CN105001010B - A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105001010B
CN105001010B CN201510498024.9A CN201510498024A CN105001010B CN 105001010 B CN105001010 B CN 105001010B CN 201510498024 A CN201510498024 A CN 201510498024A CN 105001010 B CN105001010 B CN 105001010B
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flue
organic fertilizer
cured tobacco
biological organic
vinasse
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CN105001010A (en
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谢云波
罗定棋
夏建华
张永辉
谢强
赵锦超
徐传涛
赵强
彭勇
王浮波
周林
王毅
罗定林
王飞
刘强
刘蔺江
梅蔺
蔡燕飞
罗庆
王李芳
曹勇
徐德猛
梅桂勇
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Association Cooperative Of Gulin County Lanxiang Flue-Cured Tobacco Specialized Cooperative
Sichuan Province Tobacco Cos Luzhou Co (luzhou Tobacco Companies)
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Association Cooperative Of Gulin County Lanxiang Flue-Cured Tobacco Specialized Cooperative
Sichuan Province Tobacco Cos Luzhou Co (luzhou Tobacco Companies)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:Vinasse 42~84, penthorum chinense pursh stalk 1~4, wormcast 1~45, wood chip 0.1~0.7, quick lime 0.5~2, microbial fermentation inoculum 1~10.Preparation method comprises the following steps:S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula;S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, add microbial fermentation inoculum and be well mixed, obtain mixed fermentation material;S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into the d of fermentation 25~31 at 50~65 DEG C, obtains clinker;S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 50~80 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.The invention has the advantages that:Fertilizer nutrient composition can be made slowly to discharge, the absorption rate of utilization rate of fertilizer and tobacco to trace element is improved, increase yield of tobacco, improve quality of tobacco, tobacco is improved and resist creeping stem disease ability.

Description

A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological organic fertilizer, more particularly to a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nicotiana tubular flower mesh, Solanaceae is annual or limited herbaceos perennial, base portion slightly lignifying.Inflorescence basidixed, It is coniform, spend more;Capsule ovate or square round shape, length are approximately equal to persistent calyx.Summer and autumn yields positive results.Be distributed mainly on South America, China.Annual or limited perennial herb, entirety is by glandular hairs;Root is sturdy.High 0.7~the 2m of stem, base portion slightly lignifying.Leaf square is justified Shape lanceolar, lanceolar, square are circular or avette, and top is tapering, and base portion is gradually narrow to stem into ear and half armful of stem, long by 10~30 (~ 70) cm, wide by 8~15 (~30) cm, handle is substantially or into aliform handle.Inflorescence basidixed, it is coniform, spend more;5~20mm of bennet length. Calyx tubular or tubular are bell, long 20~25mm, sliver triangular shape lanceolar, varying length;Corolla funnel-form, pale red, cylinder Portion's color is lighter, slightly bow, long 3.5~5cm, the wide 1~1.5cm of eaves portion, the anxious point of sliver;It is 1 piece significantly short compared with remaining 4 pieces in stamen, Corolla throat, filigree base portion hairiness are not stretched out.Seed is circular or width square is circular, footpath about 0.5mm, brown.Summer and autumn yields positive results.
China's tobacco planting area and yield occupy first place in the world, and flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer requirement is huge.Biological organic Fertilizer refer to microorganisms with specific functions with it is main with plant and animal residues (such as feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw) for source and through harmless The class that change processing, the organic materials become thoroughly decomposed are composited has the fertilizer of microbial manure and organic fertilizer effect concurrently.Flue-cured tobacco is to fertilizer Material is extremely sensitive, and fertilization type, dose and proportioning etc. all have a great impact to yield of tobacco and quality.Current China tobacco leaf It is relevant with fertilizer application imbalance in widely different degree between quality and sound tobacco producing country in the world.Current China cigarette Inorganic fertilizer is still largely applied during grass planting, such as Special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate cause plant smoke hallway to have Machine matter content is low, and tobacco root is undeveloped, and blade is thin, and cured tobacco leaf color and luster is light, flavor and taste is more flat etc..If applied for a long time With inorganic fertilizer soil hardening, the salinization of soil will be caused to aggravate, yield of tobacco and quality are reduced, while also bringing face source dirty Dye problem.Because organic fertilizer is rich in the nutriment needed for organic substance and plant growth, plant growth institute can not only be provided Nutrient is needed, improved soil can also improve crop quality, improve crop yield, promote high crop yield stable yields, keep soil fertilizer Power, while utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved, reduces production cost.
