CN105060247B - 一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动*** - Google Patents
一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,该重整制氢装置及启动***采用甲醇水作为原料,包括进液立管、火焰盘、上盖体及点火器,所述火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上;所述上盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔,甲醇水原料可从进液立管往上流向小孔,再从小孔中冒出,并沿着上盖体的上侧面,向四周散开,直至流入火焰盘;所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应。本发明点火成功率高、甲醇水燃烧面积和燃烧火焰大,能够迅速启动重整制氢装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甲醇水重整制氢设备技术领域,特别涉及一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***。
背景技术
氢,是一种21世纪最理想的能源之一,在燃烧相同重量的煤、汽油和氢气的情况下,氢气产生的能量最多,而且它燃烧的产物是水,没有灰渣和废气,不会污染环境;而煤和石油燃烧生成的主要是CO2和SO2,可分别产生温室效应和酸雨。煤和石油的储量是有限的,而氢主要存于水中,燃烧后唯一的产物也是水,可源源不断地产生氢气,永远不会用完。氢的分布很广泛,水就是氢的大“仓库”,其中含有11%的氢。泥土里约有1.5%的氢;石油、煤炭、天然气、动植物体内等都含有氢。氢的主体是以化合物水的形式存在的,而地球表面约70%为水所覆盖,储水量很大,因此可以说,氢是“取之不尽、用之不竭”的能源。如果能用合适的方法制取氢,那么氢也将是一种价格相当便宜的能源。
目前,利用甲醇水蒸气重整技术制取H2与CO2的混合气体,再经钯膜分离器分离,可分别得到H2和CO2。参照中国发明申请201310340475.0(申请人:上海合既得动氢机器有限公司),该专利公开了一种甲醇水制氢***,甲醇与水蒸气重整器的重整室内,在350-409℃温度下1-5M Pa的压力条件下通过催化剂,在催化剂的作用下,发生甲醇裂解反应和一氧化碳的变换反应,生成氢气和二氧化碳,这是一个多组份、多反应的气固催化反应***。反应方程如下:(1)CH3OH→CO+2H2;(2)H2O+CO→CO2+H2;(3)CH3OH+H2O→CO2+3H2,重整反应生成的H2和CO2,再经过分离室的钯膜分离器将H2和CO2分离,得到高纯氢气。
甲醇水的催化反应在甲醇水制氢设备的重整制氢装置中完成,重整制氢装置包括重整器壳体及位于重整制氢装置壳体内的燃烧室和重整室,一般地,重整室中需要350-409℃的温度,而燃烧室中需要405-570℃的温度,重整制氢装置才能正常工作。重整制氢装置的启动是通过启动装置完成的,在现有技术中,冷启动通常需要很长时间,一般在5小时以上,而热启动需要耗费大量能源,才能使重整室等装置处于高温状态。
有鉴于此,本创作者于2014年11月7日申请了一项发明专利CN201410621689.X,该发明专利公开了一种甲醇水制氢***的重整器,重整器一端安装有启动装置,该启动装置包括杯座,杯座上安装有原料输入管道、加热气化管道、点火装置及温度探测装置;所述原料输入管道与加热气化管道相连通,所述原料经原料输入管道进入加热气化管道后,从加热气化管道的末端输出;所述点火装置的位置与加热气化管道的末端相对应,用于对加热气化管道中输出的原料进行点火,所述原料经点火装置点火后燃烧,可对加热气化管道进行加热,使加热气化管道中的原料气化而迅速加大燃烧强度,进而为重整器加热度。该启动装置通常在5分钟内即可启动重整器(即重整制氢装置),无需使用到电加热装置。然而,该启动装置还存在以下缺陷:其一、点火装置点火成功率难以保障,由于甲醇水原料是从加热气化管道的末端输出,通常是以滴落的方式输出,滴落过程中,甲醇水经常接触不到点火装置而经常点火失败,需要重新点火;其二、由于杯座的直径较小,且杯座无法开设通风孔,使得启动装置的甲醇水燃烧面积小,火焰不够大;其三、加热气化管道中的甲醇水原料在流速较快的情况下,仍然难以气化,因而,只能向启动装置输送流速较低的甲醇水原料,进一步影响甲醇水原料燃烧强度,增加了重整器的启动时间。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术中的不足,提供一种点火成功率高、甲醇水燃烧面积和燃烧火焰大,能够迅速启动重整制氢装置的启动装置。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,该重整制氢装置及启动***采用甲醇水作为原料,包括进液立管、火焰盘、上盖体及点火器,所述火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上;所述上盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔,甲醇水原料可从进液立管往上流向小孔,再从小孔中冒出,并沿着上盖体的上侧面,向四周散开,直至流入火焰盘;所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应。
