CN105023621B - The implementation and its nuclear reactor of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction - Google Patents

The implementation and its nuclear reactor of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction Download PDF

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CN105023621B
CN105023621B CN201510321775.3A CN201510321775A CN105023621B CN 105023621 B CN105023621 B CN 105023621B CN 201510321775 A CN201510321775 A CN 201510321775A CN 105023621 B CN105023621 B CN 105023621B
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pond
slowing down
fuel
reactor
liquid
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CN105023621A (en
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陈安海
陈邦才
陈昆
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C1/00—Reactor types
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04—Constructional details
    • G21C3/16—Details of the construction within the casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of implementation and its nuclear reactor of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction.Main contents include：Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction implementation；Reactor modular design method；Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor；Reactor core；Fuel element；Core control system；Breed fuel system.Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary combustion thorium and nuke rubbish, have inherent safety.Reactor primary tank is made up of mutually completely isolated but coupled to each other fission pond with slowing down pond, and Main Coolant separates with moderator, is fissioned and is set thermal insulation layer between pond and slowing down pond, both can carry out neutron exchange but heat exchange is blocked；The degraded neutron that fast neutron and slowing down pond caused by fission pond reflect can make reactor core while carry out the coupling nuclear reaction of two class neutrons；Slowing down pond can be set core control system and implement to couple core control outside reactor core；Slowing down pond set thorium breed fuel system, can On-line testing breed fuel, nucleic separation it is safe and simple, provide a solution for " thorium reactor " technical bottleneck.

Description

The implementation and its nuclear reactor of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction
Technical field
The present invention relates to fission-type reactor and its method for operation.
Background technology
The nucleic conversion combination of known available heavy nuclear fission has two groups of U-238/Pu-239 and Th-232/U- on the earth 233, corresponding main nuclear fuel material is respectively：The former corresponds to natural uranium, nuke rubbish（Including depleted uranium）, it is thorium corresponding to the latter. Except nuclear fusion energy, it is known that the energy on the earth contained by thorium uranium is much larger than the summation of other fossil energy reserves, wherein thorium reserves It is bigger than uranium 4 times.If using fast reactor, nuclear fuel utilization can bring up to 60-70%, and optimistic estimation thinks that the whole world is available Thorium uranium resource can maintain the mankind's whole energy demands of more than 20,000 years.But the fuel of current main force's nuclear power technology-presurized water reactor Utilization rate only has trivial 0.17%（Calculated with natural uranium）, caused amount of nuclear waste is big, also the danger of high pressure blast.Obviously Presurized water reactor cannot function as the developing direction of following nuclear power, and nuclear power industry increasingly accepts opening for the advanced nuclear power based on fast reactor Hair, the Generation Ⅳ using HTGR and lead cold dome as representative starts to show up prominently, using ADS and thorium reactor as pushing hands The research and development of 5th generation nuclear power technology are also in quietly carrying out.
U-238/Pu-239 conversion has not been problem in fast reactor, but Th-232/U-233 conversion is just different, in Between product Pa-233 decay into U-233 long half time up to 27 days, decay completely needs 300 days, for reactor this when Between it is oversize, operation and control to reactor bring difficulty.Just dress main fuel U-233 acquisition is highly difficult, and main cause is：Thorium The gamma-rays of base spentnuclear fuel is strong；The extremely difficult dissolving of thorium base oxide sintered in spentnuclear fuel；Product in reactor core during reactor operation Tired Pa-233 easily captures neutron and is converted into not fissile element, can reduce U-233 yield.These problems do not obtain so far It is effective to solve, although the approach for being also using accelerator spallation neutron target irradiation Th-232 acquisitions U-233, because of high energy matter Sub- accelerator cost and energy consumption are too high, and are difficult to long-time steady operation, unsuitable large-scale promotion.It is generally acknowledged that best solution Approach is reactor On-line testing intermediate product Pa-233.
In thorium energy evolution, most unforgettable is " thorium fluoride MSR ", in the experiment of thorium fluoride MSR once Attempt the intermediate product Pa-233 of On-line testing thorium/uranium conversion.Regrettably this remarkable nuclear reactor has surmounted materialogy The limit, also there occurs the loop intercrystalline corrosion of danger in operation for the special Hastelloy-N alloys of most resistance to fused salt corrosion.Mesh Before capture MSR material corrosion problem possibility it is still remote, even if in the future captured material corrosion problem, it is high Material and operating cost are also by as being difficult to the ditch gone beyond.Two weakness also be present in MSR：The work(that primary Ioops fused salt undertakes Can be excessive, Multifunctional binding causes mutually to restrict；The primary Ioops fused salt of high radioactivity and complicated component must frequently carry out high consumption The purification process of energy, certainly online fused salt complex management and power consumption are big.
Twentieth century five, the sixties, U.S. Argonne laboratory R.AVERY et al. propose and research and develop too fast-thermal neutron coupling Breeder reactor is closed, reactor core includes fast neutron spectrum reactor core and thermal neutron spectrum reactor core, and fast neutron spectrum reactor core is steamed with saturation water Vapour makees moderator, and to obtain harder neutron energy spectrum, thermal neutron spectrum reactor core does moderator with pressure (hydraulic) water.Chinese scholar Zhang Yuman Breed nuclear reactor with the water cooling two-region that Li Yu ram proposed similar designs in 2008.The one nine six 〇 ages, in order to improve core The power station thermal efficiency, save nuclear fuel, GE（GE）Researched and developed and saturated vapor is produced in boiling-water reactor, and made reactor core Harder neutron energy spectrum is produced, forms fast-thermal neutron hybrid energy spectral pattern reactor.Strictly, the reactor core of these designs all makes Make moderator with water or water vapour, fast neutron amount is few, and power spectrum, which is still fallen within, hankers subcategory, because engineering difficulty is more than pressure water Heap, economy is not high, does not obtain engineering construction so far.
If further expanding the research of " fast-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reaction ", the atypical nuclear power technology of exploitation perhaps can be found New way.Whether fast neutron reactor core can carry out fast-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reactionWhether can by moderator and fast neutron reactor core every FromWhether the function binding of moderator and cooling agent can be releasedWhether the core of fast reactor can be improved outside reactor core using moderator Reaction efficiencyThe physical condition in nuclear reaction container whether can be reduced, and implements breed fuel On-line testingSo far, do not have There is the phase found on coupling nuclear reactor using moderator or fast-thermal neutron using fast neutron reactor core as main body in fast reactor Close document.
The content of the invention
" thorium breed fuel On-line testing " and " thorium/uranium Efficient Conversion and safe separating " problem are long-standing, more than 60 years Since be always restrict " thorium nuclear reactor " research and development key technology bottleneck, turn into a big century problem.The present invention's Purpose is to provide a solution for some defects of above-mentioned problem and current nuclear power technology.
The present invention relates to fast heap-type to couple nuclear reaction, and the nuclear reaction is fast-thermal neutron coupling using fast neutron reactor core as main body Synkaryon reacts, and its specific implementation method is：
（One）, reactor primary tank is split as mutually completely isolated fission pond and slowing down pond；Slowing down built in slowing down pond Agent；Fission sets reactor core in pond, and reactor core has fast neutron reactor core characteristic；Moderator is separated with Main Coolant, fission Chi Hedui Core is without moderator, and Main Coolant is by pond of fissioning without by slowing down pond.
（Two）, will fission pond and slowing down pond mutually inlay or packaged type combination, make both 26S Proteasome Structure and Functions couple；Splitting Become between pond and slowing down pond and thermal insulation layer is set, obstruct both heat exchanges, make the control of slowing down pond in the state close to normal temperature and pressure.
（Three）, allow construction of the neutron through fission pond and slowing down pond, enable fission pond and slowing down pond carry out neutron Exchange and carry out coupling nuclear reaction, fast neutron caused by reactor core and the degraded neutron from slowing down pond internal reflection entrance fission pond can make Reactor core carries out fast neutron and degraded neutron simultaneously（Include thermal neutron and intermediate neutron）The coupling nuclear reaction of initiation, fission pond have The characteristic and function of fast neutron reactor, thermal neutron nuclear reaction can be carried out in slowing down pond（Such as thermal neutron capture reaction）.
（Four）, optimization reactor primary containment structure and material, in reactor primary tank side wall, large area thin-wall configuration is set Neutron exchanging window, while structural strength is ensured increase neutron exchange efficiency.
（Five）, coupling core control system is set in slowing down pond, implement coupling core control and passive shutdown using nuclear reaction is coupled. Using the controllability displacement in the degraded neutron function of moderator and the controllability of moderator or slowing down pond, by change fission pond and Neutron between slowing down pond exchanges the reactivity of control reactor core；Slowing down pond is set quickly to discharge slowing down with passive method during shutdown Liquid or fast offset slowing down pond, slowing down pond lose moderation of neutrons function, terminate slowing down pond and convey degraded neutron to reactor core, reactor core is anti- Answering property rapid decrease causes chain reaction of nuclear fission to maintain, so as to realize passive shutdown.
（Six）, utilize the high efficiency of thermal neutron nuclear reaction, in slowing down pond close under conditions of normal temperature and pressure, implement nuclear fuel The On-line testing of propagation and breed fuel, Pa-233/ U-233 conversions and Th-232/ U-233 point are realized in out-of-pile From.Set in slowing down pond can refuelling online breed fuel system, initial breed fuel raw material is containing only a kind of nucleic Th- 232, only carry out Th-232 thermal capture nuclear reaction, avoid Pa-233 and U-233 capture neutron caused by neutron and effectively The dual loss of nuclear fuel, improve propagation efficiency and neutron utilization rate；Slowing down pond physical condition is gentle, On-line testing breed fuel There is no difficulty, the nucleic separation in later stage is simple, only need to carry out the either-or simple separation of two elements of Th-232/ U-233.
（Seven）, optimization Core Design, such as use candle formula Core Design, raising nuclear reaction efficiency and burn-up rate.
（Eight）, by reactor primary tank shortization, simplification, cost degradation and modularization, implement the entirety in fission pond more Change or implement fission pond module it is disposably retired（Fission pond is retired with reactor core replacing）, improve maintenance efficiency and general safety Property.
（Nine）, by reactor major component module, make reactor detachable and combine.The fractionation of reactor module with again The difficult point of group is mainly manifested in the fractionation and restructuring of pipeline.Using the sleeve pipe connection and method for splitting easily recombinated, simplify reactor The fractionation and restructuring of module.Sleeve pipe connection is with method for splitting using vertical socket or non-perpendicular socket or non-perpendicular turn of vertical set Connect.
Vertical socket：Connection sleeve pipe is longer, can repeatedly use, and lower section tube head is fixed tube head, and top tube head is can Tube head is split, two tube heads are installed in same vertical central with vertical lifting.Before first connection, in advance by adapter sleeve Pipe is welded on lower tube head, and upper tube head is aligned and welded after inserting connection sleeve pipe a little during connection, and welding is face-up simple to operate And welding effect is optimal；Separation need to be only cut during fractionation below the weld of connection sleeve pipe upper end, connection sleeve pipe slightly shortens； The residue cleared up during restructuring in connection sleeve pipe, upper tube head repeat previous connection flow compared to previous appropriate lengthening.
Non-perpendicular socket：Non-perpendicular socket is installed with vertical lifting based on being connected with horizontal pipe, is connected to fractionation Tube head in module is detachable tube head, and corresponding another tube head is fixed tube head；Shorter connection sleeve pipe is disposable unit, with Gradually lengthen connection sleeve pipe on demand afterwards or lengthen detachable tube head in right amount.Upper joint sleeve is covered during connection on fixed tube head in advance Manage but wouldn't weld, the sleeve pipe that is slidably connected exposes fixed tube head, two tube heads alignment rear enclosure upper joint sleeve pipe, is then respectively welded two End.Whole connection sleeve pipe need to be cut away during fractionation, the new connection sleeve pipe being of convenient length is changed when reconfiguring, repeats previous company Connect flow.The welding difficulty of non-perpendicular socket is high, and welding effect is not easy to ensure.
Non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket：Two pipelines of connection are non-perpendicular pipeline, by two tube heads that need to be connected with elbow Concentric vertical tube head is separately converted to, fixed tube head is under, and detachable tube head is in upper, connection, fractionation and restructuring thereafter Method with it is vertical be socketed it is identical.
The present invention relates to a kind of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor, it is mainly characterized by：
（One）, reactor primary tank include the fission pond and slowing down pond that intercouple and be isolated from each other；It is slow built in slowing down pond Agent, reactor core built in pond of fissioning, reactor core have fast neutron reactor core characteristic；Moderator separates with Main Coolant, and moderator does not enter Fission pond；Main Coolant does not enter slowing down pond.
（Two）, fission pond and slowing down pond it is completely isolated, thermal insulation layer barrier heat exchange is set between the two, and thermal insulation layer is vacuum Construction or filling with insulation material.
（Three）, fission pond can carry out neutron with slowing down pond and exchange but without heat exchange.
（Four）, Main Coolant be specific liquid metal or fused salt, particularly lead or lead bismuth eutectic.
（Five）, slowing down pond filling moderator, moderator is solid-state moderator or liquid moderator.Solid-state moderator is graphite Or beryllium compound, particularly graphite.Liquid moderator is heavy water or heavy aqueous solution or light-water or light-water solution, particularly heavy water. The slowing down pond of filling liquid moderator sets moderator loop.
（Six）, fission pond and slowing down pond combine to form primary tank coupling configurations, primary tank coupling configurations be single slowing down pond in Put the external coupled structure of coupled structure or single slowing down pond or double slowing down ponds coupled structure.Coupled structure built in single slowing down pond is slowing down Pond is located at reactor center and constructed for tubbiness pond type, and fission pond is located at type construction in pond annular in shape on the outside of slowing down pond.Outside single slowing down pond It is that fission pond is located at reactor center for tubbiness pond type construction to put coupled structure, slowing down pond pond annular in shape type on the outside of fission pond Construction or barrel-shaped structure.Double slowing down ponds coupled structure is that interior slowing down pond is located at reactor center for tubbiness pond type construction, outer slowing down Pond is located at outside and constructed for ring-type pond type, and fission pond constructs between being located inside and outside slowing down pond for ring-type pond type.
（Seven）, primary tank coupling configurations may be configured as detachable fabricated structure.
（Eight）, reactor primary tank periphery primary tank shell can be set, primary tank shell is the pond type metal of a thickening Housing, fission pond and slowing down pond are placed and secured within primary tank shell.
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor point 6 of the present invention is most of to be illustrated：Reactor primary tank；Reactor core and combustion Expect element；Slowing down liquid loop and core control system；Breed fuel system；Other facilities；Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor type.
Reactor primary tank
Reactor primary tank includes fission pond, slowing down pond and primary tank shell.
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary tank（Particularly fission pond）Large area neutron exchanging window can be set in side wall, in Sub- exchanging window is thin-wall configuration, and thin-wall configuration is frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure.Frame skin structure is in The sidewall sections of sub- exchange area set framework, the setting thin plate covering on framework, the primary tank portion beyond frame skin structure Non- thin-wall configuration can be used by dividing, and heavy wall can be used to construct such as bottom plate, close to the side wall at bottom and top.Thin-walled reinforcing plate structure is side Wall sets gusset to reinforce based on thin-walled on thin-walled.Frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure can disposable overall structures Build.Main gusset or main frame is can be set in primary tank side wall vertical symmetry position, and lifting load is undertaken by main gusset or main frame. Special ruggedized construction can be set in the big position of primary tank load, such as the setting of Main Coolant exit or stiffener plate or reinforcing frame Frame.
Side wall thermal insulation layer is set between pond side wall of fissioning and slowing down pond side wall, and side wall insulating layer material is solid particle；Split Become pond side wall and mutual lateral support is formed by side wall thermal insulation layer transmission lateral pressure with slowing down pond side wall, similar to the outer of tire Support of the tire to the inner tube of a tyre.Fission pool structure material is difficult to reach very high neutron transparency, it is necessary to using thin-wall configuration；Slowing down pond The material of very high neutron transparency can be selected with thermal insulation layer, relatively thick slowing down pond can play laterally to fission pond side wall Supporting role.The solid particle of side wall thermal insulation layer can select honeycomb particulate or cellular spherolite or hollow spherulite or medicine ball Grain or full particle, wherein optimal with irregular honeycomb particulate, its cuclear density is small, is not easy to flow, and easily loads and absorbs.Gu Body particulate component has firm, heat-resisting, high thermal resistance and to the transparent characteristic of neutron, such as silica, sieve and silica-sesquioxide, zirconium oxide Or aluminum oxide, wherein silica cost performance highest.Compression dress need to be set up if spherolite is used in side wall thermal insulation layer topmost Limitation heat-barrier material movement is put, prevents pond deformation of fissioning；Pressing device structure includes holddown spring, briquetting and Spring retainer.
Bottom of pond of fissioning portion sets heat-insulating load-bearing layer, and heat-insulating load-bearing layer is blocks of solid, has firm, resistance to thermal property, such as Thermal insulation ceramicses block, heat-insulating load-bearing layer material do not require the neutron transparency have the material for absorbing neutron ability may be more preferable, Bottom neutron shield effect can be played, cheap non-core level material can be used.
Fission pond top cover or slowing down pond top cover can be sealed using sealant, traditional flangeseal not only heavy body Product is big and precision prescribed is high, is not suitable for inlaying the closely top seal in fission pond and slowing down pond.Top cover uses sealant Sealing can simplify sealing structure, mitigate the weight of primary tank top cover.Sealant is metal sealing agent or fluid sealant, metal sealing agent For fusible metal or fusible alloy, particularly heavy metal and its alloy.Fluid sealant is only suitable for low form container, such as slowing down pond. Container side wall upper limb sets annular ditch groove, and the inner edge of annular ditch groove prevents sealant from falling into container higher than outer rim, container cap The down-set ring-type skirtboard of outer rim.Locking device can be set in the sealing structure of top cover and side wall, prevents top cover from being rushed by internal pressure Open, locking device is screw thread construction or bolt structure or elastic force fixture；First uniformly filled in right amount in annular ditch groove during capping Liquid sealant, ring-type skirtboard is inserted in annular ditch groove before sealant solidification, then fasten locking device, sealant solidification is Form seal construction；Metal sealing agent solidification makes top cover and side wall form firm sealing structure, heats sealing structure during separation Melt metal sealing agent；Heater can be set using the sealing structure of fusible metal.Pond selection heavy metal of fissioning is close Seal agent, the sealed silicone of slowing down pond selection heat-proof corrosion resistant erosion.
Being provided with the fission pond of thin-wall configuration is needed to mitigate top cover weight as far as possible, and fission pond gas is provided with the top of fission pond During room, fission pond top cover is not influenceed reusable by Main Coolant corrosion, can use light-weight high-strength material, such as titanium conjunction Gold.
The high metal of slowing down pond material selection neutron transparency, as aluminium, aluminium alloy, zircaloy, aluminium zircaloy, aluminium titanium close Gold, zirconium-niobium alloy, nickel alumin(i)um alloy.Wherein aluminium based metal material cost performance highest, under the conditions of meeting slowing down pond low-temp low-pressure Resistance to water erosion requirement.In order to further improve the impact water in corrosion resistance of aluminium based metal, the slowing down pool surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy can plate resistance to Water erosion metal, the metal of resistance to water erosion are zirconium or nickel or titanium.
Reactor core and fuel element
The content of reactor core and fuel element includes：Reactor core characteristic and structure；Fuel inner bag；Enclosed fuel rod；Cluster enclosed Fuel assembly；Sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly；Open type fuel rod；Cluster open type fuel assembly；Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly； Exhaust component（Exhaust component containing valveless and there is valve exhaust component）；The fixation and positioning of fuel assembly and fuel rod；Chemistry of fuel Composition and physical aspect.
Reactor core characteristic and structure：
Coupled core is set in the fission pond of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor, it has the characteristic of fast neutron reactor core.Coupling Reactor core is solid-state reactor core, is made up of fuel stringer assembly, and fuel stringer assembly is combined by fuel rod and formed, and fuel can be set in fuel rod Inner bag, filling fuels enter fuel inner bag or fuel rod.Fuel assembly is cluster fuel assembly or sleeve pipe fuel assembly, cluster fuel Component dereliction sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe fuel assembly have main sleeve pipe.Fuel rod is enclosed fuel rod or open type fuel rod, enclosed fuel rod Form cluster enclosed fuel assembly or sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly；Open type fuel bar construction cluster open type fuel assembly or set Tube opening formula fuel assembly.
Coupled core edge can be filled a vacancy, and make reactor core edge convergence complete.Cluster enclosed fuel assembly, sleeve pipe enclosed Four kinds of fuel assembly, cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly fuel stringer assemblies can have corresponding respectively Half shape component or special-shaped component, half shape component or special-shaped component are filled a vacancy incising for reactor core edge.Half shape component cross section It is the half of the diagonal cutting in corresponding component cross section, special-shaped component cross section can be arbitrary shape, the selection of shape Depending on effect of filling a vacancy.
Reactor core base is set below reactor core, and reactor core is fixed on reactor core base, and reactor core base is then fixed on fission bottom of pond plate On, reactor core reduces the load of fission pond side wall with this mainly by fission bottom of pond plate load.Coupled core may be designed as candle formula heap Core；Candle formula reactor core progressively burns from the bottom up, just fills fissile nuclide and is distributed mainly on below reactor fuel area, its concentration gradient It is lower high low, top fuel is accumulated by breeder reaction, and its accumulative speed moves up speed with combustion zone and is adapted, reactor core burnup Rate is more higher toward bottom, and just loading amount compares saving to this reactor core fissile nuclide, reactor core long lifespan, and total burn-up level is big.
Coupled core sets the radial direction subregion of two kinds or three kinds characteristics.The radial direction subregion of two kinds of characteristics：Close to slowing down pond Region is coupled zone, is Kuai Pu areas away from slowing down pond.The radial direction subregion of three kinds of characteristics：Set up between coupled zone and Kuai Pu areas Buffering area strengthens reactor core security；Coupled zone carries out thermal neutron and fast neutron nuclear reaction simultaneously, its propellant composition proportioning close to Thermal neutron reactor core；Kuai Pu areas carry out fast neutron nuclear reaction, and its propellant composition is matched close to fast neutron reactor core；Buffering area fuel into Distribution ratio characteristic is determined by reactor core safety Design.The reactor core periphery of special heap-type can set up conversion fuel region or blind zone.
