CN105026128B - 超声波发生器 - Google Patents

超声波发生器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105026128B
CN105026128B CN201480012724.6A CN201480012724A CN105026128B CN 105026128 B CN105026128 B CN 105026128B CN 201480012724 A CN201480012724 A CN 201480012724A CN 105026128 B CN105026128 B CN 105026128B
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head
supersonic generator
generator according
along
jiao
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CN201480012724.6A
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CN105026128A (zh
Inventor
乌尔里希·沃格勒
塞尔吉奥·曼钦
安东尼奥·梅兰德里
加维尔·赫尔佐格-吉斯贝特
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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    • B06GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/74Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
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    • B29L2031/7166Cartons of the fruit juice or milk type, i.e. containers of polygonal cross sections formed by folding blanks into a tubular body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements, e.g. gable type containers

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Abstract

公开了一种超声波发生器(1),其包括:头部(15),其限定沿着正交于第二方向(B)的第一方向(A)伸长的密封表面(14);和至少一个第一槽(23、27),其横向于所述第一方向(A)穿过所述头部(15)而延伸;第一槽(23;27)平行于相对于所述第一方向和第二方向(A、B)两者都倾斜的第三方向(C;D)延伸;第一方向(C;D)与所述第二方向(B)限定第一角(α、β)。

Description

超声波发生器
技术领域
本发明涉及超声波发生器,具体地,涉及用于横向地密封容积为大约200ml的包装的超声波发生器。
发明背景
许多可倾倒的食品,诸如果汁、巴氏杀菌的或UHT(超高温处理的)牛奶、葡萄酒、番茄酱等,在由消过毒的包装材料制成的包装中出售。
此类包装的典型的示例是被称为Tetra Brik Aseptic(注册商标)的用于液体或可倾倒的食品的平行六面体形状的包装,通过将层压的条状包装材料折叠并密封而制成该包装。
包装材料具有多层结构,该多层结构大体上包括提供刚度和强度的基底层,该基底层可以包括成层的例如纸之类的纤维材料或成层的填充无机物的聚丙烯材料和覆盖基底层的两侧的多层热封塑性材料,例如聚乙烯膜。
在诸如UHT牛奶之类的长时间储存产品的无菌包装的情况下,包装材料还包括成层的阻隔气体且阻隔光的材料,例如铝箔或乙基乙烯醇(EVOH),该成层的材料叠置于成层的热封塑性材料上,并且,进而用形成最终接触食品的包装的内面的另外的成层的热封塑性材料覆盖。
正如人们所知,这样的包装在全自动包装机上制造,在该包装机上,由卷材进给式包装材料形成连续的管;包装材料的卷材例如通过涂敷诸如过氧化氢溶液之类的化学消毒剂而在包装机本身上消毒,该化学消毒剂在消毒之后从包装材料的表面除去,例如通过加热而蒸发;并且,这样消毒的包装材料的卷材维持在封闭的无菌环境下,并且,被纵向地折叠和密封以形成垂直管。
该管从顶部填充消过毒的或经无菌处理的食品,并且,在等间隔的横过部分处由两对夹具夹持。更具体地,这两对夹具周期地且相继地作用于管上,以将管的包装材料密封并通过相应的横向密封带而形成彼此连接的枕状包装件的连续的条。
枕状包装件通过切割相关的密封带而分离,然后,被输送至最终折叠工位,在此,被机械地折叠成平行六面体形状成品。
在第一替代方案中,包装机包括两个成形组件,这两个成形组件可沿着相应的导向器移动并周期地与管相互作用以将管的包装材料热封。每个成形组件包括:可沿着相应的导向器来回地移动的滑动件;以及两个夹具,在底部处铰接至相应的滑动件,并且,在夹具与管配合以将管密封的关闭位置和夹具从管分离的打开位置之间移动。
在第二替代方案中,包装机包括限定相应的环状路径并安装有相应的数量的夹具的两个链式输送机。这两个路径具有大体上彼此面向且平行的相应的分支,并且,在各分支之间供给包装材料的管,以便一个输送机上的夹具与另一输送机上的对应的夹具沿着相应的路径的分支配合,以在许多连续的横过部分处夹持管且将包装件密封并切割。
在具有作为阻隔材料的铝层的无菌包装的情况下,管的横过部分通常通过感应铝层中的损耗电流以使热封塑性材料局部地熔融来密封。
更具体地,每对夹具中的一个包括由不导电的材料制成的主体和容纳于主体上的面座中的感应器;而另一夹具具有由诸如橡胶之类的柔性材料制成的压力垫。
当相关的成对夹具夹持管时,感应器被激励,以便通过将塑性覆盖材料热封来将管的横过部分密封。