作为对本发明的进一步阐述:
所述火焰盘与上盖体之间还设有下盖体,所述下盖体安装于进液立管上,所述下盖体可防止火焰盘中的甲醇水原料向外溅射。
所述火焰盘的外周设置有均匀排布的若干通风孔,以便外界空气通过通风孔进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。进一步,所述火焰盘的通风孔为螺旋形的通风孔槽。
所述火焰盘的下方设有进风装置,所述进风装置包括进风通道和鼓风机,所述鼓风机将外界空气扇入进风通道后,再进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上;所述上盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔,甲醇水原料可从进液立管往上流向小孔,再从小孔中冒出,并沿着上盖体的上侧面,向四周散开,直至流入火焰盘,所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应,因此,一方面,相比于现有技术中点火器点燃滴落的甲醇水原料的点火方式,点燃在上盖体上散开的甲醇水原料要容易得多,因而使得点火器成功率高;另一方面,由于火焰盘通常的面积较大,火焰盘也容易开设通风孔,使得启动装置的甲醇水燃烧面积在,火焰也比较大;再一方面,点火成功之后,由于甲醇水原料是从小孔中冒出,并沿着上盖体的上侧面,向四周散开,直至流入火焰盘,因此,在甲醇水原料的整个流动过程中,均能燃烧放热,无需先通过加热气化管道进行气化,从而能向启动装置输送流速较高的甲醇水原料,大大提高了燃烧强度和重整制氢装置的启动时间。
附图说明
图1为甲醇水重整制氢发电机(移除了机体外壳)的立体结构示意图。
图2为甲醇水重整制氢发电机(移除了机体外壳)的分散结构示意图。
图3为甲醇水重整制氢发电机(移除了机体外壳)的正面结构示意图。
图4为甲醇水重整制氢发电机(移除了机体外壳)的后面结构示意图。
图5为甲醇水重整制氢发电机(移除了机体外壳)的顶面结构示意图。
图6为无线信号发送接收装置与移动控制装置的无线连接示意图。
图7为电控***与控气***的安装结构示意图。
图8为可充电电池与第一电源模块及第二电源模块的充放电示意图。
图9为制氢***、甲醇水进液***及换热***的立体结构示意图。
图10为甲醇水进液***的立体结构示意图。
图11为制氢***的正面结构示意图。
图12为制氢***的分散结构示意图。
图13为制氢***的底部结构示意图。
图14为沿图13中A-A线的剖视图。
图15为图14中A部分局部放大图。
图16为换热***的立体结构示意图。
图17为图16中沿B-B线的剖视图。
图18为启动***的正面结构示意图。
图19为图18中沿C-C线的剖视图。
图20为启动装置的顶部结构示意图。
图21为控气***的立体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的结构原理和工作原理作进一步详细说明。
本发明用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***应用于一种甲醇水重整制氢发电机。
如图1-图5所示,一种甲醇水重整制氢发电机,包括电控***、甲醇水进液***、制氢***及发电***,其中:
电控***,结合参考图6-图8,包括控制主板1、供电装置2及电力输出端口3,所述控制主板控制甲醇水进液***、制氢***及发电***工作;所述供电装置2包括可充电电池201,在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中,按下启动按钮11,该可充电电池201为甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电,具体地,可充电电池201主要为控制主板1、输送泵402、启动进液电磁阀403、制氢进液电磁阀405和启动装置6供电;在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动之后,该可充电电池201则停止为甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电,安全电磁阀102除外;所述电力输出端口3用于发电***向外输出电力;所述电力输出端口3包括电流传感器301、直流接触器302和航空接头303,所述电池传感器301与控制主板1电性连接,所述航空接头303向外输出48V直流电,当然,也可以依据需要,向外输出其他特定数值的直流电。