Fuel inner bag：
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor uses fuel stringer assembly reactor core, and traditional fuel rod is that fuel is directly filled into fuel In rod.Fuel inner bag is the inclusion enclave of fuel, is filled into integral form in fuel rod, isolates fuel and fuel rod.In fuel Courage bears stress and the corrosion of fuel at first, protects fuel rod clad pipe.Fuel inner bag is seal, individually can be deposited for a long time Put.Fuel cabinet body includes interior bile duct, bottom plug, top plug, filler, holddown spring, injecting hole or air injection pipe.Outside fuel inner bag Footpath is slightly less than fuel rod clad bore, reserves fuel volumetric growth space.Interior bile duct be fuel inner bag involucrum, interior bile duct both ends by Bottom plug and top plug sealing.Top plug is provided with injecting hole or air injection pipe, and filler and holddown spring, filler are set in fuel inner bag Including fuel.Injecting hole or air injection pipe are used for pumping or gas injection or exhaust, and injecting hole is poroid, and air injection pipe is short tube shape；Note Stomata or air injection pipe may be configured as self-opening sealing structure, be sealed after gas injection is completed.Fuel inner bag is heating up or boosted Or after heating plus boosting, injecting hole or air injection pipe are voluntarily open exhaust；Self-opening sealing structure is the construction or fusible close that can burst Blocking.Can be burst construction：Air injection pipe can burst, and explosion type is low-intensity material explosion or low-intensity structure bursts；Low-intensity Material is the material of intensity step-down after air injection pipe material is low-intensity material or is heated, when fuel inner bag temperature raises air pressure inside Increase, air injection pipe is pressurized, and voluntarily opening is vented for explosion；Low-intensity structure is that explosion groove is set in air injection pipe, air injection pipe at the groove that bursts Wall is very thin, and air pressure official post explosion groove forms crack, air injection pipe cracking exhaust.Fusible sealing-plug：Fusible sealing-plug can after heating Fusing, can be made up of single sealant or a variety of sealants；A variety of sealants are the different sealants of a variety of fusing points, outside sealing-plug Layer fusing point be less than internal layer, and equivalent to cored solder, reactor core starts sealing-plug after heating and is heated to be completely melt outer layer sealing agent during sealing, Injecting hole opens exhaust.Fuel inner bag top can set up protective cover, and protective cover is fingerstall tubulose or hat shape, and hole is furnished with protective cover Gap supplied gas is exchanged, and protective cover is arranged at outside injecting hole or air injection pipe.After fuel inner bag completes gas injection sealing, fingerstall tubulose is prevented Shield is directly welded at top plug top；When fuel inner bag is loaded into fuel rod, hat shape protective cover is consolidated by fuel rod holddown spring It is scheduled on the plug of top.Protective cover prevents burst thing or splashings contact fuel rod clad pipe；Fuel rod or fuel inner bag can fill Heat transfer medium, such as helium, sodium.
Enclosed fuel rod：Enclosed fuel rod is the closed type structure of traditional fuel rod, and the agent structure of enclosed fuel rod is two The bar-shaped cladding tubes construction that end seal is closed, enclosed fuel rod main body include lower end plug, cladding tubes, holddown spring, upper end plug, filler Or fuel inner bag.Upper end plug and lower end plug sealed bundle package both ends, there is long air cavity in cladding tubes, air cavity be located at top or under Holddown spring is set on portion, filler or fuel inner bag；Filler in fuel rod or fuel inner bag sets identical, nucleic filling Wu Fensange areas, it is respectively from the bottom up：Lower transition zone, fuel region and upper transition zone, transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, fire Material area is just equipped with fissile nuclide.
Cluster enclosed fuel assembly：Cluster enclosed fuel assembly main body includes bottom nozzle, cluster bottom gate plate, skeleton pipe, fixed Position screen work, enclosed fuel rod and upper base.Skeleton pipe, grid spacer and upper bottom nozzle collectively form the skeleton of fuel stringer assembly, Multiple grid spacers are fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe both ends are fixed with upper bottom nozzle.Skeleton pipe is amphitypy, and the first type is to pass through Logical blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe（Such as measurement guide pipe）；Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe both ends are welded with end plug, end plug with it is upper Bottom nozzle is fixed, and transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity is provided with pipe, real pipe is equivalent to conversion fuel rod.Combustion Charge bar is passed through from grid spacer and restrained positioning；Fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate, and cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on down Base upper end is fixed on skeleton pipe.Bottom nozzle is provided with fastening screw or pin hole and positioned with reactor core bottom gate plate, down tube Seat is provided with fixture construction（Such as bolt structure）Secure the assembly on reactor core bottom gate plate.Upper base has fastening screw and reactor core top Pin hole positioning on screen.
Sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly：Sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly main body includes pin, cluster bottom gate plate, main sleeve pipe and enclosed Fuel rod.Pin is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, and pin is additionally provided with fixture construction（Such as bolt structure）With reactor core bottom gate plate It is fixed, there are multiple cooling agents to enter hole on pin and control the structure of leakage current amount, main its lower end is connected with pin, and fuel rod is located at In main sleeve pipe, shield can be set up on fuel rod, the positioning of fuel rod stage casing is positioned using grid location or wrapping wire, fuel rod Bottom is fixed with cluster bottom gate plate, and cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on main its lower end or pin upper end, and main cannula tip, which is provided with, hangs Operating head and coolant outlet are filled, main outside of sleeve top is provided with cushion block and maintains the distance between component.
Open type fuel rod：
The most significantly different part of open type fuel rod and its component and traditional fuel rod and its component is that top is provided with Exhaust structure.
Open type fuel rod agent structure is the bar-shaped cladding tubes construction of bottom end closure and top end opening, is set at top end opening It is equipped with degassing conduits.Open type fuel rod main body includes lower end plug, cladding tubes, holddown spring, upper end plug, degassing conduits, filling Thing or fuel inner bag.Fuel rod both ends are respectively welded end plug, and bottom is sealed by lower end plug, and opening, opening are set in upper end plug Place is welded with degassing conduits, and fission gas is discharged by degassing conduits.Open type fuel rod is without air cavity or has shorter upper air cavity, fills out Fill on thing or fuel inner bag and holddown spring is set；Filler in fuel rod or fuel inner bag sets identical, nucleic filler point Three areas, it is respectively lower transition zone, fuel region and upper transition zone from the bottom up, fills fertile nuclide at the beginning of upper and lower transition zone, fire Material area is just equipped with fissile nuclide.Fuel rod filler can set up one or two blind zone, and blind zone sets neutron absorber Remaining neutron is shielded, increases reactor core axial shield function.One blind zone is set：Set in filler topmost and shielded on one Area；Two blind zones are set：In the case where the foot of filler is set, blind zone and top set blind zone.Fuel rod filler Can set up adsorption zone, adsorption zone filled honeycomb shape solid adsorbent absorption fission volatile matter, adsorption zone be located at upper transition zone with it is upper Between blind zone or positioned at filler topmost, adsorption zone can exchange position with upper blind zone.Fuel rod filler is under Can up there are six kinds of partition conbinations：Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone；Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-absorption Area；Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper blind zone；Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shielding Area；Lower blind zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper blind zone；Lower blind zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper conversion Area-adsorption zone-upper blind zone.
Cluster open type fuel assembly：Cluster open type fuel assembly main body includes bottom nozzle, cluster bottom gate plate, skeleton Pipe, grid spacer, open type fuel rod, upper base and exhaust component.Skeleton pipe, grid spacer and upper bottom nozzle collectively form combustion Expect the skeleton of component, multiple grid spacers are fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe both ends are fixed with upper bottom nozzle.Skeleton pipe is divided to two Type, the first type are insertion blank pipes, can be used as guide pipe（Such as core survey guide pipe）；Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe both ends are welded with End plug, fixed by end plug and upper bottom nozzle, transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity, real pipe are provided with real pipe Equivalent to conversion fuel rod.Fuel rod is passed through from grid spacer and restrained positioning, fuel rod lower end are fixed on cluster bottom gate On plate, cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on bottom nozzle upper end or is fixed on skeleton pipe.
Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly：Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly main body include pin, cluster bottom gate plate, main sleeve pipe, Open type fuel rod and exhaust component.Pin is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, and pin is additionally provided with fixture construction（Such as bolt structure Make）Fixed with reactor core bottom gate plate, there are multiple cooling agents to enter hole on pin and control the structure of leakage current amount.The positioning of fuel rod stage casing is adopted Positioned with grid location or wrapping wire, fuel rod bottom is fixed with cluster bottom gate plate, cluster bottom gate plate be fixed on main its lower end or Pin upper end.Main outside of sleeve top can be set cushion block and maintain the distance between component.
Cluster top-gated plate can be set in open type fuel stringer assembly.Cluster top-gated plate is fixed on the upper end of fuel assembly main body, In i.e. upper base or main sleeve upper end, positioning hole and coolant hole are provided with cluster top-gated plate, degassing conduits pass through cluster top Positioning hole on screen is positioned fuel rod, and antirattle spring, antirattle spring are set between fuel rod upper end plug and cluster top-gated plate It is enclosed on degassing conduits base portion.The degassing conduits base portion for needing top to position suitably can thicken in overstriking, strengthen the intensity of external force resistance.
Exhaust component：
The top of open type fuel stringer assembly sets exhaust component, and exhaust component lower end is connected with fuel assembly main body.Row Gas member body includes constriction and exhaust is responsible for.Exhaust component bottom is constriction, constriction be sleeve or it is tubaeform or Claw type；Constriction bearing plate can be set in sleeve constriction upper end, and constriction bearing plate is provided with cooling agent and portals and be connected it The fixture construction of his part；Exhaust component top is exhaust supervisor.Exhaust main tube top end sets relief valve or is not provided with pressure release Valve；Setting the exhaust component of relief valve, the exhaust component for being not provided with relief valve is valveless exhaust component to there is valve exhaust component.Row Settable lifting operating head on the outside of gas component.
Valveless exhaust component：It is thin that valveless exhaust component main body includes constriction, degassing conduits boundling and exhaust supervisor, exhaust Pipe can be stretched through Simple constraint into exhaust supervisor, degassing conduits are directly inserted in after close degassing conduits boundling in exhaust supervisor Contracting.
There is valve exhaust component：
There is valve exhaust member body to include constriction, sealing sleeve pipe, degassing conduits boundling, seal head, exhaust supervisor and let out Pressure valve.Relief valve is arranged on exhaust main tube top end, has in valve exhaust component degassing conduits in constriction first after the bent constraint of rotation, its Upper part is constrained to close degassing conduits boundling again, i.e. degassing conduits are the curved state of loose rotation in constriction section, The degassing conduits being twisted have the function of spring-like, have certain function of bending and stretching to buffer fuel rod distortional stress, and meet fuel The demand of rod irradiation elongation.Sealing sleeve pipe lower end is fixed with constriction upper end, and degassing conduits boundling is inserted in sealing sleeve pipe, both In top integral sealing（Such as sealed with brazing）The seal head that can be vented is formed afterwards, exhaust supervisor seals with sealing sleeve pipe again to fix, Fission gas is set to be discharged by being vented supervisor and relief valve.Cored solder is generally more difficult to meet high temperature resistant and erosion-resisting high need Ask, the seal head of sealed with brazing needs to isolate with Main Coolant, suitably lengthens sealing sleeve pipe, sealing sleeve pipe when irrigating Main Coolant Interior to retain retention gas, the retention gas that this part can not discharge turns into the separation layer of seal head and Main Coolant.Exhaust main Be provided with injecting hole or air injection pipe on pipe, vacuumized after the completion of fuel assembly manufacture handle and close with gas injection injecting hole or Air injection pipe.
Seal head uses sealed with brazing, and its technological process is：Fuel rod vacuumizes after completing and closes degassing conduits End（Such as mechanical press seal after sensing heating）, close before degassing conduits can perfusion detection gas as needed, degassing conduits length Being slightly longer than sealing sleeve pipe top with top is advisable → completes the master of fuel rod air-tightness and defect detecting test → completion fuel stringer assembly Body assembles, and → annealed to degassing conduits and revolve song and constrain its underpart → constrains degassing conduits top and forms close exhaust again Tubule boundling → welding constriction and sealing sleeve pipe junction → connection constraints portion and fuel assembly main body simultaneously make degassing conduits collection Collar enters sealing sleeve pipe → with the gap → carrying out being surface-treated at sealing → between wire stoppers degassing conduits and heats solder Pond is to solder fusing（Solder melt point is higher than Main Coolant maximum operating temperature）→ handstand fuel stringer assembly, welded being inserted at sealing Appropriate depth in material pond, taking-up cooled and solidified is cut into seal head → arrangement sanding and polishing sealing sleeve pipe → after welding fluid is sufficiently submerged in The least significant end of seal head is sliced off, arranges polishing degassing conduits port, it is ensured that every degassing conduits are unimpeded.
Relief valve：
There is valve exhaust component top that relief valve is set, relief valve is spring type relief valve or meltable heavy metal relief valve or double Relief valve.Exhaust adsorption area can be set in being responsible in the exhaust for having valve exhaust component, and exhaust adsorption area includes adsorbent locator, inhaled Attached body and adsorbent holddown spring.Adsorbent is the bar-shaped box body for being furnished with sieve aperture, filling adsorbent in it.Adsorbent locator is Retaining spring or sprung jaws, prevent from adsorbing displacement body.Adsorbent holddown spring compresses adsorbent, anti-gas shock and displacement.
Spring type relief valve：Spring type relief valve is cylindric, and its main body includes valve chest, lower valve body, upper valve body, bullet Spring, spring positioning head and housing pin.Valve chest is cylindrical shape, and lower valve body side surface is fixed and sealed with valve chest；Lower valve body with Upper valve body is valve mechanism corresponding to male and female face, and male and female face is close to sealing can be achieved, and exhaust pressure relief separately can be achieved in male and female face；Under The counter structure of convex fovea superior is advantageous to air scour and falls coagulation, and valve body is less scaling；Lower valve body center sets passage, upper valve Side side sets passage；Upper valve body upper end is connected with spring, and spring upper end is connected with spring positioning head, and housing pin is pressed downward Tight spring positioning head, for housing pin with valve chest upper end to be screwed, spring positioning head and housing pin set passage to supply Gas is discharged.
Meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve：The valve function of meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve is substituted by liquid heavy metal, meltable Huge sum of money genotype relief valve includes annular groove, cap, meltable heavy metal and anticreep plug.Cap is upper valve body, is blind pipe shape, Annular groove is lower valve body, cap and mosaic-like structure of the annular groove formed with gap, is filled in the gap of annular groove meltable Heavy metal, meltable heavy metal are sealant, and it is de- that anticreep plug prevents that cap from being rushed by internal high pressure air-flow, such as anti-drop screw.It is meltable The heavy metal that the operating temperature of huge sum of money genotype relief valve solidifies on the fusing point of meltable heavy metal, during less than operating temperature is suitable The fixed and sealing function in solder；In pressure release, difference force promotes the U-shaped passage that gas passes through heavy metal liquid to form, pressure Difference is determined by the proportion and height of heavy metal liquid.Annular groove can be monomer members or complex component, the annular of monomer members Groove is that lower valve body is overall for annular groove shape；The annular groove of complex component is welded by valve chest, lower valve body and center tracheae Formed after sealing.
Double relief valves：Double relief valves are two relief valves of open type fuel assembly top series connection, and lower section relief valve is meltable Huge sum of money genotype relief valve, top are spring type relief valve, and its lower valve body can be as the anticreep plug of meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve. The advantages of double relief valves is good sealing effect, and the heavy metal solidified during low temperature can be sealed thoroughly, and double relief valves play double protect during high temperature Danger effect, heavy metal liquid can also absorb the volatile matter in fission gas, prevent valve body fouling, increase spring type relief valve Reliability.
The fixation and positioning of fuel assembly and fuel rod：
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor Main Coolant mainly uses heavy metal, and the buoyancy of reactor core is very big, fuel rod and fuel Component, which is adapted to use, to be fixed in bottom and is positioned at top.Bottom is fixed with beneficial to anti-Main Coolant buoyancy and upthrust, fuel The stress of component can reduce the flexural deformation of fuel rod and component upwards.Top locator qualification radial position, fuel rod and fuel Component still can be with vertical displacement, to meet the needs of material irradiation elongation.
Fuel assembly is fixed and positioning method：It can be fixed using reactor core bottom gate plate, the bottom nozzle or pin of fuel assembly Fixed with reactor core bottom gate plate, as bolt is fixed；Reactor core top-gated plate can be used to position at the top of fuel assembly, enclosed fuel stringer assembly with The alignment pin of upper end is positioned with reactor core top-gated plate.Open type fuel stringer assembly passes through reactor core top-gated plate to be vented supervisor upper end Positioning hole positioned, exhaust supervisor reactor core top-gated plate between sets or is not provided with antirattle spring.Antirattle spring is set：Row Set on gas supervisor and determine spring flange collar, antirattle spring is enclosed on exhaust supervisor, and antirattle spring lower end, which is against, determines in spring flange collar, vibrationproof bullet Reactor core top-gated plate is withstood in spring upper end, and antirattle spring can prevent fuel assembly vibration, can also meet component irradiation elongation.
Fuel rod fixed form：Fuel assembly bottom is provided with cluster bottom gate plate, and fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate, Fixed form can be to be screwed or be welded and fixed or inserted fixation.It is screwed：End plug end and cluster bottom under fuel rod Screen is provided for the boss of positioning, groove and for fixed screw, first inlays boss and groove positioning（Fuel rod can be prevented Rotation loosens）It is screwed again with screw；Another construction is that end plug end and cluster bottom gate plate are mutual under fuel rod Screw corresponding to setting and screw are screwed.It is welded and fixed：End plug end set notch under fuel rod, cluster bottom gate plate The notch of the lower end plug of bar shaped screen insertion be welded and fixed again.Inserted fixation：End plug end set keyway, cluster under fuel rod Corresponding cluster guide rail is set on bottom gate plate, and cluster guide rail slides into keyway and carries out inserted fixation.
Chemistry of fuel composition and physical aspect：
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can use traditional oxide ceramic fuel to use advanced ceramics fuel, Such as nitride or carbide or silicide fuel；Pellet fuel can be used, can also use granular fuel.Fuel inner bag is preferably Direct filler particles fuel, can solve the problem that advanced ceramics fuel is not easy sinter molding, and fuel inner bag can constrain particle combustion Expect from sinter molding.Fuel particle contacts closely with interior bile duct, and interior bile duct bears swelling stress at first, when fuel gradually expands To after maximum gauge, fuel inner bag is pressed together with cladding tubes, and heat transfer efficiency increase, overall heat transfer efficiency fires better than pellet Material, it is favourable to reduce fuel rod temperature.Initial heat transfer can rely on gas or liquid heat-transfer medium, such as helium or sodium.Fuel inner bag Fuel is isolated with cladding tubes, alleviates stress suffered by cladding tubes and corrosion, cladding tubes are not easily broken, favourable to extend the fuel rod longevity Life.Fuel inner bag makes fuel rod clad inside pipe wall by insulation blocking, according to the function and local environment of interior bile duct and cladding tubes Difference, both can use different materials, optimize towards different directions.Open type fuel rod is more preferably than enclosed fuel rod to be adopted With advanced nuclear fuel, open type fuel rod be able to can be reduced using the nitride or carbide or silicide fuel of high heat conductance Fuel pellet temperature, it can also avoid corrosion of some fission products to cladding tubes, such as cesium oxide；Open type fuel rod self-exhausting Can solve the too high problem of nitride fuel gas production.More importantly nitride or carbide or silicide fuel are that solve The approach of thorium base spentnuclear fuel post-processing problem, must be in strong acid solution during dissolving because the extremely difficult dissolving of thorium base oxide of sintering Middle addition hydrofluoric acid, the heavy corrosion of facility can be caused.
Slowing down liquid loop and core control system
The content of slowing down liquid loop and core control system includes：Slowing down liquid loop；Slowing down pit level core control system；Barrier screen core Control system.
Slowing down pond filling liquid moderator, slowing down pond are provided with slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid is cooled down by slowing down liquid cooler； Reactor sets core control system regulation core power and performs shutdown work, and core control system is slowing down pit level core control system or resistance Shield core control system or slowing down pond displacement kernel control system or control rod core control system；Slowing down pit level core control system is arranged on specific Slowing down liquid loop in, its slowing down liquid loop is unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid inputs at the top of slowing down pond all the time；Slowing down pond Liquid level core control system changes neutron exchange and neutron energy spectrum by regulating and controlling the liquid level of moderator in slowing down pond, so as to reach Regulate and control the purpose of reactor core reactivity, and in case of emergency perform passive shutdown automatically；Slowing down liquid in unidirectional slowing down liquid loop Slowing down pond is not full of, reactor movement can cause slowing down fluid wave to move, and it is anti-that slowing down pit level core control system is not suitable for mobile model Answer heap；Barrier screen core control system includes specific slowing down liquid loop and barrier screen mechanism, and its slowing down liquid loop is deflecting slowing down liquid Loop, slowing down liquid exports at the top of the bottom input of slowing down pond during normal operation, is full of slowing down liquid in slowing down pond, is not moved by reactor It is dynamic to influence；The deflecting of slowing down liquid is to be inputted at the top of slowing down pond during shutdown, and slowing down liquid is not accumulated in slowing down pond；Barrier screen core control system Regulate and control reactor core reactivity by way of obstructing neutron and exchanging, it does not have slowing down fluid wave to move, and is suitable for mobile model reactor, may be used yet For fixed reactor.Slowing down pond displacement kernel control system is to move integrally slowing down pond, by changing slowing down pond and pond of fissioning Coupled structure, neutron is exchanged and couple nuclear reaction and change, so as to regulate and control reactor core reactivity；Slowing down pond displacement kernel control system is adapted to Miniature or small-sized nuclear reactor, particularly nuclear reactor for space.
Slowing down pit level core control system：
Slowing down pit level core control system uses unidirectional slowing down liquid loop.The input at the top of slowing down pond of unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is slow Change liquid, its main body includes slowing down pond, liquid storage tank, slowing down liquid, infusion pump, woven hose, bubbler, return duct and the cooling of slowing down liquid Device.Unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is promoted by infusion pump, and its circulating path is：Liquid storage tank → infusion pump → bubbler → slowing down pond → return Flow tube → slowing down liquid cooler → liquid storage tank.Liquid storage tank position is less than slowing down pond, and slowing down liquid relies on gravity reflux, liquid storage tank with it is slow The bigger backflow potential energy of drop for changing pond is bigger.Infusion pump is provided with woven hose, infusion pump is quantitative to supply slowing down liquid to slowing down pond, One connection liquid storage tank bottom of woven hose, other end connect the bubbler on slowing down pond top, and bubbler main body is one and is provided with The container or pipe fitting of nozzle（Such as hollow grid plate-shaped container or mesh duct or branched pipeline）, its function be with spray or Slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond by spray pattern, and slowing down liquid trickles the heat taken away on device from the top down Amount.Return duct is large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram；Slowing down liquid cooler is cooling and the temperature control dress of slowing down liquid Put, its be arranged in liquid storage tank or outside.Silk screen can be set in the parts surface that must be cooled down in slowing down pond, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid Trickling speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed in parts surface, and prevents slowing down liquid from splashing.
