, pre-manufactured product is more convenient with cast in situs.Although preparing now
The technological approaches and use material of UHPC are presented variation, but the basic principle for following does not become, i.e. particle composition and match ratio
Maximize packing.
The mechanical property of UHPC
Simple superelevation compression strength is usually associated with " superelevation fragility ", is not intended to " very-high performance "." the superelevation of UHPC
Mechanical property " is more mainly reflected in superelevation tensile strength（Uniaxial tension and bending and tensile strength）And high tenacity, this is by addition
Chopped fiber is realized.The straight smooth round steel fiber of 0.15 ~ 0.4mm of early application diameter, 6 ~ 12mm of length, can be by the tension of UHPC
Intensity brings up to 30MPa, and energy to failure reaches 1,500 ~ 40,000N/m（Steel fibre volume content 2% ~ 12%）, stride into UHPC tough
Property, the ranks of high-toughness material（Energy to failure is more than 1,000J/m2It is divided into toughness material）.Now, using abnormity, particularly turn round
Turn the high-strength steel fibre of shape, can further improve tensile strength, deformability, toughness or the energy to failure of UHPC.Additionally, high-strength height
The polyvinyl alcohol of mould（PVA）Fiber is also used for enhancing and the toughness reinforcing of UHPC；Polyethylene（PP）Fiber is used to improve the fire resisting of UHPC
Ability.
The resistance to compression of UHPC significantly surmounts other cement-based materials with tensile strength.In terms of deformability, UHPC can be with
Stretching " strain hardening " behavior, i.e. single shaft tension experience elastic stage are realized in relatively low fiber level, is occurred more micro-
Crack, fiber drawing-resistant function starts；Subsequent tension rises, into the stiff strain hardening stage（It is similar to " bending for steel
Clothes "）；Reach maximum tension stress after cracking（Tensile strength）, there are indivedual cracks in local expansion, tension decline, enters afterwards
Enter softening stress-displacement stage." strain hardening " is the key character of toughness material, embodies the change of short fiber reinforced toughening efficiency " matter ", mesh
Preceding only ECC（Ductility cement-base composite material high）Can be realized " strain hardening " with UHPC.Common and high-intensity fiber concrete
（FRC、HSFRC）Cracking softens, and fibre strength fails effectively performance, therefore the effect for improving toughness is limited.Stainless-steel fibre increases
Tough UHPC, then the beam made with high tensile reinforcement or steel strand wires Application of composite（CRC or HRUHPC beams）, bending bearing capacity approach
The level of girder steel and bending resistance behavior is similar, it is possible to achieve intensity/mass ratio and rigidity/mass ratio higher.With reference to prestressing force skill
Art, UHPC also has bigger potentiality for building large span or high-strength light, the structure of high-ductility, and various bridges are had been developed that so far
Structure.
The durability of UHPC and sustainable development
Another performance of UHPC most attractions is potential superelevation durability.Theoretically and according to experiment so far
Result of study, can substantially determine：UHPC does not have Frozen-thawed cycled, alkali-aggregate reaction（AAR）And delayed ettringite formation
（DEF）The problem of destruction；In uncracked condition, the anti-carbonation of UHPC, resisting chloride ion penetration intrusion, resisting erosion of sulfate, anti-chemistry are rotten
The endurance quality index such as erosion, wear-resisting, with traditional high-strength high-performance concrete（HSC/HPC）Compare, there is carrying for the order of magnitude or multiple
It is high.But UHPC is intolerant to nitric acid ammonia corrosion, because steel fibre can very fast corrosion.
UHPC has extraordinary microcrack self-healing ability.Because water-cement ratio is very low, UHPC mixes and stirs water and is only capable of supplying portion
The inside of hydrated cementitious, most cement granules is divided to be in no hydrated state.Therefore, water or steam splitting into UHPC
Seam, aquation " will be continued " exposed to the unhydrated part of the cement granules of fracture faces；Combine the hydrated product of outside moisture
Volume is more than cement somehow volume, and additional volume can cram crack.Experiment and engineering verification show that the crack of UHPC is certainly
More microcrack reduction permeability can not only be closed and good durability is kept, while also play " cementing " crack, certain
Recover the mechanical property that concrete is reduced by crack in degree.