甲醇水进液***4,结合参考图9-图10,包括进液总管401、输送泵402、启动进液电磁阀403、启动进液分管404、制氢进液电磁阀405及制氢进液分管406;在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中,启动进液电磁阀403打开,制氢进液电磁阀405关闭,甲醇水原料依次经进液总管401、输送泵402、启动进液电磁阀403及启动进液分管404后,供应给制氢***的启动装置6;在甲醇水重整制氢发电机制氢过程中,制氢进液电磁阀405打开,启动进液电磁阀404关闭,甲醇水原料依次经进液总管401、输送泵402、制氢进液电磁阀405及制氢进液分管406后,供应给制氢***的重整制氢装置5;
制氢***,结合参考图9、图11-图15,包括重整制氢装置5及启动装置6,所述重整制氢装置5包括保温壳体504,在保温壳体504内设有重整室501、分离室502及燃烧室503,所述重整室501用于甲醇和水发生重整制氢反应制得以二氧化碳和氢气为主的混合气体,所述重整室501内设有催化剂,甲醇和水蒸汽在重整室501内,1-5M Pa的压力条件下通过催化剂,在催化剂的作用下,发生甲醇裂解反应和一氧化碳的变换反应,生成氢气和二氧化碳,这是一个多组份、多反应的气固催化反应***,反应方程为:(1)CH3OH→CO+2H2、(2)H2O+CO→CO2+H2 、(3)CH3OH+H2O→CO2+3H2,制得以二氧化碳和氢气为主的高温混合气体;所述分离室502用于从混合气体中分离出氢气,该氢气可向外输出或供应给燃料电池7,所述燃烧室503用于部分制得的氢气在燃烧室503中燃烧,为重整制氢装置5的运行提供热量;所述启动装置6用于甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中,通过燃料甲醇水原料为重整制氢装置5的启动过程提供热量;此外,在重整制氢装置5内,还设有加热汽化盘管505,甲醇和水原料在进入重整室501之前,先通过加热汽化盘管505进行汽化处理;
发电***,包括燃料电池7,其用于氢气及空气中的氧气发生电化学反应产生电能,在燃料电池7的阳极:2H2→4H++4e-,H2***成两个质子和两个电子,质子穿过质子交换膜(PEM),电子通过阳极板,通过外部负载,并进入阴极双极板,在燃料电池7的阴极:O2+4e-+4H+→2H2O,质子、电子和O2重新结合以形成H2O;产生的电能通过所述电力输出端口6输出,产生的电能还用于可充电电池201充电。所述燃料电池的一侧设有两个风机701,另一侧设有空气过滤网702,在两个风机701的驱动下,外界空气从空气过滤网702进入燃料电池内部,随后再从两个风机701处排出。外界空气在进入燃料电池7的过程中,一方面为燃料电池7降温,另一方面,为燃料电池7的电化学反应提供氧气。
如图1-图7所示,所述电控***还设有无线信号发送接收装置8,该无线信号发送接收装置8包括信号转换器801和天线802,该天线802安装于信号转换器801上,该信号转换器801与控制主板1电性连接。进一步,还包括移动控制装置804,该移动控制装置804与无线信号发送接收装置8通过WIFI方式达成无线连接,所述移动控制装置804设有显示数据参数的显示模块和设置甲醇水重整制氢发电机工作程序的控制模块。所述移动控制装置804优选为智能手机或平板电脑。通过设置无线信号发送接收装置8,使甲醇水重整制氢发电机能通过外部移动控制装置804进行无线设置和监控。
如图1-图3、图8所示,所述供电装置2还包括第一电源模块202和第二电源模块203,在甲醇水重整制氢发电机启动过程中,所述可充电电池201通过第一电源模块202为甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电;在甲醇水重整制氢发电机制氢及发电过程中,所述发电***通过第二电源模块203对可充电电池201充电,充满电后自动停止充电。所述可充电电池201优选为锂离子电池。通过设置供电装置2,实现了启动过程中,不需要外接电源供电,通过可充电电池即可为甲醇水重整制氢发电机自身供电,等燃料电池工作后,再反过来为可充电电池充电,为下一次开机启动做好准备。
如图16-图17所示,所述甲醇水重整制氢发电机还包括换热***9,该换热***9包括同轴心的双层换热管901、常温液体入口902、高温液体出口903、高温气体入口904及低温气体出口905;所述双层换热管901的内层管道为气体管道9011,外层管道为液体管道9012;在双层换热管901的一端,气体管道9011与高温气体入口904相连通,液体管道9012与高温液体出口904相连通;在双层换热管901的另一端,气体管道9011与低温气体出口905相连通,液体管道9012与常温液体入口902相连通;在甲醇水重整制氢发电机制氢过程中,所述制氢进液分管406中的甲醇水原料从常温液体入口902进入液体管道9012,所述制氢***制得的氢气从高温气体入口904进入气体管道9011,液体管道9012中的甲醇水原料与气体管道9011中的氢气进行换热,甲醇水原料温度升高,从高温液体出口903输出至重整制氢装置5,氢气温度降低,从低温气体出口905向外输出或输出至燃料电池7。通过设置换热***,使氢气在进入燃料电池7之前能降温至较低的温度,不会对燃料电池7造成损害,与此同时,进入重整制氢装置5的甲醇水原料在换热器中得到加热,从而降低重整制氢装置5内的燃烧加热强度,大幅提高了甲醇水原料的利用效率。
