CN1050254A - Steel ball spiral transmission device capable of being opened and closed quickly - Google Patents

Steel ball spiral transmission device capable of being opened and closed quickly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1050254A
CN1050254A CN 90106600 CN90106600A CN1050254A CN 1050254 A CN1050254 A CN 1050254A CN 90106600 CN90106600 CN 90106600 CN 90106600 A CN90106600 A CN 90106600A CN 1050254 A CN1050254 A CN 1050254A
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China
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steel ball
screw
nut sleeve
leading screw
maintainance set
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CN 90106600
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CN1015070B (en
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王俊卿
赵玉兰
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Individual
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Priority to CN 90106600 priority Critical patent/CN1015070B/en
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Publication of CN1015070B publication Critical patent/CN1015070B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

A steel ball screw drive device capable of being opened and closed quickly takes steel balls as opening and closing media, a steel ball retaining sleeve is arranged between a nut sleeve and a lead screw, holes which are arranged in a spiral shape are arranged on the steel ball retaining sleeve, and steel balls are placed in the holes. The nut sleeve, the lead screw and the steel ball retaining sleeve can be fixed at will, and can be used for quick opening and closing screw transmission in different occasions. The nut opening and closing mechanism is applied to a lathe nut opening and closing mechanism and has the unique functions of automatic stopping and no disordered fastening. The quick opening and closing screw transmission device is applied to quick opening and closing screw transmission of bench vices, machine flat tongs and machine tool tailstocks, has a quick advance and retreat function, and simultaneously keeps a slow advance and retreat function of traditional screw transmission. The automatic feeding device is applied to feeding of a machine tool, can automatically stop feeding, and is easy to realize automatic control.

Description

The steel ball spiral actuator of quickly opening and closing
The present invention is a kind of steel ball spiral actuator that can quickly opening and closing, belongs to mechanical power screw field.
Power screw are used many and wide, and almost each machinery all be can't do without.Power screw have sliding friction and two kinds of ways of contact of rolling friction, and the latter is used for precision drive more.It is the half nuts of lathe that the quickly opening and closing device of spiral is used most typical, its shortcoming be accuracy of manufacturing wayward, be difficult for being incorporated into the end and influence machining accuracy, be difficult for realizing automation control.The ball screw spiral transmission accuracy is high but can not quickly opening and closing.In recent years, the nut body of several quickly opening and closings occurred, be used for the power screw of bench vice, as Chinese patent 882043439,882057804, its shortcoming is mechanism and manufacturing process more complicated, can not large size popularize.The shortcoming of the quickly opening and closing mechanism of Chinese patent 87213118 is to clamp the stroke weak point, can not finish continuously feed motion at a slow speed, has lost the function of traditional bench vice.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, good manufacturability, can quickly opening and closing the fast advance and retreat steel ball spiral actuator that all has of feeding at a slow speed, can be applicable to the power screw of lathe, realize automatic feed-disabling, disorderly do not detain, be easy to realize automatic control.Be applied to the power screw of mechanisms such as bench vice, machine vise, tailstock tool, anchor clamps, can realize fast advance and retreat, again the slow-motion that can the keep traditional working method of moving back slowly.
Feature of the present invention is that a steel ball maintainance set is arranged between leading screw and nut sleeve, is arranged in spiral helicine hole having put, and places steel ball in the hole.Can be arbitrarily between its nut sleeve, steel ball maintainance set, the leading screw three fixing one spare, can be used on the quickly opening and closing power screw of different occasions, reach different needs of work.Have axial straight trough type on the interior circle of nut sleeve, radially screw type is enough held the cavity of steel ball.Mobile steel ball maintainance set or nut sleeve can be realized folding fast.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with Figure of description.
Figure one is that the present invention is applied to bench vice, tailstock tool, the structural representation of aspects such as anchor clamps.
Figure two, figure three are that the present invention is applied to bench vice, the position view on the tailstock tool.
Structural representation when figure four is fast advance and retreats of the present invention.
Figure five is enlarged diagrams of leading screw pattern.Exemplify two kinds of leading screw spiral chute patterns among the figure.