在不具有铝层或其他导电材料层的包装的情况下,管的横过部分通常使用用于局部地向内加热包装材料的热板来密封。
更具体地,夹具中的一个装备有热板,而另一个通常具有一个或更多个柔性材料的压力垫。这种一般被称为“热板”密封的方法要求热板与包装材料之间的相对地持久的接触。
为了加速包装材料的局部熔融并因此提高包装生产速度,越来越多地使用超声密封装置,该装置大体上包括机械振动发生器或超声波发生器和砧,例如从归于同一申请人名下的EP-B-615907得知,该砧安装于每对夹具中的相应的夹具且彼此配合以借助于超声振动来加热包装材料。
更准确地说,EP-B-615907中所公开的超声波发生器大体上包括头部和唯一的驱动单元,该驱动单元由堆叠的交替的压电陶瓷板和导电金属片组成。
头部限定沿着第一方向延伸的密封表面,并且,驱动单元在密封表面的相对侧安装于头部。
驱动单元耦接至交流发电机。以该方式,压电陶瓷板将电力供应的电压转换成机械应变,该机械应变导致头部的振荡,并因此导致横向密封带的密封。
具体地,超声波发生器构成半波谐振器,即超声波发生器的沿着正交于第一方向的第二方向的整个长度由头部的振荡的波长的一半组成。
EP-B-615907中所描述的类型的超声密封装置具有以下缺陷。
当期望更长的横向密封带时,必须将多个上述的超声波发生器以另外的长度互相连接。
结果,当必须将容积为大约200ml的包装横向地密封时,必须将两个超声波发生器彼此互相连接。
此外,超声波发生器互相连接的期间的不可避免的错误很可能在这样的超声波发生器之间生成不均匀的振动。因此,由此产生的横向密封带可能是不平坦的。
为了克服该缺陷,归于同一申请人名下的WO-A-2007/020208公开了容纳由单个发电机馈电的三个受驱单元的单件式超声波发生器。更详细地,这三个驱动单元固定于超声波发生器的相应的凹部中,并且,具有相应的多个压电元件。
然而,WO-A-2007/020208中所公开的超声波发生器对于大约200ml的横向地密封的包装而言是未优化的,因为由于三个驱动单元的存在而导致的密封表面大于所要求的密封表面。出于相同的原因,WO-A-2007/020208中所公开的超声波发生器不能取代现有的包装机中的EP-B-615907中所示出的类型的两个相邻的超声波发生器。事实上,WO-A-2007/020208中所公开的超声波发生器的密封表面大于EP-B-615907中所示出的类型的相应的相邻的超声波发生器的两个密封表面的长度的和。
最后,WO-A-2007/020208中所公开的超声波发生器包括布置在相应的多对彼此相邻的驱动单元之间的成对的槽。
超声波发生器还包括用于将超声波发生器固定于夹具的框架的多个S状挂钩,具体地,三对S状挂钩。每对S状挂钩布置在超声波发生器的相对的横向侧表面上,并且,可以焊接或整体地成形于超声波发生器。因此,防止超声波发生器在S状挂钩处振荡。换句话说,S状挂钩限定超声波发生器的相应的节点并位于这样的超声波发生器的“所谓的”节平面上。
更准确地说,槽正交于超声波发生器的密封表面并在随后的两对S状挂钩之间延伸。具体地,槽同时在S状挂钩的上方和下方延伸。因此,槽穿过超声波发生器的节平面。
申请人已发现,WO-A-2007/020208中所公开的超声波发生器的振动由于某些另外的寄生频率而变得不稳定。
因此,由此产生的横向密封带可能仍然不完全地均匀和连续。此外,这些另外的寄生频率导致作用于超声波发生器上的另外的疲劳应力,结果缩短其疲劳剩余寿命。
为了尽量减少上面提到的另外的寄生频率,归于同一申请人名下的WO-A-2011/117119公开了头部持续容纳三个驱动单元,但槽不横过节平面的超声波发生器。
换句话说,超声波发生器包括布置在节平面的第一侧的成对的第一槽和布置在节平面的第二侧的成对的第二槽。
此外,第一槽和第二槽两者都大体上平行于超声波发生器的对称平面并因此正交于超声波发生器的密封表面而延伸。
出于WO-A-2007/020208中所公开的超声波发生器的相同的原因,WO-A-2011/117119中所公开的超声波发生器未针对容积为大约200ml的横向地密封的包装而优化且不能在现有的包装机中改造。
因此认为需要使得上文提到的超声波发生器针对大约200ml的横向地密封的包装而优化且适合于在现有的包装机中改造,以代替EP-B-615907中所示出的两对相邻的超声波发生器。
此外,虽然高度地可靠且高效,但是WO-A-2011/117119中所公开的超声波发生器留有进一步改进的余地。
具体地,认为在本产业内需要使得上文提到的振动的幅度分布尽可能地均匀,以便提高横向密封的沿着同一横向密封的长度的质量。
出于相同的原因,认为在本产业内需要在沿着密封表面施加不均匀的负荷时使得上文提到的幅度分布尽可能地稳定。
出于相同的原因,还认为在本产业内需要与已知的解决方案相比而增大寄生频率之间的距离。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供设计成满足至少一个前面提到的需要的超声波发生器。
根据本发明,提供了根据权利要求1所述的超声波发生器。
附图说明
将参考附图而经由示例来描述本发明的优选的非限制性的实施例,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的超声波发生器的透视图;
图2是图1的超声波发生器的透视图,为了清楚起见而移除一些零件且在不同的视角下观察;
图3是按放大比例尺观察的沿着图2的线III-III截取的截面;
图4示出在放大图中观察的图3的一些构件;
图5是沿着图2的线V-V的截面;
图6是图1至图5的超声波发生器在包装材料的管的密封阶段期间的示意图;
图7示出夹具和附接至夹具的图1至图6的超声波发生器;
图8示出图1至图6的超声波发生器的阻抗和相位与发电机的频率的关系曲线图;以及
图9示出图8的超声波发生器的振动幅度与沿着超声波发生器的位置的关系曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1至图4中的附图标记1作为整体表示根据本发明的超声波发生器。