Slowing down pit level core control system body includes unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, gas equalizing line and liquid stream controlling organization.Gas At the top of body balance pipe connection slowing down pond and at the top of liquid storage tank, the air pressure in two ponds is balanced.Liquid stream controlling organization include liquid flowing controller, Shutdown valve, monitoring device and control circuit；Liquid flowing controller is made up of for single motor regulating valve or multiple electric control valves, its Function is accurate adjustment slowing down pit level；Shutdown valve is normally off, is opened during shutdown, and shutdown valve can be one or more strings The normally closed electrically operated valve of heavy caliber of connection；Monitoring device includes moderator level monitoring device and temperature sensor.Slowing down pit level During core control system normal operation, slowing down liquid pump is entered slowing down pond by infusion pump, and it is downward to each device surface that bubbler disperses slowing down liquid Trickle and lodge in slowing down pond, slowing down liquid is back to liquid storage with certain flow by liquid flowing controller by gravity through return duct Pond, and by the cooling of slowing down liquid cooler and temperature control.During shutdown, start shut-down procedure or cut off the power supply of shutdown valve, normally closed stops Heap valve automatically turns on, and the slowing down liquid in slowing down pond enters liquid storage tank by bigbore shutdown valve quick backflow, and slowing down pond is not accumulated Slowing down liquid, thermal neutron and the basic disappearance of fission with thermal neutron reaction, reactor core reactivity sharp fall, reach passive shutdown purpose with this； Slowing down liquid loop continues executing with refrigerating function during shutdown；The workflow of slowing down pit level core control system：
（One）, reactor capability regulation and control：Performed by liquid flowing controller, moderator liquid level → change in regulation slowing down pond Neutron exchanges and neutron energy spectrum → regulation and control core power.
（Two）, shutdown work：Start shut-down procedure or cut off power supply → shutdown valve automatic opening → slowing down liquid of shutdown valve Enter liquid reserve tank → slowing down pond missing slowing down liquid through heavy caliber shutdown valve quick backflow and lose moderation of neutrons function → thermal neutron and split Become reaction be terminated → reactor core can not maintain chain reaction and shutdown.
（Three）, Cooling at reactor shutdown：Shutdown valve is in power-off opening → infusion pump and continues to run with → slowing down liquid loop continuation Circulation → bubbler each part sprinkling moderator and carrying out into slowing down pond cools down → and slowing down liquid enters storage through shutdown valve quick backflow Liquid case, slowing down liquid can not be lodged in slowing down pond.
（Four）, slowing down pit level core control system recovery：Close shutdown work or recover power supply → shutdown valve of shutdown valve Be closed → slowing down liquid through liquid flowing controller be back to liquid storage tank → regulation liquid flowing controller make slowing down pit level keep In suitable height.
Barrier screen core control system：
Barrier screen core control system uses deflecting slowing down liquid loop.Deflecting slowing down liquid loop main body include slowing down pond, liquid storage tank, Slowing down liquid, woven hose, infusion pump, upper tubing, upper fluid-delivery valve, lower infusion tube, lower fluid-delivery valve, bubbler, upper return duct, next time Flow tube, lower return valve and slowing down liquid cooler.The slowing down liquid in deflecting slowing down liquid loop is transported by infusion pump, and the normal operation phase is by defeated Liquid pump provides the whole power for transporting slowing down liquid；The shutdown phase increases gravity reflux, liquid storage tank and the bigger backflow of drop in slowing down pond Potential energy is bigger.Woven hose lower end connects liquid reserve tank bottom, is provided with infusion pump on woven hose, upper tubing is separated on infusion pump And lower infusion tube.Upper tubing connects bubbler, and bubbler main body is a container or pipe fitting for being provided with nozzle（As hollow Grid plate-shaped container or mesh duct or branched pipeline）, slowing down liquid is distributed in slowing down pond respectively by slowing down liquid by bubbler Individual device surface, slowing down liquid trickle the heat taken away on device from the top down.Lower infusion tube connects slowing down bottom of pond portion；Lower return duct For large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram.Lower fluid-delivery valve is normally open, is closed during shutdown, and lower fluid-delivery valve can For normally opened electrically operated valve.Upper fluid-delivery valve and lower return valve are normally off, are opened during shutdown, and upper fluid-delivery valve and lower return valve can For normally closed electrically operated valve.Circulating path during normal operation is：Liquid storage tank → woven hose → infusion pump → lower fluid-delivery valve → under it is defeated Liquid pipe → slowing down pond → upper return duct → slowing down liquid cooler → liquid storage tank.Circulating path during shutdown is：Liquid storage tank → defeated Liquid pipe → infusion pump → upper fluid-delivery valve → upper tubing → bubbler → slowing down pond → lower return valve → lower return duct → slowing down liquid Cooler → liquid storage tank.Upper return duct function during shutdown is converted into gas balance, balances the gas in slowing down pond and liquid storage tank Pressure.Silk screen can be set in the parts surface of slowing down pond domestic demand cooling, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid stream and drops down speed, helps slowing down liquid in part Surface is uniformly distributed, and prevents slowing down liquid from splashing.
Barrier screen core control system body includes deflecting slowing down liquid loop and barrier screen mechanism；Barrier screen mechanism body includes resistance Shield driver, transmission belt, top guide bar, sealing sliding sleeve, sealing ring, barrier screen, lower guide rod and lower guide pipe.Barrier screen is arranged on Close to the slowing down pond side in fission pond, barrier screen is the tubular or arc plate body of lower forks, and bifurcated mouth sets lower guide rod, barrier Shield top and top guide bar is set.Sealing sliding sleeve is arranged on the top cover of slowing down pond or on the top deck of slowing down pond, is set in sealing sliding sleeve Sealing ring and sliding structure, top guide bar can slide in sealing sliding sleeve；Lower guide rod is slided and is positioned in lower guide pipe, lower guiding Pipe is provided with liquid-leaking nozzle.Function of the barrier screen with barrier thermal neutron or whole neutrons, obstruct on screen driver driving barrier screen Lower motion, mobile barrier screen change neutron distribution and neutron in primary tank and exchanged, and change reactor core reactivity and regulation and control reactor core with this Power.Shutdown work is performed by deflecting slowing down liquid loop, starts the power supply of shut-down procedure or cutting-off valve, normally opened lower fluid-delivery valve Close, normally closed upper fluid-delivery valve and lower return valve automatically turn on, and slowing down liquid flows rapidly into liquid storage tank, liquid storage tank by lower return duct Gas by upper return duct enter slowing down pond balance two pond air pressure, slowing down pond can not accumulate slowing down liquid, thermal neutron and thermal neutron Fission reaction disappears, and reactor core reactivity sharp fall, reaches passive shutdown purpose with this；Slowing down liquid follows from the bottom up during normal operation Ring, slowing down liquid is full of in slowing down pond, refrigerating function is efficient；The loop deflecting of slowing down liquid is circulates from top to bottom during shutdown, slowing down Liquid can continue executing with refrigerating function in the trickling of each device surface.
Breed fuel system
The content of breed fuel system includes：Breed bar system；The separating-purifying of breed fuel.
Breed fuel system is set in slowing down pond, and breed fuel system is cooled down by slowing down liquid.Breed fuel system is immersion Formula breed fuel system or isolated breed fuel system.The breed fuel raw material of immersion type breed fuel system（Convertible core Element）It is immersed in slowing down liquid, slowing down liquid exercises the part nucleic in solvent function dissolving breed fuel, passes through slowing down liquid loop band Go out reactor, and extracted in out-of-pile by ON-LINE SEPARATION.Immersion type breed fuel system construction is complicated, also add slowing down liquid Function load, slowing down liquid complicated component corrosivity is strong, high to the material requirements of slowing down pool structure, and slowing down liquid loop can be caused to tie Dirt, slowing down liquid loop is had a negative impact, operation difficulty is larger.Isolated breed fuel system is propagation bar system, is bred Fuel is filled in propagation rod, and breed fuel is isolated with moderator；Isolated propagation bar system simple structure efficiency high, slowing down Liquid purity is high, function is single, stability is high.
Breed bar system：
Breeding bar system main body includes slowing down liquid loop, propagation rod, propagation rod sleeve pipe, set pipe grid, Huan Bang mechanisms and attached Belong to device.Propagation rod is the bar-shaped cladding tubes construction of both ends sealing, filling breed fuel raw material in it（Fertile nuclide）.Propagation Rod sleeve pipe is finger sleeve, is to breed the disrance sleeve between rod and slowing down pond, is fixed on slowing down pond top cover or slowing down pond top deck Or on slowing down bottom of pond plate, outside slowing down pond, propagation rod sleeve pipe and stationary plane joint are seal construction for its openend.Breed rod Casing off breeds rod and slowing down liquid, is easy to breed the online replacing of rod, its length and cross sectional shape to be mutually adapted with propagation rod. Set pipe grid reinforces propagation rod sleeve pipe and prevents from deforming.Breed rod and breed the tube portions of rod sleeve pipe from high to neutron transparency Material, such as aluminium base or zirconium-based metallic material.Huan Bang mechanisms are to breed the online replacing facility of rod, and Huan Bang mechanisms may be provided at slowly Change pond either above or below, have obstacle above slowing down pond（Such as pipeline）Change rod barrier zone, rod side is changed in selection lower section Formula sets substitute to substitute propagation rod；Substitute is changed, substitute can without changing online when need only be uncapped in slowing down pond For secondary neutron source component or reflective bar or reaction rod, secondary neutron source component is used for reactor startup next time or new heap starts, Reaction rod is used to manufacture artificial element.The Huan Bang mechanisms of propagation bar system can be set the positioning function to breeding rod and move rod certainly Function.Auxiliary equipment includes temperature-detecting device, and temperature sensor is built in propagation rod, when temperature exceeds normally in propagation rod During value, showing to breed in rod has fission reaction, and U-233 content has reached extractible scope, and this rod must be changed；For Increase propagation rod and the radiating effect for breeding rod sleeve pipe, conductive fluid can be filled in propagation rod sleeve pipe or in propagation rod.
The Main Coolant efferent duct and other pipelines passed through above slowing down pond has an impact to online propagation rod of changing, its Method to set up is：
（One）, reduce slowing down pond whole height, Main Coolant efferent duct directly passes through above the top cover of slowing down pond.
（Two）, only reduce the height of the slowing down pond regional area that Main Coolant efferent duct passes through, this region forms closing " u "-shaped area, Main Coolant efferent duct are located in " u "-shaped area, and slowing down pond top cover is separated disconnected discontinuous by " u "-shaped.
（Three）, to reduce Main Coolant efferent duct to the online influence for changing propagation rod, can be defeated by the Main Coolant of correlation Go out tube section and be designed as flat-sided shape outlet and side flat pipeline, reduce shielded area.
Breeding rod includes bottom plug or bottom plate, cladding tubes, filler, temperature sensor and top ends.Filled in by bottom lower end Or bottom plate sealing, upper end are sealed by top ends, set operating head to be captured for Huan Bang mechanisms in top ends.Initial filler（Propagation Fuel feedstocks）For thorium compound, temperature sensor is placed in filler.It is use repeatly component or disposable structure to breed rod Part, repeatability propagation rod can be used for multiple times, and bottom plug and top ends can separate from cladding tubes, cladding tubes and bottom fill in and Top ends are to be threadedly coupled and seal.
The separating-purifying of breed fuel：
The separating-purifying of breed fuel uses a kind of insoluble compound separation process：Using certain class thorium compound than uranium chemical combination The inert characteristic of thing is separated, and breed fuel raw material is indissoluble thorium compound, the uranium chemical combination of this indissoluble thorium compound conversion Thing is solvable.Described insoluble compound be for certain specific solvent, therefore indissoluble thorium compound have it is a variety of；It is molten Agent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, and indissoluble thorium compound is crystalline solid thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt Or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound.
Indissoluble thorium compound separation process：Indissoluble thorium compound receives the increasing that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out in propagation rod Grow rod and place storeroom (9-11 month) and treat that Pa-233 fully decays for U-233 → take out breed fuel from propagation rod and carried out Crushing → breed fuel is taken out from propagation rod and crush →, the breed fuel after crushing puts into dissolving tank, after being sufficiently stirred Clarification → separation solution and precipitation；Sediment obtains Th-232 compounds after drying；The solution isolated carries out solute and molten Agent separates, and solute isolate is through being dried to obtain U-233 compounds.
The separating-purifying of breed fuel uses a kind of soluble compounds separation process：Breed fuel raw material is solvable thorium chemical combination Thing, the uranium compound of this solvable thorium compound conversion is also solvable.Described soluble compounds are specific for certain For solvent, thus solvable thorium compound have it is a variety of；Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, solvable thorium chemical combination Thing is noncrystalline thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound.
Solvable thorium compound separation process：Indissoluble thorium compound receives the increasing that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out in propagation rod Grow rod and place storeroom (9-11 month) and treat that Pa-233 fully decays for U-233 → take out breed fuel from propagation rod and carried out Breed fuel input dissolving tank after crushing → crushing, stirring and dissolving → breed fuel solution → extract U-233 from solution；From Solute re-dry is separated in extract and obtains U-233 compounds；Solute re-dry is separated from the surplus liquid after extraction and obtains Th- 232 compounds.
Other facilities
The content of other facilities includes：Main Coolant aids in heating and heat-insulating device；Main Coolant oxygen control system；Fission pond gas Room and fission gas cleaning system；Residual heat removal system；Neutron source mechanism and core survey device.
Main Coolant aids in heating and heat-insulating device：
Main Coolant is liquid heavy metal, particularly lead or lead bismuth eutectic；Major loop is main coolant loop, and major loop can Main Coolant is set to aid in heating and heat-insulating device, Main Coolant auxiliary heating and heat-insulating device is arranged on fission bottom of pond portion and circulation pipe Its function is Main Coolant and the prevention Main Coolant solidification of Melting And Solidification on road.
Main Coolant oxygen control system：
Liquid heavy metal has certain dissolved corrosion to metal material, and maximally effective anti-corrosion method is with oxygen control technology The integrality of metal oxide film surface is kept, available data is shown, in strictly control lead bismuth liquid under conditions of oxygen content, certain The protective oxide film of a little stainless steel surfaces can stand intact for a long time.Major loop sets oxygen control system, can reduce Main Coolant Corrosion to material, oxygen control system are gas phase oxygen control system or solid phase oxygen control system.Oxygen can be selected in the oxygen measuring probe of oxygen control system Change zirconium lambda sensor.
Gas phase oxygen control system：Gas phase oxygen control system body includes oxygen control gas return path, gas diffuser, air pump and prosecution Device.Oxygen control gas return path includes gas preparing room and circulation air flue, and oxygen control gas componant is formulated to properly by gas preparing room Ratio；Gas diffuser is the pipeline or container of main coolant flow warp, can contain agitating device, and gas diffuser can be by Main circulation pump or main circulation pipe or fission pond air chamber substitute；Oxygen control gas is blasted gas diffuser by air pump, and oxygen control gas is equal Even to be distributed in Main Coolant, the residual gas after a small amount of dissolving returns the redistribution of gas preparing room.Measuring and controlling device detects Gas component ratio in major loop oxygen content and oxygen control gas return path, and instruct gas preparing room to regulate and control each gas componant.Gas Phase oxygen control system can use ternary gas to combine, and ternary gas include oxidizing gas, reducibility gas and vector gas；Oxidation Property gas vapor or oxygen or carbon dioxide, vapor most easy-regulating can be selected；Hydrogen or an oxidation can be selected in reducing gas Carbon, most suitable with hydrogen, hydrogen can reduce excessive heavy metallic oxide and favorably remove solid impurity；Vector gas can be selected Argon gas, argon gas cost performance highest；Ternary gas combination can select H2O/ H2/ Ar or O2/ H2/ Ar or CO2/ CO/ Ar；Than Compared with it is possible that H2O/ H2/ Ar is combined, the H containing low-concentration hydrogen2/ Ar is passed through in the water of adjustable temperature and obtains water vapour content Adjustable H2O/ H2/ Ar。
Solid phase oxygen control system：Solid phase oxygen control system body includes mass exchanger and measuring and controlling device.Mass exchanger is to fill out Container type device equipped with oxide solid particle, may be provided on the branch road of major loop, and oxide solid particle can be a small amount of It is dissolved in Main Coolant, such as lead oxide PbO；Main Coolant flows through mass exchanger and solute is carried out on oxide solid particle Exchange, that is, carry out oxide dissolving and the deposition of solute of solid phase reaction.Measuring and controlling device includes temperature controller and flow controller, prosecution Device detects and adjusted temperature or flow velocity or the branch road service time for the Main Coolant for flowing through oxide solid particle, passes through control Oxide is dissolved with precipitation process to regulate and control the oxygen content in Main Coolant.Branch road power can be provided by major loop jet pressure difference. Solid phase oxygen control system can increase the regulation and control that a bypass sets hydride dissolver to coordinate major loop oxygen content, hydride dissolving Device may be provided at the other end of the major loop relative with mass exchanger.
Fission pond air chamber and fission gas cleaning system：
Fission pond air chamber can be set at the top of the fission pond of fixed reactor, caused gas or open type combustion in pond of fissioning The fission gas of charge bar discharge can be discharged to fission pond air chamber.Bilayer can be set using the fission pond of open type fuel stringer assembly Fission pond air chamber, the exhaust supervisor of open type fuel stringer assembly will fission pond air chamber point through reactor core top-gated plate, reactor core top-gated plate It is divided into fission pond upper chamber and fission pond lower chamber.
Reactor can be set fission gas cleaning system, and fission gas cleaning system is gas circulation cleaning system, function It is the fission gas composition of cooling-part and removal with chemism and core reactivity, such as iodine, xenon, bromine, caesium.Fission gas is net Change system is closed gas circulating circuit, and fission gas cleaning system main body is cold including fission pond air chamber, aspiration pump, gas purification But room, gas tank, distribution tank, gas preparing room, air delivery pump, flow control valve and supervising device.Fission gas is in gas purification Cooling chamber is cooled and purification, unnecessary purification gas are pressed into gas tank storage, and gas preparing room will be transferred as needed matches somebody with somebody Gas tank（Such as oxygen tank, hydrogen gas tank, argon tanks）In gas, the gas componant of allotment is reached particular/special requirement, such as oxygen content.It is double Slabbing become pond air chamber in gas flow be：Recyclegas is introduced into fission pond lower chamber, then passes through the gap between 2 air chambers Into fission pond upper chamber, pond of fissioning is then discharged out；The recyclegas flowed from the bottom up takes away fission gas and stops fission Gas contacts Main Coolant, prevents pernicious gas from polluting Main Coolant.The workflow of fission gas cleaning system is：Fission pond Air chamber → aspiration pump → gas purification cooling chamber → gas preparing room → air delivery pump → gas flow control valve → fission pond air chamber.
Reactor RHR system：
Reactor sets partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility and emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese.The partial circulating after shutdown Pump residual heat removal facility substitutes major circulatory system by Residual heat removal in heap.
Emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese：
Partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility hinders can not work for some reason during shutdown, and reactor enables emergent passive immediately Residual heat removal system.The position of emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese is higher than primary tank, and initial operation power is gravity, then Power come from steam.Emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese main body includes heat-carrying liquid case, cooling water tank, vacuum chamber, flow control Valve, trigger valve and pipeline processed.Position height is：Vacuum chamber highest, cooling water tank take second place, and are thirdly heat-carrying liquid case, pond of fissioning It is minimum.Heat-carrying liquid case, which stores pure water or the aqueous solution, the aqueous solution, can contain neutron-absorbing material, such as the boracic aqueous solution.Cooling water tank Cooling water is stored, cooling water inflow depends on the Residual heat removal amount of setting.Vacuum chamber when initial from absorb in primary tank and loop Gas function, piece air intake duct of vacuum chamber and a discharging tube, air intake duct connects the end of condenser pipe, discharging tube Connect heat-carrying liquid case.Flow control valve is normally off, is typically set at a flow rate set value, can also be adjusted by control circuit Size is saved, flow control valve can be normally closed electrically operated valve；Remaining valve is trigger valve, and trigger valve, which is in, during normal operation closes State, all passages are cut off, and trigger valve is in opening when emergent, and trigger valve can be normally closed electrically operated valve；Trigger valve is complete After portion is opened, reactor waste passive discharge fission pond in the form of water vapour.Whole system has two loops：One loop is Gas return path, another loop are water-vapour loops；The workflow of Heat Discharging System of Chinese is：
（One）, startup program：Reactor shutdown → partial circulating pump residual heat removal system cisco unity malfunction → startup is met an urgent need Heat Discharging System of Chinese.
（Two）, gas return path workflow：Vacuum chamber disposably absorbs the gas in primary tank and pipeline, pond air chamber of fissioning → steam pipe → condenser pipe → vacuum chamber ← discharging tube ← heat-carrying liquid case.
（Three）, water-vapour loop works flow：Heat-carrying liquid case → heat-carrying liquid → flow control valve → fission pond air chamber → scattered To Main Coolant surface → water vapour → steam pipe → condenser pipe → condensed water → heat-carrying liquid case.
Neutron source mechanism and core survey device：
Neutron source mechanism and core, which survey device, can be arranged on fission pond or slowing down pond, to be arranged on fission bottom of pond portion or slow Change is advisable at the top of pond.Fission pond more severe need to set the finger sleeve that can isolate with Main Coolant, and neutron source mechanism or core survey dress Put with plug-in unit insertion finger sleeve.Slowing down pond mild condition can use seal construction, and neutron source mechanism or core survey device can be direct Contact moderator.
Fission bottom of pond portion can be set neutron source mechanism, neutron source mechanism body include Neutron source assembly, neutron source cooler, Neutron source sleeve pipe, sliding sleeve and neutron Source drive.Neutron source sleeve pipe is the disrance sleeve of Neutron source assembly and Main Coolant, Neutron source sleeve pipe is connected with sliding sleeve and on same center line, both are fixed on fission bottom of pond plate, and the former, which is located at, splits Become in pond, the latter, can be from ON-LINE SEPARATION on fission pond except the remainder of both outside interruption mechanisms outside fission pond； The shape of cross section of neutron source sleeve pipe can be adapted with reactor fuel component, such as hexagon.Neutron source assembly seals for column Construction, its base portion are smooth slipper, and neutron source and coolant circulation passage are set inside Neutron source assembly；Neutron source is cold But device cooling Neutron source assembly, neutron source cooler is gas or liquid cooling loops, and cooling agent can be from Neutron source assembly center Into again from periphery backflow.The function of neutron Source drive is that driving Neutron source assembly slides in sliding sleeve, neutron source group The sliding type of part is to move up and down, and neutron Source drive can be motor-driven easy lifting platform（Such as fluid pressure type, screw rod Formula, rack-and-pinion）Or complicated electromagnetic driver.Fission bottom of pond portion sets neutron source mechanism to simplify fission pond construction, reduces Pond fission highly, reduces reactor manufacture difficulty.