In the endurance quality of UHPC, the corrosion of surface steel fibre attracts people's attention always.Near the steel fibre protective layer on surface
Very little, it is also possible to exposing surface, in moist or corrosive atmosphere（The environment such as villaumite, acidity）, surface steel fibre has very fast generation
The danger of corrosion.The experiment of current 10 ~ 15 years and Practical Project observation show that, as long as steel fibre not exposing surface, UHPC is close
Real matrix can effectively protect the corrosion of steel fibre not corrosion, exposing surface steel fibre not expand to inside, only
It is limited to surface, but surface aesthetic can be influenceed.Therefore, for the UHPC structures that have decoration functions, it is necessary to take measures to prevent steel fine
Dimension exposure uses not corrosion fiber.
Compared with steel construction, the advantage of UHPC structures is high-durability and does not almost have maintenance cost, and is easily reached
Building Fire Protection requirement.Compared with traditional reinforced concrete structure, UHPC structural life-times can be significantly improved.According to theory analysis,
Existing exposure test and Practical Project assay, it is contemplated that UHPC structural life-times, in corrosivity natural environment（Such as ocean
Environment）Can be more than more than 200 years；In non-corrosive environment（Such as urban architecture）Can reach 1000.Relatively conservative Japan
Guide is thought, under the conditions of normal use environment, the design working life of UHPC structures is 100 years.Carbonization, steel in durability
Fiber and steel bar corrosion, Frozen-thawed cycled, sulfate attack and alkali-aggregate reaction belong to inspection-free project, but chemical attack and resistance to again
Fiery performance is the project for needing inspection.
Use Binder Materials CI bi（binder intensity ）With concentration of carbon index ci（CO2 intensity
）The Eco-efficiency indicators of two cement applications are evaluated, and UHPC belongs to the coagulation that peak efficiency uses Binder Materials or cement
Soil, while being also the concrete material of most low-carbon (LC).Compared by the calculating of concrete engineering structure, can be with the section of quantitative analysis UHPC
Material, energy-conservation and emission reduction effect.For example, contrasting typical girder steel-reinforced concrete bridge deck plate composite construction highway bridge with UHPC
The beam slab one highway bridge of type beam（The material of two bridges is different from structure, and length, width are identical with function）, quantitative analysis
Show：UHPC bridge section materials volume is 24%, and section material weight is 35%；Energy-conservation 54%；Reduce and directly discharge CO2And global warming potential
GWP（Equivalent CO2Discharge）Respectively reach 59% and 44%.
The application of UHPC, makes a general survey of research, development and the application of UHPC in the world, and leading country differs from one another, and brief introduction is such as
Under：The research of Denmark most has novelty, more applies now in wind-power tower connection, light and handy building structure attractive in appearance, such as
Balcony, stair, curtain wall, building heat preservation system etc.；The research scale of France is big, it is more to participate in unit, shows UHPC's to the world
Value, leads the development in many-sided application, such as bridge, building structure and curtain wall, structure connection, Long Life Pavement, wherein
The Ductal products of Lafarge are in world wide popularization and application；The research of Germany is very fast to use from microcosmic exhaustive to macroscopic view
In manufacturing multiple product, such as drilled pile drill bit（Substitute cast steel）, lathe base, building vertical column etc.；America ＆ Canada
Study to compare and be absorbed in bridge and related practical technique, developed various UHPC highway bridges and floorings system, UHPC has been opened
Beginning is increasingly being used for floorings connection and quick bridge construction or bridge maintaining；The research of Switzerland with apply concrete structure tie up
Repair reinforcing aspect leading, turn into a kind of best approach with UHPC maintenance and reinforcements highway bridge and obtain more application；Japan
Treat UHPC as " 21 century engineering material ", carry out and relatively study comprehensively and application practice, realize in Tokyo Haneda Airport
The application of new maritime runway heavy construction；South Korea is studied in terms of bridge and application system is goed deep into, and ratio is formed within a short period of time
More complete design and production and construction application technology file（Standard criterion）；The cable duct of the application mainly high-speed railway of China
Cover plate（RPC cover plates）；Etc..
