CN105048899A - Miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
Miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor. A control circuit controls the current of an input winding according to a terminal voltage of a winding when power supply voltage and current are zero, and the miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises the following steps of: a) positioning a rotor; b) inputting a first current pulse opposite to a positioning current into the winding from a first delay when the power supply voltage passes through a zero crossing point; c) inputting a current pulse in the same direction of the first current pulse into the winding when the polarity of the terminal voltage is the same as that of the power supply voltage if an absolute value of the terminal voltage is increased within a stipulated upper-lower limit range; or inputting a second current pulse which is opposite to the first current pulse and delayed with a third zero crossing point of the power supply voltage into the winding when the absolute value of a terminal voltage characteristic value is greater than the stipulation and time difference between a first zero crossing point and the third zero crossing point of the power supply is smaller than the stipulation; or repeating a) to c), increasing the first delay if the absolute value is greater than the stipulation and the first zero crossing point is ahead of the third zero crossing point of the power supply, or shortening the first delay if not. With the adoption of the design, the application of an individual rotor position detection element is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, particularly relate to Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, in International Patent Classification (IPC), classification can belong to H02P6/18.
Background technology
Electronic Control directional-rotation single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor sees the authorized earlier application CN201110100111.6 of the applicant.This motor than product progress before, but needs to arrange independent rotor-position detecting element.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: propose a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, can still have preferably performance, thus reducing costs without the need to arranging independent rotor-position detecting element.
1st technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is a kind of miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, comprising:
---the stator of same number of poles and p-m rotor; Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower circumferencial direction along setting, and thus in a free state, rotor each pole axis line is with the axis of hithermost stator one pole for reference, and the circumferencial direction along setting deflects a sharp angle;
---switch; The winding of described stator have regulation around to, be access to AC power through this switch;
---control circuit; Comprise testing circuit and by this electric circuit inspection to signal drive described switch to control the plug-in that described AC power inputs the electric current of described winding; Described detection comprises the feature detecting described AC supply voltage;
It is characterized in that:
---described detection also comprises the terminal voltage detecting described winding when described electric current is zero with this electric current;
---described plug-in also comprises the steps:
A) rotor is made to be in assigned position; Rotor when this position, sharp angle described in magnetic field axis when rotor permanent magnet field axis passes into certain directional current along the advanced stator winding of described circumferencial direction;
B) drive described switch, make the 1st current impulse input described winding; This current impulse from the 1st regulation time delay of described AC supply voltage one zero crossing, and its direction and step a) described in the sense of current contrary;
C) once the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to zero, described terminal voltage and AC supply voltage is checked immediately, if meet following situation:
---the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to the initial moment after zero, and described terminal voltage absolute value is greater than regulation lower limit and is less than set upper limit;
---described terminal voltage absolute value is in increase;
---described terminal voltage polarity is identical with the polarity of described AC supply voltage;
Connect described switch immediately, make the current impulse identical with described terminal voltage polarity (I1 ') input described winding winding, until synchronous operation; Otherwise, check the time difference of described terminal voltage the 1st zero crossing and AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing; The time difference of the 3rd zero crossing after the characteristic value of described terminal voltage and the 1st zero crossing of terminal voltage and described AC supply voltage one zero crossing; When the absolute value of described terminal voltage characteristic value is greater than setting and the absolute value of described time difference is less than specified time period, drives described switch, make the 2nd current impulse (I2) input described winding; This current impulse (I2) is contrary with the direction of described 1st current impulse (I1), and has the 2nd regulation time delay (t2) relative to described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing; Then synchronous operation is entered; And
D) absolute value being less than setting or this characteristic value when the absolute value of this characteristic value be greater than setting and the absolute value of described time difference is greater than specified time period time, from step a) repetition said process, if and the absolute value of this characteristic value is greater than setting and its 1st zero crossing advanced described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing, then increase the duration of described 1st regulation time delay; If the absolute value that the absolute value of this characteristic value is less than setting or this characteristic value is greater than setting and backward described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing of its 1st zero crossing, then shorten the duration of described 1st regulation time delay.
This technical scheme utilizes dexterously:
---the period that winding current is zero can be there is in starting process of motor;
---when the electric current of winding is zero, the position of the corresponding p-m rotor of terminal voltage of winding and rotating speed.