Settable slowing down pond neutron source mechanism at the top of slowing down pond, slowing down pond neutron source mechanism body include Neutron source assembly, Seal sliding sleeve, sealing ring and neutron Source drive.Sealing sliding sleeve is fixed on the top cover of slowing down pond, and Neutron source assembly shell is smooth Cylindrical seal container, be provided with neutron source in it.Neutron source assembly forms slidable seal construction with sealing in sliding sleeve, Neutron Source drive drives Neutron source assembly to be moved in sealing sliding sleeve, and neutron Source drive is that boom hoisting or electromagnetic drive fill Put.Neutron source assembly is directly cooled down by moderator, and conductive fluid or heat-conducting gas enhancing cooling effect can be filled in Neutron source assembly. The neutron of Neutron source assembly release is thermal neutron in slowing down pond slowing down, and thermal neutron, which is exchanged into fission pond, triggers reactor core fission anti- Should.
Device in slowing down pond cools down by slowing down liquid, the plug-in unit in slowing down pond（Such as breed rod）Between disrance sleeve Gap can fill conductive fluid and improve cooling effectiveness.
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor type
The content of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor type includes：Double slowing down ponds couple nuclear reactor；Single external coupling in slowing down pond Synkaryon reactor；The built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond；Space Coupling nuclear reactor.
Double slowing down ponds couple nuclear reactor：Double slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactors are medium-sized or above fixed reactor, are fitted For power station, heat supply and desalinization.Reactor primary tank is double slowing down ponds coupled structure, and primary tank is detachable combined type structure Make, there is primary tank shell.Reactor possesses inside and outside double slowing down ponds, and interior slowing down pond is located at reactor center and constructed for tubbiness pond type, Outer slowing down pond is located on the outside of reactor to be constructed for ring-type pond type；Fission pond is located among two slowing down ponds to be constructed for ring-type pond type.Split Become the neutron exchange window that pond outboard sidewalls are provided with large area thin-wall configuration.Fission pond top seal is entered using metal sealing agent Row sealing, metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy.Fission pond is provided with fission pond air chamber, and fission pond top cover uses high intensity Lightweight top cover.Slowing down pond top cover is sealed using sealed silicone.Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod heap Core, fuel assembly can be open type fuel stringer assembly or enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and open type fuel assembly is better than enclosed fuel rod Component, fission pond height can be reduced.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop.Fuel is specially taken charge of in outer slowing down pond Propagation, be arranged to breed bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produce U-233 nuclear fuels.Core control is specially taken charge of in interior slowing down pond, its It is arranged to slowing down pit level core control system.Inside and outside double slowing down ponds are simultaneously quick during shutdown discharges slowing down liquid, and reactor is because of slowing down work( Can missing can not maintain chain reaction and shutdown.
Single external coupling nuclear reactor in slowing down pond：Single external coupling nuclear reactor in slowing down pond is diversity type of reactor, Scale can be that fixed heap can also be mobile heap from small-sized to large-scale.Reactor primary tank is detachable combined type structure Make, there is primary tank shell.Primary tank is single external coupled structure in slowing down pond, and fission pond is located at center and constructed for tubbiness pond type, slowly Change pond type construction in pond annular in shape on the outside of fission pond.The neutron that fission pond side wall is provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window. Fission pond top cover is sealed using metal sealing agent, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy.Slowing down pond top cover uses silicon Glue is sealed.Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down pond is provided with Slowing down liquid loop, slowing down pond set propagation bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produce U-233 nuclear fuels.Fixed list is slow Open type fuel assembly or enclosed fuel assembly can be used by changing the reactor core of the external coupling nuclear reactor in pond, and core control system uses slowing down Pit level core control system.The reactor core of the external coupling nuclear reactor in mobile model list slowing down pond uses enclosed fuel assembly, core control system Core control system is shielded using barrier.
The built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond：The built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond is the small-sized or miniature anti-of simplification Heap is answered, heat exchanger merges into a single whole with reactor.Reactor primary tank is that coupled structure, slowing down pond built in single slowing down pond are located at Reactor center constructs for tubbiness pond type, and moderator is heavy water or light-water；Fission pond is located at pond annular in shape type structure on the outside of slowing down pond Make.The neutron that fission pond madial wall is provided with large area thin-wall construction exchanges window.Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, fixes heap The settable fission pond air chamber in fission pond；Reactor core can use enclosed fuel stringer assembly or open type fuel stringer assembly（Fixed heap）, heap The settable conversion fuel region in core periphery, reactor core outside are provided with blind zone.Slowing down pond sets slowing down pit level core control system（It is fixed Heap）Or barrier screen core control system（Mobile heap）.Neutron source mechanism is arranged in fission pond or slowing down pond.Heat is set on the outside of reactor Pond is exchanged, a heat conductive wall is shared on the outside of the inner side and fission pond of heat-exchanger tank, heat-transfer pipe, Main Coolant is set on the outside of heat conductive wall Circulated in heat-transfer pipe and fission pond, fin is provided with heat-transfer pipe and heat conductive wall, heat-transfer pipe and heat conductive wall export heap jointly Core heat.For heat-exchanger tank equivalent to one, secondary circuit heat exchanger, secondary circuit cooling agent is water.Primary Ioops set explosive pipe and quick-fried Broken valve, when generation water leaks into heat-transfer pipe and enters collecting chamber, steam turns to steam, and the very light steam of proportion is upwardly into Explosive pipe, explosive valve compression rupture of membranes discharge vapor, can prevent water or steam from entering reactor core.Water leaks into fission pond air chamber When, the explosive pipe and explosive valve that set can also discharge vapor on pond top cover of fissioning.Deflector can be set in pond in fission.Primary Ioops It is provided with or without main circulation pump.Primary Ioops set main circulation pump：Main Coolant leans on forced circulation.Primary Ioops are not provided with master and followed Ring pump：Main Coolant leans on self-loopa.The heat exchanger effectiveness of the built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond is not high, suitable to be used as water temperature Degree requires less high nuclear-energy plant.
Space Coupling nuclear reactor：Reactor is the miniature or small space nuclear power unit of dereliction shell of tank, is reacted Heap radially can be not provided with shielding structure.Primary tank is single external coupled structure in slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness that fission pond, which is located at center, slowing down It is annular tubular that pond, which is located at outside, and moderator is graphite, is filled in tubular slowing down pond；Reactor uses the displacement kernel control of slowing down pond System, slowing down pond do not contact fission pond, and slowing down pond is moved axially centered on pond of fissioning.Main Coolant is liquid metal, Particularly liquid alkali metal, such as lithium -7, reactor core main body is made up of enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and mozzle can be set in fission pond.Fission Pond heat energy is conducted to thermoelectric conversion device by liquid metal.Displacement kernel control system in slowing down pond exercises moderation of neutrons and core control function, Displacement kernel control system in slowing down pond includes slowing down pond and slowing down pond drive mechanism.Slowing down pond drive mechanism main body drives including slowing down pond Device, clutch, centre pilot and resilient mounting.Centre pilot is axially fixed in fission bottom of pond plate center, clutch during normal operation Device is engaged with centre pilot, and slowing down pond driver is moved and positioned along centre pilot.Slowing down pond driver can be stepping or rotation Rotating motor, centre pilot are screw rod, and rotor axle center is hollow shape, and centre pilot passes through from rotor axle center, and motor turns Subring rotates around centre pilot.During normal operation, clutch engages with centre pilot, motor pushing slowing down pond drive mechanism along Centre pilot moves and positioning.During shutdown, clutch is separated with centre pilot, and slowing down pond is retracted or pushed back far by resilient mounting End, i.e. slowing down pond cause reactivity to decline and shutdown away from fission pond, reactor core due to a lack of degraded neutron.The elastic force of resilient mounting is by bullet Spring provides.
The technical advantages of the present invention are that：
（One）, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor Main Coolant can use the stable liquid heavy metal of chemical property, particularly Lead or lead bismuth eutectic, primary tank are run at ambient pressure, and reactor has inherent safety.
（Two）, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary tank be split as intercoupling but fission pond completely isolated from one another and Slowing down pond, sets thermal insulation layer between the two, and the function of relieving moderator and Main Coolant bundlees, and fission pond and slowing down pond can be each Optimize from towards best direction.Reactor critical piece is detachable and combines, and can implement modularized design.Its primary tank can be adopted With the few thin-wall configuration of consumptive material.Cheap iron element alloy and aluminium alloy, engineering difficulty and system is respectively adopted in fission pond and slowing down pond Cause this low.
（Three）, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor use moderator outside reactor core, soon-thermal neutron is realized in fast neutron reactor core Nuclear reaction is coupled, nuclear reaction efficiency greatly improves than fast reactor, and the content of reactor core fissile nuclide can significantly reduce.It is fast with other Heap is compared, and the first loading amount of expensive fissile nuclide declines, and fuel breeding efficiency improves, and can make " times week of Nuclear fuel breeding Phase " shortens.
（Four）, normal temperature and pressure is close in slowing down pond, can the extension slowing down pond function without difficulty ground.Slowing down pond can increase combustion The function that material propagation, coupling core control and core are surveyed.
（Five）, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can use slowing down pit level core control system, can quickly control all it is remaining instead Ying Xing, it is not necessary to control rod, regulating rod, shielding rod and Chemical Control.Pond of fissioning does not need neutron shield part radially, and reactor is whole The neutron-absorbing material that body uses is few, can both save equipment and materials expense, can also reduce neutron in heap and be lost, improve neutron warp Ji property.Can save costly and be difficult to the CRDM controlled, can lay down fission pond half or so weight and Function loads, and simplifies the construction of fission pond and reactor core, reduces fission pond height, and fission pond just corresponds to core barrel.It can implement Fission pond integral replacing is disposable retired（It is retired with reactor core replacing）, improve maintenance security and maintenance efficiency.
（Six）, in slowing down pond can implement the On-line testing of fuel breeding and breed fuel, realize Pa-233/ U-233 out-piles Conversion, reduces Pa-233 negative effect.Th-232 thermal-neutron capture cross-section is higher than fast neutron 19 times, slowing down pond breed fuel Containing only single nucleic Th-232, single efficient Th-232 thermal neutron capture reactions, the capture of fissile nuclide are initially only carried out Double losses of nuclear fuel caused by reaction and neutron can be ignored, so the neutron utilization rate of slowing down pond internal breeding fuel is high.Slowly Change pond breed fuel composition is single, and the chemical element that the breed fuel after conversion finally needs to separate only has Th-232 and U-233, I.e. either-or, nucleic separation is simple.Th-228 of the U-233 nuclear fuels produced in slowing down pond without transmitting energetic gamma rays Body, therefore the U-233 nuclear fuels produced in slowing down pond are safe, it is not necessary to the gamma-ray facility of protection of a high price and life Production. art.The thorium base spentnuclear fuel of heap in-core still has energetic gamma rays, can be by improving reactor core burnup, the production of increase slowing down pond The proportion of U-233 nuclear fuels is solved, and spentnuclear fuel can be made to post-process the frequency（That is closed loop number）It is greatly decreased, it could even be possible to Save.
（Seven）, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can use " candle formula reactor core ", can match with slowing down pit level core control system, Both progressively combustion system from the bottom up is supported, " candle formula reactor core " just dress fissile nuclide is distributed mainly on reactor fuel area Lower section, its concentration ladder are lower high low, and top fuel is accumulated by breeder reaction, and its accumulative speed moves up speed phase with combustion zone Adapt to, reactor core burn-up rate is more higher toward bottom, and just loading amount compares saving to this reactor core fissile nuclide, reactor core long lifespan, always Burn-up level is big.
（Eight）, simplify fission pond reactor core is used open type fuel stringer assembly, during open type fuel rod can be reduced Son loss, reduces fuel rod internal pressure, extends the life-span of fuel rod clad pipe, improves reactor core burn-up rate.Open type fuel rod is height Thermal conductivity advanced ceramics fuel（Such as nitride, carbide, silicide fuel）With condition is created, nitride can be overcome to fire The defects of expecting easy pyrolytic release nitrogen.More importantly advanced ceramics fuel is that solve thorium base spentnuclear fuel post-processing problem Optimal path, because the extremely difficult dissolving of thorium base oxide of sintering, must add hydrofluoric acid, meeting during dissolving in strong acid solution Cause the heavy corrosion of facility.
（Nine）, fast heap-type couples nuclear reactor nuclear fuel material based on cheap Th-232, be secondly nuke rubbish.Reactor core center Both it had been adapted to burning U-233, U-235 and Pu-239, and had been also suitable for the transuranic element that burns, a solution can be provided for presurized water reactor nuke rubbish Certainly approach.Using cheap thorium and nuke rubbish, fuel cost reduces, and the utilization rate of nuclear resource improves, global nuclear fission energy can Duration can rise to more than 10000 years.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 vertical connections sleeve pipe dismounts schematic diagram；
The non-perpendicular connection sleeve pipe dismounting schematic diagrames of Fig. 2；
Fig. 3 is non-perpendicular to turn vertical connection sleeve pipe dismounting schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 frame skin structure primary tank schematic diagrames；
Fig. 5 thin-walled reinforcing plate structure primary tank schematic diagrames；
Fig. 6 primary tank top seal agent seal construction schematic diagrames；
The double slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor profilographs of Fig. 7；
The double slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor drawings in side sectional elevation of Fig. 8；
The external coupling nuclear reactor profilograph in the mono- slowing down ponds of Fig. 9；
The external coupling nuclear reactor drawing in side sectional elevation in the mono- slowing down ponds of Figure 10；
The built-in coupling nuclear reactor profilograph in the mono- slowing down ponds of Figure 11；
The built-in coupling nuclear reactor drawing in side sectional elevation in the mono- slowing down ponds of Figure 12；
Figure 13 Space Coupling nuclear reactor profilographs；
Figure 14 Space Coupling nuclear reactor drawings in side sectional elevation；
Figure 15 protective covers are the fuel inner bag schematic diagram of fingerstall tubulose；
Figure 16 protective covers are the fuel inner bag schematic diagram of hat shape；
Figure 17 loads the open type fuel rod schematic diagram of fuel inner bag；
Figure 18 open types fuel rod and threaded connection schematic diagram；
The fuel rod bottom plug structure figure of Figure 19 threaded connections；
The fuel rod bottom plug structure figure that Figure 20 is welded to connect；
Figure 21 inlays the fuel rod bottom plug structure figure of connection；
Figure 22 cluster open type fuel assembly schematic diagrames；
Figure 23 ferrule openings formula fuel assembly schematic diagrames；
Figure 24 valveless exhaust component vertical section schematic diagrams；
Figure 25 valveless exhaust components（Claw）Top view；
Figure 26 has valve exhaust component vertical section schematic diagram；
Figure 27 Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valve profilographs；
The meltable heavy metal relief valve profilographs of Figure 28；
The double relief valve profilographs of Figure 29；
Figure 30 encloseds fuel rod and threaded connection schematic diagram；
Figure 31 cluster enclosed fuel assembly schematic diagrames；
Figure 32 sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly schematic diagrames；
Figure 33 fission gas cleaning system schematic diagrames；
Figure 34 fission gas cleaning system workflow diagrams；
Figure 35 Main Coolant gas phase oxygen control schematic diagrames；
Figure 36 Main Coolant solid phase oxygen control schematic diagrames；
Figure 37 slowing down pit level core control system schematics；
Figure 38 barrier screen core control system schematics；
Figure 39 tubulars barrier screen structure chart；
Figure 40 arcs barrier screen structure chart；
Figure 41 fission bottom of pond portion neutron source structural scheme of mechanism；
Neutron source structural scheme of mechanism at the top of Figure 42 slowing downs pond；
The emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese schematic diagrames of Figure 43；
Figure 44 indissolubles breed fuel extracts separation process figure；
The solvable breed fuel extraction separation process figures of Figure 45.
Mark compares with title in figure：101 primary tank shells；132 coverings；133 frameworks；142 thin-walleds；143 gussets；150 Container side wall；151 container caps；152 annular ditch grooves；153 ring-type skirtboards；154 sealants；155 locking devices；175 adapter sleeves Pipe；176 fix tube head；177 detachable tube heads；Tube head on 178；179 times tube heads；180 tube heads；201 fission ponds；202 fission ponds Top cover；203 fission pond side walls；205 fission bottom of pond plates；209 heat-insulation layers；211 side wall thermal insulation layers；212 heat-insulating load-bearing layers；221 split Become pond air chamber；222 fission pond upper chambers；223 fission pond lower chambers；231 Main Coolant imports；232 Main Coolants export；233 Mozzle；234 deflectors；235 main circulation pumps；236 main circulation pipes；250 reactor cores；251 reactor core bases；255 reactor core top-gated plates； 256 reactor core bottom gate plates；258 blind zones；281 gas preparing rooms；282 gas diffusers；283 air pumps；285 mass exchangers； 286 oxide solid particles；287 temperature controllers；289 flow controllers；301 slowing down ponds；Slowing down pond in 302；303 outer slowing down ponds； 305 slowing down pond top covers；306 slowing down pond side walls；307 slowing down bottom of pond plates；365 propagation rods；366 propagation rod sleeve pipes；367 sleeve pipe lattice Frame；400 neutron sources；401 neutron source mechanisms；411 Neutron source assemblies；413 neutron Source drives；415 neutron source sleeve pipes；426 slide Dynamic sleeve pipe；427 sealing sliding sleeves；429 cooling medium pumps；431 neutron source coolers；501 heat-exchanger tank side walls；502 heat-exchanger tanks； 503 heat conductive walls；504 heat-transfer pipes；505 fin；507 collecting chambers；508 explosive pipes；509 explosive valves；511 water inlet pipes；512 water outlets Pipe；553 slowing down pond drivers；555 centre pilots；558 springs；601 liquid storage tanks；602 slowing down liquid coolers；605 liquid streams control Device；611 shutdown valves；631 bubblers；632 infusion pumps；633 woven hoses；635 return ducts；638 gas equalizing lines；Infused on 655 Pipe；Fluid-delivery valve on 656；661 lower infusion tubes；662 times fluid-delivery valves；Return duct on 663；665 times return ducts；666 times return valves； 681 barrier screens；682 barrier screen drivers；683 transmission belts；685 top guide bars；691 sealing rings；695 lower guide rods；696 downcomers； 700 open type fuel rods；703 fuel inner bags；Bile duct in 705；707 bottom plugs；708 top plugs；709 injecting holes；710 air injection pipes；711 Protective cover；712 times transition zones；713 fuel regions；Transition zone on 714；717 air cavitys；721 holddown springs；722 fillers；Under 725 End plug；726 upper end plugs；728 cladding tubes；729 degassing conduits；731 degassing conduits boundlings；732 sealing sleeve pipes；734 boss；735 Groove；737 screws；738 screws；742 notches；743 pads；747 keyways；751 constrictions；752 retention gases；753 sealings Head；754 claw-likes connect；755 exhaust supervisors；756 injecting holes；757 relief valves；759 cooling agents portal；761 constriction bearing plates； 765 adsorbents；766 adsorbent locators；767 adsorbent holddown springs；771 open type fuel rods；772 cluster top-gated plates；773 Cluster bottom gate plate；Base on 774；775 bottom nozzles；776 skeleton pipes；777 grid spacers；778 top grid spacers；779 bottoms Grid spacer；781 standing screws；782 fastening screws；785 pins；786 cooling agents enter hole；787 seals；788 fixed threads； 789 main sleeve pipes；791 cushion blocks；795 enclosed fuel rods；811 valve chests；812 lower valve bodies；813 upper valve bodies；814 springs；815 springs Positioning head；816 housing pins；818 passages；822 caps；825 meltable heavy metals；827 anticreep plugs；831 center tracheaes； 912 aspiration pumps；913 gas purification cooling chambers；914 gas preparing rooms；915 distribution tanks；916 gas tanks；917 air delivery pumps；918 gas Body flow control valve；931 heat-carrying liquid cases；932 cooling water tanks；933 condenser pipes；934 vacuum chambers；935 air intake ducts；936 discharging tubes； 937 flow control valves；938 trigger valves；939 steam pipes.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment one：The implementation of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction
As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10：
Reactor primary tank is split as to mutually completely isolated fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301, heap is set in pond of fissioning Core 250, reactor core have fast neutron reactor core characteristic, moderator built in slowing down pond 301.
Fission pond 201 is mutually inlayed with slowing down pond 301 or packaged type combines, couples both 26S Proteasome Structure and Functions, Thermal insulation layer is set between fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301, obstructs both heat exchanges, slowing down pond 301 is can be controlled in close to normal The state of normal temperature and pressure；Moderator is separated with Main Coolant, both are structurally and functionally no longer bundling, fission pond 201 and heap Core 250 is without moderator, and Main Coolant is by pond 201 of fissioning without by slowing down pond 301；Allow neutron through the fission He of pond 201 Construction between slowing down pond 301, fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301 is carried out neutron and exchange and carry out coupling nuclear reaction, reactor core Caused fast neutron and enter the degraded neutron in fission pond 201 from the internal reflection of slowing down pond 301 and can make reactor core while carry out fast neutron And degraded neutron（Including thermal neutron and intermediate neutron）The coupling nuclear reaction of initiation, fission pond 201 have fast neutron reactor Characteristic and function, thermal neutron nuclear reaction can be carried out in slowing down pond 301（Such as thermal neutron capture reaction）.
Coupling core control system is set in slowing down pond 301, implements coupling core control and passive shutdown using nuclear reaction is coupled；Profit With the controllability displacement in the degraded neutron function of moderator and the controllability of moderator or slowing down pond, pass through change fission pond 201 Neutron between slowing down pond 301 exchanges the reactivity of control reactor core 250；Slowing down pond 301 is set to lose moderation of neutrons work(during shutdown Can, terminate slowing down pond 301 and convey degraded neutron to reactor core 250, reactor core reactivity rapid decrease causes chain reaction of nuclear fission can not Maintain, so as to realize passive shutdown.
Using the high efficiency of thermal neutron nuclear reaction, in slowing down pond close under conditions of normal temperature and pressure, implement Nuclear fuel breeding With the On-line testing of breed fuel, Pa-233/ U-233 conversions and Th-232/ U-233 separation are realized in out-of-pile； Set in slowing down pond 301 can refuelling online breed fuel system, initial breed fuel raw material is containing only a kind of nucleic Th- 232, Th-232 thermal capture nuclear reaction is only carried out, avoids or reduce neutron caused by Pa-233 and U-233 capture neutrons With the dual loss of effective nuclear fuel, improve propagation efficiency and neutron utilization rate is high.Slowing down pond physical condition is gentle, On-line testing Breed fuel does not have difficulty, and the nucleic separation in later stage is simple, only need to carry out the either-or letter of two elements of Th-232/ U-233 Single separation.
