CN105002492B - It is a kind of to carry out the method that laser melting coating prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating using asynchronous powder-feeding method - Google Patents
It is a kind of to carry out the method that laser melting coating prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating using asynchronous powder-feeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
It is a kind of to carry out the method that laser melting coating prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating using asynchronous powder-feeding method, lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent to by lateral powder-feeding mouth by middle part to the position between afterbody with laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath, it is simultaneously by coaxial powder-feeding mouth that alloy powder or metal-ceramic composite powder end feeding molten bath is central, laser melting coating is carried out using laser, ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating is obtained.Coaxial powder-feeding method and lateral powder-feeding method are combined by the present invention, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent into molten bath rear part temperature lower region, reduce fusing decomposition and segregation and the skewness phenomenon of ceramic particle reinforced phase, ceramic particle reinforced phase is set to keep original pattern to be evenly distributed among whole coating to greatest extent, reach be effectively retained and dispersed ceramic particle reinforced phase purpose, the performance of composite coating can be increased substantially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, it is related to a kind of asynchronous powder-feeding method of new automatic powder feeding system of laser melting coating, especially relates to
And asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating.
Background technology
The automatic powder feeding system of current laser melting coating is broadly divided into prefabricated coating, coaxial powder-feeding method and lateral powder-feeding method.It is prefabricated
Coating technique is simple, and operation is flexible, to powder flowbility no requirement (NR), but is preparing ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating
When coating layer thickness be difficult to accurate control, dilution rate is larger, and stomata is more, and there is ceramic particle fusing in cladding layer and decompose tight
The phenomenon of weight and skewness, directly affects coating performance.Compared with prefabricated coating, coaxial powder-feeding method and lateral powder-feeding method tool
There is technological process simple, the advantages of coating layer thickness, dilution rate are controllable and are easy to automated production, but in ceramic particle reinforced metal
Still occur ceramic particle scaling loss in base composite coating preparation process and the serious and uneven phenomenon of distribution of particles is decomposed in fusing, and
And ceramic particle and alloy powder interact influence powder feeding efficiency during powder feeding, so that coating hardness is than under the same terms
Cladding layer prepared by prefabricated coating is low, greatly reduces the performance of coating.
The content of the invention
Laser melting coating is carried out using asynchronous powder-feeding method prepare ceramic particle enhancing gold it is an object of the invention to provide one kind
Belong to the method for base composite coating, coaxial powder-feeding mouth and lateral powder-feeding mouth are combined by this method, ceramic particle enhancing can be reduced
The fusing decomposition of phase and segregation and skewness phenomenon, make ceramic particle reinforced phase keep original pattern to greatest extent and equal
It is even to be distributed among whole coating, increase substantially the performance of coating.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
It is a kind of to carry out the method that laser melting coating prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating using asynchronous powder-feeding method, bag
Include following steps：
Step one：Lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth
It is fixed on the side opposite with laser scanning direction；
Step 2：By alloy powder or metal-ceramic composite powder end feeding coaxial powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent
Enter lateral powder-feeding mouth；
Step 3：By adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, lateral powder-feeding mouth is set to send ceramic particle reinforced phase
Enter the middle part to laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to the position between afterbody, while by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by alloy
Powder or metal-ceramic composite powder end feeding molten bath center, carry out laser melting coating using laser, obtain ceramic particle enhancing gold
Belong to base composite coating.
Alloy powder in the step 2 is to change between iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper-based, titanium-based, magnesium-based, aluminium base or metal
The alloy powder of compound base, the particle diameter of alloy powder is 0.1~500 micron.
In metal-ceramic composite powder end in the step 2 contained metal dust be iron-based, cobalt-based, it is Ni-based, copper-based,
Contained ceramic particle is carbon in titanium-based, magnesium-based, the alloy powder of aluminium base or intermetallic compound base, metal-ceramic composite powder end
The mixture of one kind or arbitrary proportion in compound, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle；Metal-ceramic composite powder end
In the particle diameter of contained ceramic particle be 0.1~500 micron, mass fraction is 0.1~70%；Institute in metal-ceramic composite powder end
The particle diameter of the metal dust contained is 0.1~500 micron, and mass fraction is 30~99.9%.
Ceramic particle reinforced phase in the step 2 is ceramic powders or the ceramet composite powder containing metal dust
End.
Described ceramic powders are the mixture of single ceramic material or two kinds and two or more ceramic materials, ceramics
In composite metal powder contained ceramic powders for single ceramic material or two kinds and two or more ceramic materials mixing
Thing.
Described ceramic powders are one kind in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle or any ratio
The mixture of example；The particle diameter of ceramic powders is 0.1~500 micron.