Thus, can survey winding when winding current is zero terminal voltage control motor, especially start-up course.Experiment shows, when the load of motor is moderate, the terminal voltage of described winding easily meets rated condition, and motor can be made to pull in quickly operation according to optimal acceleration; When other load, except detecting the characteristic value of this voltage, increase and check that the 1st zero crossing of this terminal voltage and the time difference of AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing control as condition, can adapt to from zero load to more heavy duty startup situation in a wide range, more reasonably by motor from static startup, acceleration and operation of pulling in, thus preferably performance can be still had without the need to arranging independent rotor-position detecting element, therefore designs simplification and reducing costs.
The further design of the program is:
Institute's steps d) in, when the duration shortening described 1st regulation time delay is zero, still the absolute value that the 1st zero crossing that the absolute value of described time difference is greater than specified time period and described terminal voltage falls behind described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its characteristic value is less than setting, then each described from step a) step in repetition said process a) after with step b) before, first input n current impulse, this n current impulse successively before described AC supply voltage one zero crossing the 2nd, 4, 6 ... (2n-2) individual zero crossing starts, and its direction and step a) described in the sense of current contrary, about n, for occurring that the described time is the situation that absolute value that the 1st zero crossing that the absolute value of zero still described time difference is greater than specified time period and described terminal voltage falls behind described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its characteristic value is less than setting first, n=1, if again there is this situation, n=2, so analogize and n is increased by natural number.
Its beneficial effect is: further increase to start and control the loading range that adapts to, can significantly improve detent torque, is particularly advantageous in moment of inertia and the heavier situation of the larger even load of the resistance of start.
Further one of design is:
Described terminal voltage characteristic value is the 1st value or the 1st extreme value that electric current that described AC power inputs described winding reverts to the terminal voltage of described winding after zero.The former has the fastest response, and the latter detects more stable.
Further two of design are:
Described synchronous operation is switch described in the frequency drives according to described AC power, and described AC supply voltage is put on described winding with specified waveform; Or when the absolute value of described terminal voltage is when increasing and polarity is identical with the polarity of described AC supply voltage, drives described switch immediately, described AC supply voltage is put on described winding.The former controls fairly simple; The latter can make the active force between stator and rotor magnetic flux all identical with direction of rotation more exactly, thus has higher efficiency.
Further three of design are:
Described p-m rotor is that sine wave magnetizes, and is conducive to the extreme point and the zero crossing that detect described terminal voltage more accurately.
Further four of design are:
Described step a) in make rotor be in assigned position to comprise following process:
A1) drive described switch, from the regulation time delay of described AC supply voltage zero crossing, make with step a) described in identical at least 2 current impulses of the sense of current input described winding; These current impulses revert to during zero, check described terminal voltage;
A2) if:
---after if the most end in described current impulse 1 reverts to zero, the described terminal voltage duration, described process terminated within the scope of regulation upper and lower limit;
---after if the most end in described current impulse 1 reverts to zero, the described terminal voltage duration is greater than set upper limit, and described regulation time delay increases, from step a1) repetition said process;
---after if the most end in described current impulse 1 reverts to zero, the described terminal voltage duration is less than regulation lower limit, and described regulation time delay reduces, from step a1) repetition said process.
Experiment shows, according to above-mentioned control, can to reach before starting rotor more fast and locate reliably.
Technical scheme of the present invention and effect will be further described in a specific embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 be embodiment of the present invention motor load moderate time signal waveforms;
Fig. 4 be embodiment of the present invention motor load medium time signal waveforms;
Fig. 5 be embodiment of the present invention motor load heavier time signal waveforms.
Embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention motor improves to form on the basis of embodiment described in the authorized earlier application CN201110100111.6 of the applicant.
As shown in Figure 1, it inherits structure shown in Fig. 1 in CN201110100111.6 and comprises embodiment of the present invention motor electromagnetism basic structure:
---stator 1, forms primarily of U-iron core 11 and winding 12; The pole, left and right two---left pole 111 and the right pole 112 that surround rotor 2 is configured as above iron core 11; Winding 12 is by penetrating iron core 11 yoke portion left arm, each 1 coils connected in series of right arm or being formed in parallel;
---rotor 2 is p-m rotor, and radial symmetric sine wave magnetizes as N, S bis-pole, between the left pole 111 of inserting iron core 11 and right pole 112, and is supported in bearing rotary.