Figure six is schematic representation that the present invention is applied in an embodiment of machine tool lead screw screw-drive mechanism.
Figure seven is schematic representation that the present invention is applied to an embodiment of lathe leading screw screw-drive mechanism.
Sequence number 1, leading screw 2, steel ball 3, nut sleeve in the drawings
4, steel ball maintainance set 5, locating stud 6, spring sheet 7, friction plate
8, positioning screwn 9, the pin 10 of living, screw 11, anti-locking plate
12, spring sheet 13, fixed body 14, cam pin 15, check ring
16, locking nut 17, lock washer 18, right support 19, spring
20, left socle 21, stop into guide finger 22, stop into interstage sleeve
23, Cock screw 24, key 25, pin 26, Joystick
27, positioning screwn 28, latch 29, steel ball 30, spring
31, cover 32, gear 33, bearing 34, planker casing
35, positioning retainer ring 36, shift fork 37, positioning retainer ring 38, stop into guide finger 39, planker casing 40, guider screw 41, locking nut 42, stop into setting sleeve 43, idle wheel 44, feed rod gear 45, feather key 46, feed rod 47, positioning device
The present invention is applied to bench vice, during the power screw of tailstock tool, its motion is to realize like this (referring to figure one, figure two, figure three), during work, as the leading screw 1 that turns clockwise, under spring sheet 6 effects, the friction plate 7 that is close on the leading screw outer surface also and then rotates (friction plate 7 under the effect of frictional force, spring sheet 6,5 three of locating studs are riveted together, and are inserted on the steel ball maintainance set 4), the rotation drive steel ball 2 of steel ball maintainance set 4 moves to the leading screw spiral chute from the cavity of nut sleeve 3, after the steel ball maintainance set rotates a certain angle, the screw 8 that is positioned blocks, and at this moment steel ball 2 has slided between the arc spiral groove of the inner headed face of nut sleeve 3 and leading screw 1 (referring to figure five), plays the threaded function (referring to the position among the figure one) of nut, continue rotating threaded shaft, bench vice or tailstock are done feed movement at a slow speed.Counterrotating leading screw 1, the friction plate 7 same steel ball maintainance sets 4 that drive rotate, promote the cavity center place of steel ball 2 to nut sleeve 3, the screw 8 that is positioned blocks, at this moment the push-and-pull leading screw 1, steel ball is just jumped out the cavity that enters into nut sleeve in the leading screw spiral chute, but just fast advance and retreat (position among the figure four) of the moving caliper of bench vice or barrel of tail stock.When working again, only need moving caliper or sleeve are pushed into the working position, the leading screw 1 that turns clockwise again, this mechanism just can enter into the working state of feeding at a slow speed automatically as previously mentioned, and feeding distance can reach limit position at a slow speed.The operating mode that slow-motion is moved back slowly as need, only need in the process of slow-motion, cam pin 14 Rotate 180 degree, the pin 9 of living is inserted in the groove of steel ball maintainance set 4, and the steel ball maintainance set just is fixed, and can not move, steel ball 2 is blocked also by the inner headed face of nut sleeve in the hole of steel ball maintainance set and is positioned, at this moment this mechanism loses the fast advance and retreat function, and forward and reverse rotational lead screw can only be advanced and retreat at a slow speed, keeps the repertoire of traditional bench vice or tailstock.
In order to improve the mechanical strength of leading screw, the spiral chute pattern of leading screw can adopt single circular arc or two circular arc (referring to figure five), the diameter of steel ball should be less than the pitch of leading screw, and the 3/4-2/3 that the spiral fluted degree of depth is got the steel ball radius is advisable, so that leading screw can be released steel ball from maintainance set.Leave narrower periphery between the leading screw spiral chute that processes like this, form a α angle, just in time be in the α angle, will produce self-locking (as the position among the figure four) as steel ball with nut sleeve cavity inclined-plane.For wall is exempted from locking phenomenon, make keyway to one in the axial straight trough cavity of nut sleeve, tabular anti-locking plate 11, spring sheet 12 and guide positioning pin (three are riveted together) in keyway, have been put, its effect is when steel ball does not enter the leading screw spiral chute, blocked by keyway, and the steel ball maintainance set can not be rotated, have only when steel ball enters into spiral chute, anti-locking plate and spring sheet eject keyway to steel ball, the steel ball maintainance set could rotate, simultaneously other steel ball is pushed the leading screw spiral chute, thereby avoided locking phenomenon.