Contained ceramic powders are carbide, nitride, boride and oxide in described ceramet composite powder
Contained metal dust is iron-based, cobalt in the mixture of one kind or arbitrary proportion in ceramic particle, ceramet composite powder
Base, Ni-based, copper-based, titanium-based, magnesium-based, the alloy powder of aluminium base or intermetallic compound base；It is contained in ceramet composite powder
Ceramic powders particle diameter be 0.1~500 micron, mass fraction be 70~99.9%；Contained by ceramet composite powder
The particle diameter of metal dust is 0.1~500 micron, and mass fraction is 0.1~30%.
Ceramic particle reinforced phase in the step 2 be shaped as spherical, subsphaeroidal, polygonal or other are irregular outer
Shape.
The powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 20~70 ° in the step 3, and the meal outlet of lateral powder-feeding mouth is apart from molten bath
Height be 2~20mm.
The laser used in the step 3 during laser melting coating for carbon dioxide laser, its power be 100W~
10kW, sweep speed is 50~600mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0~30mm, and the powder sending quantity of coaxial powder-feeding mouth is 2~10r/min,
Carrier gas flux is 1~10L/min, and the powder sending quantity of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 2~10r/min, and carrier gas flux is 1~10L/min, protection
0.01~1MPa of atmospheric pressure, protection gas and carrier gas are inert gas.
Relative to prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
What the present invention was provided prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating using asynchronous powder-feeding method progress laser melting coating
Method, lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, by lateral powder-feeding mouth by ceramics
Grain enhancing is mutually sent to the middle part with laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath to the position between afterbody, while by coaxially sending
Alloy powder or metal-ceramic composite powder end feeding molten bath center are carried out laser melting coating using laser, obtain ceramics by powder mouth
Particulate reinforced metal-based composite coating.The asynchronous powder-feeding method that the present invention is used is mutually to tie coaxial powder-feeding method with lateral powder-feeding method
Close, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent to by molten bath Background Region by lateral powder-feeding mouth, because molten bath rear part temperature is relatively low, solidification
Speed, be greatly reduced ceramic particle reinforced phase fusing decompose, make ceramic particle reinforced phase have little time sink or
Floating be just set among coating, reach be effectively retained and dispersed ceramic particle reinforced phase purpose, protect to greatest extent
The original pattern for holding ceramic particle reinforced phase is evenly distributed among whole coating, is reduced the segregation of ceramic particle reinforced phase and is divided
Cloth non-uniform phenomenon, can increase substantially the performance of composite coating.The present invention carries out laser melting coating system using asynchronous powder-feeding method
Standby ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating, asynchronous powder-feeding method technological process is simple, and operation is flexible, coating layer thickness and dilution rate
It is easily controlled, is applicable to large-scale industrial production.Due in the absence of ceramic particle reinforced phase during coaxial powder-feeding with
The phenomenon of alloy powder interaction influence powder feeding efficiency, therefore compared with coaxial powder-feeding method, the powder of asynchronous powder-feeding method is utilized
Rate can reach more than 95%, with good economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the asynchronous powder-feeding method that the present invention is used.
Fig. 2 is that WC ceramic particles made from the embodiment of the present invention 1 strengthen the macro morphology of Ni based alloy composite coatings.
Fig. 3 is WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings (a) made from the embodiment of the present invention 1 and coaxial powder-feeding method
The section structure of the WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings (b) of preparation.
Fig. 4 is Cr made from the embodiment of the present invention 23C2Ceramic particle strengthens the macro morphology of Ni based alloy composite coatings.
Fig. 5 is Cr made from the embodiment of the present invention 23C2Ceramic particle enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings (a) and coaxial powder-feeding
Cr prepared by method3C2The section structure of ceramic particle enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings (b).
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
The invention provides a kind of new automatic powder feeding system of new laser melting coating-asynchronous powder-feeding method, i.e., by coaxial powder-feeding mouth and
Lateral powder-feeding mouth is combined, by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by alloy powder or the cermet containing a small amount of fine grained ceramic particle is combined
Powder feeding molten bath center, by lateral powder-feeding mouth by density is of a relatively high or relatively low diffluent or labile ceramics
Powder or the rear part temperature lower region that molten bath is sent into containing the ceramic metal ceramic powder, are settled special according to high density ceramic
Property, soluble ceramic dissolution characteristics, easily decompose ceramics resolution characteristic, molten bath size, bath temperature, molten bath viscosity and molten bath
Coagulating property etc. determines that lateral powder-feeding mouth sends into the particular location in molten bath, and cladding obtains the coating of even compact, by asynchronous
Powder feeding can reduce fusing decomposition and segregation and the skewness phenomenon of ceramic particle, make ceramic particle reinforced phase to greatest extent
The original pattern of holding and be evenly distributed among whole coating, with reach be effectively retained and dispersed ceramic particle mesh
, the performance of coating can be increased substantially.
Lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on the side opposite with laser scanning direction, makes lateral powder-feeding mouth that powder is sent to and swashed
The rear portion in optical scanning side molten bath in opposite direction；Can be by adjusting the angle and lateral powder-feeding mouth of lateral powder-feeding mouth to molten bath
Distance determine that lateral powder-feeding mouth sends into the particular location in molten bath；Particular location in lateral powder-feeding mouth feeding molten bath is made pottery
The influence of the Multiple factors such as porcelain inherent characteristic, molten bath size, bath temperature, molten bath viscosity, molten bath coagulating property, can be by having
Limit time tests to obtain the optimum position in lateral powder-feeding mouth feeding molten bath.Dystectic fine particle ceramic powders are typically difficult
Melt and sink to the bottom, therefore after short grained ceramic powders can be by premixing with alloy powder, sent entirely through coaxial powder-feeding mouth
Enter in molten bath, but mass fraction is difficult too high, is usually no more than 70%, otherwise occurs that coating is combined poor feelings with matrix
Condition.
The particle diameter of ceramic particle reinforced phase is between 0.1 to 500 microns；Density may be greater than the density of alloy powder
The density of alloy powder can also be less than or equal to；Can be single pure ceramic particle or two kinds or two kinds with
On ceramic particle mixture or metal ceramic powder containing ceramic particle；The shape of ceramic particle can be
It is spherical, can also be subsphaeroidal, polygonal or other irregular contours.The metallic matrix of the composite coating of preparation can be tradition
Iron-based, cobalt-based, the self-fluxing alloyed powder such as Ni-based or the copper-based of developmental research, titanium-based, magnesium-based, aluminium base at present
And the alloy powder of intermetallic compound base etc..
Asynchronous powder-feeding method technological process is simple, and operation is flexible, and coating layer thickness and dilution rate are easily controlled, and is applicable to big rule
The industrialized production of mould.Due to being sent in the absence of ceramic powders enhancing during coaxial powder-feeding with alloy powder interaction influence
The phenomenon of powder efficiency, therefore compared with coaxial powder-feeding method, asynchronous powder-feeding method powder using efficiency can reach more than 95%.
The following is the specific embodiment provided, it is necessary to which explanation, these embodiments are the present invention preferably examples, it is used for
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that it is of the invention, but the invention is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment 1：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from matrix of 304 stainless steels as laser melting coating, matrix size is 30mm × 50mm × 3mm, uses preceding elder generation
Cleaned with acetone, then blasting treatment carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished,
Cleaned again with acetone, and drying and processing is standby.
(2) Ni base alloy powders and WC ceramic particles (polygonal) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature
Spend for 100 DEG C, blower fan is opened, the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ni base alloy powders is 70~80 μm, WC ceramic particles
Particle mean size be 50 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) Ni base alloy powders and WC ceramic particles are respectively put into two powder feeders, make Ni base alloy powders are housed
Powder feeder connection coaxial powder-feeding mouth, powder feeder equipped with WC ceramic particles connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 50 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 5mm), lateral powder-feeding mouth is sent to WC ceramic particles and laser scanning direction phase
At the middle part in anti-side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd, while Ni base alloy powders are sent into molten bath by coaxial powder-feeding mouth
Centre, laser melting coating is carried out using laser, obtains WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings.Wherein laser melting coating when select
With carbon dioxide laser, its power is 1.5kW, sweep speed 150mm/min, defocusing amount 18mm, Ni base alloy powder powder feeding
4r/min, carrier gas flux 4L/min, WC ceramic particle powder sending quantity 8r/min, carrier gas flux 6L/min are measured, atmospheric pressure is protected
0.1MPa, protection gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
The macro morphology of WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings is as shown in Fig. 2 its section made from embodiment 1
Shown in structure such as Fig. 3 (a), answered it can be seen from SEM photograph with WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloys made from coaxial powder-feeding method
Conjunction coating Fig. 3 (b) compares, and (coaxial powder-feeding method is under the same conditions as example 1, by Ni base alloy powders and WC ceramics
Together via coaxial powder-feeding mouth powder feeding after particle mixing, then obtained through laser melting coating), WC ceramic particles produced by the present invention increase
WC ceramic particles in strong Ni based alloy composite coatings are evenly distributed in whole coating, greatly reduce WC ceramic particles
Melt decomposition and segregation and sink to the bottom phenomenon.Through micro-hardness testing, WC ceramic particles enhancing Ni based alloys produced by the present invention are answered
The average hardness for closing coating is 1128HV0.2, compared with prefabricated coating and coaxial powder-feeding method, significantly improve coating hardness.
