CN105062528B - A kind of pyrolysis of coal multi-production process and its device suitable for coal-powder boiler - Google Patents

A kind of pyrolysis of coal multi-production process and its device suitable for coal-powder boiler Download PDF

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CN105062528B
CN105062528B CN201510562463.1A CN201510562463A CN105062528B CN 105062528 B CN105062528 B CN 105062528B CN 201510562463 A CN201510562463 A CN 201510562463A CN 105062528 B CN105062528 B CN 105062528B
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coal
gas
pyrolysis
pipeline
flue gas
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CN105062528A (en
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王智化
周俊虎
刘建忠
刘茂省
周志军
张彦威
黄镇宇
孙振龙
杨卫娟
杨丽
岑可法
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Zhejiang Pyneo Technology Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang Pyneo Technology Co Ltd
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the multi-production process field of coal, it is desirable to provide a kind of pyrolysis of coal multi-production process and its device suitable for coal-powder boiler.The pyrolysis of coal multi-production process that this kind is applied to coal-powder boiler includes pyrolysis, gas separation, coal-char combustion, the gas purification of coal;The pyrolysis of coal multi-joint-production apparatus includes pyrolysis installation, gas fractionation unit, gas cleaning plant;The inside of pyrolysis installation is snake type pipe, and outside is closed drum ladle;Gas fractionation unit is used to be used as the pressure-swing absorption apparatus for separating oxygen and carbon dioxide from flue gas;Gas cleaning plant is used for being purified in raw coke oven gas.The present invention technique can be used to solve current coal-powder boiler coal resources directly burn, utilization rate is low, it is seriously polluted the problems such as, by the pyrolysis of coal, gasification, burning comprehensive utilization, coal resources utilization rate is improved, is effective solution one of China's using energy source and the important measures of problem of environmental pollution.

Description

A kind of pyrolysis of coal multi-production process and its device suitable for coal-powder boiler
Technical field
The present invention is the multi-production process field on coal, more particularly to a kind of pyrolysis of coal Poly-generation suitable for coal-powder boiler Technique and its device.
Background technology
The energy resource structure feature of China is rich coal, few gas, oil-poor, and there is a serious shortage in the supply and in short supply for natural gas and petroleum resources, and Coal in China 80% is based on the direct burning of single production process, and not only utilization ratio is extremely low but also seriously polluted, therefore seeks Seek a kind of clean and effective, while the coal resources comprehensive utilization mode that can solve natural gas problem in short supply is imperative.Coal it is many Co-production technology is that easy pyrolytic gasification in coal is partially converted into coal gas and tar, and coal gas is made up naturally of following process Gas, for industry, chemical industry and civilian, tar can use or carry out the fuel oil that high added value is produced in deep processing as fuel;Not Directly is burnt as boiler oil in the semicoke feeding burner hearth easily gasified, the steam of generation is used to generating electricity, heat supply etc., while by coal In sulphur, nitrogen be transferred in coal gas and handle, the flue gas pollutant produced by combustion process will be substantially reduced.The technology collection fires Burning, pyrolysis, gas purification, methanation, extraction of essential oil and flue gas pollutant emission-reducing process, in one, are that coal resources in China is integrated One of effective means utilized.Because the Poly-generation technology of coal is that multiple production technologies of coal joint is examined for a system Consider, coal resources utilization rate is improved from the angle of whole utilization efficiency, therefore can preferably solve the problems, such as energy and environment.
Current China mainly uses heat, electricity, the gas Poly-generation technology based on pyrolysis of coal, and the technology is mainly used in circulation Fluid bed, its main technological features are, by CFBB and pyrolysis oven combination, to utilize the circulation of CFBB Hot ash or semicoke the advantage is that the fuel tolerance of recirculating fluidized bed is wide, material energy as pyrolysis of coal, the thermal source of partial gasification Enough be sufficiently mixed, uniformity of temperature profile in bed, good reaction condition can be provided for the pyrolysis of coal.But recirculating fluidized bed conduct Pyrolysis reactor causes the heat loss of system very big, it is necessary to substantial amounts of fluidizing gas, and band in the pyrolysis gas of fluid bed Go out thing (such as fine ash) content more, add the complexity of afterbody cleaning system.