The value and potentiality of UHPC
From birth to today, UHPC has gone through the development of 35 years.From mono- commercially produced product of initial Densit, development
There are numerous product lines such as RPC, BSI, Ductal, CEMTEC, BCV.Nowadays, UHPC has taken off Mysterious Veil,
Develop into the engineering material of new generation for easily preparing production and practical application.UHPC application studies are in the ascendant, so far
Beam is pulled in the application such as rod structure, thin-walled shell structure, maintenance and reinforcement, function or decoration element, it has been shown that firm, durable,
The superiority such as attractive in appearance, section material, low-carbon (LC), low-maintenance cost, revolutionize the looks of concrete structure or steel construction.The valency of UHPC
Value is embodied in potentiality：Superhigh intensity and toughness, impossible or Novel light high-strength structure before can building；Durability is big
The structural timber of amplitude beyond tradition, makes UHPC structures have overlength working life and low-maintenance maintenance cost, is compared
The low life cycle cost of traditional structure（LCC, Life Cycle Cost）；The performance advantage of UHPC is given full play to, in some fields
Close application, it is possible to reduce the comprehensive construction cost of structure or engineering；Using the structure that UHPC builds, with significant section material,
Energy-conservation and emission reduction effect, are conducive to sustainable development.
Research application so far shows that UHPC substitutes cast steel, cast iron and stainless steel and manufactures high-strength, corrosion resistant product
Or structure, being most can effectively using one of UHPC performances and the application field for fully demonstrating UHPC values.
The implementation of prior art
Manhole cover is made up of well lid and well seat, frequently be rolled and be impacted by motor vehicles using meeting on road, because
This manhole cover needs structural strength and shock resistance higher；Manhole cover damage or loss, can serious harm pedestrian, non-maneuver
With the safety of motor vehicles, it is therefore desirable to which well lid is durable and antitheft.Additionally, well lid needs very stably to be placed on well seat,
Bounce and noise are produced when preventing people, garage from walking on well lid.
Manhole cover is divided into manhole by specification（People will enter）With non-manhole（It is unmanned to enter）Two kinds.Inhuman hole gauge
Lattice size does not make to specify that manhole specification presses the net perforate of well seat（CO, Clear Opening）Be divided into 600mm, 700mm,
800mm and the classes of 900mm tetra-, the manhole cover of most common of which is CO=600mm and 700mm.Additionally, standard is also embedded in well lid
Gradient, well seat supports face width of depth and lateral margin etc. have made regulation, and well lid design needs to meet corresponding requirements.Well lid shape
It is up to circular, other using it is more be square and rectangle.
The material predominantly cast iron that manhole cover is used is made at present（Spheroidal graphite cast-iron and grey cast-iron）, steel fiber reinforced concrete
And polymer matrix composite.Also consideration or invention UHPC make well lid, the patent found is as follows（These patents make
It is RPC titles with " RPC "）：
CN2755183 " manhole lid with concrete active powder "：The well lid is by round platform, the endless belt of round platform outer, round platform bottom
It is provided with integrally formed fish-bellied type ball-crown body between center of circle position and round platform Outer annular strip to constitute, positioned at round platform bottom center of circle position
Fish-bellied type ball-crown body be the maximum gauge of well lid, and thickness-tapered shape gradually made to round platform outer endless belt with curved set
Put；Individual layer reinforcing bar network framework is provided with the fish-bellied type ball-crown body of well lid.