Vinasse are remaining residues after the wine brewing such as rice, wheat, sorghum.Sauce incense liquor vinasse are high temperature distillation, hot fermentation etc. The leftover bits and pieces of special process production, natural amount of cure is high, consumes energy small, processing cost is low.Sauce incense liquor grain acidity is big, and moisture contains Amount more than 65%, biodegradability is strong, easily corrupt, inconvenience storage, can severe contamination environment if handling not in time.On the other hand, Containing abundant nutritional ingredient in vinasse, and contain substantial amounts of residual fat, albumen, fiber, vitamin, trace element and nitrogen-free Extract etc..It can produce feed and fertilizer, cultivate edible mushroom, extract protein, production amylase and cellulase, extract multiple Amino acid and trace element etc. are closed, wherein it is the thorough best method for solving vinasse to produce feed and agricultural fertilizer using vinasse, not only Economic benefits, and social benefit is also beyond measure.Luzhou is as the brewed spirit base of largest domestic, and its by-product samples wine Poor quantity is very big.According to statistics, Luzhou produces spirit stillage per year up to 200,000 tons, and amount is big and concentrates, and such as handles, corrupt will become not in time Matter, not only waste of resource can also severe contamination environment.The economic value for producing high added value fertilizer using vinasse is considerable, Therefore Comprehensive using vinasse, prevent from polluting, avoid wasting, turn waste into wealth it is imperative.
Penthorum chinense pursh is Gulin County authentic medicinal herbs, is distributed in height above sea level 1000m or so Wumeng Shan Mountain foot of a hill or mountain virgin forest.Its growth, Whether survive has strict demand to soil, sunshine, temperature, rainfall conditions.Penthorum chinense pursh is first recorded in the Ming Dynasty《Herbal for Relief of Famines》, tool The effect of having clearing heat and detoxicating, removing jaundice dampness elimination, promoting blood circulation scattered silt, inducing diuresis for removing edema.Using penthorum chinense pursh as Chinese medicine extract medicine effectively into After point, the stalk quantity of residual is very big.Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of penthorum chinense pursh stalk has important to development of resources and environmental protection Meaning.
Wormcast be after the various organic wastes of nature are fermented, earthworm digestive system protease, lipase, It is rapid to decompose in the presence of cellulase and amylase, transform into itself or be easy to the nutriment that other biological is utilized, through row The fertilizer formed after letting out.Wormcast at any concentration, even very enervated seed either bed plant all without because Excessively burnt.After testing, under normal circumstances containing at least two plants antagonistic microbes (styreptomyces globispotus strain and fourths in wormcast Fragrant glycosides streptomycete), there is certain control action to soil-borne fungus plant disease.
Application No. CN201010563134.6 Chinese patent application discloses a kind of compound fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco, by by matter Measure the organic substance 31.34~32.40% of percentage composition meter, inorganic fertilizer 64.46~65.34%, trace element 2.93~ 3.88% composition, organic substance is made up of chicken manure, pig manure, four kinds of farm manures of cow dung and oil cake, at fermentation, drying and crushing Reason is formed, the regulation of fertilizer requirement that the invention is showed according to cigarette in flue-cured tobacco cultivars 103 in Luzhou cigarette district, works out the suitable flue-cured tobacco product The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco planted.After this composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is manured into soil, can beneficial microbe in acute activation soil, Rapid breeding is allowed to, makes flue-cured tobacco is nonabsorbable to be changed into absorbable nutriment, and fertilizer efficiency is persistently, while playing raising soil The effect of ground temperature, improved soil and tobacco leaf increasing both production and income.But the composition and nutrient of the invention organic fertilizer formula are fairly simple, only It is that several organic matters (chicken manure, pig manure etc.) are subjected to simple mixture, therefore plant growth needs can not be met, and to soil fertility Recover, structural improvement influences smaller.