The present invention has following advantage when being applied to bench vice, machine vise, tailstock tool, frock jig:
1. kept traditional working method, i.e. slow-motion is moved back slowly.
2. increase fast advance and retreat, improved work efficiency, alleviated labor intensity.
3. folding speed is fast, and leading screw rotation is changeed less than one when closing " nut ", 1/4 right side of turning left of only need reversing when opening " nut ".
4. structure and manufacturing process are simple, and circular arc leading screw precision is easily protected easy processing, but extrusion moulding is lower than trapezoidal screw processing charges; Nut sleeve is that integral body processes, the intensity height, and several roads straight trough cavity is inserted, is drawn all and can be shaped; Steel ball positioning hole on the steel ball maintainance set can directly get out with drill jig; The steel ball low price can be purchased everywhere, so this mechanism is more or less the same with the traditional mechanism cost.
5. long service life is a steel ball because of what participate in work, and precision and hardness are all higher, and is little with the leading screw friction factor, and steel ball has the factor of rotation, so working life, comparable traditional leading screw screw pair prolonged greatly.
Working principle when the present invention is applied to lathe or special plane power screw and is applied to bench vice is similar substantially, and different is, and that the steel ball maintainance set is fixed is motionless, the screw interplanting axially and radial displacement, the motion of control steel ball reaches the purpose of quickly opening and closing.
When lathe needs feeding (referring to figure six), press lower handle 26, compressing steel ball 2 in the inclined-plane of axial straight trough cavity on the nut sleeve 3, make steel ball enter the spiral chute of leading screw, the pin 27 that is positioned blocks, steel ball keeps being fixed in the trepanning at the inner headed face and the steel ball of nut sleeve, plays the effect of screw internal thread, and at this moment lathe is made feed motion.When lathe worker puts in place, stop into guide finger 21 and stopped into that interstage sleeve 22 blocks (annotate: stopping into, interstage sleeve 22 mixes up fixed-site in advance on leading screw or fixed body), moving right promotes nut sleeve 3, pressure spring 19, and the inner headed face of nut sleeve is abdicated steel ball 2, under the effect of leading screw, steel ball enters the spiral chute cavity (different with the bench vice structure, nut sleeve has the screw cavity again except that axial straight trough cavity is arranged, and two chambeies are staggered to communicate) of nut sleeve, break away from the lathe feed-disabling with leading screw.At this moment lift handle 26, make steel ball enter into the straight trough cavity, lathe is return initial position, beginning feeding for the second time from the nut sleeve spiraled cavity.
In order to prevent the locking phenomenon shown in figure four, this mechanism also as bench vice mechanism, makes keyway to one in the straight trough cavity on the nut sleeve into, anti-locking plate 11, spring sheet 12 is inserted in the hole at keyway center after 5 three riveted joints of locating stud, and is the same when preventing the lock principle and being applied in bench vice.
The advantage that the present invention is applied to lathe or special plane is:
1. have and stop motion device automatically, stop into that setting sleeve is contained on the leading screw, this can not put in some occasion positive meaning when electrical equipment stops into.
2. leading screw can turn round as usual when lathe was advanced and retreat, and this can have significant protective effect to motor and machinery when some short stroke is frequently advanced and retreat.
Figure seven is that the present invention is applied to embodiment's schematic representation that nut is closed in the power screw of lathe leading screw soon.
The feature of this mechanism is that an adjustable positioning device 47 is arranged in the rear end of leading screw, or adds a buting iron in the planker back, all needs planker is close to positioning device before each feeding; Nut sleeve and steel ball maintainance set splined can move axially; Nut sleeve has the helical cavity; Leading screw can with the steel ball maintainance set simultaneously in the same way or counterrotating, produce differential motion; The steel ball maintainance set was not fixed when institute's machining screw was not disorderly detained, and did not rotate; Also leading screw can be fixed, only utilize steel ball maintainance set and nut sleeve to rotate, promote steel ball and move along the leading screw spiral chute; Make main shaft obtain the turn over number, reach not the disorderly purpose of button.So this mechanism need not use thread chasing dial, only need mix suitable change gear.