CN202672190U " a kind of manhole cover "（Utility model, effectively）：Well lid includes steel side, stirrup, reactive powder
Concrete structure.It is characterized in that：Intersect in cylinder steel side and be provided with stirrup；RPC is filled with the housing of steel side
Structure.
CN203034488U " a kind of well lid "（Utility model, effectively）：The well lid is plate-like, by RPC
It is made, to mitigate the weight and proof strength of the well lid, fin is provided with its bottom surface, be also provided with through hole, is beneficial to out
Open, while well lid intensity is ensured, can significantly save material, with light and handy slim design feature.
Above three utility model patent considers and utilizes UHPC（RPC）Intensity, but with the present invention in mentality of designing
Differed in the upper or theory of materials'use, therefore the manhole cover structure for obtaining is entirely different.The present invention is by analyzing well lid most
Unfavorable static loaded state, by the thinking for most giving full play to UHPC and reinforced steel bar strength, reducing material usage and weight as far as possible,
Establish manhole cover structure optimization design（It is adapted to different brackets design optimization）Complete method, resulting lightweight, nodal wood type well
Lid structure is different from the structure that CN2755183 is conceived, and the methods for mitigating well lid weight with CN203034488U also differ
Sample.
The manhole cover for using earliest, makes well lid, because timber measurement stability is poor using timber（The wet drying shrinkage amplitude that rises
Greatly）And bearing capacity is low, short life, has not used now.Traditional manhole cover is cast iron quality, including grey cast-iron
And spheroidal graphite cast-iron.Grey cast-iron intensity is relatively low, fragility is larger, and the manhole cover of making is heavier, and usage amount is being gradually decreased.Ball
Black cast iron intensity and toughness are higher, can produce the best manhole cover of mechanical property, be used for most of C250 and
The manhole cover of D400 grades.The subject matter that cast iron class manhole cover is faced is to lose, and therefore usually triggers serious friendship
Interpreter's event.Although taking many kinds of measures antitheft now, manhole antitheft lock, door chain, antitheft hinge or hidden well lid are such as installed
Deng, but cannot fundamentally prevent casting iron well lid loss problem.
Another method for avoiding well lid stolen is the material for using recovery value little --- steel fiber reinforced concrete and poly-
Compound based composites make well lid.Although can be effectively antitheft, the manhole cover that this two classes material makes, lacking in performance
Point is also clearly.Steel fiber reinforced concrete（SFRC）Although Toughness Ratio normal concrete increases, but still be unable to undergo collision,
Impact, corner is easily damaged；Also SFRC well lids set stirrup at edge to protect corner, but stirrup is very easy to corrosion, well
The same deterioration of lid is very fast.Additionally, the insufficient strength of SFRC is high, it is necessary to larger thickness can be only achieved the carrying energy of C250 class requirements
Power, well lid weight is very big.Polymer matrix or polymer matrix composites, particularly fiberglass（Galss fiber reinforced resin）Class material
Material, can reach tension very high, bending strength, produce the light manhole cover of comparing, but weather-proof or loss of properties on aging,
Bearing capacity decays with the aging of polymer or resin.Due to there are these shortcomings, this two classes material is only limitted to make C250
With the manhole cover of level below.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of lightweight ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, the well lid very-high performance coagulation
Soil material strength and toughness and reinforced steel bar strength can be effectively played and make full use of so that obtain rationally, lightweight, comprehensively
The ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure of function admirable.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, well lid and the well seat of the manhole cover
It is made with reinforcing bar using ultra-high performance concrete, well lid is used containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibres respectively with well seat
Ultra-high performance concrete one-time-concreting is molded；The round manhole cover structure that well lid upper surface is plane, lower surface is curved surface, strengthens steel
Muscle is located at well lid bottom, parallel with lower surface curved surface, well lid lower surface curved surface to be shaped as round manhole cover center most thick；To edge
It is gradually thinning；Gradually increase thickness again close to well lid edge support surfaces.Well seat size is adapted with well lid, and structure type is divided into directly
Hold formula design or adjustable structure design.