Boiler shape of the China using coal as fuel is main based on coal-powder boiler, and CFBB is still in development rank Section, quantity there is no joint Poly-generation efficiently to utilize related process far away from coal-powder boiler currently for large number of coal-powder boiler Research.Therefore at the time of environmental pollution instantly is increasingly serious, energy-saving and emission-reduction are extremely urgent, in the urgent need to find it is a kind of it is clean, The coal multi-production process of energy-conservation, to meet, China is large number of, be badly in need of the coal-powder boiler of transformation, finally realizes the high-efficient cleaning of coal resource It is clean to utilize.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome deficiency of the prior art to solve existing coal there is provided one kind directly to fire The pyrolysis of coal multi-production process and device suitable for coal-powder boiler for the problems such as burning the low effective utilization rate of energy brought, pollution weight. In order to solve the above technical problems, the solution of the present invention is:
A kind of pyrolysis of coal multi-production process suitable for coal-powder boiler is provided, includes pyrolysis, gas separation, the semicoke combustion of coal Burning, gas purification, the pyrolysis of coal multi-production process specifically include following step:
(1) coal dust come out from Pulverized Coal Bin is sent into pyrolysis installation by coal dust pipeline, passes through the heat between heating carrier Exchange, coal dust is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 700~900 DEG C, semicoke, raw coke oven gas are obtained after pyrolysis, and be used as heating carrier Flue gas after heat exchange;
(2) semicoke obtained in step (1) is sent into Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace by semicoke pipeline, main pipe rail to participate in burning;
The flue gas obtained in step (1) is sent into gas fractionation unit by flue gas pipeline, carbon dioxide, oxygen is separated into With remaining flue gas;The oxygen isolated sends into Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace by oxygen pipeline and participates in burning;The carbon dioxide isolated is made For fluidizing agent by carbon dioxide pipeline send into pyrolysis installation pulverized coal channel in, carbon dioxide can in pyrolysis installation with production Raw semicoke reacts at a temperature of 700~900 DEG C, reaction generation carbon monoxide, and carbon monoxide can be with volatilizing in coal dust Water reaction generation hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are as a part of raw coke oven gas after pyrolysis;The remaining flue gas isolated leads to again Cross remaining flue gas pipeline to mix with semicoke, feeding Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace participates in burning;
In Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace burning produce the temperature of high-temperature flue gas, Boiler Steam and lime-ash, and high-temperature flue gas 900~ Between 1100 DEG C, after high-temperature flue gas is drawn from Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace exhaust pass side, pyrolysis installation is sent into by high temperature flue gas pipeline In, for the heating carrier as pulverized coal pyrolysis in step (1);
(3) raw coke oven gas obtained in step (1) is drawn one and passes sequentially through raw coke oven gas house steward, fluidizing agent pipeline, entered Snake type pipe bottom is as fluidizing agent inside pyrolysis installation, and remaining raw coke oven gas sends into gas cleaning plant by raw coke oven gas house steward Purified, the raw coke oven gas after purification is used for the coal gas product for being processed into high added value.
In the present invention, in the step (2), the Boiler Steam of generation can be used to generating electricity, heat supply or refrigeration;The ash of generation Slag can be used for building resource, industrial chemicals and product, extract rare metal, production chemical fertilizer.
In the present invention, the coal gas product obtained in the step (3) can be as industrial chemicals, industrial gas or civil coal Gas.
Pyrolysis of coal multi-joint-production apparatus based on the pyrolysis of coal multi-production process, including the separation of pyrolysis installation, gas are provided Device, gas cleaning plant;
Described inside and outside two parts of pyrolysis installation difference;Inside (metal material is made) the snake type (thin-walled) of pyrolysis installation Pipe, snake type circular tube spiral arranges downwards (caliber and intercept are determined according to the specific size of pyrolysis installation), the top of snake type pipe Portion is connected by coal dust pipeline with Pulverized Coal Bin, and the top of snake type pipe is connected by raw coke oven gas house steward with gas cleaning plant, snake The bottom of type pipe is connected by carbon dioxide pipeline with gas fractionation unit, and the bottom of snake type pipe also passes through fluidizing agent pipe Road is connected with raw coke oven gas house steward, and the bottom of snake type pipe is connected by semicoke pipeline with main pipe rail;Wherein, one end of main pipe rail is Semicoke pipeline converges mouth with remaining flue gas pipeline, and the other end is connected with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace;
(size is true according to specific requirement for closed drum ladle for the outside (metal or temperature-resistant material are made) of pyrolysis installation It is fixed), the bottom of drum ladle is connected by high temperature flue gas pipeline with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace, and the top of drum ladle passes through flue gas pipeline Connected with gas fractionation unit;
The gas fractionation unit includes dedusting heat sink, dehydrating agent, adsorbing tower with molecular sieve, air-introduced machine, cooler, true Empty pump, for being used as the pressure-swing absorption apparatus for separating oxygen and carbon dioxide from flue gas;The dedusting heat sink For carrying out dedusting cooling to the heat smoke for entering gas fractionation unit;The air-introduced machine be used for carry out flue gas conveying (including will Cooler is transported to by the flue gas of dedusting heat sink);The cooler is used to drop by the flue gas of dedusting heat sink To normal temperature;The absorption affinity that the adsorbing tower with molecular sieve can be produced using molecular sieve to gas with various is different with adsorption rate, passes through Coordinate (regulation operation changes the pressure change in adsorption tower) with air-introduced machine, vavuum pump, through multi-stage absorption resolving, realizing will Oxygen, carbon dioxide are separated in the flue gas after cooling through subcooler;
Gas fractionation unit is connected by carbon dioxide pipeline, flue gas pipeline and pyrolysis installation respectively;Pass through remaining flue gas Pipeline converges with semicoke pipeline is connected to main pipe rail;Connected by oxygen pipeline with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace;
Each device feature in gas fractionation unit, those skilled in the art can be according to function of the present invention, to existing Technological means is used to realize correlation function, due to these contents and non-invention emphasis, therefore repeats no more.