Embodiment 2：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares Cr3C2Ceramic particle strengthens Ni based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from matrix of 304 stainless steels as laser melting coating, matrix size is 30mm × 50mm × 3mm, uses preceding elder generation
Cleaned with acetone, then blasting treatment carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished,
Cleaned again with acetone, and drying and processing is standby.
(2) by Ni base alloy powders and Cr3C2Ceramic powders (polygonal), which are placed in blast drier, carries out drying and processing,
Temperature is 100 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ni base alloy powders is 70~80 μm, Cr3C2Ceramics
The particle mean size of powder is 50 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) by Ni base alloy powders and little particle Cr3C2Mixed-powder (the little particle of ceramic powders (40 μm of granularity ＜)
Cr3C2Mass fraction shared by ceramic powders for 20%), bulky grain Cr3C2Ceramic powders (40 μm of granularity ＞) are respectively put into two
In powder feeder, make Ni base alloy powders and little particle Cr are housed3C2The powder feeder coaxial powder-feeding mouth of the mixed-powder of ceramic powders,
Equipped with bulky grain Cr3C2The powder feeder of ceramic powders connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 40 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 8mm), make lateral powder-feeding mouth by bulky grain Cr3C2Ceramic powders are sent to be swept with laser
Retouch at middle part to the afterbody 1/3rd in side molten bath in opposite direction, while by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by Ni base alloy powders and small
Particle Cr3C2The mixed-powder feeding molten bath center of ceramic powders, carries out laser melting coating using laser, obtains Cr3C2Ceramics
Grain enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings.Wherein laser melting coating when select carbon dioxide laser, its power be 1.5kW, scanning speed
Spend 150mmmin-1, defocusing amount 18mm, Ni base alloy powder and little particle Cr3C2The powder sending quantity of the mixed-powder of ceramic powders
For 4r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin-1, bulky grain Cr3C2The powder sending quantity of ceramic powders is 6r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa is protected, protection gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
Cr made from embodiment 23C2The macro morphology of ceramic particle enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings is as shown in figure 4, it is disconnected
Shown in face structure such as Fig. 5 (a), with Cr made from coaxial powder-feeding method it can be seen from SEM photograph3C2Ceramic particle enhancing Ni bases are closed
Golden composite coating Fig. 5 (b) compare (coaxial powder-feeding method be under the same conditions as in practical example 2, by Ni base alloy powders and
Cr3C2Together via coaxial powder-feeding mouth powder feeding after ceramic powders mixing, then obtained through laser melting coating), it is produced by the present invention
Cr3C2Cr in ceramic particle enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings3C2Ceramic particle is evenly distributed in whole coating, significantly
Reduce Cr3C2The fusing decomposition of ceramic particle and segregation and phenomenon is sunk to the bottom, through micro-hardness testing, Cr produced by the present invention3C2
The average hardness of ceramic particle enhancing Ni based alloy composite coatings is 1100HV0.2, show good high-temperature wearable damage property, mill
Loss rate is 1.49 × 10-6g·N-1·m-1, it is 1st/20th of 304 stainless steel bases.It is of the invention with prefabricated coating and same
Axle powder-feeding method is compared, and significantly improves coating hardness and wearability.
Embodiment 3：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares Al2O3-TiO2Composite coating：
(1) from Ti-6Al-4V alloys (TC4) as matrix material, matrix size is 80mm × 80mm × 6mm, is used
It is preceding first to be cleaned with acetone, then blasting treatment is carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), and sandblasting is complete
Bi Hou, then with alcohol washes, dry for standby.
(2) by TiO2Powder and Al2O3Powder (subsphaeroidal), which is placed in blast drier, carries out drying and processing, and temperature is 120
DEG C, blower fan is opened, and the time is 480 minutes.Wherein TiO2The granularity of powder is 100 μm, Al2O3The particle mean size of powder is 100 μ
m。
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) by TiO2Powder and Al2O3Powder is respectively put into two powder feeders, makes TiO is housed2The powder feeder of powder connects
Coaxial powder-feeding mouth is connect, equipped with Al2O3The powder feeder of powder connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 45 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 10mm), make lateral powder-feeding mouth by Al2O3Powder is sent to and laser scanning direction phase
At the middle part in anti-side molten bath to afterbody a quarter, while by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by TiO2Powder feeding molten bath center, makes
Laser melting coating is carried out with laser, Al is obtained2O3-TiO2Composite coating.Wherein laser melting coating when select carbon dioxide laser,
Its power is 1kW, sweep speed 200mmmin-1, defocusing amount 10mm, TiO2Powder powder sending quantity 2r/min, carrier gas flux 4L
min-1, Al2O3Powder powder sending quantity 8r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa is protected, wherein protection gas and carrier gas
It is argon gas.