---motor setting is as counterclockwise in diagram, and (it is then clockwise for observing along motor reel rightabout) rotates, the width of the air gap between left pole 111 and rotor 2 is stepped from top to bottom to be narrowed, between right pole 112 and rotor 2, the width of air gap is stepped from bottom to top narrows, therefore under diagram free state, the axis 21 of rotor 2 two pole magnetic flux for reference, deflects about 10 ° with the horizontal axis 113 of stator two pole in the counterclockwise direction.
The main variation comparing structure shown in CN201110100111.6 Fig. 1 is: Hall element 3 shown in figure is cancelled.
As shown in Figure 2, primarily of the printed circuit board (PCB) composition being fixed on motor non-shaft stretching end, it inherits circuit shown in Fig. 2 in CN201110100111.6 and comprises embodiment of the present invention electromotor control circuit:
---bidirectional thyristor 4, its main electrode is access to ac power supply terminal 5 after connecting with winding 12;
---single-chip microcomputer 6, its output circuit 63 is access to the trigger electrode 41 of bidirectional thyristor 4, if export pulse namely trigger bidirectional thyristor 4 conducting, namely AC power half-wave voltage now starts to put on input winding 12 until this half-wave zero passage terminates, and the pulse current of corresponding to this voltage (synchronous and delayed to some extent) inputs winding 12.
---the shaping circuit be made up of resistance 7 and diode 8,9 and 5V DC power supply VDD, its input is access to ac power supply terminal 5, exporting B is 0 when being 1 negative half-wave when the polarity of voltage positive half wave of ac power supply terminal 5, and output B from 1 become 0 or become from 01 moment and AC supply voltage zero crossing.Export the input circuit 61 that B is access to single-chip microcomputer 6.
The main variation comparing circuit shown in CN201110100111.6 figure comprises:
---the circuit that former Hall element 3 and output thereof are access to single-chip microcomputer input is cancelled;
---the former one end directly connect publicly of winding 12 changes into and connects publicly through resistance 13, and this resistance detects the sample resistance by the electric current of winding 12; Winding 12 is access to the input circuit 62 of single-chip microcomputer with the tie point of resistance 13 through change-over circuit 621, for checking by the voltage drop at resistance 13 of the electric current of winding 12;
---the main electrode of bidirectional thyristor 4 and the tie point of winding 12 with publicly between cross-over connection resistance 10,19 bleeder circuit of connecting, resistance 10,19 be connected in series the input circuit 68 being a little access to single-chip microcomputer through change-over circuit 681; Terminal voltage when being zero to input reflection winding 12 electric current.
Above-mentioned change-over circuit 621,681 can be designed to transformer isolation clamp circuit:
---1:1 primary connects tested alternating voltage, secondary superposition constant DC voltage higher than tested alternating voltage peak, thus make tested alternating voltage be converted to the input circuit of the unipolarity fluctuation voltage input single-chip microcomputer of waveform shown in 31 in similar CN201110100111.6 Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, in single-chip microcomputer, can obtain through A/D conversion the instantaneous value surveying alternating voltage.
Certainly, the chip containing above-mentioned functions and single-chip microcomputer also can be selected to replace single-chip microcomputer 6 and change-over circuit 621,681.
Single-chip microcomputer 6 plug-in mainly checks the level of input circuit 61,62 and 68 according to setting procedure, through measuring, comparing, differentiate, exported the pulse triggering thyristor 4 by output circuit 63.
Basic settings in plug-in:
---once the level of input circuit 62 reverts to the direct voltage of described clamper, assert that the electric current of input winding 12 is zero, the level of input circuit 68 is used to the terminal voltage determining winding 12;
---the assigned position of definition rotor for: with suitable numerical value and the constant DC voltage identical with the polarity of AC power positive half wave shown in 51 in Fig. 3 is continuously applied power-off after winding 12 a period of time, the position that p-m rotor stops.Now, permanent magnetism magnetic pole axis is along magnetic field axis one sharp angle turning to advanced said stator winding 12 counterclockwise set shown in Fig. 1.