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, its production method step is：
1）The mould of well lid and well seat is made respectively；2）Steel bar meter, shearing, bending are welded with framework of steel reinforcement；3）
The fibrous ultra-high performance concrete mix of mixing；4）Framework of steel reinforcement is laid in mould, UHPC mixs are poured, is molded respectively
Well lid and well seat；5）Normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining is to reaching demoulding strength；6）The demoulding；7）Well lid and well seat are 80 ~ 100oC steam or water
Middle thermal curing；8）Product inspection, stack or dispatch from the factory.
The advantage of the invention is that：With ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure design and optimization method of the invention, surpass
High-performance concrete material strength and toughness and reinforced steel bar strength can be effectively played and make full use of, so as to be closed
The excellent ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover structure of reason, lightweight, all round properties.Ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover is solved well
The problems such as damaged, durability, all round properties is significantly better than high strength steel fiber reinforced concrete and polymer matrix composite inspection shaft
Lid.Compared with castiron well cover, ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover is manufactured, carbon dioxide row can be effectively reduced
Put, the life cycle cost of energy consumption and manhole cover, social benefit is notable.The very-high performance designed and produced with the present invention is mixed
Solidifying soil manhole cover（Well lid and well seat）, mechanical property（Bearing capacity/weight ratio and toughness）Spheroidal graphite cast-iron inspection can be reached
The level of well lid, and requirement of the standard to C250 and D400 grades, the characteristic such as durability, antitheft, antiskid is then comprehensively better than casting
Iron manhole cover, it is contemplated that be the optimal manhole cover of all round properties, wide market.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the well lid least favorable static state loaded state and well lid of a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the invention
The initial flat panel well lid generalized section of structural design optimization
Fig. 2 is a kind of manhole cover structure generalized section of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of direct bearing type well holder structure generalized section of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of self-adjustable well holder structure generalized section of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the invention；
Fig. 5 is that a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover of the invention combines schematic diagram with well seat.
In figure：
1- well lids；2- wells seat；3- ultra-high performance concretes；4- reinforcing bars；It is bent that 5- carries out the well lid lower surface after structure optimization
Face；6- carries out the well lid following table facial plane before structure optimization；7- reinforcing bars enhancing ultra-high performance concrete layer（HRUHPC）.
Specific embodiment
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, well lid 1 and the well seat 2 of the manhole cover use ultra-high performance concrete
3 are made with reinforcing bar 4, and well lid is molded with containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibres one-time-concreting respectively with well seat；Well lid 1
The round manhole cover structure that upper surface is plane, lower surface is curved surface 5, reinforcing steel bar 4 is located at well lid bottom, flat with lower surface curved surface
OK.The shape of well lid lower surface curved surface 5 is to optimize acquisition according to well lid least favorable static state loaded state and by minimum weight；It is circular
Well lid center is most thick, gradually thinning to edge, and thickness is gradually increased again close to well lid edge support surfaces, to meet the well lid of requirement
Insert depth.
Well seat size is adapted with well lid, and structure type is divided into direct bearing type design（Well seat loading end is located at bottom）With it is adjustable
Formula structure design（Well seat loading end is located at top outer rim）.
A kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, its production method is with processing step：1）Well lid is made respectively
With the mould of well seat；2）Steel bar meter, shearing, bending are welded with framework of steel reinforcement；3）Mixing UHPC mixs（Fibre-bearing）；
4）Framework of steel reinforcement is laid in mould, UHPC mixs are poured, well lid and well seat are molded respectively；5）Normal temperature moisture-keeping maintaining is de- to reaching
Mould intensity；6）The demoulding；7）Well lid and well seat are 80 ~ 100oThermal curing in C steam or water；8）Product inspection, stack or dispatch from the factory.
Design and optimization of the present invention and the UHPC manhole covers for making（Well lid and well seat）Basic principle：Meeting C250
On the premise of D400 grade bearing capacitys, by using material is minimum, the most light optimization design of weight, well seat is constructed by meeting well lid
It is required that design.Well lid is lightweight, is easy to staff to open.