超声波发生器1可以合并于包装机(未示出)中,该包装机用于从由已知的装置(未示出)沿着垂直路径Q(图6)供给的包装材料的管2生产诸如巴氏杀菌或UHT牛奶、果汁、葡萄酒等的可倾倒的食品的密封包装。
管2通过将热封片状材料的卷材纵向地折叠并密封而以已知的方式形成,并且,以消过毒的或经无菌处理的食品从顶部连续地填充。
包装机以已知的方式包括至少一对成形组件3(在图6中仅示出一个),成形组件3与包装材料的管2周期地且相继地相互作用,以沿着等间隔的横过部分夹持、超声地密封并切割管2。更具体地,成形组件3与管2相互作用,以获得通过横向密封带5而连接至管2的包装,然后,沿着横向密封带5切割管2。
每个成形组件3(在本文中仅为了清楚地理解本发明所需而描述)大体上包括夹具6(图7)和配对夹具,夹具6和配对夹具位于管2的相对侧,相应地支撑机械振动发生器或超声波发生器1和砧9,并且,可在开放构型与封闭构型之间沿与路径Q交叉的方向移动,在封闭构型中,夹具6和配对夹具在相关的横过部分处夹持并密封管2以形成相关的密封带5。
在包装机的第一替代方案中,成形组件3沿着相应的导向器移动并与管2周期地相互作用以将管2的包装材料热封。每个成形组件3包括:可沿着相应的导向器来回地移动的滑动件;以及夹具6和配对夹具,夹具6和配对夹具在相应的滑动件的底部处铰接,并且在关闭位置和打开位置之间移动,在关闭位置夹具6和配对夹具与管2配合以将管2密封,而在打开位置,夹具6和配对夹具从管2分离。
在第二替代方案中,包装机包括限定相应的环状路径且安装有相应的数量的夹具6和对应的配对夹具的两个链式输送机。这两个路径具有大体上彼此面向且平行的相应的分支,并且,在分支之间供给包装材料的管2,以便一个输送机上的夹具6与另一输送机上的对应的配对夹具沿着相应的路径的所述分支配合,以在许多连续的横过部分处夹持管,并且,将包装件密封并切割。
超声波发生器1大体上包括(图2至图4):
-单件式头部15,其限定沿着方向A延伸的密封表面14;和
-唯一的驱动单元12,其连接至头部15且包括多个堆叠的压电元件13。
此外,包装机包括:
-唯一的交流发电机(未示出),其与驱动单元12电连接;和
-外壳30(图1和图7),其容纳头部15。
更详细地,头部15由彼此相对的一对壁16、17以及彼此相对且***壁16、17之间的一对壁18、19定界。
壁16限定密封表面14。
头部15的沿着正交于密封表面14的方向B测得的高度H等于沿着方向B振荡的波的波长的一半。
头部15包括连续的边缘20,边缘20成形为闭合线且限定头部15的振荡的节线。
换句话说,当驱动单元12的压电元件13引起头部15的剩余的部分的振荡时,边缘20的点大体上不振荡。
此外,边缘20的点限定所谓的节面,具体地,正交于方向B的所谓的节平面P。
边缘20大体上包括平行于方向A的两个段25以及正交于段25且在其相对的端部处弄圆至段25的两个段26。
此外,平面P将头部15分成第一部分21和第二部分22。
部分21、22相应地包括壁16、17。
部分21的厚度起初是恒定的,然后从表面14朝向边缘20增大。
每个部分21、22还包括相应的成对的槽23、27,槽23、27沿着方向B伸长且从壁18至壁19穿过头部15。
槽23完全地在部分21内延伸,槽27完全地在部分22内延伸,并且,槽23、27在离平面P某一距离处延伸。
换句话说,槽23、27分离,因此,不横过平面P。
换句话说,槽23、27在离平面P某一距离处间断。
具体地,槽23在边缘20与密封表面14之间延伸其整个长度。
超声波发生器1还包括平行于方向B的对称中间面M(图3和图4)。
槽23有利地平行于相对于方向A、B两者都倾斜的相应的方向C而延伸,并且,各自与平面M限定角α,并因此与方向B限定角α。
角α是锐角。
槽23相对于平面M对称延伸,因此,各角α彼此相等。
具体地,沿着方向B从平面P前进至表面14,槽23朝向彼此会聚。
以完全相同的方式,槽27平行于相对于方向A、B两者都倾斜的相应的方向D而延伸,并且,各自与平面M限定锐角β,并因此与方向B限定锐角β。
槽27相对于平面M对称地延伸,因此,角β彼此相等。
具体地,沿着方向B朝向平面P前进,槽27朝向彼此会聚。
在所示出的实施例中,角α小于角β(图3)。
每个角α范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
在所示出的实施例中,角α等于6度+/-0.5度。
每个角β范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
在所示出的实施例中,角β等于21度+/-0.5度。
槽23、27穿过头部15,并且,在其相对的端部处弄圆。
每个槽23具有范围在20.7与25.3mm之间的长度,在端部处不具有圆。
在所示出的实施例中,每个槽23具有23mm+/-0.5mm的长度。
每个槽27具有范围在14.85与18.15mm之间的长度,在端部处不具有圆。
在所示出的实施例中,每个槽27具有16.5mm+/-0.1mm的长度。
部分22限定用于驱动单元12的座部24。
座部24由两个圆筒形表面75限定(图2至图4),这两个圆筒形表面75布置于平面M的相对侧,并且,驱动单元12在两个圆筒形表面75之间沿着方向B延伸。
具体地,表面75与驱动单元12通过环形间隙分离。
此外,壁17包括成对的缓解区域71(图2和图3)。
更详细地,壁17包括:
-成对的区域70,其布置于平面M的相对侧;
-缓解区域71,其布置于座部24的相对的横向侧,并且,各自***座部24与相关的区域70之间;以及
-成对的肩部72,其各自将相关的区域70与对应的区域71划分开。
区域71限定对应的表面75的位于平面P的相对侧的相应的大体上环形的边缘73。
区域71比区域70沿着方向B更靠***面P。
超声波发生器1还包括(图4):
-螺柱60,其安装于头部15,并且,限定由驱动单元12接合的孔;和
-螺母61,其用螺丝拧紧至螺柱60,并且,将驱动单元12牢固地连接至头部15。
在所示出的实施例中,螺柱60由钛制成。
头部15沿着边缘20连接至外壳30。
外壳30包括(图1和图7):
-箱状元件31,其容纳头部15的部分22;
