CN105039912A - Aluminum-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to aluminum-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials and a preparation method and application thereof. The aluminum-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials are prepared through the following steps that (1) silicon carbide ceramics are dispersed and buried in metal titanium powder, heated to 1000-1100 DEG C in a vacuum environment, kept at the temperature for 1-3h, and then cooled, so that ceramic particles with surfaces plated with metal titanium layers in an evaporation mode are obtained; (2) the ceramic particles with the surfaces plated with the metal titanium layers in the evaporation mode are put into a container, arranged tightly to form a ceramic array, heated and then put into a compression casting machine, and metal aluminum melt is cast into the ceramic array; and (3) after mold release, the surfaces of the ceramics are cleaned, and the aluminum-silicon carbide composite ceramic materials are obtained and can be used for manufacturing bulletproof plates. Compared with the prior art, the composite ceramic materials have the characteristics of being compact in combination, simple in preparation method, suitable for industrial enlargement and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite ceramic material and its preparation method and application, especially relate to a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Silicon carbide ceramics is one of physical protection material of current main flow, has that density is low, hardness is high, flexural strength high, shellproof good combination property, and the battlefield maneuverability that can keep equipment personnel largely.But silicon carbide ceramics fragility is large, and anti-rounds striking capabilities is poor.In order to overcome this shortcoming, cylindric silicon carbide ceramics solid matter is adopted to tile into the bulletproof ceramic plate of bulk, the quick brittle failure problem that ceramic bulletproof plate is fatal can be solved preferably, especially when cylindrical ceramic particle two ends or when adopting convex-shaped in out surface one end, incident bullet can also be made to produce deflection, improve the ballisticperformances of bulletproof ceramic further.
Conventional ceramic bulletproof plate generally adopts sizing agent to be bonded together by the ceramic plate of multiple regular shape, due to larger gap can be left when cylindrical ceramic arranges, gluing or the employing rubber filling gap with sizing agent, between pottery, bonding force is poor, in bullet strike process, easily cause multiple pottery to take off to fly, thus cannot protective effect be played.So, really to realize the objective of defense, cylinder pottery also must be made to be closely linked, make that there is between pottery stronger bonding force.
Chinese patent 201410062187.8 discloses a kind of Ceramic Composite armour, and comprise shellproof backboard and be located at the bulletproof ceramic block on shellproof backboard, bulletproof ceramic block is made up of plane plate and the curve tab for changing bullet impact direction; Curve tab is located at the upper surface of plane plate; The lower surface of plane plate is fixed on shellproof backboard in the mode that face contacts.First this patent makes the bulletproof ceramic close-packed arrays of convex shape; sizing agent is then adopted to be bonded together; although the arrangement weight of armour can be made significantly to reduce; but the pottery of convex shape cannot be tightly linked integrally by common sizing agent; lateral confinement effect can not be produced to pottery; extra provide protection cannot be provided to the penetration that bullet resisted by pottery, thus make the bulletproof ability of bullet proof composite plating poor.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to overcome aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material that defect that above-mentioned prior art exists provides a kind of combination fine and close, with low cost and its preparation method and application.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprise multiple compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics, this silicon carbide ceramics Coating has layer of titanium metal, is cast with alumina-base material and is combined into entirety between multiple silicon carbide ceramics.
Described layer of titanium metal is by pure titanium and TiO
2composition, wherein, the mass content of pure titanium is 30 ~ 80%, and the thickness of described layer of titanium metal is 0.05 ~ 1 μm.
Described silicon carbide ceramics is prepared from by reaction sintering, pressureless sintering or hot-pressing sintering technique, the shape of described silicon carbide ceramics is diameter of section is the cylindrical of 5 ~ 30mm or semi-cylindrical, and at least one end of described silicon carbide ceramics is formed and the spherical crown of its smooth-sided compression candles transition or half spherical crown.
Described alumina-base material is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
It is the silicon of 8 ~ 10% and the magnesium of 0.1 ~ 0.3% that described aluminium alloy comprises massfraction, and all the other are aluminium.