Al made from embodiment 32O3-TiO2Al in composite coating2O3Ceramic particle is evenly distributed in whole coating, greatly
Reduce Al greatly2O3The fusing decomposition of ceramic particle and rising phenomenon, are also mitigated due to Al2O3Particle aggregation and crack
Possibility.Fine motion frictional experiment shows, the Al2O3-TiO2The stable coefficient of friction of composite coating is that 0.3,30min frictions are surveyed
Volume wear substantially increases Al less than 1/5th of matrix after examination2O3-TiO2The wear resistance of composite coating.
Embodiment 4：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares WC enhancing Co based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from 304 stainless steels as matrix material, matrix size is 80mm × 80mm × 12mm, using preceding first with third
Ketone is cleaned, then carries out blasting treatment with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, and sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then is used
Alcohol washes, dry for standby.
(2) Co base alloy powders and WC ceramic particles (subsphaeroidal) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature
Spend for 150 DEG C, blower fan is opened, the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Co base alloy powders is 45~150 μm, WC ceramic particles
Granularity be 45-150 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) Co base alloy powders and WC ceramic particles are respectively put into two powder feeders, make Co base alloy powders are housed
Powder feeder connection coaxial powder-feeding mouth, powder feeder equipped with WC ceramic particles connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 55 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 3mm), lateral powder-feeding mouth is sent to WC ceramic particles and laser scanning direction phase
At the middle part in anti-side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd, while Co base alloy powders are sent into molten bath by coaxial powder-feeding mouth
Centre, laser melting coating is carried out using laser, obtains WC enhancing Co based alloy composite coatings.Wherein laser melting coating when select titanium dioxide
Carbon laser, its power is 2.5kW, sweep speed 400mmmin-1, (No. 6 conjunctions of Co bases of defocusing amount 18mm, Co base alloy powder
Gold) powder sending quantity 4r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin-1, WC ceramic particles powder sending quantity 4r/min, carrier gas flux 6Lmin-1, protect
Atmospheric pressure 0.1MPa is protected, wherein protection gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
WC made from embodiment 4 strengthens WC ceramic particles in Co based alloy composite coatings and is evenly distributed in whole coating
In, coating hardness reaches 1100HV0.2, the presence of WC ceramic particles greatly strengthen the solution strengthening and dispersion-strengtherning of coating.The WC
WC content accounts for 50% in enhancing Co based alloy composite coatings, and hardness and toughness have reached best match, and WC enhancing Co based alloys are answered
The coefficient of friction for closing coating is that the wear extent after 0.1839,10min is 0.2mg, WC is strengthened the resistance to of Co based alloy composite coatings
Abrasiveness improves nearly 30 times compared with cobalt-base alloys.
Embodiment 5：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares Co-Cr3C2Composite coating：
(1) from mild steel as matrix material, matrix size is 100mm × 60mm × 10mm, and acetone is first used using preceding
Cleaning, then blasting treatment is carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then uses wine
Seminal plasma is washed, dry for standby.
(2) by Co base alloy powders and Cr3C2Ceramic powders (other irregular contours) are placed in blast drier and dried
Dry-cure, temperature is 150 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Co base alloy powders is 0.1-60 μm,
Cr3C2The granularity of ceramic powders is 0.1-45 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) by Co base alloy powders and Cr3C2Ceramic powders are respectively put into two powder feeders, make Co based alloy powder is housed
The powder feeder connection coaxial powder-feeding mouth at end, equipped with Cr3C2The powder feeder of ceramic powders connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 60 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 12mm), make lateral powder-feeding mouth by Cr3C2Ceramic powders are sent to and laser scanning side
At to the middle part in opposite side molten bath to afterbody 1/3rd, while Co base alloy powders are sent into molten bath by coaxial powder-feeding mouth
Center, carries out laser melting coating using laser, obtains Co-Cr3C2Composite coating.Wherein laser melting coating when from carbon dioxide swash
Light device, its power is 3.5kW, sweep speed 250mmmin-1, defocusing amount 20mm, Co base alloy powder powder sending quantity 8r/min, load
Throughput 6Lmin-1, Cr3C2Ceramic powders powder sending quantity 3r/min, carrier gas flux 4Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 0.01MPa is protected,
Wherein protection gas and carrier gas is argon gas.
Co-Cr made from embodiment 53C2Cr in composite coating3C2Fusing decomposes less, and Cr is not melted3C2Ceramic particle is distributed
Uniformly, coating average hardness reaches 900HV0.2, significantly improved than Co based alloy coating hardness.In different corrosive mediums, Co-
Cr3C2The corrosion resistance of composite coating is superior to Co based alloy coatings.In addition, the Cr not melted3C2Ceramic particle enhances coating group
Adhesion between knitting, substantially increases Co-Cr3C2The abrasion resistance properties of composite coating.