Application No. CN201310490400.0 Chinese patent application is disclosed one kind and produced using waste and old tobacco rod, vinasse The method of organic fertilizer, what is produced when producing flue-cured tobacco using the leftover bits produced in production process of flue-cured tobacco and/or tobacco grower is low Level flue-cured tobacco is ground into granularity < 2mm, with freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement with 7 as organic fertilizer raw material:3 mass ratio mixing, passes through mechanical agitation 10 are pressed with microbial fermentation inoculum:1 mass ratio is sufficiently mixed uniformly, and fermentation is banked up at normal temperatures, and temperature of charge rises to 70 DEG C Turning, so repeatedly, after 15~25d, water content < 25%, the fermentation materials become thoroughly decomposed obtain powdery or granular by finishing Refined organic fertilizer material.But the invention is to tobacco planting DeGrain.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided one kind to make full use of vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh straw Novel bio-organic fertilizer is made in stalk;
Another mesh of the present invention is the preparation method for providing such a novel bio-organic fertilizer.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that it is by following weight The raw material composition of part:
The vinasse are the mixing of one or both of Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse or aromatic Chinese spirit vinasse, micro- life Thing fermenting agent be one or both of decomposing microbial inoculum or bacillus pumilus mixing, the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer support Divide weight/mass percentage composition as follows:Organic matter is that 50.0~80.0%, nitrogen is that 1.0~4.0%, phosphorus is that 0.1~0.7%, potassium is 0.5 ~2.0%.
The preparation method of described a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, microbial fermentation inoculum mixing is added Uniformly, mixed fermentation material is obtained;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into 25~31d of fermentation at 50~65 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 50~80 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
The present invention is a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, and Distillers' grains, wormcast, penthorum chinense pursh stalk are pressed into one Bio-organic fertilizer product is made in certainty ratio mixture, it is possible to resolve the environmental pollution problem such as industrial Distillers' grains and wastes straw, simultaneously Play a part of improved soil and tobacco leaf increasing both production and income.On the basis of traditional organic fertilizer formula, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, earthworm are added Earthworm excrement, wood chip, quick lime and a variety of microbial inoculums etc., embody the characteristics of organic fertilizer formula substance classes are more, nutrient is abundant.This hair Bright purpose be to solve the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided it is a kind of can make full use of that vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk are made it is new Bio-organic fertilizer, plays nutrient needed for fair supply plant growth, while the effect improved to soil texture, so as to carry High utilization rate of fertilizer, the enhancing arable potentiality of soil.The flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer can improve soil physical property, make soil conservation Soft, farming easily, facilitates soil granular structure, increases soil aperture, promotes flue-cured tobacco root growth.Increase soil water-retaining, protect Fertile ability, reduces fertilizer elution loss, and the service efficiency for also greatly improving chemical fertilizer mixed with inorganic fertilizer is cost-effective.Due to Its product contains a large amount of beneficial microbes and metabolin, absorption rate of the flue-cured tobacco to fertilizer is improved, to tobacco itself and soil The poisonous and harmful microorganism such as the harmful substance of medium-term and long-term accumulation and fungi, bacterium, virus is degraded and killed, in passivation soil Heavy metal etc., make its innoxious, suppress and reduce the generation of the diseases such as flue-cured tobacco root knot nematode disease, balck shank, bacterial wilt.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) present invention makes full use of the architectural characteristic of vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk and wormcast, with the organic knot of a variety of microbial inoculums Close, form a kind of special crumb structure material, its organic and inorganic nutrients can be made slowly to be discharged in soil, fertilizer is reached The effect of sustained release, therefore soil texture can be improved, improve utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility.The flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer enters to bury Soil object ion such as K is strengthened after earth+Exchange capacity, improve crop trace element is absorbed, add tobacco leaf Yield, improves quality of tobacco, improves tobacco and resists creeping stem disease ability, with preferable economic benefit, social benefit.