1）Design and produce the basic mechanical performance that manhole cover UHPC materials need to reach
The compression strength of UHPC matrix materials is general in 150 ~ 250MPa.Using Stainless-steel fibre, the list of UHPC can be made
Axle tensile strength reaches 10 ~ 30MPa, depending on UHPC matrix strengths, steel fibre volume volume, steel fiber size and shape.Adopt
With the enhanced UHPC of reinforcing bar（Ratio of reinforcement UHPC, abbreviation HRUHPC i.e. high）, bending and tensile strength can reach 100 ~ 400MPa,
It is decided by the ratio of reinforcement and reinforced steel bar strength.
Make lightweight manhole cover, suitable use intensity and toughness UHPC higher, and high-strength HRUHPC.The present invention considers
The UHPC materials for using：, in 20 ~ 30MPa scopes, the bending and tensile strength of HRUHPC is in 100 ~ 150MPa models for uniaxial tension test
Enclose.In well lid design optimization example, benchmark UHPC uniaxial tension tests use σUHPC=25MPa（Straight micro- steel fibre volume contains
Amount about 6%）；HRUHPC tensile strength sigmasHRUHPC=120MPa, uses common or high strength cast iron, well lid tensile region（HRUHPC layers）
Reinforcement ratio per unit volume 8 ~ 20%.
2）UHPC manhole cover structure design and optimizations
Manhole cover standard GB/T 23858, GB 26537 and EN 124 tests the basic phase of method of well lid bearing capacity
Together.For C250 and D400 grade manhole covers, failing load（P）To exceed 250kN and 400kN respectively.The bearing capacity is surveyed
The load mode of examination（Fig. 1）, it is also possible to regard the worst stress of well lid as, as the stress that manhole cover structure optimizes.
The optimization method of manhole cover structure：The bottom of UHPC well lids is tensile region, therefore by steel-bar arrangement in well lid bottom, setting
Protective layer thickness c（=5~10mm）.In order to avoid stress concentration, do not consider to set ribs in well lid bottom.By well lid initial shape
State（Without optimization）It is provided in round flat board（Fig. 1）, bottom is set as HRUHPC layers, and thickness is bar diameter（Φ）Plus,
Under each c thickness（HRUHPC thickness degree=Φ+2c, i.e., symmetrical HRUHPC layers centered on steel bar layer）, thickness degree holding is not
Become, curvature allows to change in optimization process, the maximum tension stress allowed in layer is σHRUHPC；Top is UHPC layers, and upper surface is solid
Fixed, thickness can optimize changes, it is allowed to maximum tension stress be σUHPC.Using finite element analysis, the UHPC thickness degree of round manhole cover
It is optimised, eventually form the optimization structure of Fig. 2.
Citing：Manhole cover structure Optimization Steps and implementation, by taking conventional circle D400 grades, CO=600mm manhole covers as an example：
Setting thickness of protection tier c=10mm, using Φ 10mm reinforcing bars, then HRUHPC thickness degree=Φ+2c=30mm；Root
Required according to standard GB/T 23858 or EN 124, supporting surface width design be 25mm, insert depth 50mm, edge taper 10%, this
The basal diameter of the initial disk of sample well lid is 650mm, top surface diameter 660mm（650+2x50x10%）；Well lid support section is well
Lid detailing requiments, size and dimension immobilizes；The permission maximum tension stress for setting UHPC layers of well lid top is σUHPC=25MPa,
Bottom surface URUHPC layers of permission maximum tension stress is σHRUHPC=120MPa；Well lid loaded state is upper surface center Φ 250mm circles
Shape region well-distributed pressure is P=8.15MPa, the support of lower surface peripheral annual face（Fig. 1）.