Execution step in plug-in:
A) rotor is made to be in the process of assigned position:
A1) when continuous print at least 2 input circuits 61 become 1 from 0, after time delay t0, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4 and makes pulse current I0 input winding 12; Once be zero by the electric current of the level identification input winding 12 of input circuit 62, check that the level of input circuit 68 is to determine the terminal voltage of winding 12;
A2) if:
---this voltage-duration is within the scope of regulation upper and lower limit, and described process terminates;
---this voltage-duration is greater than set upper limit, increases t0, from step a1) process described in repetition;
---this voltage-duration is less than regulation lower limit, reduces t0, from step a1) process described in repetition.
B) once input circuit 61 becomes 0 from 1, from this zero crossing (each zero crossing called after AC supply voltage the 1st, 2,3 successively thereafter ... zero crossing) output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4 after time delay t1, makes pulse current I1 input winding 12.
C) once be zero according to the electric current of the level identification input winding 12 of input circuit 62, terminal voltage v when checking the level of input circuit 68 to determine that winding 12 electric current is zero immediately (v1 ~ v6, v1 ' in general reference Fig. 3,4,5 ~ v6 ' and v1 " ~ v3 "), comprises the time difference 92 to its 1st value 90 detected, the 1st extreme value 91 and the 1st zero crossing and AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing:
---when the absolute value of the 1st value 90 be greater than regulation lower limit be less than set upper limit and afterwards this terminal voltage absolute value when continuing to increase and occur that the polarity of this terminal voltage is identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage in this process, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4, makes pulse current I12 input winding 12; Then synchronous operation is entered.Obviously, this control method can make motor pull in the most rapidly operation, especially should be applicable to the moderate situation of load, thus should be determined by experiment described regulation upper limit value and lower limit value by medium loads (rated value of product standard).Otherwise,
---when the absolute value of extreme value 91 is greater than setting and the absolute value of time difference 92 is less than setting, after AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing trigger t2, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4, makes pulse current I2 input winding 12; Then synchronous operation is entered; And
D) when the absolute value of extreme value 91 is less than setting or be greater than setting and the absolute value of time difference 92 is greater than setting, from step a) repeat above-mentioned all processes, if and the absolute value of time difference 92 is greater than setting and the 1st of terminal voltage v the advanced AC supply voltage of zero crossing the 3rd zero crossing, then increase tl, if the absolute value of time difference 92 is less than setting or is greater than setting and the 1st of terminal voltage v the backward AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing of zero crossing, then reduce tl, when tl is reduced to zero, still the absolute value that the 1st zero crossing that the absolute value of time difference 92 is greater than setting and terminal voltage v falls behind AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its 1st extreme value 91 is less than setting, step then in each described repetition said process a) after and step b) before, allowing output circuit 63 export pulse-triggered thyristor 4 makes n current impulse In input winding 12, this n current impulse successively before described AC supply voltage one zero crossing the 2nd, 4, 6 ... (2n-2) individual zero crossing starts, and its direction and step a) described in the sense of current contrary.About n, the absolute value that the 1st zero crossing being greater than setting and terminal voltage v for the absolute value occurring reducing tl to zero still time difference 92 first falls behind AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its 1st extreme value 91 is less than the situation of setting, n=1; If again there is this situation, n=2; If the 3rd time there is this situation, n=3; If there is this situation in the 4th, n=4; So analogize.
Motor enters synchronous operation, and input winding 12, by synchronizing current It substantially identical for continuous input waveform, has 2 kinds of modes:
---one, output circuit 63 continues pulse-triggered thyristor 4 constant conduction started output from zero crossing by ac power frequency, by AC supply voltage to put on winding 12 than more complete sinusoidal waveform; When load is lighter, also after each zero crossing, pulse-triggered thyristor 4 can be exported again by suitable time-delay, AC supply voltage is put on winding 12 with defect sinusoidal waveform, thus reduce voltage to reduce input power.