-板32,其与元件31的与密封表面14相对的一侧配合;以及
-连接器35,其用于将压电元件13连接至发电机,并且,在与头部15相对的一侧与板32配合。
元件31在与板32相对的一侧包括端部边缘36。
边缘36为矩形,并且,包括平行于方向A的两条长边37a、37b以及正交于两边37a、37b并***两边37a、37b之间的两条短边38a、38b。
外壳30还包括:
-元件45,其通过板46和横杆47形成,横杆47平行于方向A而伸长并从板46向下突出;
-板49,其通过多个螺钉而安装于元件45,并且,平行于平面M而延伸;以及
-横杆50,其正交于方向B。
元件45、板49和横杆50限定容纳头部15的部分21的中空隔间。
元件45通过多个螺钉51而连接至端部边缘36的边37a,而横杆50通过多个螺钉52而连接至端部边缘36的边37b。
以该方式,螺钉51、52相应地将元件45和横杆50沿着端部边缘36的边37a、37b连接至元件31。
外壳30通过多个(在所示出的实施例中为四个)不可见的螺钉而连接至夹具6。
参考图6,在所示出的实施例中,砧9是专利EP-B-615907中所描述并图示的类型,并且,大体上由两个分离的顶部部分62和底部部分63限定,在顶部部分62与底部部分63之间限定有用于容纳刀65的座部64。非常简单地说,刀65以滑动方式容纳于砧9的座部64的内侧,并且,由已知的致动装置(未示出)控制,以在横向密封带5处切割管2,并因此使由成形组件3产生且将被折叠成成品形状的包装与条4分离。
在下文中仅参考成对的夹具6和配对夹具而描述超声波发生器1的操作,并且,从夹具6和配对夹具处于封闭构型且在横过部分处夹持管2的构型开始描述。
在这样的构型中,超声波发生器1与砧9配合并将管2的横过部分夹持于两者之间。
在此阶段,发电机给驱动单元12馈送定值的交流电,从而造成压电元件13的超声振动,并因此造成超声波发生器1的超声振动。
超声波发生器1的超声振动导致管2的密封和密封带5的形成。
具体地,当超声波发生器1振动时,连续的封闭边缘20不振荡。
实际上:
-边缘20布置成抵靠外壳30的元件31的端部边缘36;
-外壳30的元件31沿着端部边缘36的边37a、37b连接至元件45和横杆50;并且,
-外壳30的端部边缘36连接至夹具6。
换句话说,边缘20形成超声波发生器1的连续的封闭节线。
一旦驱动单元12停用,并且,在将夹具6和配对夹具打开以开始下一个成形循环之前,就将刀65启动并从砧9中的座部64排出,以沿着相关的密封带5切割包装材料并因此使随后折叠成成品形状的相关的枕状包装件从管2分离。
根据本发明的超声波发生器1的优点将从前面的描述显而易见。
具体地,槽23、27沿着相对于超声波发生器1的对称平面M而倾斜的相应的方向C、D延伸。
在这方面,申请人已发现,槽23、27的上文提到的设计使得超声波发生器1的振动的幅度相对于沿着表面14的位置特别地均匀(参见图9)。
事实上,超声波发生器1的振动的幅度与沿着表面14的位置的关系曲线图(参见图9)大体上是恒定的。
以该方式,包装材料接触表面14的所有点达到将被超声波发生器1热封的必要的温度。
此外,申请人已发现,槽23、27的上文提到的设计使得即使当不均匀的负荷施加于夹具6和配对夹具上时,超声波发生器1的振动的幅度也特别地稳定。
最后,申请人已发现,槽23、27的上文提到的设计将寄生振动频率与超声波发生器1的主振动频率隔开(参见图8)。
事实上,超声波发生器1的振动的阻抗Z和相位γ的图表具有彼此隔开的谐振最小值Zl、Z2与频率f的关系曲线。
详细地,阻抗Z等于施加于驱动单元12的电压与由此产生的通过同一驱动单元12的压电叠堆的交流电之间的复合比。
因此,最小值Zl、Z2大体上对应于上文提到的交流电的最大值并因此对应于超声波发生器1的振荡的最大值。
具体地,最小值Zl对应于期望的工作频率,而最小值Z2对应于寄生频率。
由于最小值Zl、Z2与频率f相比而彼此隔开,因而通过超声波发生器1的表面14而获得的密封件的密封时间和紧密度提高。
超声波发生器1将上文提到的优点与能够容易地改造现有的包装机以便实现容积为大约200ml的包装上的高效横向密封的事实结合。
事实上,由于其包括唯一的驱动单元12和唯一的密封表面14这一事实,因此,超声波发生器1克服如EP-615907中所公开的超声波发生器中的起源于两个分离的密封表面的存在的缺陷。
此外,表面14的长度能够毫无问题地制成基本上等于密封于容积为大约200ml的包装上的横向密封件的长度。以该方式,不同于具有太长的密封表面的WO-A-2007/020208和WO-A-2011/117119中所示出的超声波发生器,超声波发生器1能够容易地取代现有的包装机上的EP-615907中所公开的类型的成对的超声波发生器。
另外,由于驱动单元12通过使用螺柱60和螺母61而连接至头部15,因而有可能给驱动单元12提供比本描述的引言部分中所讨论的已知的超声波发生器的通常馈送给多个驱动单元的电力更多的电力。
最后,由于其包括唯一的驱动单元12这一事实,因而超声波发生器1能够通过仅使用一个发电机而将容积为大约200ml的包装横向地密封。
然而,显而易见,在不背离本发明的范围的情况下,可以对本文中所描述的超声波发生器1作出改变。
具体地,头部15能够仅包括槽23或仅包括槽27。
具体地,代替边缘20,头部15能够包括连接至夹具6的多个攻击元件。
在该情况下,攻击元件限定头部15的相应的节点且位于平面P上,而槽23、27与平面P分离。

Claims (88)

1.一种超声波发生器(1),其包括:
-头部(15),其限定沿着正交于第二方向(B)的第一方向(A)伸长的密封表面(14);和
-至少成对的第一槽(23),其横向于所述第一方向(A)延伸穿过所述头部(15)并且平行于相对于所述第一方向(A)和第二方向(B)两者都倾斜的相应的第三方向(C)延伸;
所述第三方向(C)与所述第二方向(B)限定相应的第一角(α)并且所述第三方向(C)相对于所述超声波发生器(1)的平行于第二方向(B)的对称平面(M)对称,其中所述第一槽(23)朝向所述密封表面(14)会聚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括沿着相对于所述第一方向(A)和第二方向(B)两者都倾斜的各自的第四方向(D)延伸的成对的第二槽(27);