The gas cleaning plant includes coal gas dust collector, cooling and conveying device, sour gas (H2S, HCH etc.) it is de- Except device, alkaline gas (NH3Class) removing means, tar class retracting device, phenol water treatment facilities and coal gas storage device, it is used for To being purified in raw coke oven gas;
Each device feature in gas cleaning plant, those skilled in the art can be according to function of the present invention, to existing Technological means is used to realize correlation function, due to these contents and non-invention emphasis, therefore repeats no more.
In the present invention, the coal dust pipeline is provided with regulating valve, enters pyrolysis installation for controlling coal dust from Pulverized Coal Bin Addition;The fluidizing agent pipeline is provided with regulating valve, for controlling fluidizing agent to enter pyrolysis installation internal duct Flow.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The coal resources that the technique of the present invention can be used to solve current coal-powder boiler directly burn, utilization rate is low, seriously polluted The problems such as, the pyrolysis of coal, gasification, burning are comprehensively utilized, coal resources utilization rate is improved, is effective solution China energy profit With one of important measures with problem of environmental pollution.
The device of the present invention is transformed on the basis of existing coal-powder boiler, economic and environment-friendly without scrapping existing equipment, Promotion prospect is had an optimistic view of.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall schematic of the invention.
Reference in figure is:1 pyrolysis installation;2 Pulverized Coal Bins;3 Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnaces;4 gas fractionation units;5 gases are net Makeup is put.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in figure 1, pyrolysis of coal multi-joint-production apparatus includes pyrolysis installation 1, gas fractionation unit 4, gas cleaning plant 5, The coal resources that can solve current coal-powder boiler directly burn, utilization rate is low, it is seriously polluted the problems such as.
1 point of the pyrolysis installation is inside and outside two parts, the snakelike thin-wall circular tube that inside is made for metal material, downward spiral Arrangement, caliber and intercept are determined according to the specific size of pyrolysis installation 1, it is ensured that fully heat exchange, inner wall smooth, it is ensured that coal dust is smooth Glide.Connected at the top of internal duct by coal dust pipeline with Pulverized Coal Bin 2, coal dust pipeline is provided with regulating valve, for controlling coal dust Enter the addition of pyrolysis installation 1 from Pulverized Coal Bin 2;Top is connected by raw coke oven gas house steward with gas cleaning plant 5;Bottom passes through Carbon dioxide pipeline is connected with gas fractionation unit 4, is connected by fluidizing agent pipeline with raw coke oven gas house steward;Bottom passes through semicoke Pipeline is connected with main pipe rail.Wherein, one end of main pipe rail is that semicoke pipeline and remaining flue gas pipeline converge mouth, the other end and coal Powder stove burner hearth 3 is connected.
The outside of pyrolysis installation 1 is the closed drum ladle that metal or temperature-resistant material are made, and size is determined according to specific requirement, Bottom is connected by high temperature flue gas pipeline with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 3, and top is connected by flue gas pipeline with gas fractionation unit 4.It is interior Portion's coal dust is moved downward in the presence of fluidizing agent along spiral pipeline in suspension eddy flow, with outside high temperature from bottom to top Flue gas formation adverse current, so as to realize countercurrent flow.