---they are two years old, when the level of input circuit 68 is assert the absolute value of terminal voltage v increase and press the level identification AC supply voltage of input circuit 61 identical with the polarity of terminal voltage v time, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4 immediately, AC supply voltage is put on winding 12.The comparative approach of the polarity of AC supply voltage and terminal voltage v can with reference to CN201110100111.6 patent specification [0063] ~ [0068] section (replacing former Hall output level with terminal voltage v).Which can reach the more stable Synchronization Control of different loads and avoid step-out, but supply voltage utilance decreases.
The waveform of each signal is as Fig. 3, shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5: 51 is the voltage waveform of ac power supply terminal 5, 52 is that shaping circuit exports the waveform of B, 53, 53 ', 53 " for putting on the waveform of winding 12 electric current, 54, 54 ', 54 " be the waveform of terminal voltage v when winding 12 electric current is zero, 55, 55 ', 55 " L is exported (when L is 1 described in the similar CN201110100111.6 obtained for the polarity comparing AC supply voltage and terminal voltage v, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4) waveform, 56, 56 ', the waveform of the potential pulse 56 " exported to the trigger electrode of thyristor 4 for the output circuit 63 of single-chip microcomputer 6.
Fig. 3 be embodiment of the present invention motor load moderate time signal waveforms, have following situation:
---first, output circuit 63 input circuit 61 continuous 2 become the moment equal time delay t0 of 1 from 0 after export pulse (in see Fig. 3 56) and trigger thyristor 4, make pulse current I0 (see in Fig. 3 53) the input winding 12 of 2 positive polaritys.These 2 pulse currents revert to the terminal voltage measured after zero and see that in Fig. 3,54:v1 section is that the 1st pulse current reverts to the terminal voltage after zero, and voltage higher and duration is greater than set upper limit; V2 section is that the 2nd pulse current reverts to the terminal voltage after zero, and the smaller and duration is specifying, within the scope of upper and lower limit, to show that rotor is in assigned position, then can start running;
---after input circuit 61 subsequently becomes the moment time delay t1 of 0 from 1, in output circuit 63 output map 3, the 3rd square wave shown in 56 triggers thyristor 4, makes negative pulse electric current I 1 (see in Fig. 3 53) input winding 12.V3 section is the terminal voltage that I1 reverts to winding 12 after zero, its the 1st value 90 is through judging in regulation, in lower range, value starts negative sense rising since then, and until the boundary point 91 that input circuit 61 becomes the moment of 0 from 1 again continues to rise always, plug-in is satisfied because of 3 conditions (absolute value of the 1st value 90 is greater than regulation lower limit and is less than set upper limit and this terminal voltage absolute value is continuing to increase and occurring that the polarity of this terminal voltage is identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage in this process afterwards), even if trigger thyristor 4 with the 4th square wave shown in 56 in output circuit 63 output map 3, make negative pulse electric current I 12 (see in Fig. 3 53) input winding 12, after this motor is pulled into synchronous operation: first after AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing, in time delay t2 output circuit 63 output map 3, the 5th square wave shown in 56 triggers thyristor 4, make positive pulse electric current I 2 (see in Fig. 3 53) input winding 12, V4 section is the terminal voltage that I2 reverts to winding 12 after zero, V5, V6 section is the terminal voltage that synchronizing current It reverts to winding 12 after zero, visible V4, V5, after the equal zero passage of V6 section, polarity and absolute value identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage is increasing, in single-chip microcomputer 6, the waveform (see in Fig. 3 52) by plug-in this v4, v5, v6 section terminal voltage and AC supply voltage shaping circuit being exported B compares, once the two meets same or gate logic, exporting L is 1, output circuit 63 exports pulse (see in Fig. 3 55) and triggers thyristor 4, after this AC power half-wave voltage puts on winding 12, and corresponding synchronizing current It inputs winding 12.