所述第四方向(D)相对于所述超声波发生器(1)的平行于第二方向(B)的所述对称平面(M)对称,并且,各自与所述平面(M)限定第二角(β)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,第二槽(27)朝向所述密封表面(14)会聚。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括节平面(P),所述头部(15)在该节平面(P)处的振荡的幅度基本上等于零且该节平面(P)将所述头部(15)分成第一部分(21)和第二部分(22);
所述密封表面(14)由所述头部(15)的所述第一部分(21)限定;
所述第一槽(23)完全在所述第一部分(21)内延伸;
所述第二槽(27)完全在所述第二部分(22)内延伸。
5.根据权利要求2至3中的任一项所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)和所述第二角(β)是锐角,并且,所述第一角(α)小于所述第二角(β)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)和所述第二角(β)是锐角,并且,所述第一角(α)小于所述第二角(β)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括能由唯一的发电机馈送电以便引起所述头部(15)的振荡的唯一的驱动单元(12)。
8.根据权利要求2-3中的任一项所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括能由唯一的发电机馈送电以便引起所述头部(15)的振荡的唯一的驱动单元(12)。
9.根据权利要求4所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括能由唯一的发电机馈送电以便引起所述头部(15)的振荡的唯一的驱动单元(12)。
10.根据权利要求5所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括能由唯一的发电机馈送电以便引起所述头部(15)的振荡的唯一的驱动单元(12)。
11.根据权利要求6所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括能由唯一的发电机馈送电以便引起所述头部(15)的振荡的唯一的驱动单元(12)。
12.根据权利要求7所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括用于将所述驱动单元(12)连接至所述头部(15)的连接装置(60、61);
所述连接装置(60、61)进而包括:
-螺母(61),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的一个;和
-螺柱(60),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的另一个。
13.根据权利要求8所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括用于将所述驱动单元(12)连接至所述头部(15)的连接装置(60、61);
所述连接装置(60、61)进而包括:
-螺母(61),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的一个;和
-螺柱(60),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的另一个。
14.根据权利要求9所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括用于将所述驱动单元(12)连接至所述头部(15)的连接装置(60、61);
所述连接装置(60、61)进而包括:
-螺母(61),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的一个;和
-螺柱(60),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的另一个。
15.根据权利要求10所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括用于将所述驱动单元(12)连接至所述头部(15)的连接装置(60、61);
所述连接装置(60、61)进而包括:
-螺母(61),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的一个;和
-螺柱(60),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的另一个。
16.根据权利要求11所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括用于将所述驱动单元(12)连接至所述头部(15)的连接装置(60、61);
所述连接装置(60、61)进而包括:
-螺母(61),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的一个;和
-螺柱(60),其连接至所述驱动单元(12)和所述头部(15)中的另一个。
17.根据权利要求1所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
18.根据权利要求2-3中的任一项所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
19.根据权利要求4所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