Because being circular symmetric structure, using two-dimensional FE analysis；In the case where above-mentioned condition is met with commercialization finite element
Software is calculated and optimization manhole cover structure, finally gives the optimization manhole cover structure of Fig. 2（It is most light with minimum amount, weight）.Optimization
Afterwards, the UHPC well lids of the D400 grades, CO=600mm, about 16 liters of volume, weight about 50kg, weight and same type spheroidal graphite cast-iron well
Lid is essentially identical.
3）UHPC wells holder structure is designed
Well seat is same using the enhanced UHPC of reinforcing bar, and quantity of reinforcement is to meet structure shearing resistance requirement with the target at arrangement of reinforcement position.
The detailing requiments that the main consideration well lid of well holder structure design is installed and well seat is installed, and the need for setting installation locking device.
Fig. 3 is direct bearing type structure UHPC wells seat, and well seat loading end is located at bottom.Fig. 4 is self-adjustable structure UHPC wells seat, well seat loading end
Positioned at top outer rim.Both types well seat is same with the function phase of corresponding spheroidal graphite cast-iron well seat, but UHPC is cement-based material,
UHPC wells seat is more preferable with the compatibility or compatibility of periphery material particularly pavement asphalt concrete.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover, it is characterised in that：The well lid of the manhole cover（1）With well seat（2）Using
Ultra-high performance concrete（3）With reinforcing bar（4）It is made, well lid is with well seat respectively with containing steel fibre, polymer fiber or mineral fibres
Ultra-high performance concrete one-time-concreting shaping；Well lid（1）Upper surface is plane, lower surface is curved surface（5）Round manhole cover knot
Structure, reinforcing bar（4）Well lid bottom is located at, it is parallel with lower surface curved surface；Well lid lower surface curved surface（5）Be shaped as round manhole cover center
It is most thick, it is gradually thinning to edge, gradually increase thickness again close to well lid edge support surfaces.
2. ultra-high performance concrete manhole cover according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Well seat size is mutually fitted with well lid
Match somebody with somebody, structure type is divided into direct bearing type design or adjustable structure design.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105544615A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛工学院 | Novel concrete super-thick ball arch well lid |
| CN105563614A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-05-11 | 苏州市兴邦化学建材有限公司 | Production process of surface-bright profile steel fiber concrete inspection well cover |
| CN110737999A (en) * | 2019-10-06 | 2020-01-31 | 武汉市粤恒顺市政道路设施有限公司 | Nodular cast iron inspection well cover optimization design method |
| CN111809908A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-23 | 广东省建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司 | Concrete column reinforcing structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113917120A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 同济大学 | Method for testing stacking rate of rubbles by using drainage method and regulation and control method |
| CN114351768B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-10-28 | 金中天建设集团有限公司 | High-load adjustable anti-settling intelligent well lid and construction method thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10122646A1 (en) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-12-12 | Uponor Anger Gmbh | Universal cover support frame for manhole covers has collar with bearing ring, support part, and cover holder |
| CN2755183Y (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-02-01 | 深圳大学 | Manhole lid with concrete active powder |
| CN2806570Y (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-08-16 | 贺恒志 | Novel high strength composite manhole cover |
| CN2835357Y (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2006-11-08 | 徐水县华光市政建材有限公司 | Steel-edged steel fiber concrete inspection well cover |
| DE202013011463U1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-01-22 | Meyer & John Technik Gmbh | Manhole cover and sales unit with such a manhole cover |
| CN205046586U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2016-02-24 | 江西贝融循环材料股份有限公司 | Ultra high performance concrete manhole cover |
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Address after: 335000 Jiangxi Province Economic and Technological Development Zone of Yingtan City, Yuehu District Bailu Xiang Shuang Feng Jie Applicant after: JIANGXI BEIRONG CIRCULAR MATERIALS Co.,Ltd. Address before: 335000 Jiangxi Province Economic and Technological Development Zone of Yingtan City, Yuehu District Bailu Xiang Shuang Feng Jie Applicant before: JIANGXI BEIRONG NEW BUILDING MATERIALS CO.,LTD. |
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