Fig. 4 be embodiment of the present invention motor load lighter time signal waveforms, have following situation:
---compared with Fig. 3 situation, still be first output circuit 63 input circuit 61 continuous 2 become the moment equal time delay t0 of 1 from 0 after export pulse (in see Fig. 4 56 ') and trigger thyristor 4, make pulse current I0 (see in Fig. 4 53 ') the input winding 12 of 2 positive polaritys.These 2 pulse currents revert to the terminal voltage measured after zero and to see in Fig. 3 54 ': v1 ' section is that the 1st pulse current reverts to the terminal voltage after zero, voltage higher and duration is greater than set upper limit; V2 ' section is that the 2nd pulse current reverts to the terminal voltage after zero, and the smaller and duration is specifying, within the scope of upper and lower limit, to show that rotor is in assigned position, then can start running;
---after input circuit 61 subsequently becomes the moment time delay t1 of 0 from 1, in output circuit 63 output map 4, the 3rd square wave triggers thyristor 4 shown in 56 ', makes negative pulse electric current I 1 (see in Fig. 4 53 ') input winding 12.V3 ' section is the terminal voltage that I1 reverts to winding 12 after zero, it rises to extreme point 91 from the 1st the first negative sense of value 90 beginning and (compares Fig. 3, extreme point 91 place moment advanced AC supply voltage the 2nd zero crossing) then decline (thus not meeting the 2nd of 3 conditions described in Fig. 3 situation), before AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing, after (time interval 92) zero passage, forward rises, until time delay t2 after AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing, in output circuit 63 output map 4, shown in 56 ', the 4th square wave triggers thyristor 4, make positive pulse electric current I 2 (see in Fig. 4 53 ') input winding 12.As in Fig. 3 54 ', v4 ' section is the terminal voltage that I2 reverts to winding 12 after zero, v5 ', v6 ' section are the terminal voltages that synchronizing current It reverts to winding 12 after zero, and after visible v4 ', v5 ', the equal zero passage of v6 ' section, polarity and absolute value identical with the polarity of AC supply voltage is increasing; In single-chip microcomputer 6, the waveform (see in Fig. 4 52 ') by plug-in this v4 ', v5 ', v6 ' section terminal voltage and AC supply voltage shaping circuit being exported B compares, once the two meets same or gate logic, exporting L is 1, output circuit 63 exports pulse (see in Fig. 4 55 ') and triggers thyristor 4, after this AC power half-wave voltage puts on winding 12, and corresponding synchronizing current It inputs winding 12.
Fig. 5 be embodiment of the present invention motor load heavier time signal waveforms, have following situation:
---all first the execution step in plug-in is undertaken by the situation that load is lighter, when heavier loads, above-mentioned process as shown in Figure 4, even if occur that after pulse current I1 reverts to zero tl is reduced to zero, still the absolute value that the 1st zero crossing that the absolute value of time difference 92 is greater than setting and terminal voltage v falls behind AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its 1st extreme value 91 is less than setting, thus restart: when input circuit 61 continuous 3 become 1 from 0 when, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4, the complete positive polarity half-wave of AC supply voltage 3 is made to put on winding 12, thus 3 complete positive polarity half-wave currents are inputted toward winding 12, after in the end 1 electric current (not shown) reverts to zero, be checked through the terminal voltage v1 of winding 12 " duration in prescribed limit, show that rotor is in assigned position.When input circuit 61 when subsequently becomes 0 from 1, in output circuit 63 output map 5 56 " shown in the 1st square wave trigger thyristor 4, make the complete negative polarity half-wave of AC supply voltage 1 put on winding 12, thus to input 1 complete negative polarity half-wave current In (see in Fig. 5 53 ") toward winding 12, after this electric current reverts to zero, be checked through the terminal voltage v2 of winding 12 ", when back to back input circuit 61 becomes 0 from 1, after time delay t1 ', in output circuit 63 output map 5 56 " shown in the 2nd square wave trigger thyristor 4, apply AC supply voltage 1 defect to winding 12 and bear half-wave, thus negative pulse electric current I 1 ' (see in Fig. 5 53 ") is inputted toward winding 12, after this electric current reverts to zero, be checked through the terminal voltage v3 ' of winding 12, it rises to extreme point 91 ' from the 1st value 90 ' negative sense, then decline, before in input circuit 61 from 0 moment (the 3rd zero crossing) becoming 1, after (time interval 92 ') zero passage, forward rises, and at input circuit 61 from time delay t2 ' after 0 moment becoming 1, in output circuit 63 output map 5 56 " shown in the 3rd square wave trigger thyristor 4, AC supply voltage 1 defect positive half wave is applied to winding 12, thus positive pulse electric current I 2 ' (see in Fig. 5 53 ") is made toward winding 12 input.When input circuit 61 subsequently all from 1 become 0 and become 1 from 0 when, output circuit 63 exports pulse (see in Fig. 5 56 ") all immediately and triggers thyristor 4; by AC supply voltage to be continuously applied in winding 12 than more complete sinusoidal waveform, correspondingly inputs than more complete sine-wave synchronous electric current I t ' (see in Fig. 5 53 ") toward winding 12.