20.根据权利要求5所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
21.根据权利要求6所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
22.根据权利要求7所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
23.根据权利要求8所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
24.根据权利要求9所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
25.根据权利要求10所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
26.根据权利要求11所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
27.根据权利要求12所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
28.根据权利要求13所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
29.根据权利要求14所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
30.根据权利要求15所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
31.根据权利要求16所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)的沿着横向于所述密封表面(14)的所述第二方向(B)测得的高度(H)基本上等于沿所述第二方向(B)的方向振荡的波的波长的一半。
32.根据权利要求7所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
33.根据权利要求8所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
34.根据权利要求9或11所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
35.根据权利要求10所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
36.根据权利要求12所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
37.根据权利要求13所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
38.根据权利要求14或16所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
39.根据权利要求15所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
40.根据权利要求22所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
41.根据权利要求23所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
42.根据权利要求24或26所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
43.根据权利要求25所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
44.根据权利要求27所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
45.根据权利要求28所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
46.根据权利要求29或31所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
47.根据权利要求30所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述头部(15)包括:
-用于所述驱动单元(12)的座部(24);和
-端部壁(17),其与所述密封表面(14)相对,并且,限定包围所述座部(24)的成对的缓解区域(71)。
48.根据权利要求4所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
49.根据权利要求6所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
50.根据权利要求9或11所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
51.根据权利要求14或16所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
52.根据权利要求19所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
53.根据权利要求21所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
54.根据权利要求24或26所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
55.根据权利要求29或31所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
56.根据权利要求34所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