A preparation method for aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) the pure ti powder of 30 ~ 80% and the TiO of 20% ~ 70% is taken by mass percent
2powder, mixes rear obtained mixed powder;
(2) silicon carbide ceramics dispersion is buried in mixed powder, under vacuum environment, is heated to 1000 ~ 1100 DEG C and is incubated 1 ~ 3h, after cooling, obtaining the ceramic particle that surperficial evaporation has layer of titanium metal;
(3) had by evaporation the ceramic particle of layer of titanium metal to insert close-packed arrays in container, composition Ceramic Array, puts into die casting machine, by alumina-base material melt cast in Ceramic Array after heating;
(4), after the demoulding, cleaning ceramic surface, namely obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
The granularity of described pure ti powder is 20 ~ 60 μm, described TiO
2the granularity of powder is 40 ~ 100 μm.
In step (2), the vacuum tightness of vacuum environment is more than or equal to 2 × 10
-3pa.
Put into die casting machine immediately after Ceramic Array is heated to 200 ~ 300 DEG C in step (3), the teeming temperature of alumina-base material melt is 700 ~ 800 DEG C, and pouring pressure is 10 ~ 40Mpa.
A kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material is for making armour.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1) densification is combined: aluminium is poured into a mould coated silicon carbide ceramic product by aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material prepared by the present invention, simultaneously at surface of SiC evaporation Ti layer, improve wettability and the bonding force of aluminium and silicon carbide ceramics, the Al that in casting process, aluminium titanium is generated by reaction in－situ
3ti tissue diffusion is distributed in matrix, play the effect of the heterogeneous forming core heart, crystal grain thinning, contribute to the raising of material property, on the other hand, the reaction of aluminium titanium reduces the chemical reaction between aluminium and silicon carbide, thus improve between aluminium, silicon carbide ceramic product in conjunction with density, aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material is combined fine and close, successfully solve the problem that cylindric silicon carbide ceramics is combined into overall armour, improve the ability that the anti-rounds of silicon carbide ceramics armour hits;
2) ballistic performance is excellent, maneuvering ability is high: the aluminum and its alloy that the present invention adopts has compared with low density and good mechanical property, cylindric or semi-cylindrical is ceramic has excellent ballistic performance, simultaneously compared to general ceramic material, composite ceramic material prepared by the present invention is flexible, when making for armour, the area density of ceramic bulletproof plate can not be significantly improved, while maintaining high resistance bullet strike performance, also can ensure the maneuverability requirement of armour;
3) preparation technology of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material provided by the present invention is simple, efficiency is high, cost is low, easily carries out industry and amplifies.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional structure schematic diagram of silicon carbide ceramics of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.The present embodiment is implemented premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A preparation method for aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprises the following steps:
(1) be 99% by 90g purity, granularity is the metallic titanium powder of 20 ~ 60 μm, with 210g purity be 99.5%, granularity is the TiO of 40 ~ 100 μm
2powder mixes, put into the container of graphite material, again 8 columned pressureless sintering silicon carbide and 2 semi-cylindrical pressureless sintering silicon carbide dispersions are imbedded in mixed powder, the physical dimension of each silicon carbide is column type, size of main body is Φ 8mm × 12mm, cylinder one end is plane, the other end is diameter 25mm, be highly the spherical crown of 2mm, its structure is as shown in Figure 2;
(2) said mixture is put into vacuum oven together, keep vacuum tightness to reach 2 × 10
-3pa or more, is warming up to 1000 DEG C of insulation 2h, after furnace cooling, takes out and clear up ceramic grain surface, obtain the silicon carbide ceramics particle of layer of metal titanium at surface deposition;
(3) above-mentioned 10 silicon carbide ceramics block vertical setting of types are fitted tightly together, put into dismountable, inner cavity size is a 24mm × 21.9mm × 12mm Steel Vessel, as shown in Figure 1; Steel Vessel is heated to 250 DEG C together with silicon carbide ceramics in retort furnace, and insulation 5min, then puts in special pressure die-casting machine immediately;
(4) by comprise mass content be respectively 10% Si, 0.2% Mg, all the other for aluminium aluminium alloy melt be poured in above-mentioned silicon carbide ceramics array, pouring pressure is 10MPa, and teeming temperature is 720 DEG C;
(5) demoulding remove Steel Vessel shell, the aluminum alloy materials of cleaning silicon carbide ceramics excess surface, obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
Embodiment 2
A preparation method for aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprises the following steps:
(1) be 99% by 120g purity, granularity is the metallic titanium powder of 20 ~ 60 μm, with 180g, purity be 99.5%, granularity is the TiO of 40 ~ 100 μm
2powder mixes, and puts into the container of graphite material; Again 8 columned silicon carbide reaction-sintereds and 2 semi-cylindrical silicon carbide reaction-sintered dispersions are imbedded in mixed powder, the physical dimension of each silicon carbide is column type, size of main body is Φ 12mm × 10mm, and cylinder one end is plane, the other end is diameter 28mm, be highly the spherical crown of 3mm;
(2) said mixture is put into vacuum oven together, keep vacuum tightness to reach 2 × 10
-3pa or more, is warming up to 1100 DEG C of insulation 1h, after furnace cooling, takes out and clear up ceramic grain surface, obtain the silicon carbide ceramics particle of layer of metal titanium at surface deposition;
(3) above-mentioned 10 silicon carbide ceramics block vertical setting of types are fitted tightly together, put into dismountable, inner cavity size is a 36mm × 32.8mm × 12mm Steel Vessel; Steel Vessel is heated to 200 DEG C together with silicon carbide ceramics in retort furnace, and insulation 5min, then puts in special pressure die-casting machine immediately;
(4) by aluminium alloy (Si massfraction is 8%, Mg massfraction is 0.3%, and all the other are aluminium), melt cast is in above-mentioned silicon carbide ceramics array, and pouring pressure is 20MPa, and teeming temperature is 750 DEG C;
(5) demoulding remove Steel Vessel shell, the aluminum alloy materials of cleaning silicon carbide ceramics excess surface, obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
Embodiment 3
A kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprise 13 compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics Coating has 1 μm of layer of titanium metal, is cast with aluminium alloy melt and is combined into entirety between each silicon carbide ceramics, and aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) to be the pure ti powder of 20 μm and 60g granularity by 240g granularity the be TiO of 40 μm
2powder mixes, put into the crucible of ceramic material, obtained mixed powder, again the half-terete silicon carbide ceramics dispersion of the columned silicon carbide ceramics of 11 reaction sinterings and 2 reaction sinterings is imbedded in mixed powder, obtain mixture, the size of main body of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics and semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics is Φ 5mm × 8mm, wherein one end of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics is plane, the other end is diameter 12mm, it is highly the spherical crown of 1mm, one end of semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics is plane, the other end is diameter 12mm, half spherical crown of height 1mm,
(2) said mixture is put into vacuum oven together, keep vacuum tightness to be 2 × 10
-3pa, is heated to 1000 DEG C and is incubated 3h, after furnace cooling, takes out and clears up ceramic grain surface, obtains the ceramic particle that surperficial evaporation has one deck 1 μm of layer of titanium metal;
(3) had by evaporation 11 of layer of titanium metal cylindric silicon carbide ceramics particles and 2 semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics particles to insert close-packed arrays in container, composition silicon carbide ceramics array, puts into die casting machine after being then heated to 200 DEG C again;
(4) be that the aluminium alloy melt of 91.9%Al, 8%Si, 0.1%Mg is poured in the silicon carbide ceramics array in die casting machine by mass percent component, pouring pressure is 10MPa, and teeming temperature is 700 DEG C;
(5) after the demoulding, remove shell of tank, the aluminum alloy materials of cleaning silicon carbide ceramics excess surface, namely obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
Embodiment 4
A kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprise 10 compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics Coating has 0.05 μm of layer of titanium metal, is cast with aluminium alloy melt and is combined into entirety between each silicon carbide ceramics, and aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) to be the pure ti powder of 60 μm and 210g granularity by 90g granularity the be TiO of 100 μm
2powder mixes, put into the crucible of ceramic material, obtained mixed powder, again the half-terete silicon carbide ceramics dispersion of the columned silicon carbide ceramics of 8 hot pressed sinterings and 2 hot pressed sinterings is imbedded in mixed powder, obtain mixture, the size of main body of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics and semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics is Φ 30mm × 8mm, wherein the two ends of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics are diameter 32mm, are highly the spherical crown of 4mm, and the two ends of semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics are half spherical crown of diameter 32mm, height 4mm;
(2) said mixture is put into vacuum oven together, keep vacuum tightness to be 3 × 10
-3pa, is heated to 1100 DEG C and is incubated 1h, after furnace cooling, takes out and clears up ceramic grain surface, obtains the ceramic particle that surperficial evaporation has one deck 0.05 μm of layer of titanium metal;
(3) had by evaporation 8 of layer of titanium metal cylindric silicon carbide ceramics particles and 2 semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics particles to insert close-packed arrays in container, composition silicon carbide ceramics array, puts into die casting machine after being then heated to 300 DEG C again;