Embodiment 6：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares TiN-Ni based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from TC4 alloys as matrix material, matrix size is 100mm × 60mm × 10mm, and acetone is first used using preceding
Cleaning, then blasting treatment is carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then uses wine
Seminal plasma is washed, dry for standby.
(2) Ni base alloy powders and TiN powder (polygonal) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is
150 DEG C, blower fan is opened, and the time is 240 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ni base alloy powders is 150-250 μm, the granularity of TiN powder
For 150-250 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) Ni base alloy powders and TiN powder are respectively put into two powder feeders, make sending equipped with Ni base alloy powders
Powder device connects coaxial powder-feeding mouth, and the powder feeder equipped with TiN powder connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 35 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 15mm), lateral powder-feeding mouth is sent to TiN powder opposite with laser scanning direction
At the middle part in side molten bath to afterbody 1/3rd, while Ni base alloy powders are sent into by molten bath center by coaxial powder-feeding mouth,
Laser melting coating is carried out using laser, TiN-Ni based alloy composite coatings are obtained.Wherein laser melting coating when from carbon dioxide swash
Light device, its power is 100W, sweep speed 50mmmin-1, defocusing amount 0mm, Ni base alloy powder powder sending quantity 6r/min, carrier gas
Flow 2Lmin-1, TiN powder powder sending quantity 2r/min, carrier gas flux 2Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 0.05MPa is protected, wherein protecting
Gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
A large amount of TiN particles are evenly distributed among whole coating in TiN-Ni based alloys composite coating made from embodiment 6,
There are a variety of invigoration effects such as particle strengthening, refined crystalline strengthening, solution strengthening in TiN-Ni based alloy composite coatings, so that significantly
The abrasion resistance properties for improving TC4 alloys.Microhardness is 9000Mpa-12000Mpa.
Embodiment 7：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares B4C-Fe based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from Q235 as matrix material, matrix size is 50mm × 50mm × 10mm, using preceding first clear with acetone
Wash, then blasting treatment is carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then uses alcohol
Cleaning, dry for standby.
(2) Fe base alloy powders and B4C powder (subsphaeroidal) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is
120 DEG C, blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Fe base alloy powders is 250-500 μm, the granularity of B4C powder
For 250-500 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) Fe base alloy powders and B4C powder are respectively put into two powder feeders, make sending equipped with Fe base alloy powders
Powder device connects coaxial powder-feeding mouth, and the powder feeder equipped with B4C powder connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 70 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 20mm), lateral powder-feeding mouth is sent to B4C powder opposite with laser scanning direction
At the middle part in side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd, while Fe base alloy powders are sent into by molten bath center by coaxial powder-feeding mouth,
Laser melting coating is carried out using laser, B4C-Fe based alloy composite coatings are obtained.Wherein laser melting coating when from carbon dioxide swash
Light device, its power is 5kW, sweep speed 600mmmin-1, defocusing amount 30mm, Fe based alloy delivering powder powder amount 3r/min, carrier gas
Flow 1Lmin-1, B4C powder powder sending quantity 5r/min, carrier gas flux 5Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 0.3MPa is protected, wherein protecting
Gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
There is the largely B4C particles of unfused decomposition in B4C-Fe based alloy composite coatings prepared by embodiment 7 and uniform
It is distributed among whole coating, with matrix phase ratio, microhardness is significantly improved, and maximum hardness is up to 1372HV0.2.B4C-Fe bases
Alloy Composite Coating, which has, excellent wear-resisting undermines decay resistance.
Embodiment 8：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares SiC-Al based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from ZL 102 alloy as matrix material, matrix size is 40mm × 30mm × 20mm, using preceding first with third
Ketone is cleaned, then carries out blasting treatment with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, and sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then is used
Alcohol washes, dry for standby.
(2) Al base alloy powders and SiC powder (spherical) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is
100 DEG C, blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Al base alloy powders is 50-60 μm, and the granularity of SiC powder is
45-65μm。
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) Al base alloy powders and SiC powder are respectively put into two powder feeders, make sending equipped with Al base alloy powders
Powder device connects coaxial powder-feeding mouth, and the powder feeder equipped with SiC powder connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 20 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 2mm), lateral powder-feeding mouth is sent to SiC powder opposite with laser scanning direction
At the middle part in side molten bath to afterbody 2/3rds, while Al base alloy powders are sent into by molten bath center by coaxial powder-feeding mouth,
Laser melting coating is carried out using laser, SiC-Al based alloy composite coatings are obtained.Wherein laser melting coating when from carbon dioxide swash
Light device, its power is 8kW, sweep speed 100mmmin-1, defocusing amount 15mm, Al base alloy powder powder sending quantity 10r/min, load
Throughput 10Lmin-1, SiC powder powder sending quantity 10r/min, carrier gas flux 10Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 1MPa is protected, wherein protecting
It is argon gas to protect gas and carrier gas.