如图12、图14、图15、图18-图20所示,所述制氢***的启动装置6包括进液立管601、火焰盘602、上盖体603及点火器604,所述火焰盘602及上盖体603从下至上设置于立管601上;所述上盖体603中部开有与立管601相连通的小孔6031,甲醇水原料可从进液立管601往上流向小孔6031,再从小孔6031中冒出,并沿着上盖体603的上侧面,向四周散开,直至流入火焰盘602;所述点火器604的点火位置与上盖体603的上侧面相对应。进一步,所述火焰盘602与上盖体603之间还设有下盖体605,该下盖体605可防止火焰盘602中的甲醇水原料向外溅射。所述火焰盘602的外周设置有若干通风孔6021,以便外界空气通过通风孔6021进入火焰盘602及重整制氢装置5内的燃烧室503,优选地,所述火焰盘602的通风孔6021为螺旋形的通风孔槽6021,这样能加大火焰燃烧强度,使火焰呈螺旋状上升,且螺旋式火焰更均匀,无噪音。由于启动装置6采用了火焰盘602和上盖体603组合的结合,甲醇水原料能在上盖体603上侧向四周散开,点火之后,甲醇水原料能够在上盖体603上侧迅速地大面积燃烧,而未燃烧的甲醇水原料则掉入火焰盘602中进一步迅速大面积燃烧,从而通过上盖体603和火焰盘602的配合,迅速提供重整制氢装置所需要的启动热量,使制氢***启动速度非常快,通常在3分钟之内即可启动。
如图1、图9、图11-图14所示,所述火焰盘602的正方设有进风装置12,该进风装置12包括进风通道121和鼓风机122,鼓风机122将外界空气扇入进风通道121后,再进入火焰盘602及重整制氢装置5内的燃烧室503。
如图2、图7、图21所示,所述甲醇水重整制氢发电机还包括控气***10,所述控气***10设置于向燃料电池7输送氢气的输送管道上;所述控气***10包括安全控气管101、安全电磁阀102及安全气压传感器103,所述安全电磁阀102及安全气压传感器103安装于安全控气管101上;所述安全控气管101具有与安全电磁阀102相配合的泄气孔,氢气在通过安全控气管101过程中,若安全气压传感器103感应到氢气气压高于警戒气压,则控制安全电磁阀102打开泄气孔,向外排出氢气,此时,控制主板1控制报警器(图中未示出)报警;该安全电磁阀102由可充电电池201供电,这样能保证在任何时候下安全电磁阀102均有电供应。当***排出问题后,安全电磁阀102可重新关闭安全控气管101上的泄气孔。由于设置了控气***10,从而避免了***异常造成的氢气气压过高而破坏燃料电池7等设备的问题。进一步,所述控气***10还包括基本电磁阀104及基本气压传感器105,所述基本电磁阀104用于正常状态下的打开和关闭氢气输送通道,所述基本气压传感器105用于感应正常状态下的氢气压力。
以上所述,仅是本发明较佳实施方式,凡是依据本发明的技术方案对以上的实施方式所作的任何细微修改、等同变化与修饰,均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,该重整制氢装置及启动***采用甲醇水作为原料,其特征在于:包括进液立管、火焰盘、上盖体及点火器,所述火焰盘及上盖体从下至上设置于进液立管上;所述上盖体中部开有与进液立管相连通的小孔,甲醇水原料可从进液立管往上流向小孔,再从小孔中冒出,并沿着上盖体的上侧面,向四周散开,直至流入火焰盘;所述点火器的点火位置与上盖体的上侧面相对应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,其特征在于:所述火焰盘与上盖体之间还设有下盖体,所述下盖体安装于进液立管上,所述下盖体可防止火焰盘中的甲醇水原料向外溅射。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,其特征在于:所述火焰盘的外周设置有均匀排布的若干通风孔,以便外界空气通过通风孔进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,其特征在于:所述火焰盘的通风孔为螺旋形的通风孔槽。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的用于启动重整制氢装置的启动***,其特征在于:所述火焰盘的下方设有进风装置,所述进风装置包括进风通道和鼓风机,所述鼓风机将外界空气扇入进风通道后,再进入火焰盘及重整制氢装置内。
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CN105060247A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
CA2958506C (en) | 2019-07-02 |
CA2958506A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
WO2017020655A1 (zh) | 2017-02-09 |
US10105676B2 (en) | 2018-10-23 |
US20170173554A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
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