(4) be that the aluminium alloy melt of 89.7%Al, 10%Si, 0.3%Mg is poured in the silicon carbide ceramics array in die casting machine by mass percent component, pouring pressure is 40MPa, and teeming temperature is 800 DEG C;
(5) after the demoulding, remove shell of tank, the aluminum alloy materials of cleaning silicon carbide ceramics excess surface, namely obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
Embodiment 5
A kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprise 10 compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics Coating has 0.08 μm of layer of titanium metal, is cast with melt and is combined into entirety between each silicon carbide ceramics, and aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) to be the pure ti powder of 40 μm and 180g granularity by 120g granularity the be TiO of 60 μm
2powder mixes, put into the crucible of ceramic material, obtained mixed powder, again the half-terete silicon carbide ceramics dispersion of the columned silicon carbide ceramics of 8 reaction sinterings and 2 reaction sinterings is imbedded in mixed powder, obtain mixture, the size of main body of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics and semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics is Φ 20mm × 8mm, wherein the two ends of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics are diameter 24mm, are highly the spherical crown of 3mm, and the two ends of semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics are half spherical crown of diameter 24mm, height 3mm;
(2) said mixture is put into vacuum oven together, keep vacuum tightness to be 5 × 10
-3pa, is heated to 1050 DEG C and is incubated 2h, after furnace cooling, takes out and clears up ceramic grain surface, obtains the ceramic particle that surperficial evaporation has one deck 0.08 μm of layer of titanium metal;
(3) had by evaporation 8 of layer of titanium metal cylindric silicon carbide ceramics particles and 2 semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics particles to insert close-packed arrays in container, composition silicon carbide ceramics array, puts into die casting machine after being then heated to 300 DEG C again;
(4) be poured into by melt in the silicon carbide ceramics array in die casting machine, pouring pressure is 30MPa, and teeming temperature is 750 DEG C;
(5) after the demoulding, remove shell of tank, the aluminum of cleaning silicon carbide ceramics excess surface, namely obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
Embodiment 6
A kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, comprise 13 compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics, silicon carbide ceramics Coating has 1 μm of layer of titanium metal, is cast with aluminium alloy melt and is combined into entirety between each silicon carbide ceramics, and aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) to be the pure ti powder of 20 μm and 100g granularity by 200g granularity the be TiO of 40 μm
2powder mixes, put into the crucible of ceramic material, obtained mixed powder, again the half-terete silicon carbide ceramics dispersion of the columned silicon carbide ceramics of 11 reaction sinterings and 2 reaction sinterings is imbedded in mixed powder, obtain mixture, the size of main body of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics and semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics is Φ 10mm × 8mm, wherein one end of cylindric silicon carbide ceramics is plane, the other end is diameter 12mm, it is highly the spherical crown of 1mm, one end of semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics is plane, the other end is diameter 12mm, half spherical crown of height 1mm,
(2) said mixture is put into vacuum oven together, keep vacuum tightness to be 2 × 10
-3pa, is heated to 1000 DEG C and is incubated 2h, after furnace cooling, takes out and clears up ceramic grain surface, obtains the ceramic particle that surperficial evaporation has one deck 1 μm of layer of titanium metal;
(3) had by evaporation 11 of layer of titanium metal cylindric silicon carbide ceramics particles and 2 semi-cylindrical silicon carbide ceramics particles to insert close-packed arrays in container, composition silicon carbide ceramics array, puts into die casting machine after being then heated to 250 DEG C again;
(4) be that the aluminium alloy melt of 90%Al, 9.8%Si, 0.2%Mg is poured in the silicon carbide ceramics array in die casting machine by mass percent component, pouring pressure is 10MPa, and teeming temperature is 700 DEG C;
(5) after the demoulding, remove shell of tank, the aluminum alloy materials of cleaning silicon carbide ceramics excess surface, namely obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
Aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramics obtained in the various embodiments described above, mainly for the preparation of armour, detects obtained each aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramics, and concrete detection data are as follows:
Claims (10)
1. an aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material, is characterized in that, comprises multiple compact arranged silicon carbide ceramics, and this silicon carbide ceramics Coating has layer of titanium metal, is cast with alumina-base material and is combined into entirety between multiple silicon carbide ceramics.