As shown in Figure 5, if be checked through the terminal voltage v3 of winding 12 " still the absolute value of time difference 92 ' be greater than setting and terminal voltage v3 " the 1st zero crossing fall behind AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its 1st extreme value 91 " absolute value be less than setting, namely illustrate that load is quite heavy, need restart, and when the input circuit 61 after the step making rotor be in assigned position completes continuous 2 become 0 from 1 when, output circuit 63 exports pulse-triggered thyristor 4, the complete negative polarity half-wave of AC supply voltage 2 is made to put on winding 12, thus 2 complete negative polarity half-wave currents are inputted toward winding 12, then after the 3rd of back to back input circuit 61 becomes the moment time delay of 0 from 1, output circuit 63 exports the 3rd pulse-triggered thyristor 4, apply AC supply voltage 1 defect to winding 12 and bear half-wave, thus negative pulse electric current is inputted toward winding 12, after this electric current reverts to zero, check the terminal voltage of winding 12, continue subsequent process.
All using the 1st of terminal voltage v the extreme value 91 ' or 91 in the control of above-mentioned Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 " control as characteristic value.Described extreme value had both comprised the extreme value of stationary point form, also comprised the numerical value of place period end points.Can also adopt to terminal voltage v can reliable measurements to the 1st value 90 ' or 90 " control as characteristic value; can have and respond more timely; but due to the absolute value of the 1st value of terminal voltage v usually little than the absolute value of its 1st extreme value, therefore for contrast judgement setting need corresponding minimizing.In addition, characteristic value also can be the value of the terminal voltage v in other regulation feature moment (as AC supply voltage one zero crossing).
The present embodiment motor is also referred to as U-shaped iron core single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (can pay quick thesis for the doctorate " mechanism of U-shaped iron core single-phase self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor and specificity analysis " see Harbin Institute of Technology in 2005), this is two-pole machine, and its control mechanism is also applicable to the motor of 4 poles or more number of poles.
Claims (6)
1. a miniature single-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor, comprising:
---the stator of same number of poles and p-m rotor; Between described stator and rotor, the width of air gap narrows in each extremely lower circumferencial direction along setting, and thus in a free state, rotor each pole axis line is with the axis of hithermost stator one pole for reference, and the circumferencial direction along setting deflects a sharp angle;
---switch; The winding of described stator have regulation around to, be access to AC power through this switch;
---control circuit; Comprise testing circuit and by this electric circuit inspection to signal drive described switch to control the plug-in that described AC power inputs the electric current of described winding; Described detection comprises the feature detecting described AC supply voltage;
It is characterized in that:
---described detection also comprises the terminal voltage detecting described winding when described electric current is zero with this electric current;
---described plug-in also comprises the steps:
A) rotor is made to be in assigned position; Rotor when this position, sharp angle described in magnetic field axis when rotor permanent magnet field axis passes into certain directional current along the advanced stator winding of described circumferencial direction;
B) drive described switch, make the 1st current impulse (I1) input described winding; This current impulse (I1) starts from the 1st of described AC supply voltage one zero crossing regulation time delay (tl), and its direction and step a) described in the sense of current contrary;
C) once the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to zero, described terminal voltage and AC supply voltage is checked immediately, if meet following situation:
---the 1st current impulse (I1) reverts to the initial moment after zero, and described terminal voltage absolute value is greater than regulation lower limit and is less than set upper limit;
---described terminal voltage absolute value is in increase;
---described terminal voltage polarity is identical with the polarity of described AC supply voltage;
Connect described switch immediately, make the current impulse identical with described terminal voltage polarity (I1 ') input described winding winding, until synchronous operation; Otherwise, check the time difference of described terminal voltage the 1st zero crossing and AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing; The time difference of the 3rd zero crossing after the characteristic value of described terminal voltage and the 1st zero crossing of terminal voltage and described AC supply voltage one zero crossing; When the absolute value of described terminal voltage characteristic value is greater than setting and the absolute value of described time difference is less than specified time period, drives described switch, make the 2nd current impulse (I2) input described winding; This current impulse (I2) is contrary with the direction of described 1st current impulse (I1), and has the 2nd regulation time delay (t2) relative to described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing; Then synchronous operation is entered; And
D) absolute value being less than setting or this characteristic value when the absolute value of this characteristic value be greater than setting and the absolute value of described time difference is greater than specified time period time, from step a) repetition said process, if and the absolute value of this characteristic value is greater than setting and its 1st zero crossing advanced described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing, then increase the duration of described 1st regulation time delay (tl); If the absolute value that the absolute value of this characteristic value is less than setting or this characteristic value is greater than setting and backward described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing of its 1st zero crossing, then shorten the duration of described 1st regulation time delay (tl).