(2) present invention can make full use of vinasse resource, prevent from polluting, avoid wasting, turn waste into wealth, therefore, it is possible to white wine The vinasse that production industry is produced are handled and utilized in large quantity.Not only offset except environmental pollution has positive effect, simultaneously Considerable economic benefit can be brought for liquor-making enterprises.
(3) present invention is suitably promoted as the supporting project of liquor-making enterprises.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following institute State.
Embodiment 1:
(1) a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
The nutritional quality percentage composition of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer is as follows:Organic matter is that 60.0%, nitrogen is that 3.0%, phosphorus is 0.3%th, potassium is 1.5%.
(2) preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, add decomposing microbial inoculum and be well mixed, obtain To mixed fermentation material;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into fermentation 25d at 50 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 50 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 2:
(1) a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
The nutritional quality percentage composition of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer is as follows:Organic matter is that 70.0%, nitrogen is that 2.0%, phosphorus is 0.1%th, potassium is 2.0%.
(2) preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, decomposing microbial inoculum and short and small gemma are added Bacillus is well mixed, and obtains mixed fermentation material;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into fermentation 27d at 55 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 60 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 3:
(1) a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
The nutritional quality percentage composition of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer is as follows:Organic matter is that 50.0%, nitrogen is that 1.0%, phosphorus is 0.5%th, potassium is 1.0%.
(2) preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, bacillus pumilus mixing is added equal It is even, obtain mixed fermentation material;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into fermentation 29d at 60 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 70 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 4:
(1) a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
(2) preparation method of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, decomposing microbial inoculum and short and small gemma are added Bacillus is well mixed, and obtains mixed fermentation material;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into fermentation 31d at 65 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 80 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
The nutritional quality percentage composition of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer is as follows:Organic matter is that 80.0%, nitrogen is 4.0%, phosphorus It is 0.5% for 0.7%, potassium.
Embodiment 5:
(1) a kind of common fertilizer, it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
(2) preparation method of the common fertilizer comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. by urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulphate, add Suitable quantity of water stirs, and heats 20min, obtains mixed solution;
S3. organic matter, soil conditioner, EM bacteria agent are poured into above-mentioned mixed solution, under normal temperature condition, ferment 30d, Obtain fermentation materials;
S4. fermentation materials are dried, is sent in pulverizer and crushes.
S5. the material after crushing is granulated, obtains granulated fertilizer.
The organic matter is straw, animal wastes, and the ratio of the straw and animal wastes is 2:1, it is described Soil conditioner is humic acid in peat;The viable count difference >=10 of the EM bacterium9CFU/g, the nutritional quality of the common fertilizer Percentage composition is as follows:Organic matter is that 41.2%, nitrogen is that 3.0%, phosphorus is that 0.5%, potassium is 1.0%.