2. a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described layer of titanium metal is by pure titanium and TiO
2composition, wherein, the mass content of pure titanium is 30 ~ 80%, and the thickness of described layer of titanium metal is 0.05 ~ 1 μm.
3. a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described silicon carbide ceramics is prepared from by reaction sintering, pressureless sintering or hot-pressing sintering technique, the shape of described silicon carbide ceramics is diameter of section is the cylindrical of 5 ~ 30mm or semi-cylindrical, and at least one end of described silicon carbide ceramics is formed and the spherical crown of its smooth-sided compression candles transition or half spherical crown.
4. a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described alumina-base material is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
5. a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 4, is characterized in that, it is the silicon of 8 ~ 10% and the magnesium of 0.1 ~ 0.3% that described aluminium alloy comprises massfraction, and all the other are aluminium.
6. a preparation method for the aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material as described in as arbitrary in Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) the pure ti powder of 30 ~ 80% and the TiO of 20% ~ 70% is taken by mass percent
2powder, mixes rear obtained mixed powder;
(2) silicon carbide ceramics dispersion is buried in mixed powder, under vacuum environment, is heated to 1000 ~ 1100 DEG C and is incubated 1 ~ 3h, after cooling, obtaining the ceramic particle that surperficial evaporation has layer of titanium metal;
(3) had by evaporation the ceramic particle of layer of titanium metal to insert close-packed arrays in container, composition Ceramic Array, puts into die casting machine, by alumina-base material melt cast in Ceramic Array after heating;
(4), after the demoulding, cleaning ceramic surface, namely obtains aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material.
7. the preparation method of a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the granularity of described pure ti powder is 20 ~ 60 μm, described TiO
2the granularity of powder is 40 ~ 100 μm.
8. the preparation method of a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in step (2), the vacuum tightness of vacuum environment is more than or equal to 2 × 10
-3pa.
9. the preparation method of a kind of aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, die casting machine is put into immediately after Ceramic Array is heated to 200 ~ 300 DEG C in step (3), the teeming temperature of alumina-base material melt is 700 ~ 800 DEG C, and pouring pressure is 10 ~ 40Mpa.
10. one kind as arbitrary in Claims 1 to 5 as described in aluminum/silicon carbide composite ceramic material for making armour.
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| CN107963888A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-27 | 浙江立泰复合材料股份有限公司 | A kind of boron carbide ceramics piece |
| CN107954716A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-24 | 浙江立泰复合材料股份有限公司 | A kind of boron carbide ceramics plate |
| CN107976115A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-05-01 | 浙江立泰复合材料股份有限公司 | A kind of boron carbide-titanium alloy composite armour |
| CN108007273A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-05-08 | 浙江立泰复合材料股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of boron carbide-titanium alloy composite armour |
| CN107954717A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-24 | 浙江立泰复合材料股份有限公司 | A kind of regular hexagon boron carbide ceramics piece |
| CN108754204A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-11-06 | 广东技术师范学院天河学院 | SiC reinforcement aluminum-base composite ceramic material and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108754204B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2020-06-05 | 广东技术师范学院天河学院 | Silicon carbide reinforced aluminum-based composite ceramic material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110499434A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Multiple dimensioned ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composites of one kind body containing solid matter and preparation method thereof |
| CN112570690A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-03-30 | 广州城建职业学院 | Preparation method of three-dimensional reticular silicon carbide ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
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