57.根据权利要求38所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
58.根据权利要求42所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
59.根据权利要求46所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,包括容纳所述头部(15)且能连接至包装机的外壳(30);并且,所述头部(15)包括位于所述节平面(P)上的边缘(20);
所述头部(15)沿着所述边缘(20)连接至所述外壳(30)。
60.根据权利要求1、7、12、17、22、27、32、36、40和44中的任一项所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
61.根据权利要求2-3、6、9-11、13-16、19-21、23-26、28-31、33、35、37、39、41、43、45、47-49、52-53和56-59中的任一项所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
62.根据权利要求4所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
63.根据权利要求5所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
64.根据权利要求8所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
65.根据权利要求18所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
66.根据权利要求34所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
67.根据权利要求38所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
68.根据权利要求42所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
69.根据权利要求46所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
70.根据权利要求50所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
71.根据权利要求51所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
72.根据权利要求54所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
73.根据权利要求55所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第一角(α)的范围在5.4与6.6度之间。
74.根据权利要求2-3、6、9-11、13-16、19-21、23-26、28-31、33、35、37、39、41、43、45、47-49、52-53、56-59和62-65中的任一项所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
75.根据权利要求4所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
76.根据权利要求5所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
77.根据权利要求8所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
78.根据权利要求18所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
79.根据权利要求34所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
80.根据权利要求38所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
81.根据权利要求42所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
82.根据权利要求46所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
83.根据权利要求50所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
84.根据权利要求51所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
85.根据权利要求54所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
86.根据权利要求55所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
87.根据权利要求61所述的超声波发生器,其特征在于,所述第二角(β)的范围在18.9与23.1度之间。
88.一种用于从沿着垂直路径(Q)供给的包装材料的管(2)生产可倾倒的食品的密封包装的包装机,所述管(2)以所述食品连续地填充并在等间隔的横过部分处被夹持,所述包装机包括:
-密封装置,其用于将所述管(2)的包装材料沿着所述横过部分密封;
所述密封装置包括砧(9)和超声波发生器(1);
其特征在于,所述超声波发生器(1)是根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的超声波发生器(1)。
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