CN105006601A

CN105006601A - Liquid metal battery

Info

Publication number: CN105006601A
Application number: CN201510490014.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: ***; 王文轩; 邹慧
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-08-12
Filing date: 2015-08-12
Publication date: 2015-10-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid metal battery, belongs to the field of energy storage of batteries, and relates to large-scale electricity storage facilities. Specifically, through a molten state, namely the oxidation-reduction reaction of liquid metal, chemical energy is converted to electric energy, the battery has the characteristic that metal is in the liquid state; through the liquidity of liquid, the charge transfer speed is superhigh, and the ohmic loss is low, so that the battery has the advantages of being high in charge and discharge efficiency, long in service life, large in permissible current, low in manufacturing and use cost and the like. The anode material mainly comprises magnesium and lithium; the cathode material mainly comprises lead and antimony; electrolyte is a corresponding molten salt electrolyte; after the metal is in the liquid state, natural layering happens due to different density to form the positive pole, the negative pole and an electrolyte layer of the battery, so that the structure of the battery is simple, and complicated components such as a membrane are not needed; the battery comprises a positive pole battery case, an insulating inner sleeve, a negative pole cover, a sealant, the negative pole, the electrolyte and the positive pole.

Description

A kind of liquid metal cell

Technical field

The invention belongs to electrochemical energy storage cell field, being applicable to super large-scale accumulate facility, is a kind of metal battery of liquid state.

Background technology

At present, electric power is all use immediately after generating, and cause like this, during peak of power consumption, electric power is inadequate, power surplus during low ebb.From national angle, cause waste, from user perspective, step price, adds the electric cost of enterprise.The large-sized battery social and market active demand one is suitable, from domestic consumer's angle, charges the battery by the electricity price of low ebb, uses when peak, reduces electric cost; From national angle, water energy can be made full use of, solar energy, the natural resourcess such as wind energy.

Before several years, national grid has developed a battery energy storage power station cooperatively, cost 500,000,000 dollars with BYD, if with liquid metal cell, cost is no more than 500 ten thousand U.S. dollars, and the life-span of liquid state batteries is longer, maintenance cost is lower, visible, and liquid state batteries prospect is very good.

The research of people's liquid towards battery is long-standing, and 1901, there is scientist to propose the theory of liquid metal cell, be called " Hoopes Cell "; In whole 20th century, comprise General Corporation, International Atomic laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, the liquid towards metal batteries such as Ford have research; 2006, this technology was brought up again by Massachusetts team of Polytechnics, 2010, Massachusetts incorporation of team of Polytechnics, and the investment obtaining comprising Bill Gates is more than 100,000,000 U.S. dollars, and along with improving constantly of new material technology, liquid state batteries makes rapid progress.

Summary of the invention

A kind of liquid metal cell, its structure composition comprises positive battery shell 1, insulation inner sleeve 2, negative cover 3, fluid sealant 4, negative pole 5, electrolyte 6, positive pole 7.Operationally, be in hot environment, negative pole 5, electrolyte 6, positive pole 7 is fused solution, because its density is different, and respective natural layering, its density of negative pole 5 is minimum, in the superiors after fusing, form the negative pole of battery, and contact with negative cover 3, by its output current, its density of positive pole 7 is maximum, at orlop after fusing, forms the positive pole of battery, and contact with positive battery shell 1, by its output current, electrolyte 6 is the mixture of three kinds of salt, its medium density, mediate layer, and both positive and negative polarity is separated.

Utilize simple machining, just can obtain the part of being correlated with, as positive battery shell 1, insulation inner sleeve 2, negative cover 3, insulation inner sleeve 2 is put into positive battery shell 1, then load weighted electrode material is put into insulation inner sleeve 2, build negative cover 3, and with fluid sealant 4 good seal, leave standstill a period of time, until fluid sealant is completely fixed.