Compared with traditional prefabricated coating and coaxial powder-feeding method, embodiment 8 is prepared using asynchronous powder-feeding method laser melting coating
SiC-Al based alloy composite coatings in there is the SiC particulate of a large amount of unfused decomposition and be evenly distributed among whole coating,
The hardness of SiC-Al based alloy composite coatings is in 220-280HV0.2Between, significantly improve the anti-wear performance of ZL 102 alloy.
Embodiment 9：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares SiC Reinforced Cu based alloy composite coatings：
(1) from 6061 aluminium alloys as matrix material, matrix size is 70mm × 70mm × 10mm, using preceding first with third
Ketone is cleaned, then carries out blasting treatment with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, and sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then is used
Alcohol washes, dry for standby.
(2) Cu base alloy powders and SiC powder (spherical) are placed in blast drier and carry out drying and processing, temperature is 80
DEG C, blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Cu base alloy powders is 50 μm, and the granularity of SiC powder is 20-45 μ
m。
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) Cu base alloy powders and SiC powder are respectively put into two powder feeders, make sending equipped with Cu base alloy powders
Powder device connects coaxial powder-feeding mouth, and the powder feeder equipped with SiC powder connects lateral powder-feeding mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 65 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 18mm), lateral powder-feeding mouth is sent to SiC powder opposite with laser scanning direction
At the middle part in side molten bath to afterbody 1/2nd, while Cu base alloy powders are sent into by molten bath center by coaxial powder-feeding mouth,
Laser melting coating is carried out using laser, SiC Reinforced Cu based alloy composite coatings are obtained.Wherein laser melting coating when select carbon dioxide
Laser, its power is 10kW, sweep speed 300mmmin-1, defocusing amount 5mm, Cu base alloy powder powder sending quantity 5r/min, load
Throughput 5Lmin-1, SiC powder powder sending quantity 7r/min, carrier gas flux 1Lmin-1, atmospheric pressure 0.5MPa is protected, wherein protecting
It is argon gas to protect gas and carrier gas.
Embodiment 10：
Asynchronous powder-feeding method prepares ceramic particle enhancing Ti-Al dual alloy billet composite coatings：
(1) from TC4 alloys as matrix material, matrix size is 70mm × 70mm × 10mm, and acetone is first used using preceding
Cleaning, then blasting treatment is carried out with the Brown Alundum of 100 mesh, sandblasting angle is 90 degree (vertical sandblasting), after sandblasting is finished, then uses wine
Seminal plasma is washed, dry for standby.
(2) by Ti-Al powder and TiN, TiB2, TiC mixed-powder (other irregular contours) be placed in blast drier
Middle carry out drying and processing, temperature is 80 DEG C, and blower fan is opened, and the time is 120 minutes.Wherein the granularity of Ti-Al powder is 70-80 μ
M, TiN, TiB2, TiC mixed-powder particle mean size be 50 μm.
(3) lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction (referring to Fig. 1).
(4) by Ti-Al powder and TiN, TiB2, TiC mixed-powder be respectively put into two powder feeders, make be equipped with Ti-
The powder feeder connection coaxial powder-feeding mouth of Al powder, equipped with TiN, TiB2, TiC the powder feeder of mixed-powder connect lateral powder feeding
Mouth.
(5) by adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, (the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 30 °, lateral powder feeding
Height of the meal outlet of mouth apart from molten bath is 6mm), make lateral powder-feeding mouth by TiN, TiB2, TiC mixed-powder be sent to and swash
At middle part to the afterbody 1/3rd in optical scanning side molten bath in opposite direction, while Ti-Al powder is sent by coaxial powder-feeding mouth
Enter molten bath center, carry out laser melting coating using laser, obtain B4C-Fe based alloy composite coatings.Wherein laser melting coating when select
Carbon dioxide laser, its power is 2kW, sweep speed 350mmmin-1, defocusing amount 25mm, Ti-Al powder powder sending quantity 7r/
Min, carrier gas flux 8Lmin-1, TiN, TiB2, TiC mixed-powder powder sending quantity 9r/min, carrier gas flux 8Lmin-1, protection
Atmospheric pressure 0.8MPa, wherein protection gas and carrier gas are argon gas.