The structure of this mechanism is such: be placed with steel ball in the hole of steel ball maintainance set, be sleeved on the leading screw, have an end of convex shoulder that gear 32 is arranged, the other end is fixed on the bearing 33 of planker casing 34,49 with locking nut.Nut sleeve 3 is sleeved on the splined shaft of steel ball maintainance set one end (figure seven A-A sectional drawings), makes it can axial displacement, about positioning device 37,35 is arranged.Have the helical cavity on the nut sleeve, the arrangement helical pitch in hole is identical with the helical pitch and the rotation direction of leading screw 1 on its lead of screw and the steel ball maintainance set.Stop into that guide finger 38 usefulness guider screws 40 are positioned on the planker casing 39, can move axially.Stopping into, interstage sleeve 42 is sleeved on the leading screw or is contained on the lathe bed.Gear 44 rotates in the cover of gusset, and keeps moving axially with feed rod 46 usefulness feather keys, and during the feed rod rotation, gear 44 is passed to gear 32 to power by idle wheel 43, drives the steel ball maintainance set and rotates.Idle wheel 43 can be pulled down easily, has a location device that gear 32 is fixed after pulling down, and makes it can not rotate (not drawing among the figure).Gear 32 and steel ball maintainance set splined.The leading screw end has a location device, leading screw can be fixed (not drawing among the figure).There is a location device 47 the planker back, planker can be blocked, and mixes up behind the position fixingly, and planker can not be retreated again.
The working principle of this mechanism is such: when with the machined into screw thread, in case of disorderly detaining screw thread, the akin pitch number of disorderly not detaining of optional and machining screw, pitch as leading screw 1 is the pitch requirement 1.25mm of 12mm part, as processing with conventional method, disorderly the button number is 5, need to use thread chasing dial, now only need to select not disorderly the pitch 1.5mm of button or the change gear of 1mm, this and part require to differ 0.25mm, the method that we adopt rotation steel ball maintainance set and leading screw to produce differential solves, and its differential value is that main shaft whenever revolves and turns around ± 0.25mm, makes the thread pitch maintenance 1.25mm that processes.
And for example, institute's machining screw pitch is 8mm, disorderly the button number is 2, now selects the pitch change gear of 6mm, differs 2mm with part, we adopt the method for rotation steel ball maintainance set to solve, sense of rotation is opposite with leading screw, even leading screw promotes planker feeding 6mm, the steel ball maintainance set promotes planker feeding 2mm simultaneously, making the pitch of part is 8mm, meets the drawing requirement.
We can also be fixing with leading screw 1, and feed motion is rotated by gear driven steel ball maintainance set by feed rod to be finished.As processing accessories pitch 5.5mm, disorderly the button number is 11, needs to use thread chasing dial, now leading screw is fixed, and the rotating speed of choose reasonable steel ball maintainance set whenever turns around main shaft, steel ball maintainance set rotation 5.5/12 circle, and promptly feeding 5.5mm meets the requirements part.
As mentioned above, can only reach part pitch meets the requirements, but otherwise disorderly detain, also need adjust stationary positioned device 47, specific operation are as follows, before feeding first cutter, planker is shaken to the working position, both the suitable distance of part front end, positioning device 47 is withstood the planker rear end fix (position is to withstand steel ball maintainance set end face among the figure seven), its effect is to make these facility that memory function be arranged, both each feeding all thus the position begin, make it forget about leading screw pitch, only remember the differential pitch that position thus begins, because of making main shaft, differential effect obtains the turn over number again, so, can reach not the disorderly purpose of button.But when processing accessories pitch surpasses the pitch of leading screw 1, because of the once above intersection of the rotation of leading screw and steel ball maintainance set, and make main axis rotation can not obtain the turn over number, so still have random button, as part pitch 24mm, main shaft turns around, and leading screw or steel ball maintainance set change two circles (or respectively turning around), has secondary to intersect, disorderly the button number is 2, Yin Ben mechanism has only the fine pitch memory function within the leading screw pitch, so processing will be noted processing method during large screw pitch, but the reverse-starting braking operation withdrawing.In whole course of working, institute mentions and takes turns and can not throw off, and the feeding of also must not midway closing a floodgate must be along after being close to positioning device 47 with planker, the feeding of closing a floodgate again, otherwise this mechanism does not have memory function, and must be along tool setting again.