Optimize fuel element and Core Design（Such as use candle formula Core Design）, improve nuclear reaction efficiency and burn-up rate.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, optimize reactor primary tank material and structure, big face is set in reactor primary tank side wall The neutron exchanging window of product thin-wall configuration, increases neutron exchange efficiency while structural strength is ensured.
By reactor primary tank shortization, simplification, cost degradation and modularization, the integral replacing or reality in implementation fission pond It is disposably retired to apply fission pond module（Fission pond is retired with reactor core replacing）, improve maintenance efficiency and overall security.Will be anti- Heap major component module is answered, makes reactor detachable and combines.
The difficult point of fractionation and the restructuring of reactor module is mainly manifested in the fractionation and restructuring of pipeline.Using the set easily recombinated Pipe connects and method for splitting, simplifies the fractionation and restructuring of reactor module, and sleeve pipe connection is vertical socket or non-with method for splitting Vertical socket or non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket.
As shown in figure 1, vertical socket：Connection sleeve pipe 175 is longer to be repeatedly used, and lower section tube head is fixed tube head 176, top tube head is detachable tube head 177, and two tube heads are installed in same vertical central with vertical lifting；For the first time Before connection, connection sleeve pipe 175 is welded on lower tube head 179 in advance, upper tube head 178 is aligned and inserts adapter sleeve a little during connection Welded after pipe 175, it is optimal to weld simple to operate and welding effect up；Only need to be in the weldering of the upper end of connection sleeve pipe 175 during fractionation The cutting separation of place lower section is connect, connection sleeve pipe 175 slightly shortens；The residue cleared up during restructuring in connection sleeve pipe 175, upper tube head phase Than previous appropriate lengthening, previous connection flow is repeated.
As shown in Fig. 2 non-perpendicular socket：Non-perpendicular socket is installed based on being connected with horizontal pipe with vertical lifting, It is detachable tube head 177 to be connected to the tube head split in module, and corresponding another tube head is to fix tube head 176, connection sleeve pipe 175 Shorter is disposable unit, gradually lengthens connection sleeve pipe 175 on demand later or lengthens detachable tube head 177 in right amount；During connection Connection sleeve pipe 175 is covered on fixed tube head 176 in advance but wouldn't be welded, the sleeve pipe 175 that is slidably connected exposes fixed tube head 176, Two tube heads alignment rear enclosure upper joint sleeve pipe 175, is then respectively welded both ends；Whole connection sleeve pipe 175 need to be cut away during fractionation, weight The new connection sleeve pipe 175 being of convenient length is changed during Combination nova, repeats previous connection flow；The welding of non-perpendicular socket is difficult Degree is high, and welding effect is not easy to ensure.
As shown in figure 3, non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket：Two pipelines of connection are non-perpendicular pipeline, need to will connect two Tube head is separately converted to concentric vertical tube head with elbow, and fixed tube head 176 is under, and detachable tube head 177 is upper, thereafter Connection, split and recombination method with it is vertical be socketed it is identical.
Embodiment two：Double slowing down ponds couple nuclear reactor
As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, double slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactors are medium-sized or above fixed reactor, suitable for electricity Stand, heat supply and desalinization.Reactor primary tank is double slowing down ponds coupled structure, and primary tank is detachable combined type structure, is had Primary tank shell 101.Reactor possesses inside and outside double slowing down ponds, and interior slowing down pond 302 is located at reactor center and constructed for tubbiness pond type, Outer slowing down pond 303 is located on the outside of reactor to be constructed for ring-type pond type；It is ring-type pond type structure that fission pond 201, which is located among two slowing down ponds, Make.The neutron that the fission outboard sidewalls of pond 201 are provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window.Fission pond top seal uses metal Sealant is sealed, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy, and fission pond top cover uses high-strength light top cover.Slowing down pond Top cover is sealed using sealed silicone.Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core, and fuel assembly can be Open type fuel stringer assembly or enclosed fuel stringer assembly, open type fuel assembly are better than enclosed fuel stringer assembly, can reduce and split Become pond height.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop.Fuel breeding is specially taken charge of in outer slowing down pond 303, is arranged to increase Grow bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produce U-233 nuclear fuels.Core control is specially taken charge of in interior slowing down pond 302, and it is arranged to slowing down Pit level core control system.Quick discharge slowing down liquid, reactor stop because of slowing down afunction simultaneously in inside and outside double slowing down ponds during shutdown Heap.
Embodiment three：The external coupling nuclear reactor in fixed list slowing down pond
As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, the external coupling nuclear reactor in fixed list slowing down pond arrives large-scale reactor to be small-sized, fits For power station, heat supply and desalinization.Primary tank is detachable combined type structure, there is primary tank shell 101.Reactor primary tank For single external coupled structure in slowing down pond, fission pond is located at center and constructed for tubbiness pond type, and slowing down pond is in ring on the outside of fission pond Shape pond type construction.The neutron that the fission lateral wall of pond 201 is provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window.Fission pond top cover uses metal Sealant is sealed, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy, and fission pond top cover uses high-strength light top cover.Slowing down pond Top cover is sealed using sealed silicone.Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core, and fuel assembly can be Open type fuel stringer assembly or enclosed fuel stringer assembly, open type fuel stringer assembly are better than enclosed fuel stringer assembly, can reduced Pond fission highly.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down liquid loop is unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, and core control system is slowing down pit level core control system System；Slowing down liquid, reactor shutdown because of slowing down afunction are quickly discharged in slowing down pond during shutdown.Slowing down pond is provided with propagation rod system System, can On-line testing breed fuel, produce U-233 nuclear fuels.
Example IV：The external coupling nuclear reactor in mobile model list slowing down pond
As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, the external fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor in mobile model list slowing down pond is miniature or Small nuclear power Device, such as ship power.It is identical with the major part of embodiment six, except that：Fuel assembly is enclosed fuel stringer assembly；Slowing down Pond 301 sets deflecting slowing down liquid loop, and core control system is barrier screen core control system.
Embodiment five：The built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond
As shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, the built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond is simplified small-sized or miniature nuclear reactor, hot Exchanger merges into a single whole with reactor.Reactor primary tank is coupled structure built in single slowing down pond, and slowing down pond 301 is positioned at reaction Heap center constructs for tubbiness pond type, and moderator is heavy water or light-water.Fission pond 201 is located at the outside of slowing down pond 301 pond type annular in shape Construction.The neutron that fission pond madial wall 203 is provided with large area thin-wall construction exchanges window.Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, The settable fission pond air chamber in fission pond；Reactor core uses solid fuel bar reactor core, and reactor core periphery, which can be set, changes fuel region, outside reactor core Side is provided with blind zone 258.Slowing down pond sets slowing down pit level core control system（Fixed heap）Or barrier screen core control system（It is mobile Heap）；Neutron source mechanism 401 is arranged in fission pond or slowing down pond.Heat-exchanger tank 502 is set on the outside of reactor, heat-exchanger tank A heat conductive wall 503 is shared on the outside of inner side and fission pond, the outside of heat conductive wall 503 sets heat-transfer pipe 504, and Main Coolant is in heat-transfer pipe 504 and fission pond 201 in circulate, be provided with fin 505, heat-transfer pipe 504 and heat conductive wall on heat-transfer pipe 504 and heat conductive wall 503 503 common export reactor core heats.For heat-exchanger tank 502 equivalent to one, secondary circuit heat exchanger, secondary circuit cooling agent is water；One time Road sets explosive pipe 508 and explosive valve 509, when generation water leaks into heat-transfer pipe 504 and enters collecting chamber 507, water vapor For steam, the very light steam of proportion is upwardly into explosive pipe 508, the compression rupture of membranes of explosive valve 509 discharge vapor, can prevent water or Steam enters reactor core；When water leaks into fission pond air chamber 221, the explosive pipe 508 and explosive valve that are set on pond top cover 202 of fissioning 509 can also discharge vapor.Deflector 234 can be set in pond in fission；Primary Ioops are provided with or without main circulation pump；Primary Ioops Main circulation pump 235 is set：Main Coolant leans on forced circulation；Primary Ioops are not provided with main circulation pump：Main Coolant leans on self-loopa.
Embodiment six：Space Coupling nuclear reactor
As shown in Figure 13, Figure 14, reactor be dereliction shell of tank miniature or small space nuclear power unit, reactor Shielding structure is radially omitted, mitigates weight.Primary tank is single external coupled structure in slowing down pond, and it is bucket that fission pond 201, which is located at center, Shape, it is annular tubular that slowing down pond 301, which is located at outside, and moderator is graphite, is filled in tubular slowing down pond；Reactor uses slowing down Pond displacement kernel control system, slowing down pond 301 do not contact fission pond 201, and slowing down pond 301 carries out axial shifting centered on pond 201 of fissioning It is dynamic.Main Coolant is liquid metal, particularly liquid alkali metal, and such as lithium -7, the main body of reactor core 250 is by enclosed fuel stringer assembly structure Into mozzle 233 can be set in fission pond.The fission heat energy of pond 201 is conducted to thermoelectric conversion device by liquid metal.The displacement of slowing down pond Core control system, which exercises moderation of neutrons and core control function, slowing down pond displacement kernel control system, includes slowing down pond 301 and slowing down pond driving machine Structure.Slowing down pond drive mechanism main body includes slowing down pond driver 553, clutch, centre pilot 555 and resilient mounting；Lead at center Bar 555 is axially fixed in the center of fission bottom of pond plate 205.Slowing down pond driver 553 is stepping or electric rotating machine, centre pilot 555 For screw rod, rotor axle center is hollow shape, and centre pilot 555 passes through from rotor axle center, and rotor is led around center Bar 555 rotates.During normal operation, clutch is engaged with centre pilot 555, and motor pushing slowing down pond drive mechanism is led along center Bar 555 is moved and positioned；During shutdown, clutch is separated with centre pilot 555, and slowing down pond 301 is retracted or pushed back by resilient mounting Distally, i.e., slowing down pond 301 causes reactivity to decline and shutdown away from fission pond 201, reactor core due to a lack of degraded neutron.
Embodiment seven：Side wall is provided with the nuclear reactor fission pond of large area neutron exchanging window
Traditional reactor primary tank only has one, and primary tank does not set neutron and exchanges window, but sets shielding part to prevent neutron Leak out, primary containment structure uses even structure.Large area neutron exchanging window right and wrong described in above-described embodiment Homogeneous texture, describe in detail in the present embodiment.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary tank side wall 203 can be set large area neutron and exchange window Mouth increase neutron exchange capacity, neutron exchanging window are generally located on fission pond side wall 203.Fission pond side wall is subjected to neutron exchange Region be arranged to thin-wall configuration, form neutron exchanging window.Thin-wall configuration uses frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure. Frame skin structure is the sidewall sections setting framework 133 in neutron exchange area, and thin plate covering 132, framework are set on framework Fission pond part beyond stressed-skin construction can use non-thin-wall configuration, and the side wall such as bottom plate, close to bottom and top uses heavy wall Construction.Thin-walled reinforcing plate structure is side wall based on thin-walled 142, sets gusset 143 to reinforce on thin-walled 142.Frame skin structure Or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure can disposable unitary construction.Fission pond side wall vertical symmetry position sets main frame or main gusset, hangs Dress load is undertaken by main frame or main gusset.In the big position of fission pond load, special ruggedized construction, such as Main Coolant are set Exit sets reinforced frame or stiffener plate.Fission pond side wall upper limb is arranged to seal construction can be close with fission pond top cover progress Envelope, forms the closed primary tank of fission pond 201.
Embodiment eight：It is built in the fuel inner bag of fuel rod
Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor uses fuel stringer assembly reactor core, and traditional fuel rod is that fuel is directly filled into fuel In rod.Fuel inner bag 703 is the inclusion enclave of fuel, is filled into integral form in fuel rod, isolates fuel and fuel rod.Fuel Inner bag 703 bears stress and the corrosion of fuel, protection fuel rod clad pipe 728 at first.Fuel inner bag 703 is seal, can be with Individually long-term storage.
As shown in Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17, the main body of fuel inner bag 703 includes interior bile duct 705, bottom plug 707, pushes up plug 708, fills out Fill thing 722, holddown spring 721, injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710.The external diameter of fuel inner bag 703 is slightly less than fuel rod clad pipe 728 Internal diameter, reserve fuel volumetric growth space.Interior bile duct 705 is the involucrum of fuel inner bag 703, and the interior both ends of bile duct 705 are by bottom plug 707 and top The sealing of plug 708.Top plug 708 is provided with injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710.Filler is set in fuel inner bag（Including fuel）With Holddown spring 721, injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710 are used for pumping or gas injection or exhaust；Injecting hole 709 is poroid, air injection pipe 710 be short tube shape, and injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710 may be configured as self-opening sealing structure, be sealed after gas injection is completed. Fuel inner bag 703 heat up or boost or heating plus boosting after, injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710 are voluntarily open exhaust, self-opening Sealing structure is construction or the fusible sealing-plug of can bursting.Can be burst construction：Air injection pipe 710 can burst, and explosion type is low-intensity Material bursts or low-intensity structure bursts.Low-intensity material is that the material of air injection pipe 710 becomes for low-intensity material or heated rear intensity Low material, when the temperature of fuel inner bag 703 rise air pressure inside increases, air injection pipe 710 is pressurized, and voluntarily opening is vented for explosion；It is low strong Degree structure is that explosion groove is set in air injection pipe 710, and gas injection tube wall is very thin at the groove that bursts, and air pressure official post explosion groove forms crack, note The cracking exhaust of tracheae 710.Fusible sealing-plug：Fusible sealing-plug is fusible after heating, can be by single sealant or a variety of sealings Agent is formed, and a variety of sealants are the different sealants of a variety of fusing points, and sealing-plug outer layer fusing point be less than internal layer, outer layer sealing during sealing Agent is equivalent to cored solder, and sealing-plug is heated after reactor core startup heating is completely melt, injecting hole 709 opens exhaust.Fuel inner bag 703 Top can set up protective cover 711, and protective cover 711 is fingerstall tubulose or hat shape, and the exchange of hole supplied gas is furnished with protective cover 711, Protective cover 711 is arranged at outside injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710.After fuel inner bag 703 completes gas injection sealing, fingerstall tubulose is prevented Shield 711 is directly welded at top 708 tops of plug；When fuel inner bag 703 is loaded into fuel rod, hat shape protective cover 711 is by fuel Rod holddown spring is fixed on top plug 708.Protective cover 711 prevents burst thing or splashings contact fuel rod clad pipe 728；Combustion Charge bar or fuel inner bag 703 can fill heat transfer medium, such as helium, sodium.
The directly filler particles fuel preferably of fuel inner bag 703, can solve advanced ceramics fuel and be not easy sinter molding Problem, fuel inner bag 703 can constrain granular fuel from sinter molding.Fuel particle contacts closely with interior bile duct 705, interior bile duct 705 bear swelling stress at first, and after fuel is inflated gradually to maximum gauge, fuel inner bag 703 is compacted with cladding tubes 728 Together, heat transfer efficiency increase, overall heat transfer efficiency are better than pellet fuel, favourable to reduce fuel rod temperature.Initial heat transfer can By gas or liquid heat transfer medium, such as helium or sodium.Fuel inner bag 703 isolates fuel with cladding tubes 728, alleviates involucrum Stress and corrosion suffered by pipe 728, cladding tubes 728 are not easily broken, favourable to extend the fuel rod life-span.Fuel inner bag 703 makes fuel rod The inwall of cladding tubes 728 is by insulation blocking, according to the function and local environment difference, Liang Zheke of interior bile duct 705 and cladding tubes 728 To use different materials, optimize towards different directions.
Embodiment nine：Open type fuel rod
The fission pond of simplified fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor is only equivalent to core barrel, the settable fission in fission pond top Pond air chamber 221, reactor core can use open type fuel stringer assembly, and the exhaust outlet of fuel assembly can reach fission pond air chamber 221, the fission gas of discharge can not contact Main Coolant.
As shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18, open type fuel stringer assembly is made up of the combination of open type fuel rod 700；Open type fuel The agent structure of rod 700 is the bar-shaped cladding tubes construction of bottom end closure and top end opening, and degassing conduits are provided with top end opening 729。
The main body of open type fuel rod 700 includes lower end plug 725, cladding tubes 728, holddown spring 721, upper end plug 726, exhaust Tubule 729, filler 722 or fuel inner bag 703.Fuel rod both ends are respectively welded end plug, and bottom is sealed by lower end plug 725, Opening is set in upper end plug 726, and opening is welded with degassing conduits 729, and fission gas is discharged by degassing conduits 729, open type Fuel rod 700 is without air cavity or has shorter upper air cavity 717, and holddown spring 721 is set on filler 722 or fuel inner bag 703；Combustion Filler 722 in charge bar or fuel inner bag 703 sets identical, 722 Radionuclide Duan Kefen of filler, tri- areas, divides from the bottom up Wei not descend transition zone 712, fuel region 713 and upper transition zone 714, upper and lower transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, at the beginning of fuel region 713 Equipped with fissile nuclide.Fuel rod filler sets up one or two blind zone, and it is remaining that blind zone sets neutron absorber to shield Neutron, increase reactor core axial shield function.One blind zone is set：In filler topmost, blind zone on one is set.Set Two blind zones：In the case where the foot of filler is set, blind zone and top set blind zone.Fuel rod filler 722 is set up Adsorption zone, adsorption zone filled honeycomb shape solid adsorbent absorption fission volatile matter, adsorption zone are located at upper transition zone 714 and upper shielding Between area or positioned at filler 722 topmost, adsorption zone can exchange position with upper blind zone.Fuel rod filler is from lower past On have the combination of six kinds of primary partitions：Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone；Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-absorption Area；Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper blind zone；Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shielding Area；Lower blind zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper blind zone；Lower blind zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper conversion Area-adsorption zone-upper blind zone.
Embodiment ten：Open type fuel stringer assembly
Open type fuel stringer assembly is made up of the combination of open type fuel rod 700, and open type fuel stringer assembly is cluster opening Formula fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly；Cluster open type fuel assembly dereliction sleeve pipe, ferrule openings formula fuel assembly There is main sleeve pipe 789.Open type fuel assembly top is provided with exhaust component.
As shown in figure 22, cluster open type fuel assembly：Cluster open type fuel assembly includes bottom nozzle 775, cluster bottom Screen 773, skeleton pipe 776, grid spacer 777, open type fuel rod 700, upper base 774 and exhaust component；Skeleton pipe 776, Grid spacer 777 and upper bottom nozzle collectively form the skeleton of fuel assembly, and multiple grid spacers are fixed in skeleton tube bank, skeleton The both ends of pipe 776 are fixed with upper bottom nozzle.Skeleton pipe 776 divides amphitypy, and the first type is insertion blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe（As core is surveyed Use guide pipe）；Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe both ends are welded with end plug, are fixed by end plug and upper bottom nozzle, are provided with real pipe Transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity, real pipe is equivalent to conversion fuel rod.Fuel rod is worn from grid spacer 777 Cross and restrained positioning.Fuel rod lower end is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate 773, and cluster bottom gate plate 773 is fixed on bottom nozzle 775 Hold or be fixed on skeleton pipe 776.
As shown in figure 23, ferrule openings formula fuel assembly：Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly includes pin 785, cluster bottom gate Plate 773, main sleeve pipe 789, open type fuel rod 700 and exhaust component.Pin 785 is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, pin 785 It is additionally provided with fixture construction（Such as bolt structure）Fixed with reactor core bottom gate plate 256, there are multiple cooling agents to enter hole 786 on pin 785 With the structure of control leakage current amount.Fuel rod bottom is fixed with cluster bottom gate plate 773, and cluster bottom gate plate 773 is fixed on main sleeve pipe 789 Lower end or the upper end of pin 785.
Liquid heavy metal Main Coolant buoyancy is very big, and fuel rod and fuel assembly must all be fixed using lower end.
As shown in Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21, fuel rod bottom is fixed：Fuel assembly bottom is provided with cluster bottom gate Plate 773, fuel rod are fixed on cluster bottom gate plate 773, and fixed form is is screwed or be welded and fixed or inserted fixation.Spiral shell Line is fixed：The lower end of end plug 725 and cluster bottom gate plate 773 are provided for the boss 734 of positioning, groove 735 and for fixed Screw 738, first inlays boss 734 and groove 735 positions（It can prevent fuel rod rotation from loosening）Screw thread is carried out with screw 737 again to consolidate It is fixed；Another construction is the end of end plug 725 corresponding with the mutually setting of cluster bottom gate plate 773 screw and screw under fuel rod 738 are screwed.It is welded and fixed：The end set notch 742 of end plug 725 under fuel rod, the strip grate of cluster bottom gate plate 773 The notch 742 of the lower end plug 725 of plate insertion is welded and fixed again.Inserted fixation：The end set keyway 747 of end plug 725 under fuel rod, Corresponding cluster guide rail is set on cluster bottom gate plate, and cluster guide rail slides into keyway 747 and carries out inserted fixation.
Fuel rod top positions：Open type fuel stringer assembly can set the progress fuel rod of cluster top-gated plate 772 top to determine Position, cluster top-gated plate 772 are fixed on the upper end of fuel assembly main body, i.e., in the upper base 774 or main upper end of sleeve pipe 789；Cluster top Positioning hole and coolant hole are provided with screen 772, degassing conduits 729 make fuel through the positioning hole on cluster top-gated plate 772 Rod is positioned, and antirattle spring is set between fuel rod upper end plug 726 and cluster top-gated plate 772, and antirattle spring is enclosed on degassing conduits 729 Base portion.The base portion of fuel rod degassing conduits 729 for needing top to position suitably can thicken in overstriking, strengthen the intensity of external force resistance.
Fuel assembly is fixed：The bottom nozzle 775 or pin 785 of fuel stringer assembly are fixed with reactor core bottom gate plate 256（Such as bolt Construction）.
It can be positioned at the top of fuel assembly using reactor core top-gated plate 255, open type fuel stringer assembly is responsible for 755 upper ends to be vented Positioning hole through reactor core top-gated plate 255 is positioned.
Exhaust component：The top of open type fuel stringer assembly sets exhaust component, and exhaust component main body includes constriction 751 With exhaust supervisor 755.Constriction 751 is located at exhaust component bottom and is connected with fuel assembly main body, and constriction 751 is sleeve Or tubaeform or claw type.Exhaust component top is exhaust supervisor 755, and relief valve 757 or not can be set in 755 tops of exhaust supervisor Relief valve is set；Setting the exhaust component of relief valve 757, the exhaust component for being not provided with relief valve is valveless to there is valve exhaust component Exhaust component.