The step of embodiment 11-15 and parameter are same as Example 1, its specifically used matrix, ceramic particle enhancing, conjunction
Bronze end or metal-ceramic composite powder end are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Embodiment | Matrix | Ceramic particle strengthens | Alloy powder or metal-ceramic composite powder end |
| Embodiment 11 | TC4 | Y2O3 | Ni-TiC |
| Embodiment 12 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | TiC | FeAl intermetallic compounds |
| Embodiment 13 | Q235 | TiC-VC | Fe bases |
| Embodiment 14 | TC4 | TiC-TiB2 | Ni bases |
| Embodiment 15 | A3 steel | Cr3C2-CrB | Ni bases |
Above-described embodiment is schematical, not constitutes limiting the scope of the invention.The research of art
Personnel are prepared in the present invention on the basis of metal micro-nanostructure scheme, be not required to the various modifications paying creative work and make or
Deformation is still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of carry out the method that laser melting coating prepares ceramic particle reinforced metal base composite coating using asynchronous powder-feeding method, it is special
Levy and be, comprise the following steps：
Step one：Lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed on coaxial powder-feeding mouth over-assemble into asynchronous powder-feeding mouth, wherein lateral powder-feeding mouth is fixed
In the side opposite with laser scanning direction；
Step 2：By alloy powder or metal-ceramic composite powder end feeding coaxial powder-feeding mouth, ceramic particle reinforced phase is sent into side
To powder-feeding mouth；Wherein, alloy powder is iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper-based, titanium-based, magnesium-based, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base
Alloy powder, the particle diameter of alloy powder is 0.1~500 micron；Ceramic particle reinforced phase is ceramic powders or contains metal dust
Ceramet composite powder；
Step 3：By adjusting the angles and positions of lateral powder-feeding mouth, lateral powder-feeding mouth is set to be sent to ceramic particle reinforced phase
Middle part with laser scanning direction opposite side molten bath is to the position between afterbody, while by coaxial powder-feeding mouth by alloy powder
Or metal-ceramic composite powder end feeding molten bath center, laser melting coating is carried out using laser, ceramic particle reinforced metal base is obtained
Composite coating.
2. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that contained metal dust is iron-based, cobalt in the metal-ceramic composite powder end in the step 2
It is contained in base, Ni-based, copper-based, titanium-based, magnesium-based, the alloy powder of aluminium base or intermetallic compound base, metal-ceramic composite powder end
Ceramic particle be carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particle in one kind or arbitrary proportion mixture；Gold
The particle diameter for belonging to ceramic particle contained in ceramic composite powder is 0.1~500 micron, and mass fraction is 0.1~70%；Metal is made pottery
The particle diameter of contained metal dust is 0.1~500 micron in porcelain composite powder, and mass fraction is 30~99.9%.
3. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that described ceramic powders are the mixed of single ceramic material or two or more ceramic materials
Contained ceramic powders are the mixed of single ceramic material or two or more ceramic materials in compound, ceramet composite powder
Compound.
4. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that described ceramic powders is in carbide, nitride, boride and ceramic oxide particles
One kind or arbitrary proportion mixture；The particle diameter of ceramic powders is 0.1~500 micron.
5. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that in described ceramet composite powder contained ceramic powders be carbide, nitride,
Contained metal in the mixture of one kind or arbitrary proportion in boride and ceramic oxide particle, ceramet composite powder
Powder is the alloy powder of iron-based, cobalt-based, Ni-based, copper-based, titanium-based, magnesium-based, aluminium base or intermetallic compound base；Ceramet is answered
The particle diameter for closing ceramic powders contained in powder is 0.1~500 micron, and mass fraction is 70~99.9%；Ceramet is combined
The particle diameter of contained metal dust is 0.1~500 micron in powder, and mass fraction is 0.1~30%.
6. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that ceramic particle reinforced phase in the step 2 is shaped as spherical, subsphaeroidal, polygonal
Or other irregular contours.
7. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that the powder feeding angle of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 20~70 ° in the step 3, lateral powder-feeding mouth
Height of the meal outlet apart from molten bath is 2~20mm.
8. it is according to claim 1 using asynchronous powder-feeding method carry out laser melting coating prepare ceramic particle reinforced metal base be combined
The method of coating, it is characterised in that the laser used in the step 3 during laser melting coating is carbon dioxide laser, its work(
Rate is 100W~10kW, and sweep speed is 50~600mm/min, and defocusing amount is 0~30mm, and the powder sending quantity of coaxial powder-feeding mouth is 2
~10r/min, carrier gas flux is 1~10L/min, and the powder sending quantity of lateral powder-feeding mouth is 2~10r/min, carrier gas flux is 1~
10L/min, protects 0.01~1MPa of atmospheric pressure, protection gas and carrier gas are inert gas.
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Effective date of registration: 20191223 Address after: 710049 Fengwu Road, Qingyi District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee after: Xi'an hefangchang laser Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd Address before: 710049 Xianning West Road, Shaanxi, China, No. 28, No. Patentee before: Xi'an Jiaotong University |