The gas fractionation unit 4 refers to the pressure-swing absorption apparatus for separating oxygen and carbon dioxide from flue gas, Specifically include dedusting heat sink, dehydrating agent, adsorbing tower with molecular sieve, air-introduced machine, cooler, vavuum pump etc., gas separation process It is as follows:Under the conveying of air-introduced machine, normal temperature is further dropped to through subcooler, is entered after dedusting heat sink for the flue gas of heat Enter adsorbing tower with molecular sieve, the absorption affinity produced using molecular sieve to gas with various is different with adsorption rate, passes through air inducing and vacuum The regulation operation of pump changes the pressure change in adsorption tower, through multi-stage absorption resolving, is finally recovered out the higher oxygen of purity Gas, carbon dioxide.Gas fractionation unit 4 is connected by carbon dioxide pipeline, flue gas pipeline and pyrolysis installation 1 respectively;By surplus Remaining flue gas pipeline converges with semicoke pipeline, is connected with main pipe rail;Connected by oxygen pipeline with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 3.
The gas cleaning plant 5 specifically refers to technique and its dress effectively removed to the multiple components in raw coke oven gas Put, specifically include coal gas dust collector, cooling and conveying device, sour gas (H2S, HCN etc.) removing means, alkaline gas (NH3Class) removing means, tar class retracting device, phenol water treatment facilities and coal gas storage device.
Utilize pyrolysis, gas separation, the semicoke combustion of the pyrolysis of coal multi-production process of pyrolysis of coal multi-joint-production apparatus, including coal Burning, gas purification, specifically include following step:
(1) coal dust come out from Pulverized Coal Bin is sent into pyrolysis installation 1 by coal dust pipeline, by between heating carrier Heat exchange, makes coal dust be pyrolyzed at a temperature of 700~900 DEG C, semicoke, raw coke oven gas is obtained after pyrolysis, and carry as heating Flue gas after body heat exchange;
(2) semicoke obtained in step (1) is connected by semicoke pipeline with main pipe rail;
(3) flue gas obtained in step (1), into gas fractionation unit 4, is separated into titanium dioxide by flue gas pipeline Carbon, oxygen and remaining flue gas;The oxygen isolated sends into Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 3 by oxygen pipeline and participates in burning;Two isolated Carbonoxide is sent into as fluidizing agent by carbon dioxide pipeline in the pulverized coal channel of pyrolysis installation 1, and carbon dioxide can be in pyrolysis Semicoke in device 1 with generation reacts at a temperature of 700~900 DEG C, reaction generation carbon monoxide, and carbon monoxide can be with coal dust In the water reaction generation hydrogen that volatilizes, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are as a part of raw coke oven gas after being pyrolyzed;That isolates is surplus Remaining flue gas is mixed by remaining flue gas pipeline with semicoke again, and feeding Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 3 participates in burning, the generation high-temperature flue gas that burns, Boiler Steam and lime-ash, and high-temperature flue gas temperature between 900~1100 DEG C;
After the high-temperature flue gas is drawn from the exhaust pass side of Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace 3, pass through high temperature flue gas pipeline feeding pyrolysis dress Put in 1, for the heating carrier as pulverized coal pyrolysis in step (1);
(4) raw coke oven gas obtained in step (1) is drawn to one and is used as fluidisation into the inside snake pipe bottom of pyrolysis installation 1 Medium, remaining raw coke oven gas is sent into gas cleaning plant 5 by raw coke oven gas house steward and purified, and the raw coke oven gas after purification is used to add Coal gas product of the work into high added value.