The battery assembled is put into high-temperature cabinet, and draws both positive and negative polarity with wire, be connected on voltmeter, note, will cooling measure be carried out here, prevent high temperature failure voltmeter.Corresponding temperature is set, and records experimental data.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Figure is the center section plan of battery, and its structure composition comprises positive battery shell 1, insulation inner sleeve 2, negative cover 3, fluid sealant 4, negative pole 5, electrolyte 6, positive pole 7.

Embodiment

With different battery materials, two kinds of batteries are made.

Wherein negative material selects a magnesium metal, and what positive electrode was selected is metallic antimony, and electrolyte is magnesium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and their molar ratio is 5:3:2, and the ambient temperature of setting is 700 DEG C.

Another kind of negative material selects lithium metal, and what positive electrode was selected is metallic antimony and lead, and electrolyte is lithium fluoride, lithium chloride and lithium iodide, and their molar ratio is 2:5:3, and the ambient temperature of setting is 450 DEG C.

Packaged battery is put into high-temperature cabinet, sets corresponding temperature value, after normal battery operation, the voltage of both positive and negative polarity can be measured.Test data is in table 1.

Table 1.

By upper experimental data, known, lithium battery is higher than the voltage of magnesium cell, and ambient temperature is also low.

In the Experimental comparison of lithium battery and magnesium cell, also obtain following data, in table 2.

Table 2

Claims

1. a liquid metal cell, its structure composition comprises positive battery shell 1, insulation inner sleeve 2, negative cover 3, fluid sealant 4, negative pole 5, electrolyte 6, positive pole 7; Operationally, be in hot environment, negative pole 5, electrolyte 6, positive pole 7 is fused solution, because its density is different, and respective natural layering, its density of negative pole 5 is minimum, in the superiors after fusing, form the negative pole of battery, and contact with negative cover 3, by its output current, its density of positive pole 7 is maximum, at orlop after fusing, forms the positive pole of battery, and contact with positive battery shell 1, by its output current, electrolyte 6 is the mixture of multiple salt, its medium density, mediate layer, and both positive and negative polarity is separated.

2. as claimed in claim 1, described positive battery shell 1 and negative cover 3 are stainless steel; Described insulation inner sleeve 2 is ceramic material; Described fluid sealant 4 is high temperature resistant, sealing, insulating material.

3. as claimed in claim 1, when described positive pole 7 material selection metallic antimony, during negative pole 5 material selection magnesium metal, its molar ratio is Mg:Sb=x:y, has 0.2≤x≤0.4,0.6≤y≤0.8, x+y=1, and when x:y=3:7 is optimal proportion, its electrolyte is magnesium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, molar ratio is MgCl ₂: NaCl:KCl=a:b:c, has 0.4≤a≤0.6,0.2≤b≤0.4,0.1≤c≤0.3, a+b+c=1, and a:b:c=5:3:2 is optimal proportion, and working temperature is 700 DEG C.

4. as claimed in claim 1, when described positive pole 7 material selection metallic lead and antimony, during negative pole 5 material selection lithium metal, its molar ratio is Li:Pb:Sb=x:y:z, there is 0.35≤x≤0.55, 0.28≤y≤0.48, 0.07≤y≤0.27, x+y+z=1, and when x:y:z=45:38:17 is optimal proportion, its electrolyte is lithium fluoride, lithium chloride and lithium iodide, molar ratio is LiF:LiCl:LiI=a:b:c, there is 0.1≤a≤0.3, 0.4≤b≤0.6, 0.2≤c≤0.4, a+b+c=1, and a:b:c=2:5:3 is optimal proportion, working temperature is 450 DEG C.

5. as claimed in claim 1, the part placement of integral mechanical structure is reasonable, compact, without space waste.

6. as claimed in claim 1, involved part does not have complicated processing technology, only needs by car, milling, and can complete part processing, production cost is low, and particularly in production in enormous quantities, low-cost advantage is obvious.