Below by way of description of test beneficial effects of the present invention:
Tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical composition in the middle part of flue-cured tobacco, a situation arises for pest and disease damage, tobacco leaf economic characters are determined
(1) measure object:Processing 1~5 middle part tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical composition, a situation arises for pest and disease damage, tobacco leaf economy Shape;
(2) assay method:Experimental field select in Gulin County Jian Zhu science and technology demonstrations area, 5 processing are set, experimental cultivar is Cloud and mist 97.The flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer that every mu increases the preparation of 25kg embodiments 1 on the basis of common fertilizer of processing 1;Processing 2 exists The flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer that every mu increases the preparation of 25kg embodiments 2 on the basis of common fertilizer;Processing 3 is on the basis of common fertilizer Upper every mu increases the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer that 25kg embodiments 3 are prepared;Processing 4 increases 25kg for every mu on the basis of common fertilizer The flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer that embodiment 4 is prepared;The common fertilizer that the preparation of embodiment 5 is applied in processing 5 (does not apply flue-cured tobacco biological organic Fertilizer).Field management and test observation record are carried out, and respectively at 35d, 49d, 63d, 77d and tobacco leaf picking after transplanting Receipts terminate rear soil sampling testing soil physical and chemical index;
(3) measurement result:Experimental result is shown in Table 1, table 2 and table 3.
Table 1 respectively handles middle part tobacco leaf intrinsic chemical comparison of ingredients table (unit:%)
Table 1 illustrates, is shown by chemically examining soil physico-chemical index, compared with common fertilizer, using flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer Soil organic matter content substantially increases afterwards, and soil texture is loose, crumb structure and porosity increase, cured tobacco leaf gloss is bright-coloured, Glossy, chemical composition tends to coordinate, and its sugared alkali ratio, nitrogen base ratio, total nicotine are satisfied by former fuming composition quality evaluation criterion Requirement.
Each processing pest and disease damage a situation arises the statistical form (unit of table 2:%)
Processing Fertilization type Balck shank Bacterial wilt Root knot nematode disease Rust
Processing 1 The organic fertilizer of embodiment 1 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01
Processing 2 The organic fertilizer of embodiment 2 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
Processing 3 The organic fertilizer of embodiment 3 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.05
Processing 4 The organic fertilizer of embodiment 4 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03
Processing 5 The conventional fertilizer of embodiment 5 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.10
Table 2 illustrates, compared with common fertilizer, is significantly reduced using tobacco leaf pest and disease damage after flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
Table 3 respectively handles tobacco leaf economic characters comparison sheet
Table 3 illustrates, compared with common fertilizer, is physically well developed using cigarette strain after flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, grows healthy and vigorous, thickness Thin moderate, upper leaf hacking is good, and maturity period layering falls Huang substantially, and cured tobacco leaf yield and quality are greatly improved.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that it is made up of the raw material of following weight parts:
Vinasse 42~84;
Penthorum chinense pursh stalk 1~4;
Wormcast 1~45;
Wood chip 0.1~0.7;
Quick lime 0.5~2;
Microbial fermentation inoculum 1~10;
The vinasse are the mixing of one or both of Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse or aromatic Chinese spirit vinasse;
The microbial fermentation inoculum is the mixing of one or both of decomposing microbial inoculum or bacillus pumilus;
The nutritional quality percentage composition of the flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer is as follows:Organic matter be 50.0~80.0%, nitrogen be 1.0~ 4.0%th, phosphorus is that 0.1~0.7%, potassium is 0.5~2.0%;
Its preparation method comprises the following steps:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, microbial fermentation inoculum mixing is added equal It is even, obtain mixed fermentation material;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into the d of fermentation 25~31 at 50~65 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 50~80 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
2. a kind of preparation method of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that it includes following step Suddenly:
S1. each raw material is weighed by the formula, it is standby;
S2. after mixing vinasse, penthorum chinense pursh stalk, wormcast, wood chip, quick lime, microbial fermentation inoculum mixing is added equal It is even, obtain mixed fermentation material;
S3. mixed fermentation material is banked up into the d of fermentation 25~31 at 50~65 DEG C, obtains clinker;
S4. after clinker is crushed, then use mesh number to be sieved for the sieve of 50~80 mesh, obtain flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer.
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CN107365199B (en) * 2017-08-14 2020-09-11 云南农业大学 Method for preparing special vinasse bio-organic fertilizer for mosaic disease-preventing flue-cured tobacco by using Luzhou vinasse
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