2. according to motor described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described steps d) in, when the duration shortening described 1st regulation time delay (tl) is zero, still the absolute value that the 1st zero crossing that the absolute value of described time difference is greater than specified time period and described terminal voltage falls behind described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its characteristic value is less than setting, step then in each described repetition said process a) after and step b) before, to described winding input n current impulse (In), this n current impulse successively before described AC supply voltage one zero crossing the 2nd, 4, 6 ... (2n-2) individual zero crossing starts, and its direction and step a) described in the sense of current contrary, about n, for occurring that the described time is the situation that absolute value that the 1st zero crossing that the absolute value of zero still described time difference is greater than specified time period and described terminal voltage falls behind described AC supply voltage the 3rd zero crossing or its characteristic value is less than setting first, n=1, if again there is this situation, n=2, so analogize and n is increased by natural number.
3. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described terminal voltage characteristic value is the 1st value or the 1st extreme value that electric current that described AC power inputs described winding reverts to the terminal voltage of described winding after zero.
4. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described synchronous operation is switch described in the frequency drives according to described AC power, and described AC supply voltage is put on described winding with specified waveform; Or when the absolute value of described terminal voltage is when increasing and polarity is identical with the polarity of described AC supply voltage, drives described switch immediately, described AC supply voltage is put on described winding.
5., according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described step a) in make rotor be in assigned position to comprise following process:
A1) drive described switch, start from the regulation time delay (t0) of described AC supply voltage zero crossing, make with step a) described in identical at least 2 current impulses (I0) of the sense of current input described winding; These current impulses (I0) revert to during zero, check described terminal voltage;
A2) if:
---after if the most end in described current impulse (I0) 1 reverts to zero, the described terminal voltage duration, described process terminated within the scope of regulation upper and lower limit;
---after if the most end in described current impulse (I0) 1 reverts to zero, the described terminal voltage duration is greater than set upper limit, and described regulation time delay (t0) increases, from step a1) repetition said process;
---after if the most end in described current impulse (I0) 1 reverts to zero, the described terminal voltage duration is less than regulation lower limit, and described regulation time delay (t0) is reduced, from step a1) repetition said process.
6. according to motor described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described p-m rotor is that sine wave magnetizes.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1376848A2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-01-02 | FAGOR, S.Coop | Electronic device for controlling a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet rotor |
| JP2011217502A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-27 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Motor drive device |
| CN102771045A (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2012-11-07 | 西门子公司 | Device for operating synchronous motors and associated method |
| CN202602581U (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-12-12 | 西北工业大学 | Large-inertia load permanent magnet synchronous motor driving outage-restarting control device |
| CN103051269B (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2015-10-07 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Synchronous machine controller |
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2015
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1376848A2 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-01-02 | FAGOR, S.Coop | Electronic device for controlling a synchronous motor with permanent-magnet rotor |
| CN102771045A (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2012-11-07 | 西门子公司 | Device for operating synchronous motors and associated method |
| JP2011217502A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-27 | Fujitsu General Ltd | Motor drive device |
| CN103051269B (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2015-10-07 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Synchronous machine controller |
| CN202602581U (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-12-12 | 西北工业大学 | Large-inertia load permanent magnet synchronous motor driving outage-restarting control device |
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