Concrete motion is such: select the suitable mutually machine spindle speed n of processing accessories 1. 12. select the change gear mode of leading screw, feed rod, a, steel ball maintainance set are fixed, and are used for not disorderly button screw thread processing, and computational methods are the same with routine, but need pull down idle wheel 43.B, leading screw are fixed, and drive the rotation of steel ball maintainance set, feed rod rotating speed by the feed rod driven gear
n=- (t 2)/(t) × (a)/(a 1) ×n 1(1)
The differential motion that c, leading screw and steel ball maintainance set rotate simultaneously, select earlier random button with the akin pitch of part pitch, calculate the rotating speed of feed rod again
n= (n 1(t 1-t 2))/(t) × (a)/(a 1) (2)
In the formula (1) (2): the rotating speed of n-feed rod 46, rev/min;
n 1The rotating speed of-machine tool chief axis, rev/min;
The pitch of t-leading screw 1;
t 1-selected pitch of disorderly not detaining;
t 2The desired pitch of-processing accessories;
The number of teeth of a-feed rod gear 44;
a 1 Cog 32 the number of teeth of-steel ball maintainance set.
Its value on the occasion of the time, feed rod 46 and the equidirectional rotation of leading screw, during negative value and the leading screw opposite spin, (2) formula should adopt as far as possible on the occasion of, make both equidirectional rotations.3. start lathe, planker is close to positioning device 47, by active handle shift fork 36 is moved to left, promote nut sleeve 3 and move to left, steel ball 2 is compressed into the spiral chute of leading screw 1, planker begins feeding.When lathe tool car during, stop into guide finger 38 and stopped into that interstage sleeve 42 blocks move to right (location interstage sleeve 42 mixes up the position in advance, is fixed on the leading screw) to the part clearance groov, promoting nut sleeve 3 moves to right, handle lifts automatically, and steel ball 2 is skidded off from the spiral chute of leading screw 1, and planker is a feed-disabling.4. withdrawing shakes back saddle and leans against on the positioning device 47, prepares the processing of second cutter, and Yin Ben mechanism has memory function, so, press active handle, make fork promote nut sleeve and move to left, treat that steel ball enters in the spiral chute of leading screw, promptly begin feeding for the second time.
Transmission and feed mechanism that this mechanism also can make lathe, special plane use.
The present invention is applied to lathe leading screw feed mechanism following advantage:
1. processing fine pitch screw thread is not disorderly detained, and need not use thread chasing dial, has increased lathe function.
2. automatic feed-disabling, this has significant protective effect when the internal thread of turning awns hole.
3. it is good to close the tooth precision, can not produce not on earth phenomenon of traditional halfnut close tooth.
4. it is fast to close tooth speed, can close within leading screw is goed around, and not being subjected to disorderly, the button number limits.
5. intensity height, nut sleeve is a full circle, and is stressed better than two half-nuts of tradition.
6. precision height, this spiral motion pair can make machining accuracy improve.
7. easily realize control automatically, can be used on automatic lathe or machining center.
8. long service life (the same bench vice of advantage).
9. the repertoire that has kept traditional lead screw transmission is as reverse-starting braking operation withdrawing etc.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of screw-drive mechanism of energy quickly opening and closing is made up of leading screw 1, steel ball 2 etc., it is characterized in that an end has the steel ball maintainance set 4 of convex shoulder to be sleeved between leading screw 1 and the nut sleeve 3; Have groove shape cavity on the inner headed face of nut sleeve 3; Hole on the steel ball maintainance set 4 is arranged in helical, puts steel ball 2 in the hole, and its helical pitch is identical with the helical pitch and the rotation direction of leading screw 1 with rotation direction; Leading screw 1, nut sleeve 3, steel ball maintainance set 4 can be respectively as fixed block.
2, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the cavity on the inner headed face of nut sleeve 3 is axial straight trough, spiral groove.Or two kinds of grooves is synthetic, and the lead of screw of spiral groove is identical with leading screw 1 with rotation direction, and axial straight trough cavity radially distributes, and one of them cavity is a key-way shape, is placed with tabular anti-locking plate 11, spring sheet 12, guide finger three's conjunction in the keyway.
3, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that on the steel ball maintainance set 4 the hole be arranged as helical, its helical pitch is identical with leading screw 1 with rotation direction, the diameter in hole is identical with steel ball 2, when the cavity on the inner headed face of nut sleeve 3 radially distributes, the cavity symmetry of the radially direct in hole and nut sleeve 3 on the steel ball maintainance set 4, an end of steel ball maintainance set 4 has convex shoulder.
4, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that its degree of depth of groove shape cavity on the inner headed face of nut sleeve 3 is less than the diameter of steel ball 2, one side cavity is inclined-plane or curved surface.
5, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that when nut sleeve 3 is fixed block, have an end of convex shoulder to have friction plate 7 to contact with the periphery of leading screw 1 at steel ball maintainance set 4, positioning screwn 8 has a pin 9 alive in the intermediate portion of nut sleeve in the groove of convex shoulder.
6, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the inner headed face of nut sleeve 3 has the cavity of straight trough and spiral groove when steel ball maintainance set 4 is fixed block, and stopping into, guide finger 21 contacts with an end face of nut sleeve 3.
7, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that when this mechanism is applied to the power screw of lathe leading screw, one end of steel ball maintainance set 4 is fixed with gear 32, be meshed with gear 44 on being enclosed within feed rod 46 by idle wheel 43, have a location device that gear 32 is fixing after idle wheel 43 is pulled down; Nut sleeve 3 connects with steel ball maintainance set 4 usefulness splines or false key, and guide finger 38 touches end face mutually with stopping into; Have spiral chute shape cavity on the inner headed face of nut sleeve, there is positioning device 37,35 both sides.
8, screw-drive mechanism as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that when this mechanism is applied to the lathe power screw, has positioning device 41,47 to be enclosed within on the leading screw 1 before and after the planker, can move axially, and has put Cock screw, cover can be fixed on the leading screw.
9, as claim 1,8 described screw-drive mechanisms, it is characterized in that positioning device 47,41 before and after the planker changes its shapes after, also can be fixed on the bed piece.
CN 90106600 1990-07-24 1990-07-24 Steel ball spiral transmission device capable of being opened and closed quickly Expired CN1015070B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 90106600 CN1015070B (en) 1990-07-24 1990-07-24 Steel ball spiral transmission device capable of being opened and closed quickly

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 90106600 CN1015070B (en) 1990-07-24 1990-07-24 Steel ball spiral transmission device capable of being opened and closed quickly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1050254A true CN1050254A (en) 1991-03-27
CN1015070B CN1015070B (en) 1991-12-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN 90106600 Expired CN1015070B (en) 1990-07-24 1990-07-24 Steel ball spiral transmission device capable of being opened and closed quickly

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110006574A (en) * 2019-04-19 2019-07-12 济南大学 Ball Screw Pair Friction Moment measuring device
CN114641635A (en) * 2019-11-11 2022-06-17 Gkn汽车有限公司 Actuator device and transmission device having such an actuator device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110006574A (en) * 2019-04-19 2019-07-12 济南大学 Ball Screw Pair Friction Moment measuring device
CN110006574B (en) * 2019-04-19 2020-12-01 济南大学 Friction moment measuring device of ball screw pair
CN114641635A (en) * 2019-11-11 2022-06-17 Gkn汽车有限公司 Actuator device and transmission device having such an actuator device
CN114641635B (en) * 2019-11-11 2024-03-26 Gkn汽车有限公司 Actuator device and transmission device having such an actuator device

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CN1015070B (en) 1991-12-11

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