As shown in figure 24, valveless exhaust component：Valveless exhaust component includes constriction 751, degassing conduits boundling 731 and row Gas supervisor 755, degassing conduits 729 through Simple constraint into being directly inserted in exhaust supervisor 755 after close degassing conduits boundling 731, Degassing conduits 729 can stretch in exhaust supervisor 755, the settable lifting operating head in the outside of exhaust supervisor 755.
As shown in figure 26, there is valve exhaust component：There is valve exhaust member body to include constriction 751, sealing sleeve pipe 732, row Gas tubule boundling 731, seal head 753, exhaust supervisor 755 and relief valve 757.Relief valve 757 is arranged on the top of exhaust supervisor 755 End, there are in valve exhaust component degassing conduits 729 in constriction 751 first after the bent constraint of rotation, its upper part is constrained to closely again Degassing conduits boundling 731, i.e. degassing conduits 729 are the curved state of loose rotation in the section of constriction 751, the exhaust being twisted Tubule 729 has the function of spring-like, has certain function of bending and stretching to buffer fuel rod distortional stress, and meets fuel rod irradiation elongation Demand.The lower end of sealing sleeve pipe 732 is fixed with the upper end of constriction 751, is inserted in degassing conduits boundling 731 in sealing sleeve pipe 732, and two Person is in top integral sealing（Such as sealed with brazing）Form the seal head 753 that can be vented afterwards, exhaust supervisor 755 again with sealing sleeve pipe 732 sealings are fixed, and fission gas is discharged by being vented supervisor 755 and relief valve 757.Cored solder is generally more difficult to meet resistance to High temperature and erosion-resisting high demand, the seal head 753 of sealed with brazing need to isolate with Main Coolant, suitably lengthen sealing sleeve pipe 732, retention gas 752 can be retained in sealing sleeve pipe 732 when irrigating Main Coolant, the retention gas 752 that this part can not discharge As seal head 753 and the separation layer of Main Coolant.Injecting hole 756 or air injection pipe, fuel assembly are provided with exhaust supervisor 755 Vacuumized after the completion of manufacture and injecting hole 756 or air injection pipe are handled and closed with gas injection.
Seal head 753 uses sealed with brazing, and its technological process is：Fuel rod vacuumizes after completing and closes exhaust carefully Pipe end（Such as mechanical press seal after sensing heating）, close before degassing conduits 729 can perfusion detection gas as needed, degassing conduits 729 length are slightly longer than the top of sealing sleeve pipe 732 with top to be advisable → completes fuel rod air-tightness and defect detecting test → completion fuel The main body assembling → annealed to degassing conduits 729 and revolve song and constrain its underpart → of rod assembly constrains on degassing conduits 729 again Portion forms close degassing conduits boundling 731 → welding constriction 751 and 732 junctions of sealing sleeve pipe → connection constraints portion and combustion Material module body and make degassing conduits boundling 731 pack into sealing sleeve pipe 732 → with wire stopper degassing conduits between gap → carrying out being surface-treated at sealing → heats solder pot to solder fusing（Solder melt point is higher than Main Coolant maximum operating temperature） → handstand fuel stringer assembly, will at sealing insert solder pot in appropriate depth, after welding fluid is sufficiently submerged in take out cooled and solidified into Seal head 753 → arranging sanding and polishing sealing sleeve pipe 732 → cuts away the least significant end of seal head 753, arranges polishing degassing conduits 729 ports, it is ensured that every degassing conduits 729 are unimpeded.
Relief valve：There is valve exhaust component top that relief valve 757 is set, relief valve 757 is spring type relief valve or meltable heavy Metal relief valve or double relief valves；Have and exhaust adsorption area can be set in the exhaust supervisor 755 of valve exhaust component, exhaust adsorption area bag Include adsorbent locator 766, adsorbent 765 and adsorbent holddown spring 767.Adsorbent 765 is the bar-shaped box body for being furnished with sieve aperture, Filling adsorbent in it.Adsorbent locator 766 is retaining spring or sprung jaws, prevents the displacement of adsorbent 765.Adsorbent pressure Tight spring 767 compresses adsorbent 765, anti-gas shock and displacement.
As shown in figure 27, spring type relief valve：Spring type relief valve is cylindric, and it includes valve chest 811, lower valve body 812nd, upper valve body 813, spring 814, spring positioning head 815 and housing pin 816；Valve chest is cylindric, the side of lower valve body 812 Fix and seal with valve chest 811.Lower valve body 812 and upper valve body 813 are the corresponding valve mechanism of male and female face, and male and female face is close to can Sealing is realized, exhaust pressure relief separately can be achieved in male and female face；Under the counter structure of convex fovea superior be advantageous to air scour and fall coagulation, valve Body is less scaling.The center of lower valve body 812 sets passage 818, and the side of upper valve body 813 sets passage 818.On upper valve body 813 End is connected with spring, and spring upper end is connected with spring positioning head 815, the downward holddown spring positioning head 815 of housing pin 816, pressure For tight screw 816 with the upper end of valve chest 811 to be screwed, spring positioning head 815 and housing pin 816 set passage 818 to supply Gas is discharged.
As shown in figure 28, meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve：The valve function of meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve is by a liquid huge sum of money Category substitutes, and meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve includes annular groove, cap 822, meltable heavy metal 825 and anticreep plug 827.Cap 822 be upper valve body, is blind pipe shape, and annular groove is lower valve body, and cap 822 inlays structure with annular groove formed with gap Make, meltable heavy metal 825 is filled in the gap of annular groove, meltable heavy metal 825 is sealant, and anticreep plug 827 prevents cap Lid 822 is rushed by internal high pressure air-flow to be taken off, such as anti-drop screw.The operating temperature of meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve is in meltable heavy metal The heavy metal solidified on fusing point, during less than operating temperature plays fixed and sealing function, the difference force in pressure release equivalent to solder Gas is promoted to pass through the U-shaped passage of the composition of heavy metal liquid 825, pressure differential is determined by the proportion and height of heavy metal liquid, ring Connected in star is monomer members or complex component, and the annular groove of monomer members is that lower valve body is overall for annular groove shape, complex structure The annular groove of part after valve chest 811, lower valve body 812 and the welded seal of center tracheae 831 by forming.
As shown in figure 29, double relief valves：Double relief valves are two relief valves of open type fuel assembly top series connection, and lower section is let out Pressure valve is meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve, and top is spring type relief valve, and its lower valve body 812 can be used as meltable huge sum of money genotype pressure release The anticreep plug 827 of valve.The advantages of double relief valves is good sealing effect, and the heavy metal solidified during low temperature can be sealed thoroughly, high temperature When double relief valves play dual fail-safe, heavy metal liquid can also absorb the volatile matter in fission gas, prevent valve body fouling, increasing Add the reliability of spring type relief valve.

Claims (41)

1. a kind of implementation of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction, it is characterized in that：By reactor primary tank be split as mutually completely every From fission pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）, slowing down pond（301）Built-in moderator, fission set reactor core in pond（250）, reactor core With fast neutron reactor core characteristic；To be fissioned pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）Mutually inlay or packaged type combines, tie both Structure and Function Coupling, in fission pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）Between thermal insulation layer is set, obstruct both heat exchanges；By slowing down Agent separates with Main Coolant, pond of fissioning（201）And reactor core（250）Without moderator, Main Coolant passes through pond of fissioning（201）It is and obstructed Cross slowing down pond（301）；Allow neutron through fission pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）Between construction, make fission pond（201）With Slowing down pond（301）Neutron exchange can be carried out and carry out coupling nuclear reaction, fast neutron caused by reactor core and from slowing down pond（301）It is interior anti- Inject into fission pond（201）Degraded neutron can make reactor core（250）The coupling core that fast neutron and degraded neutron trigger is carried out simultaneously Reaction, pond of fissioning（201）Characteristic and function with fast neutron reactor, slowing down pond（301）Interior progress thermal neutron nuclear reaction；
Optimize reactor primary tank material and structure, the neutron for setting large area thin-wall configuration in reactor primary tank side wall exchanges Window, increase neutron exchange efficiency while structural strength is ensured；In slowing down pond（301）Coupling core control system is set, utilized Couple nuclear reaction and implement coupling core control and passive shutdown；Using the degraded neutron function of moderator and the controllability of moderator or The controllability displacement in slowing down pond, by changing pond of fissioning（201）With slowing down pond（301）Between neutron exchange control reactor core （250）Reactivity；Make slowing down pond during shutdown（301）Moderation of neutrons function is lost, terminates slowing down pond（301）To reactor core（250） Degraded neutron is conveyed, reactor core reactivity rapid decrease causes chain reaction of nuclear fission to maintain, so as to realize passive shutdown；Profit With the high efficiency of thermal neutron nuclear reaction, implement the On-line testing of Nuclear fuel breeding and breed fuel, Pa- is realized in out-of-pile 233/ U-233 is converted and Th-232/ U-233 separation；
In slowing down pond（301）The breed fuel system of online refuelling is set, and initial breed fuel raw material is containing only a kind of nucleic Th-232, Th-232 thermal capture nuclear reaction is only carried out, in avoiding or reduce caused by Pa-233 and U-233 capture neutrons The dual loss of sub and effective nuclear fuel；Optimize fuel element and Core Design, using candle formula Core Design, improve nuclear reaction effect Rate and burn-up rate；By reactor primary tank shortization, simplification, cost degradation and modularization, the integral replacing in implementation fission pond Or implementation fission pond module is disposably retired；By reactor major component module, make reactor detachable and combine；
Using the sleeve pipe connection and method for splitting easily recombinated, simplify the fractionation and restructuring of reactor module, sleeve pipe connection is with splitting Method is vertical socket or non-perpendicular socket or non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket；Vertical socket：Connection sleeve pipe（175）It can be repeated several times Use, lower section tube head is fixed tube head（176）, top tube head is detachable tube head（177）, two tube heads are in same vertical central On, installed with vertical lifting；Before first connection, in advance by connection sleeve pipe（175）It is welded on lower tube head（179）On, connection When on tube head（178）It is aligned and inserts connection sleeve pipe a little（175）After weld, weld up simple to operate and welding effect most It is good；Only need to be in connection sleeve pipe during fractionation（175）Cutting separation below the weld of upper end；Connection sleeve pipe is cleared up during restructuring（175） Interior residue, upper tube head compare previous lengthening, repeat previous connection flow；
Non-perpendicular socket：Non-perpendicular socket is installed with vertical lifting based on being connected with horizontal pipe, is connected to fractionation module On tube head be detachable tube head（177）, corresponding another tube head is fixed tube head（176）, connection sleeve pipe（175）To be disposable Part, gradually lengthen connection sleeve pipe on demand later（175）Or lengthen detachable tube head（177）；In advance in fixing pipe during connection Head（176）On put connection sleeve pipe（175）But it wouldn't weld, be slidably connected sleeve pipe（175）Expose fixed tube head（176）, two pipes Head alignment rear enclosure upper joint sleeve pipe（175）, both ends are then respectively welded；Whole connection sleeve pipe need to be cut away during fractionation（175）, weight The new connection sleeve pipe being of convenient length is changed during Combination nova（175）, repeat previous connection flow；
Non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket：Two pipelines of connection are non-perpendicular pipeline, and need to connect two tube heads are distinguished with elbow It is converted into concentric vertical tube head, fixed tube head（176）Under, detachable tube head（177）In upper, connection, fractionation thereafter With recombination method with it is vertical be socketed it is identical.
2. a kind of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor, it is characterized in that：Reactor primary tank is included and intercoupled and completely isolated from one another Fission pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）, pond of fissioning（201）Built-in reactor core（250）, reactor core has the characteristic of fast neutron reactor core, Slowing down pond（301）Built-in moderator, moderator separate with Main Coolant, and moderator does not enter fission pond, and Main Coolant does not enter Slowing down pond（301）；Fission pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）Between thermal insulation layer is set, thermal insulation layer is that vacuum constructs or stuffed heat insulated Material, pond of fissioning（201）With slowing down pond（301）Neutron exchange can be carried out but heat exchange is blocked；Main Coolant is liquid metal Or fused salt；Moderator is solid-state moderator or liquid moderator；Solid-state moderator is graphite or carbide or beryllium compound；Liquid Moderator is heavy water or heavy aqueous solution or light-water or light-water solution；The slowing down pond of filling liquid moderator sets moderator loop； Fission pond（201）With slowing down pond（301）Combination forms primary tank coupling configurations, and primary tank coupling configurations are coupling built in single slowing down pond Close structure or the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond or double slowing down ponds coupled structure；Coupled structure built in single slowing down pond is slowing down pond （301）Constructed positioned at reactor center for tubbiness pond type, pond of fissioning（201）Positioned at slowing down pond（301）Outside type structure in pond annular in shape Make；Single external coupled structure in slowing down pond is fission pond（201）Constructed positioned at reactor center for tubbiness pond type, slowing down pond（301） Positioned at fission pond（201）Outside type construction in pond annular in shape or barrel-shaped structure；Double slowing down ponds coupled structure is interior slowing down pond（302）Position Constructed in reactor center for tubbiness pond type, outer slowing down pond（303）Constructed positioned at outside for ring-type pond type, pond of fissioning（201）Position Constructed between inside and outside slowing down pond for ring-type pond type；Primary tank coupling configurations are detachable fabricated structure or can not be split Fixed structure；Primary tank shell can be set in reactor primary tank periphery（101）, primary tank shell（101）For the pond of a thickening Type metal shell, pond of fissioning（201）With slowing down pond（301）It is placed and secured in primary tank shell（101）Within.
3. a kind of nuclear reactor primary tank for being provided with large area neutron exchanging window, it is characterized in that：Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction Large area neutron exchanging window can be set in heap primary tank side wall, and neutron exchanging window is thin-wall configuration, and thin-wall configuration is covered for framework Skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure；Frame skin structure is the sidewall sections setting framework in neutron exchange area（133）, framework Upper setting thin plate covering（132）, the primary tank part beyond frame skin structure uses non-thin-wall configuration；Thin-walled reinforcing plate structure is Side wall is with thin-walled（142）For main body, thin-walled（142）Upper setting gusset（143）Reinforce；Frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure Disposable unitary construction；Primary tank side wall vertical symmetry position sets main frame or main gusset, and lifting load is by main frame or master Gusset undertakes；In primary tank load big position, ruggedized construction is set.
4. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Fission pond side wall（203）Big face can be set For product thin-wall configuration as neutron exchanging window, thin-wall configuration is frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure；Fission pond side wall （203）With slowing down pond side wall（306）Between set side wall thermal insulation layer（211）, side wall insulating layer material is solid particle, pond of fissioning Side wall（203）With slowing down pond side wall（306）Pass through side wall thermal insulation layer（211）Transmit lateral pressure and form mutual lateral support；Split Become bottom of pond portion and heat-insulating load-bearing layer can be set（212）, heat-insulating load-bearing layer（212）For blocks of solid.
5. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Fission pond top cover（202）Or slowing down Chi Ding Lid（305）Sealant can be used（154）Sealed；Sealant（154）For metal sealing agent or fluid sealant, metal sealing agent is Fusible metal or fusible alloy tin, sn-bi alloy, lead, lead bismuth alloy, terne metal, lead bismuth tin alloy；Fluid sealant is heatproof With corrosion resistant sealed silicone, fluid sealant is adapted to low form container；Container side wall（150）Upper limb sets annular ditch groove（152）, hold Device top cover（151）The down-set ring-type skirtboard of outer rim（153）；Locking device can be set in the sealing structure of top cover and side wall（155）, Locking device is screw thread construction or bolt structure or elastic force fixture；First in annular ditch groove during capping（152）Interior uniformly filling is appropriate Liquid sealant（154）, ring-type skirtboard is inserted in annular ditch groove before sealant solidification, then fasten locking device（155）, Sealant（154）Solidification forms seal construction；Metal sealing agent solidification makes top cover form firm sealing structure with side wall, point From when heating sealing structure make metal sealing agent melt；Heater can be set using the sealing structure of fusible metal；Hold Annular ditch groove in device side wall（152）Inner edge can be higher than outer rim prevent sealant from falling into container.
6. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Slowing down pond（301）Material is that neutron is transparent Spend high metallic aluminium, aluminium alloy, zircaloy, aluminium zircaloy, aluminum titanium alloy, zirconium-niobium alloy, nickel alumin(i)um alloy；Using aluminum or aluminum alloy Slowing down pool surface can plate the metal of resistance to water erosion, the metal of resistance to water erosion is zirconium or nickel or titanium.
7. a kind of fuel inner bag for being built in fuel rod, it is characterized in that：Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor uses fuel stringer assembly heap Core, fuel rod is interior to set fuel inner bag（703）Wrap up filler（722）, i.e. filler（722）It is filled into fuel inner bag（703） It is interior, filler（722）It is not directly contacted with fuel rod clad pipe（728）, filler（722）Including fuel, fuel inner bag（703）For Bar-shaped involucrum construction.
8. fuel inner bag as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that：Fuel inner bag（703）Main body includes interior bile duct（705）, bottom Plug（707）, top plug（708）, filler（722）, holddown spring（721）, injecting hole（709）Or air injection pipe（710）；Fuel inner bag （703）External diameter is slightly less than fuel rod clad pipe（728）Internal diameter, reserve fuel volumetric growth space, interior bile duct（705）For fuel inner bag （703）Involucrum, interior bile duct（705）Both ends are by bottom plug（707）Filled in top（708）Sealing, top plug（708）It is provided with injecting hole （709）Or air injection pipe（710）, fuel inner bag is interior to set filler（722）And holddown spring（721）, injecting hole（709）Or gas injection Pipe（710）It is used for pumping or gas injection or exhaust, injecting hole（709）To be poroid, air injection pipe（710）For short tube shape, injecting hole （709）Or air injection pipe（710）It may be configured as self-opening sealing structure, injecting hole（709）Or air injection pipe（710）After gas injection is completed Sealed, fuel inner bag（703）After heating up or boosting or heat up plus boost, injecting hole（709）Or air injection pipe（710）Voluntarily Opening exhaust, self-opening sealing structure are construction or the fusible sealing-plug of can bursting；Can be burst construction：Air injection pipe（710）It can burst, The type that bursts is that low-intensity material bursts or low-intensity structure bursts, low-intensity material are air injection pipes（710）Material is low-intensity The material of material or heated rear intensity step-down, when fuel inner bag（703）Temperature rise air pressure inside increases, air injection pipe（710）By Pressure explosion voluntarily opening exhaust；Low-intensity structure is air injection pipe（710）Upper to set explosion groove, gas injection tube wall is very thin at the groove that bursts, Air pressure official post explosion groove forms crack, air injection pipe（710）Cracking exhaust；Fusible sealing-plug：Fusible sealing-plug is fusible after heating Change, can be made up of single sealant or a variety of sealants, a variety of sealants are the different sealants of a variety of fusing points, sealing-plug outer layer Fusing point is less than internal layer, and for outer layer sealing agent equivalent to cored solder, reactor core starts after heating that sealing-plug is heated to be completely melt, notes during sealing Stomata（709）Open exhaust；Fuel inner bag（703）Top can set up protective cover（711）, protective cover（711）For fingerstall tubulose or Hat shape, protective cover（711）On be furnished with hole supplied gas exchange, protective cover（711）It is arranged at injecting hole（709）Or air injection pipe （710）Outside, fingerstall tubulose protective cover（711）In fuel inner bag（703）Top plug is directly welded at after completing gas injection sealing（708）Top End, hat shape protective cover（711）Top plug is fixed on by fuel rod holddown spring（708）On, protective cover（711）Prevent burst thing or Splashings contact fuel rod clad pipe（728）；Fuel rod or fuel inner bag（703）Heat transfer medium can be filled.
9. a kind of open type fuel rod and its component, it is characterized in that：The reactor core of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor is fired using open type Charge bar component；Open type fuel stringer assembly is by open type fuel rod（700）Combination is formed；Open type fuel rod（700）Body junction Structure is the bar-shaped cladding tubes construction of bottom end closure and top end opening, and degassing conduits are provided with top end opening（729）；Using opening Formula fuel rod（700）Fuel assembly top be provided with exhaust component；Open type fuel rod（700）Form open type fuel rod group Part, open type fuel stringer assembly are cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly；Cluster open type fuel stack Part dereliction sleeve pipe, ferrule openings formula fuel assembly have main sleeve pipe（789）.
10. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 9 and its component, it is characterized in that：Open type fuel rod（700）Main body bag Include lower end plug（725）, cladding tubes（728）, holddown spring（721）, upper end plug（726）, degassing conduits（729）, filler（722） Or fuel inner bag（703）, fuel rod both ends are respectively welded end plug, and bottom is by lower end plug（725）Sealing, upper end plug（726）On Opening is set, and opening is welded with degassing conduits（729）, fission gas is by degassing conduits（729）Discharge, open type fuel rod （700）Without air cavity or there is air cavity（717）, filler（722）Or fuel inner bag（703）Upper setting holddown spring（721）；Fuel rod Or fuel inner bag（703）Interior filler（722）Identical, filler is set（722）Radionuclide Duan Fensange areas, divide from the bottom up Transition zone Wei not descended（712）, fuel region（713）With upper transition zone（714）, upper and lower transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, fuel Area（713）Fissile nuclide just is housed；Filler（722）One or two blind zone can be set up, blind zone sets neutron-absorbing Body shields remaining neutron, increases reactor core axial shield function；One blind zone is set：Filler topmost sets a upper shielding Area；Two blind zones are set：Filler（722）Foot lower blind zone and filler are set（722）Top shields on setting Area；Filler（722）Adsorption zone can be set up, adsorption zone filled honeycomb shape solid adsorbent absorption fission volatile matter, adsorbs position In upper transition zone（714）Between upper blind zone or positioned at filler（722）Topmost, adsorption zone can be handed over upper blind zone Change place；Fuel rod filler（722）There are six kinds of primary partition combinations from the bottom up：Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone, Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone, lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper blind zone, lower transition zone-combustion Expect area-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper blind zone, lower blind zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper blind zone, lower screen Cover area-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper blind zone.
11. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 10 and its component, it is characterized in that：Cluster open type fuel assembly includes Bottom nozzle（775）, cluster bottom gate plate（773）, skeleton pipe（776）, grid spacer（777）, open type fuel rod（700）, upper tube Seat（774）And exhaust component；Skeleton pipe（776）, grid spacer（777）The skeleton of fuel assembly is collectively formed with upper bottom nozzle, Multiple grid spacers are fixed in skeleton tube bank, skeleton pipe（776）Both ends are fixed with upper bottom nozzle；Skeleton pipe（776）Divide amphitypy, First type is insertion blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe, and Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe both ends are welded with end plug, by end plug and up and down Base is fixed, and transferable fuel, holddown spring and air cavity is provided with real pipe, real pipe is equivalent to conversion fuel rod；Fuel rod from Grid spacer（777）In pass through and restrained positioning, fuel rod lower end are fixed on cluster bottom gate plate（773）On, cluster bottom gate plate （773）It is fixed on bottom nozzle（775）Upper end is fixed on skeleton pipe（776）On；Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly includes pin （785）, cluster bottom gate plate（773）, main sleeve pipe（789）, open type fuel rod（700）And exhaust component, pin（785）It is provided with Seal construction flow leakage prevention, pin（785）It is additionally provided with fixture construction and reactor core bottom gate plate（256）It is fixed, pin（785）On have it is more Individual cooling agent enters hole（786）With the structure of control leakage current amount, fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate（773）It is fixed, cluster bottom gate Plate（773）It is fixed on main sleeve pipe（789）Lower end or pin（785）Upper end, main sleeve pipe（789）Outer upper can be set cushion block and maintain The distance between component；Open type fuel stringer assembly sets or is not provided with cluster top-gated plate；Cluster top-gated plate is set：Cluster top-gated Plate（772）The upper end of fuel assembly main body is fixed on, i.e., upper base（774）Interior or main sleeve pipe（789）Upper end, cluster top-gated plate （772）On be provided with positioning hole and coolant hole, degassing conduits（729）Through cluster top-gated plate（772）On positioning hole make combustion Charge bar is positioned, fuel rod upper end plug（726）With cluster top-gated plate（772）Between antirattle spring is set, antirattle spring is enclosed on exhaust Tubule（729）Base portion.
12. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 11 and its component, it is characterized in that：The top of open type fuel stringer assembly Exhaust component is set, and exhaust component main body includes constriction（751）It is responsible for exhaust（755）；Constriction（751）Positioned at exhaust structure Part bottom is simultaneously connected, constriction with fuel assembly main body（751）For sleeve or tubaeform or claw type, cooling agent is provided with Portal；Constriction bearing plate can be set in sleeve constriction upper end（761）, constriction bearing plate（761）It is settable to be connected other The fixture construction of part；Exhaust component top is exhaust supervisor（755）, exhaust supervisor（755）Top sets relief valve（757）Or Person is not provided with relief valve；Relief valve is set（757）Exhaust component to there is valve exhaust component, be not provided with the exhaust component of relief valve For valveless exhaust component；Settable lifting operating head on the outside of exhaust component；Valveless exhaust component：Valveless exhaust component includes constraint Portion（751）, degassing conduits boundling（731）It is responsible for exhaust（755）, degassing conduits（729）It is vented through Simple constraint into close Tubule boundling（731）Exhaust supervisor is directly inserted in afterwards（755）, degassing conduits（729）It is responsible in exhaust（755）It is interior to stretch.
13. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 12 and its component, it is characterized in that：There is valve exhaust member body to include about Beam portion（751）, sealing sleeve pipe（732）, degassing conduits boundling（731）, seal head（753）, exhaust supervisor（755）And relief valve （757）, relief valve（757）It is arranged on exhaust supervisor（755）Top, there are degassing conduits in valve exhaust component（729）In constriction （751）First after the bent constraint of rotation, its upper part is constrained to close degassing conduits boundling again（731）, i.e. degassing conduits（729） In constriction（751）It is the loose curved state of rotation in section, and meets the needs of fuel rod irradiation elongation, sealing sleeve pipe（732） Lower end and constriction（751）Upper end is fixed, sealing sleeve pipe（732）Inside it is inserted in degassing conduits boundling（731）, both are overall on top The seal head that can be vented is formed after sealing（753）, exhaust supervisor（755）Again with sealing sleeve pipe（732）Sealing is fixed, and makes fission gas Body can only be responsible for by being vented（755）And relief valve（757）Discharge, sealing sleeve pipe（732）It can lengthen, irrigate close during Main Coolant Big envelope pipe（732）It is interior to retain retention gas（752）, retention gas that this part can not discharge（752）As seal head（753） With the separation layer of Main Coolant, exhaust supervisor（755）On be provided with injecting hole（756）Or air injection pipe, fuel assembly manufacture are completed After vacuumized injecting hole handled and closed with gas injection（756）Or air injection pipe；Seal head（753）Sealed with brazing can be used, its Technological process is：Fuel rod vacuumizes after completing and closes degassing conduits end, closes degassing conduits（729）Before can basis Need perfusion detection gas, degassing conduits（729）Length is longer than sealing sleeve pipe with top（732）Top is advisable → complete fuel rod Air-tightness and the main body of defect detecting test → completion fuel stringer assembly assembling → to degassing conduits（729）Annealed and revolve bent constraint Its underpart → constrain degassing conduits again（729）Close degassing conduits boundling is formed at top（731）→ welding constriction（751）With Sealing sleeve pipe（732）Junction → connection constraints portion and fuel assembly main body simultaneously make degassing conduits boundling（731）Pack into sealing shroud Pipe（732）→ with the gap → carrying out being surface-treated at sealing → between wire stoppers degassing conduits solder pot is heated to solder Fusing → handstand fuel stringer assembly, it will be inserted at sealing in solder pot, cooled and solidified taken out after welding fluid is sufficiently submerged in into sealing Head（753）→ arrange sanding and polishing sealing sleeve pipe（732）→ cut away seal head（753）Least significant end, it is thin to arrange polishing exhaust Pipe（729）Port, it is ensured that every degassing conduits（729）It is unimpeded.
14. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 9 and its component, it is characterized in that：There is valve exhaust component top to set to let out Pressure valve（757）, relief valve（757）For spring type relief valve or meltable heavy metal relief valve or double relief valves；Spring type relief valve： Spring type relief valve is cylindric, and it includes valve chest（811）, lower valve body（812）, upper valve body（813）, spring（814）, spring Positioning head（815）And housing pin（816）, valve chest is cylindric, lower valve body（812）Side and valve chest（811）Fix simultaneously Sealing, lower valve body（812）With upper valve body（813）For valve mechanism corresponding to male and female face, male and female face is close to sealing, convex-concave can be achieved Exhaust pressure relief, lower valve body separately can be achieved in face（812）Center sets passage（818）, upper valve body（813）Side sets passage （818）, upper valve body（813）Upper end is connected with spring, and spring upper end is connected with spring positioning head（815）, housing pin（816）To Lower holddown spring positioning head（815）, housing pin（816）With valve chest（811）Upper end is to be screwed, spring positioning head （815）And housing pin（816）Passage is set（818）Supplied gas is discharged；Meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve：Meltable huge sum of money genotype The valve function of relief valve is substituted by liquid heavy metal, and meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve includes annular groove, cap（822）, easily Molten heavy metal（825）With anticreep plug（827）, cap（822）As upper valve body, is blind pipe shape, and annular groove is lower valve body, cap Lid（822）With mosaic-like structure of the annular groove formed with gap, the meltable heavy metal of filling in the gap of annular groove（825）, easily Molten heavy metal（825）For sealant, anticreep plug（827）Prevent cap（822）De- by the punching of internal high pressure air-flow, annular groove is Monomer members or complex component, the annular groove of monomer members is that lower valve body is overall for annular groove shape, the annular of complex component Groove is by valve chest（811）, lower valve body（812）With center tracheae（831）Formed after welded seal；Double relief valves：Double relief valves It is two relief valves of open type fuel assembly top series connection, lower section relief valve is meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve, and top is spring Type relief valve, the lower valve body of spring type relief valve（812）Can be as the anticreep plug of meltable huge sum of money genotype relief valve（827）；Have The exhaust supervisor of valve exhaust component（755）Interior settable exhaust adsorption area, exhaust adsorption area include adsorbent locator（766）、 Adsorbent（765）With adsorbent holddown spring（767）；Adsorbent（765）To be furnished with the bar-shaped box body of sieve aperture, filling absorption in it Agent；Adsorbent locator（766）For retaining spring or sprung jaws, adsorbent is prevented（765）Displacement；Adsorbent holddown spring （767）Compress adsorbent（765）, anti-gas shock and displacement.
15. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Reactor core（250）For solid-state reactor core, reactor core The radial direction subregion of two kinds or three kinds characteristics can be set；The radial direction subregion of two kinds of characteristics：Region close to slowing down pond is coupled zone, far It is Kuai Pu areas from slowing down pond；The radial direction subregion of three kinds of characteristics：Buffering area enhancing reactor core is set up between coupled zone and Kuai Pu areas Security；Coupled zone carries out thermal neutron and fast neutron nuclear reaction simultaneously, and its propellant composition is matched close to thermal neutron reactor core；Fast spectrum Area carries out fast neutron nuclear reaction, and its propellant composition is matched close to fast neutron reactor core；Buffering area propellant composition is with ratio characteristic by heap Core safety Design determines；Breeding blanket or blind zone are set up in reactor core periphery（258）；Reactor core is made up of fuel assembly, fuel assembly By fuel bar construction, fuel rod is open type fuel rod（700）Or enclosed fuel rod（795）；Fuel assembly is cluster fuel stack Part or sleeve pipe fuel assembly, cluster fuel assembly dereliction sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe fuel assembly have main sleeve pipe（789）；Enclosed fuel rod （795）Form cluster enclosed fuel assembly or sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly；Open type fuel rod（700）Form the combustion of cluster open type Expect component or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly；Fuel assembly is bottom fixed form, and bottom fixed form can be reactor core bottom gate Plate（256）It is fixed, the bottom nozzle of fuel stringer assembly（775）Or pin（785）With reactor core bottom gate plate（256）It is fixed；Fuel assembly Top can use reactor core top-gated plate（255）Positioning, enclosed fuel stringer assembly is with the fastening screw of upper end（782）With reactor core top-gated plate （255）Positioned, open type fuel stringer assembly is responsible for being vented（755）Upper end passes through reactor core top-gated plate（255）Positioning hole Positioned；Fuel assembly bottom is provided with cluster bottom gate plate（773）, fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate（773）On, it is fixed Mode can be to be screwed or be welded and fixed or inserted fixation；It is screwed：Lower end plug（725）End and cluster bottom gate plate （773）It is provided for the boss of positioning（734）, groove（735）With for fixed screw（738）, first inlay boss（734）With Groove（735）Screw is used in positioning again（737）It is screwed, another construction is end plug under fuel rod（725）End with Cluster bottom gate plate（773）Screw and screw corresponding to mutually setting（738）It is screwed；It is welded and fixed：Fuel rod lower end Plug（725）End set notch（742）, cluster bottom gate plate（773）The lower end plug of bar shaped screen insertion（725）Notch（742） It is welded and fixed again；Inserted fixation：End plug under fuel rod（725）End set keyway（747）, set on cluster bottom gate plate relative The cluster guide rail answered, cluster guide rail slide into keyway（747）Carry out inserted fixation.
16. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that：Enclosed fuel rod（795）Body junction Structure constructs for bar-shaped cladding tubes closed at both ends, enclosed fuel rod（795）Including lower end plug（725）, cladding tubes（728）, air cavity （717）, holddown spring（721）, upper end plug（726）, filler（722）Or fuel inner bag（703）, upper end plug（726）And lower end Plug（725）Seal cladding tubes（728）Both ends, cladding tubes（728）Inside there is long air cavity（717）, air cavity is located at top or bottom, fills out Fill thing（722）Or fuel inner bag（703）Upper setting holddown spring（721）；Fuel rod or fuel inner bag（703）Interior filler （722）Set identical, the nucleic Duan Fensange areas of filler, be respectively from the bottom up：Lower transition zone（712）, fuel region（713） With upper transition zone（714）, transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, fuel region（713）Fissile nuclide just is housed；Enclosed fuel rod Component is cluster enclosed fuel assembly or sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly；Cluster enclosed fuel assembly：Cluster enclosed fuel assembly bag Include bottom nozzle（775）, cluster bottom gate plate（773）, skeleton pipe（776）, grid spacer（777）, enclosed fuel rod（795）And upper tube Seat（774）；Skeleton pipe（776）, grid spacer（777）The skeleton of fuel stringer assembly, multiple positioning are collectively formed with upper bottom nozzle Screen work（777）It is fixed in skeleton tube bank, skeleton pipe（776）Both ends are fixed with upper bottom nozzle；Skeleton pipe（776）For amphitypy, One type is insertion blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe；Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe both ends are welded with end plug, end plug and upper bottom nozzle （775）It is fixed, transferable fuel, holddown spring and short air cavity are provided with pipe, real pipe is equivalent to conversion fuel rod；Fuel rod From grid spacer（777）In pass through and restrained positioning；Fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate（773）On, cluster bottom gate plate （773）It is fixed on bottom nozzle（775）Upper end is fixed on skeleton pipe（776）On；Bottom nozzle（775）It is provided with fastening screw （782）Or pin hole and reactor core bottom gate plate（256）Positioning, bottom nozzle（775）It is provided with fixture construction and secures the assembly in reactor core Bottom gate plate（256）On；Upper base（774）There is fastening screw（782）With reactor core top-gated plate（255）On pin hole positioning；Sleeve pipe Enclosed fuel assembly：Sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly includes pin（785）, cluster bottom gate plate（773）, main sleeve pipe（789）And enclosed Fuel rod（795）, pin（785）It is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, pin（785）It is additionally provided with fixture construction and reactor core bottom gate Plate（256）It is fixed, pin（785）On there are multiple cooling agents to enter hole（786）With the structure of control leakage current amount, main sleeve pipe（789）Under End and pin（785）Connection, fuel rod are located at main sleeve pipe（789）It is interior, shield, fuel rod stage casing can be set up on fuel rod Positioning is positioned using grid location or wrapping wire, fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate（773）It is fixed, cluster bottom gate plate（773）Gu It is scheduled on main sleeve pipe（789）Lower end or pin（785）Upper end, main sleeve pipe（789）Top is provided with lifting operating head and cooling agent goes out Mouthful, cushion block can be set in main outside of sleeve top（791）Maintain the distance between component.
17. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that：Settable fission pond gas at the top of fission pond Room（221）, fission pond caused by gas be discharged into fission pond air chamber（221）；Using the fission pond of open type fuel stringer assembly（201） Double-deck fission pond air chamber can be set；Double-deck fission pond air chamber is set：The exhaust supervisor of open type fuel stringer assembly（755）Pass through Reactor core top-gated plate（255）, reactor core top-gated plate（255）To be fissioned pond air chamber（221）It is divided into fission pond upper chamber（222）And fission Pond lower chamber（223）；Reactor sets fission gas cleaning system, and fission gas cleaning system is gas circulation cleaning system, Function is cooling-part and removes the fission gas composition with chemism and core reactivity；Fission gas cleaning system is to close Gas circulation loop is closed, fission gas cleaning system includes fission pond air chamber（221）, aspiration pump（912）, gas purification cooling chamber （913）, gas tank（916）, distribution tank（915）, gas preparing room（914）, air delivery pump（917）, flow control valve（937）And prison Control device；Fission gas is in gas purification cooling chamber（913）It is cleaned, unnecessary purification gas is pressed into gas tank storage, gas Body allocates room（914）The gas that will be transferred as needed in distribution tank, the gas componant of allotment is set to reach the requirement of oxygen content；It is double The gas flow that slabbing becomes in the air chamber of pond is that recyclegas is introduced into fission pond lower chamber（223）, then by between 2 air chambers Gap enters fission pond upper chamber（222）, pond of fissioning is then discharged out, the recyclegas flowed from the bottom up takes away fission gas simultaneously Stop fission gas contact Main Coolant, prevent pernicious gas from polluting Main Coolant；The workflow of fission gas cleaning system For：Fission pond air chamber → aspiration pump → gas purification cooling chamber → gas preparing room → air delivery pump → gas flow control valve → splits Become pond air chamber.
18. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that：Cluster enclosed fuel assembly, sleeve pipe close Four kinds of formula fuel assembly, cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly fuel stringer assemblies have corresponding respectively Half shape component or special-shaped component, half shape component or special-shaped component are filled a vacancy incising for reactor core edge, make the coupling at reactor core edge It is complete to close plot structure convergence；Half shape component cross section is the half of the diagonal cutting in corresponding component cross section, special-shaped component Cross section can be arbitrary shape, and the selection of shape depends on effect of filling a vacancy.
19. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that：Reactor core is candle formula reactor core, formula reactor core of lighting up Progressively burning from the bottom up, just fill fissile nuclide and be distributed mainly on below reactor fuel area, its concentration ladder is that lower height is upper low, on Portion's fuel is accumulated by breeder reaction, and its accumulative speed moves up speed with combustion zone and is adapted, and reactor core burn-up rate is more toward bottom It is higher.
20. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that：Reactor core（250）Lower section sets reactor core bottom Seat（251）, reactor core（250）It is fixed on reactor core base（251）On, reactor core base（251）Then it is fixed on fission bottom of pond plate（205） On.
21. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：Slowing down pond（301）Filling liquid slowing down Agent, slowing down pond are provided with slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid is by slowing down liquid cooler（602）Cooling；Reactor sets core control system to adjust Control core power and perform shutdown work, core control system is slowing down pit level core control system or barrier screen core control system or slowing down pond Displacement kernel control system or control rod core control system；Slowing down pit level core control system is arranged in slowing down liquid loop, and the slowing down liquid returns Road is unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid is all the time from slowing down pond（301）Top inputs；Slowing down pit level core control system passes through regulation and control In slowing down pond the liquid level of moderator come change neutron exchange and neutron energy spectrum, so as to reach regulation and control reactor core reactivity mesh , and passive shutdown is in case of emergency performed automatically；Slowing down liquid is not full of slowing down pond in unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, reacts Heap movement can cause slowing down fluid wave to move, and slowing down pit level core control system is not suitable for mobile model reactor；Barrier screen core control system Also there is slowing down liquid loop, it includes slowing down liquid loop and barrier screen mechanism, and the slowing down liquid loop is deflecting slowing down liquid loop, normally Slowing down liquid is from slowing down pond during operation（301）Exported at the top of bottom input, slowing down pond（301）It is interior to be full of slowing down liquid, not by reactor Moving influence；The deflecting of slowing down liquid is from slowing down pond during shutdown（301）Top inputs, slowing down pond（301）Slowing down liquid is not accumulated；Resistance Shield core control system regulates and controls reactor core reactivity by way of obstructing neutron and exchanging, and it does not have slowing down fluid wave to move, and is suitable for moving Type reactor, it can also be used to fixed reactor；Slowing down pond displacement kernel control system is to move integrally slowing down pond（301）, by changing Become slowing down pond（301）With pond of fissioning（201）Coupled structure, make neutron exchange and coupling nuclear reaction change, so as to regulate and control reactor core Reactivity.
22. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that：Unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is from slowing down pond （301）Top inputs slowing down liquid, and its main body includes slowing down pond（301）, liquid storage tank（601）, slowing down liquid, infusion pump（632）, transfusion Pipe（633）, bubbler（631）, return duct（635）With slowing down liquid cooler（602）, unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is by infusion pump （632）Promote, its circulating path is：Liquid storage tank → infusion pump → bubbler → slowing down pond → return duct → slowing down liquid cooler → Liquid storage tank；Liquid storage tank（601）Position is less than slowing down pond（301）, slowing down liquid relies on gravity reflux, liquid storage tank（601）With slowing down pond （301）Drop it is bigger backflow potential energy it is bigger；Woven hose（633）On be provided with infusion pump（632）, infusion pump（632）It is quantitative to Slowing down liquid, woven hose are supplied in slowing down pond（633）One connection liquid storage tank（601）Bottom, other end connection slowing down pond（301）Top Bubbler（631）, bubbler（631）Main body is a container or pipe fitting for being provided with nozzle, and its function is to spray or spray Slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond by mist mode, and slowing down liquid trickles the heat taken away on device from the top down； Return duct（635）For large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram；Slowing down liquid cooler（602）It is the cooling of slowing down liquid And temperature regulating device, its be arranged in liquid storage tank or outside；The parts surface of slowing down pond domestic demand cooling sets silk screen, needs cooling end Part surface sets silk screen to cover, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid stream and drops down speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed in parts surface, and prevent Slowing down liquid splashes.
23. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that：Slowing down pit level core control system body bag Include unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, gas equalizing line（638）With liquid stream controlling organization；Gas equalizing line（638）Connect slowing down pond（301） Top and liquid storage tank（601）Top, balance the air pressure in two ponds；Liquid stream controlling organization includes liquid flowing controller（605）, shutdown valve （611）, monitoring device and control circuit；Liquid flowing controller（605）For single motor regulating valve or by multiple motorized adjustment valve groups Into its function is accurate adjustment slowing down pit level；Shutdown valve（611）For normally off, opened during shutdown, shutdown valve（611） For the normally closed electrically operated valve of heavy caliber of one or more series connection；Monitoring device includes moderator level monitoring device and TEMP Device；During slowing down pit level core control system normal operation, infusion pump（632）Slowing down liquid pump is entered into slowing down pond（301）, bubbler （631）Scattered slowing down liquid is trickled downwards and lodged in slowing down pond to each device surface, and slowing down liquid is controlled by gravity by liquid stream Device（605）With certain flow through return duct（635）It is back to liquid storage tank（601）, and by slowing down liquid cooler（602）Cooling and Temperature control；During shutdown, start shut-down procedure or cut-out shutdown valve（611）Power supply, normally closed shutdown valve（611）Automatically turn on, slowly The slowing down liquid changed in pond passes through bigbore shutdown valve（611）Quick backflow enters liquid storage tank（601）, slowing down is not accumulated in slowing down pond Liquid；Slowing down liquid loop continues executing with refrigerating function during shutdown；The workflow of reactor capability regulation and control：Held by liquid flowing controller OK, moderator liquid level in slowing down pond is adjusted first, is changed neutron exchange and neutron energy spectrum therewith, is finally reached regulation and control reactor core The purpose of power；The workflow of shutdown work：Start shut-down procedure or cut off power supply → shutdown valve of shutdown valve（611）Automatically Unlatching → slowing down liquid is through heavy caliber shutdown valve（611）Quick backflow enters liquid reserve tank（601）→ slowing down pond lacks slowing down liquid and lost The reaction of moderation of neutrons function → fission with thermal neutron is terminated → and reactor core can not maintain chain reaction and shutdown；Cooling at reactor shutdown flow： Shutdown valve（611）In opening → infusion pump（632）Continue to run with → slowing down liquid loop continues cycling through → bubbler（631） Into slowing down pond each part sprinkling moderator and carrying out cool down → slowing down liquid is through shutdown valve（611）Quick backflow enters liquid reserve tank （601）→ slowing down liquid can not be lodged in slowing down pond；The recovery flow of slowing down pit level core control system：Close shutdown work or extensive Multiple shutdown valve（611）Power supply → shutdown valve（611）Be closed → slowing down liquid is through liquid flowing controller（605）It is back to storage Liquid pool（601）→ regulation liquid flowing controller（605）Slowing down pit level is set to be maintained at suitable height.
24. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that：Deflecting slowing down liquid loop main body includes slow Change pond（301）, liquid storage tank（601）, slowing down liquid, woven hose（633）, infusion pump（632）, upper tubing（655）, upper fluid-delivery valve （656）, lower infusion tube（661）, lower fluid-delivery valve（662）, bubbler（631）, upper return duct（663）, lower return duct（665）, under Return valve（666）With slowing down liquid cooler（602）；The slowing down liquid in deflecting slowing down liquid loop is by infusion pump（632）Transport, normal fortune The departure date is by infusion pump（632）The whole power for transporting slowing down liquid are provided；The shutdown phase increases gravity reflux, liquid storage tank（601）With it is slow Change pond（301）Drop it is bigger backflow potential energy it is bigger；Woven hose（633）Lower end connects liquid reserve tank（601）Bottom, woven hose （633）On be provided with infusion pump（632）, infusion pump（632）On separate upper tubing（655）And lower infusion tube（661）；It is upper defeated Liquid pipe（655）Connect bubbler（631）, bubbler（631）Main body is a container or pipe fitting for being provided with nozzle, and slowing down liquid leads to Cross bubbler（631）Slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond, slowing down liquid trickles from the top down to be taken away on device Heat；Lower infusion tube（661）Connect slowing down bottom of pond portion；Lower return duct（665）For large diameter pipeline, to meet scram It is required that；Lower fluid-delivery valve（662）For normally open, closed during shutdown, lower fluid-delivery valve（662）For normally opened electrically operated valve；Upper transfusion Valve（656）With lower return valve（666）For normally off, opened during shutdown, upper fluid-delivery valve（656）With lower return valve（666）For Normally closed electrically operated valve；Circulating path during normal operation is：Liquid storage tank（601）→ woven hose（633）→ infusion pump（632）→ under Fluid-delivery valve（662）→ lower infusion tube（661）→ slowing down pond（301）→ go up return duct（663）→ slowing down liquid cooler（602）→ storage Liquid pool（601）；Circulating path during shutdown is：Liquid storage tank（601）→ woven hose（633）→ infusion pump（632）→ above transfusion Valve（656）→ upper tubing（655）→ bubbler（631）→ slowing down pond（301）→ lower return valve（666）→ lower return duct （665）→ slowing down liquid cooler（602）→ liquid storage tank（601）, the upper return duct during shutdown（663）Function is converted into gas and put down Weighing apparatus, balance slowing down pond（301）And liquid storage tank（601）Interior air pressure；The parts surface of slowing down pond domestic demand cooling sets silk screen, needs cold But the surface of part sets silk screen to cover, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid stream and drops down speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed in parts surface, And prevent slowing down liquid from splashing.
25. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 24, it is characterized in that：Barrier screen core control system body includes becoming To slowing down liquid loop and barrier screen mechanism；Barrier screen mechanism body includes barrier screen driver（682）, transmission belt（683）, on lead Bar（685）, sealing sliding sleeve（427）, sealing ring（691）, barrier screen（681）, lower guide rod（695）With lower guide pipe（696）；Barrier Screen（681）It is positioned close to the slowing down pond in fission pond（301）Side, barrier screen（681）For the tubular or arc of lower forks Body, bifurcated mouth set lower guide rod（695）, barrier screen（681）Top sets top guide bar（685）；Seal sliding sleeve（427）It is arranged on slow Change pond top cover（305）On upper or slowing down pond top deck, sliding sleeve is sealed（427）Interior setting sealing ring（691）And sliding structure, on Guide rod（685）In sealing sliding sleeve（427）Interior slip；Lower guide rod（695）Slide and be positioned at lower guide pipe（696）It is interior, lower guiding Pipe（696）It is provided with liquid-leaking nozzle；Barrier screen（681）Function with barrier thermal neutron or whole neutrons, barrier screen driver （682）Driving barrier screen（681）Move up and down, mobile barrier screen（681）Change neutron distribution and neutron in primary tank to exchange, with This changes reactor core reactivity and regulation and control core power；Shutdown work is performed by deflecting slowing down liquid loop, is started shut-down procedure or is cut The power supply of disconnected valve, normally opened lower fluid-delivery valve（662）Close, normally closed upper fluid-delivery valve（656）With lower return valve（666）Automatically open Open, slowing down liquid passes through lower return duct（665）Flow rapidly into liquid storage tank（601）, liquid storage tank（601）Gas pass through upper return duct （663）Two pond air pressure, slowing down pond are balanced into slowing down pond（301）Slowing down liquid, thermal neutron and fission with thermal neutron reaction can not be accumulated Disappear, reactor core reactivity sharp fall, passive shutdown purpose is reached with this；Slowing down liquid circulates from the bottom up during normal operation, slowing down Slowing down liquid is full of in pond, refrigerating function is efficient；The loop deflecting of slowing down liquid is circulates from top to bottom during shutdown, and slowing down liquid is in each device The trickling of part surface can continue executing with refrigerating function.
26. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：Slowing down pond（301）Filling liquid slowing down Agent, slowing down pond（301）Slowing down liquid loop is provided with, slowing down liquid is by slowing down liquid cooler（602）Cooling；Slowing down pond（301）In set Breed fuel system is put, breed fuel system is cooled down by slowing down liquid；Breed fuel system be immersion type breed fuel system or every From formula breed fuel system；The breed fuel raw material soaking of immersion type breed fuel system in slowing down liquid, exercise molten by slowing down liquid Part nucleic in agent function dissolving breed fuel, reactor, and the quilt outside reactor primary tank are taken out of by slowing down liquid loop ON-LINE SEPARATION is extracted；Isolated breed fuel system is propagation bar system, and breed fuel is filled in propagation rod（365）It is interior, propagation Fuel is isolated with moderator.
27. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that：Propagation bar system main body includes slowing down liquid Loop, propagation rod（365）, propagation rod sleeve pipe（366）, set pipe grid（367）, Huan Bang mechanisms and auxiliary equipment；Breed rod（365） For the bar-shaped cladding tubes construction of both ends sealing, filling breed fuel raw material in it；Breed rod sleeve pipe（366）For fingerstall tubulose, it is Breed rod（365）With slowing down pond（301）Between disrance sleeve, be fixed on slowing down pond top cover（305）Or slowing down pond top deck or On slowing down bottom of pond plate, rod sleeve pipe is bred in its openend outside slowing down pond（366）It is seal construction with stationary plane joint；Increase Grow rod sleeve pipe（366）Isolation propagation rod（365）With slowing down liquid, be easy to breed the online replacing of rod, its length and cross sectional shape with Breed rod（365）It is mutually adapted；Cover pipe grid（367）Reinforce propagation rod sleeve pipe（366）Prevent from deforming；Breed rod（365）And increasing Grow rod sleeve pipe（366）Tube portions select the material high to neutron transparency, such as aluminium base or zirconium-based metallic material；Huan Bang mechanisms It is propagation rod（365）Online replacing facility, Huan Bang mechanisms are arranged on slowing down pond（301）Either above or below, on slowing down pond Just have obstacle changes rod barrier zone, and selection lower section, which changes bar mode or sets substitute to substitute, breeds rod；Substitute need not It is online to change, changed when need only be uncapped in slowing down pond, substitute is secondary neutron source component or reflective bar or reaction rod, in secondary Source components are used for reactor startup next time or new heap starts, and reaction rod is used to manufacture artificial element；Auxiliary equipment includes temperature Detection means, temperature sensor are built in propagation rod（365）It is interior, when propagation rod（365）When interior temperature exceeds normal value, show to increase Growing has fission reaction in rod, U-233 content has reached the scope of extraction, and this rod must be changed.
28. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that：Breed rod（365）Including bottom plug or Bottom plate, cladding tubes, filler, temperature sensor and top ends；Lower end is filled in by bottom or bottom plate seals, and upper end is close by top ends Seal, set operating head to be captured for Huan Bang mechanisms in top ends, initial filler is thorium compound, and temperature sensor is placed in filler In；Propagation rod is use repeatly component or Disposable artifact, and repeatability propagation rod can be used for multiple times, bottom plug and top ends It can be separated from cladding tubes, cladding tubes and bottom are filled in and top ends are to be threadedly coupled and seal；Propagation bar system changes rod machine Structure is set to breeding rod（365）Positioning function and move rod function certainly.
29. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that：The separating-purifying of breed fuel uses one Kind insoluble compound separation process：Separated using certain class thorium compound characteristic more inert than uranium compound, breed fuel is former Expect for indissoluble thorium compound, the uranium compound of this indissoluble thorium compound conversion is solvable；Described insoluble compound is pin For certain specific solvent, thus indissoluble thorium compound have it is a variety of；Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic molten Agent, indissoluble thorium compound are crystalline solid thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound；Indissoluble thorium Compound separation process：Indissoluble thorium compound receives the propagation rod placement storeroom that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out in propagation rod Fully being decayed for U-233 after Pa-233, → breed fuel is taken out from propagation rod and crush → breed fuel after crushing is thrown Enter dissolving tank, clarification → separation solution and precipitation after being sufficiently stirred；Sediment obtains Th-232 compounds after drying；Isolate Solution carry out solute and solvent separation, solute isolate is through being dried to obtain U-233 compounds.
30. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that：The separating-purifying of breed fuel uses one Kind soluble compounds separation process：Breed fuel raw material is solvable thorium compound, the uranium chemical combination of this solvable thorium compound conversion Thing is also solvable；Described soluble compounds be for certain specific solvent, therefore solvable thorium compound have it is a variety of； Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, and solvable thorium compound is noncrystalline thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium Salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound；Solvable thorium compound separation process：Indissoluble thorium compound receives neutron spoke in propagation rod Penetrate → the propagation rod that On-line testing goes out places storeroom and treats that Pa-233 fully decays for U-233 → and propagation combustion is taken out from propagation rod Expect and carry out the input dissolving tank of the breed fuel after crushing → crushing, stirring and dissolving → breed fuel solution → extracts from solution U-233；Solute re-dry is separated from extract and obtains U-233 compounds；Solute re-dry is separated from the surplus liquid after extraction Obtain Th-232 compounds.
31. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：Primary tank sets finger sleeve or sealing to slide Set（427）, finger sleeve or sealing sliding sleeve（427）Interior setting plug-in system, including Neutron source assembly（411）, core survey device；Refer to The inner closing of sleeve pipe outer end opening, is inwardly inserted into primary tank and forms disrance sleeve；Seal sliding sleeve（427）Seal is inside provided with, Seal sliding sleeve（427）In primary tank external seal, sliding sleeve is sealed（427）Interior plug-in unit is not isolated with primary tank；Fission bottom of pond portion or Neutron source mechanism is set at the top of person's slowing down pond（401）.
32. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that：Bottom of pond of fissioning portion sets neutron source mechanism （401）, neutron source mechanism（401）Main body includes Neutron source assembly（411）, neutron source cooler（431）, neutron source sleeve pipe （415）, sliding sleeve（426）With neutron Source drive（413）；Neutron source sleeve pipe（415）For Neutron source assembly and Main Coolant Disrance sleeve, neutron source sleeve pipe（415）And sliding sleeve（426）Connect and split on same center line, both are fixed on Become bottom of pond plate（205）On, the former is positioned at fission pond（201）Interior, the latter is outside fission pond, except both outside interruption mechanisms （401）Remainder from fission pond（201）Upper ON-LINE SEPARATION, neutron source sleeve pipe（415）Shape of cross section can be with heap Core fuel assembly matches；Neutron source assembly（411）For column seal construction, its base portion is smooth slipper, neutron source Component（411）Inside sets neutron source（400）And coolant circulation passage；Neutron source cooler（431）Cool down Neutron source assembly （411）, neutron source cooler（431）For gas or liquid cooling loops, cooling agent is from Neutron source assembly（411）Center enters again Flowed back from periphery；Neutron Source drive（413）Function be driving Neutron source assembly（411）In sliding sleeve（426）Interior slip, Neutron source assembly（411）Sliding type be move up and down, neutron Source drive（413）It can be motor-driven easy liter Platform or the electromagnetic driver of complexity drop.
33. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that：Slowing down pond（301）Top sets slowing down Pond neutron source mechanism（401）, slowing down pond neutron source mechanism（401）Main body includes Neutron source assembly（411）, sealing sliding sleeve（427）、 Sealing ring（691）With neutron Source drive（413）；Seal sliding sleeve（427）It is fixed on slowing down pond top cover（305）On, neutron source group Part（411）Shell is smooth cylindrical seal container, is provided with neutron source in it（400）；Neutron source assembly（411）With sealing Sliding sleeve（427）It is middle to form slidable seal construction；Neutron Source drive（413）Drive Neutron source assembly（411）Slided in sealing Set（427）Interior motion, neutron Source drive（413）For boom hoisting or electromagnetic actuator device；Neutron source assembly（411）By slowing down Liquid is directly cooled down, and conductive fluid or heat-conducting gas enhancing cooling effect can be filled in Neutron source assembly；Neutron source assembly（411）Release Neutron in slowing down pond slowing down be thermal neutron, thermal neutron, which exchanges, to be entered fission pond and triggers reactor core fission reaction.
34. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Main Coolant is liquid heavy metal, especially It is lead or lead bismuth eutectic；Major loop is main coolant loop, and major loop sets oxygen control system, protects major loop structure and function material Material；Oxygen control system is gas phase oxygen control system or solid phase oxygen control system；Major loop sets Main Coolant to aid in heating and heat-insulating device, main Cooling agent auxiliary heating and heat-insulating device is arranged on the Main Coolant that its function on fission bottom of pond portion and circulating line is Melting And Solidification With prevention Main Coolant solidification.
35. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 34, it is characterized in that：Gas phase oxygen control system body includes oxygen control Gas return path, gas diffuser（282）, air pump（283）And measuring and controlling device；Oxygen control gas return path includes gas preparing room （281）With circulation air flue, gas preparing room（281）The ratio of oxygen control gas componant is allocated；Gas diffuser（282） For the pipeline or container of main coolant flow warp, contain agitating device, gas diffuser（282）By main circulation pump（235）It is or main Circulation pipe（236）Or fission pond air chamber（221）Substitute；Air pump（283）Oxygen control gas is blasted into gas diffuser（282）, oxygen Control gas is evenly spread in Main Coolant, and the residual gas after a small amount of dissolving returns gas preparing room（281）Redistribution； Measuring and controlling device detects major loop oxygen content and gas component ratio in oxygen control gas return path and instructs gas preparing room（281）Adjust Control each gas componant；Described solid phase oxygen control system body includes mass exchanger（285）And measuring and controlling device；Mass exchanger （285）To be filled with oxide solid particle（286）Container type device, be arranged on the branch road of major loop, oxide solid Particle is soluble in Main Coolant；Main Coolant flows through mass exchanger（285）In oxide solid particle（286）It is enterprising Row solute exchanges, that is, carries out oxide dissolving and solute separates out deposition；Measuring and controlling device includes temperature controller（287）And flow controller （289）, measuring and controlling device detection and regulation flow through oxide solid particle（286）Main Coolant temperature or flow velocity or branch road open The logical time, the oxygen content in Main Coolant is regulated and controled by the dissolving and precipitation process of control oxide, branch road power is by leading back Road jet pressure difference provides.
36. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 35, it is characterized in that：Gas phase oxygen control system uses three vigour Body combines, and ternary gas include oxidizing gas, reducibility gas and vector gas, and oxidizing gas selects vapor or oxygen Or carbon dioxide, reducing gas select hydrogen or carbon monoxide, vector gas select argon gas；H2O/ is selected in ternary gas combination H2/ Ar or O2/ H2/ Ar or CO2/ CO/ Ar；Solid phase oxygen control system increases a bypass and sets hydride dissolver association The regulation and control of major loop oxygen content are adjusted, hydride dissolver is arranged on and mass exchanger（285）Relative major loop it is another End；The oxygen measuring probe of oxygen control system selects Zirconium oxide oxygen sensor.
37. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：Reactor sets partial circulating pump waste heat row Go out device and emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese, partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility substitutes major circulatory system by heap after shutdown Interior Residual heat removal；Partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility hinders can not work for some reason during shutdown, and reactor enables emergent non-immediately Active residual heat removal system；The position of emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese is higher than primary tank, and initial operation power is gravity, Subsequent power comes from steam；Emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese main body includes heat-carrying liquid case（931）, cooling water tank（932）、 Vacuum chamber（934）, flow control valve（937）, trigger valve（938）And pipeline；Level height is：Vacuum chamber（934）Highest, cooling Water tank（932）Take second place, be thirdly heat-carrying liquid case（931）, pond of fissioning（201）It is minimum；Heat-carrying liquid case（931）Store pure water or The aqueous solution, the aqueous solution contain neutron-absorbing material；Cooling water tank（932）Cooling water is stored, cooling water inflow depends on the waste heat of setting Discharge rate；Vacuum chamber（934）The function of the gas in primary tank and loop, vacuum chamber are absorbed from when initial（934）Connection A piece air intake duct（935）With a discharging tube（936）, air intake duct（935）Connect condenser pipe（933）End, discharging tube（936） Connect heat-carrying liquid case（931）；Flow control valve（937）For normally off, a flow rate set value is typically set at, can also be passed through Control circuit adjusting size, flow control valve（937）For normally closed electrically operated valve；Remaining valve is trigger valve（938）, normal fortune Trigger valve during row（938）It is closed, all passages are cut off, trigger valve when meeting an urgent need（938）In opening, start Valve（938）For normally closed electrically operated valve；Trigger valve（938）After being all turned on, reactor waste passive discharge in the form of water vapour Fission pond（201）；Whole system has two loops：One loop is gas return path, and another loop is water-vapour loop；Non- energy The startup program of dynamic residual heat removal system：Reactor shutdown → partial circulating pump residual heat removal system cisco unity malfunction → cut-out should The power supply of anxious Heat Discharging System of Chinese starts → met an urgent need Heat Discharging System of Chinese automatic start by program；Gas returns Road workflow：Vacuum chamber（934）The disposable gas absorbed in primary tank and pipeline, pond air chamber of fissioning（221）→ steam pipe （939）→ condenser pipe（933）→ vacuum chamber（934）← discharging tube（936）← heat-carrying liquid case（931）；Water-vapour loop works stream Journey：Heat-carrying liquid case（931）→ heat-carrying liquid → flow control valve（937）→ fission pond air chamber（221）→ it is distributed to Main Coolant table Face → water vapour → steam pipe（939）→ condenser pipe（933）→ condensed water → heat-carrying liquid case（931）.
38. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that：Reactor primary tank is in single slowing down pond Put coupled structure, slowing down pond（301）Constructed positioned at reactor center for tubbiness pond type, moderator is heavy water or light-water；Fission pond （201）Positioned at slowing down pond（301）Outside type construction in pond annular in shape, Main Coolant is lead or lead bismuth alloy, pond of fissioning（201）Set Fission pond air chamber（221）；Heat-exchanger tank is set on the outside of reactor（502）, the inner side and fission pond outside of heat-exchanger tank share one Individual heat conductive wall（503）, heat conductive wall（503）Outside sets heat-transfer pipe（504）, Main Coolant is in heat-transfer pipe（504）With fission pond （201）Interior circulation, heat-transfer pipe（504）And heat conductive wall（503）On be provided with fin（505）, heat-transfer pipe（504）And heat conductive wall （503）Common export reactor core heat；Fission pond madial wall（203）The neutron for being provided with large area thin-wall construction exchanges window；Reactor core Using solid fuel bar reactor core, reactor core periphery sets conversion fuel region, and blind zone is provided with the outside of reactor core（258）；Slowing down pond is set Put slowing down pit level core control system or barrier screen core control system；Neutron source mechanism（401）It is arranged in fission pond or slowing down pond；Heat Exchange pond（502）Equivalent to one, secondary circuit heat exchanger, secondary circuit cooling agent is water；Primary Ioops set explosive pipe（508）With it is quick-fried Broken valve（509）, heat-transfer pipe is leaked into when water occurs（504）And enter collecting chamber（507）When, steam turns to steam, and proportion is very Light steam is upwardly into explosive pipe（508）, explosive valve（509）Compression rupture of membranes discharges vapor, can prevent water or steam from entering Reactor core；Water leaks into fission pond air chamber（221）When, pond top cover of fissioning（202）The explosive pipe of upper setting（508）And explosive valve （509）Also vapor can be discharged；Fission sets deflector in pond（234）；Primary Ioops are provided with or without main circulation pump；One time Road sets main circulation pump（235）：Main Coolant leans on forced circulation；Primary Ioops are not provided with main circulation pump：Main Coolant leans on self-loopa.
39. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that：Reactor is small for dereliction shell of tank Type or miniature nuclear power unit, primary tank are single external coupled structure in slowing down pond, pond of fissioning（201）It is tubbiness positioned at center, slowly Change pond（301）It is annular tubular positioned at outside, moderator is graphite, is filled in tubular slowing down pond；Reactor uses slowing down pond Displacement kernel control system, slowing down pond（301）Do not contact fission pond（201）, slowing down pond（301）With pond of fissioning（201）Centered on carry out Axial movement.
40. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 39, it is characterized in that：Reactor is space nuclear power unit, Main Coolant is liquid metal, particularly liquid alkali metal, reactor core（250）Main body is made up of enclosed fuel stringer assembly, pond of fissioning Mozzle is set（233）；Fission pond（201）Heat energy is conducted to thermoelectric conversion device by liquid metal；Slowing down pond displacement kernel control system System, which exercises moderation of neutrons and core control function, slowing down pond displacement kernel control system, includes slowing down pond（301）With slowing down pond drive mechanism；Slowly Changing pond drive mechanism main body includes slowing down pond driver（553）, clutch, centre pilot（555）And resilient mounting；Centre pilot （555）It is axially fixed in fission bottom of pond plate（205）Center, clutch and centre pilot during normal operation（555）Engagement, slowing down pond Driver（553）Along centre pilot（555）Motion and positioning；Clutch and centre pilot during shutdown（555）Separation, resilience dress Put and slowing down pond is retracted or pushed back distal end, i.e., slowing down pond is away from fission pond, and the elastic force of resilient mounting is by spring（558）There is provided.
41. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 40, it is characterized in that：Slowing down pond driver（553）For stepping Or electric rotating machine, centre pilot（555）For screw rod, rotor axle center is hollow shape, centre pilot（555）From rotor axis of electric The heart passes through, and rotor is around centre pilot（555）Rotation；During normal operation, clutch and centre pilot（555）Engagement, electricity Machine promotes slowing down pond drive mechanism along centre pilot（555）Motion and positioning；During shutdown, clutch and centre pilot（555） Separation, resilient mounting is by slowing down pond（301）Retract or push back distal end, i.e. slowing down pond（301）Away from fission pond（201）, reactor core because Lacking degraded neutron causes reactivity to decline and shutdown.
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