Finally it should be noted that listed above is only specific embodiment of the invention.It is clear that the invention is not restricted to Above example, can also there is many variations.One of ordinary skill in the art can directly lead from present disclosure All deformations for going out or associating, are considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of pyrolysis of coal multi-production process suitable for coal-powder boiler, including the pyrolysis of coal, gas separation, coal-char combustion, coal gas Purification, it is characterised in that the pyrolysis of coal multi-production process specifically includes following step:
(1) coal dust come out from Pulverized Coal Bin is sent into pyrolysis installation by coal dust pipeline, by the heat exchange between heating carrier, Coal dust is pyrolyzed at a temperature of 700~900 DEG C, semicoke, raw coke oven gas are obtained after pyrolysis, and be used as heating carrier heat exchange Flue gas afterwards;
(2) semicoke obtained in step (1) is sent into Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace by semicoke pipeline, main pipe rail to participate in burning;
The flue gas obtained in step (1) is sent into gas fractionation unit by flue gas pipeline, carbon dioxide, oxygen is separated into and remains Remaining flue gas;The oxygen isolated sends into Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace by oxygen pipeline and participates in burning;The carbon dioxide isolated is as stream Change medium by carbon dioxide pipeline send into pyrolysis installation pulverized coal channel in, carbon dioxide can in pyrolysis installation with generation Semicoke reacts at a temperature of 700~900 DEG C, reaction generation carbon monoxide, and carbon monoxide can be anti-with the water that is volatilized in coal dust Hydrogen should be generated, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are as a part of raw coke oven gas after pyrolysis;The remaining flue gas isolated is again by surplus Remaining flue gas pipeline is mixed with semicoke, and feeding Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace participates in burning;
Burning produces the temperature of high-temperature flue gas, Boiler Steam and lime-ash, and high-temperature flue gas at 900~1100 DEG C in Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace Between, after high-temperature flue gas is drawn from Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace exhaust pass side, sent into pyrolysis installation, be used for by high temperature flue gas pipeline It is used as the heating carrier of pulverized coal pyrolysis in step (1);The Boiler Steam of generation can be used to generating electricity, heat supply or refrigeration;The ash of generation Slag can be used for building resource, industrial chemicals and product, extract rare metal, production chemical fertilizer;
(3) raw coke oven gas obtained in step (1) is drawn one and passes sequentially through raw coke oven gas house steward, fluidizing agent pipeline, into pyrolysis Snake type pipe bottom is as fluidizing agent inside device, and remaining raw coke oven gas is sent into gas cleaning plant by raw coke oven gas house steward and carried out Purification, the raw coke oven gas after purification is used for the coal gas product for being processed into high added value, and coal gas product can be used as industrial chemicals, industry With gas or domestic gas.
2. the pyrolysis of coal multi-joint-production apparatus based on pyrolysis of coal multi-production process described in claim 1, it is characterised in that including pyrolysis Device, gas fractionation unit, gas cleaning plant;
Described inside and outside two parts of pyrolysis installation difference;The inside of pyrolysis installation is snake type pipe, and snake type circular tube spiral is arranged downwards, The top of snake type pipe is connected by coal dust pipeline with Pulverized Coal Bin, and the top of snake type pipe passes through raw coke oven gas house steward and gas purification Device is connected, and the bottom of snake type pipe is connected by carbon dioxide pipeline with gas fractionation unit, and the bottom of snake type pipe also leads to Cross fluidisation medium pipeline to connect with raw coke oven gas house steward, the bottom of snake type pipe is connected by semicoke pipeline with main pipe rail;Wherein, always One end of pipeline is that semicoke pipeline and remaining flue gas pipeline converge mouth, and the other end is connected with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace;
The outside of pyrolysis installation is closed drum ladle, and the bottom of drum ladle is connected by high temperature flue gas pipeline and Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace Logical, the top of drum ladle is connected by flue gas pipeline with gas fractionation unit;
The gas fractionation unit includes dedusting heat sink, dehydrating agent, adsorbing tower with molecular sieve, air-introduced machine, cooler, vacuum Pump, for being used as the pressure-swing absorption apparatus for separating oxygen and carbon dioxide from flue gas;The dedusting heat sink is used Dedusting cooling is carried out in the heat smoke to entering gas fractionation unit;The air-introduced machine is used to carry out flue gas conveying;The cooling Device is used to that normal temperature will to be dropped to by the flue gas of dedusting heat sink;The adsorbing tower with molecular sieve can be using molecular sieve to gas with various The absorption affinity of generation is different with adsorption rate, by coordinating with air-introduced machine, vavuum pump, and through multi-stage absorption resolving, realizing will Oxygen, carbon dioxide are separated in the flue gas after cooling through subcooler;
Gas fractionation unit is connected by carbon dioxide pipeline, flue gas pipeline and pyrolysis installation respectively;Pass through remaining flue gas pipeline Converge with semicoke pipeline and be connected to main pipe rail;Connected by oxygen pipeline with Pulverized Fuel Boiler Furnace;
The gas cleaning plant includes coal gas dust collector, cooling and conveying device, acid gas removal plants, alkaline gas Removing means, tar class retracting device, phenol water treatment facilities and coal gas storage device, for being purified in raw coke oven gas.
3. pyrolysis of coal multi-joint-production apparatus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the coal dust pipeline is provided with regulation Valve, for controlling coal dust to enter the addition of pyrolysis installation from Pulverized Coal Bin;The fluidizing agent pipeline is provided with regulating valve, is used for Fluidizing agent is controlled to enter the flow of pyrolysis installation internal duct.
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