CN104993891A - Multi-carrier signal time delay online calibration system - Google Patents
Multi-carrier signal time delay online calibration system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-carrier time delay signal online calibration system. By using the system, on-line real-time calibration can be provided for signal transmission of a Beidou satellite navigation system and a spaceflight measurement and control system and an influence of off line calibration on precision can be avoided. Precision of distance measurement and positioning is increased. A technical scheme is characterized in that a synchronous signal transmission device divides pulse synchronization signal work into a synchronous signal and a synchronous calibration signal; the synchronous calibration signal is divided into two transmission paths which are switched successively so as to realize automatic calibration of synchronous signal transmission time delay; the synchronous signal and the synchronous calibration signal are transmitted to a receiving end of a signal acquisition device, an uplink multicarrier signal of a tested multi-carrier system and a pulse synchronization signal are converted into a light signal; the light signal is sent to a multicarrier signal separation system through Ethernet transmission and is separated into a single carrier; a time delay measurement system adopts Hilbert transform to carry out solution envelope on a separated single carrier modulation signal; and then on-line measurement is performed on separated single carrier time delay.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement and calibration device of a kind of Radio Measurements field delay parameter, more particularly, the present invention relates to one and be mainly used in Beidou satellite navigation system and Spread Spectrum TT&C field of new generation, for realizing the on-the-spot on-line calibration system of BPSK or QPSK being modulated to multi-carrier signal time delay.
Background technology
Beidou satellite navigation system and Spread Spectrum TT&C system of new generation realize location and observing and controlling by calibrating signal transmission time delay difference.The propagation delay time of signal is mainly divided into ground installation propagation delay time and space propagation time delay.The calibration of ground and space two parts propagation delay time adopts the method for off-line calibration at present, before system comes into operation, utilize all purpose instruments such as vector network analyzer to calibrate signal time delay, the overall delay value that this method obtains is not the actual value of system in working order down and under working environment, can cause larger range finding, position error.The gradual perfection of dipper system and the successive optimization of TT&C system of new generation bring the lifting of range finding, positioning precision, and this just needs high-precision time-delay calibration, and this non real-time time-delay calibration can not meet high-precision time-delay calibration requirements.In addition, during space propagation, time delay calibration accuracy must need to consider ionospheric error effect, the linear top and bottom process that former generation TT&C system and a Big Dipper generation use fails to deduct the impact of this effect, the error that a new generation's Spread Spectrum TT&C system and Beidou II adopt new signal format to be introduced by algorithm correction ionospheric effect, namely do not re-use single-carrier signal, but launch the upward signal of the different carrier frequencies of two-way (double frequency revised law) or three tunnels (three frequency revised laws) simultaneously.But this multi-carrier mode is given the calibration of Time Delay of Systems not only but also is brought a new difficult problem: the propagation delay time 1, needing each carrier signal of calibration separately simultaneously, traditionally, under the method using all purpose instrument with latency measurement function to carry out directly calibration cannot realize multi-carrier mode, the time delay of each single carrier is calibrated, carry out carrying out automatically identifying the function be separated to single carrier wherein to multicarrier waveform because the general instrument possessing latency measurement function does not possess; 2, synchronizing signal distance multi-carrier signal output time delay collection measuring junction is gathered far, this signal as latency measurement reference signal must undistorted transmission to gather measuring junction, the technology of existing general employing cable transmission synchronizing signal can be the rise time deterioration of synchronizing signal, precision is produced to the impact of more than 40%; 3, this multi-carrier signal relates to QPSK modulation, full envelope detected technology is only applicable to the BPSK modulation that phase overturn is 180 ° entirely now, and QPSK phase overturn is divided into 180 ° and 90 ° two kinds, although the envelope of 90 ° of overturn points also has downward spike but is not the minimum point of whole envelope, minimum point is 180 ° of places, if reference synchronization is 90 ° of upsets, minimum point can not be found by full envelope detected and find overturn point.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is proposition and set up a multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system, to solve at present based on the Spread Spectrum TT&C system of multicarrier form and the real-time online calibration of Beidou II system multicarrier time delay, and the field calibration problem of relevant multicarrier spectrum-spread signal in other field can be solved.The task of this invention is daily measurement verification and transmission of quantity value requirements of one's work, is also that system engineering measures the important leverage of problem to the general character of time delay index test
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system, comprise the signal pickup assembly be placed in center of antenna body, synchronous transmission of signal device, multi-carrier signal piece-rate system in a computer and latency measurement system are set, it is characterized in that, the pulse synchronous signal that synchronous transmission of signal device utilizes base band pps pulse per second signal to gather as multi-carrier signal, pulse synchronous signal merit is divided into synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal, and synchronous calibration signal is divided into two transmission paths successively switched, to realize the automatic calibration of synchronous transmission of signal time delay, synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal are transferred to signal pickup assembly receiving terminal, signal pickup assembly utilizes photo-electric conversion element by the uplink multi-carrier signal of tested multicarrier system, pulse synchronous signal converts light signal to, transfer to above-mentioned receiving terminal with optical fiber and convert back into electric signals to again, back into electric signals is delivered to multi-carrier signal piece-rate system by Ethernet transmission and is carried out Signal separator, described back into electric signals is separated into single carrier, latency measurement system carries out on-line measurement to the single carrier time delay be separated, the single-carrier modulated signal adopting Hilbert transform pairs to be separated carries out solution envelope, the time window estimated is utilized to determine one section of effective envelope only comprising synchronizing signal edge phase overturn point, using the envelope amplitude minimum point searched out as carrier phase overturn point, arrange Measuring Time window to lock the carrier signal overturn point corresponding to synchronizing signal, using the default value that acquisition holding time window upper lower limit value is arranged as follow-up on-line measurement time window, complete the automatic calibration of each single-carrier signal propagation delay time.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared to prior art:
1) online real time calibration can be provided for the Signal transmissions of Beidou satellite navigation system and spaceflight TT&C system, promote the precision of range finding, location.The synchronizing signal that the present invention utilizes base band pps pulse per second signal to gather as multi-carrier signal, Interface design compliant applications field, and the embedding of synchronous transmission of signal receiver module is designed in harvester, volume is little to be easy to carry about with one, under system worked well state, the real-time online calibration of completion system time delay, significantly promotes time-delay calibration precision compared to current off-line calibration method.
2) undistorted transmission of pulse synchronous signal and the automatic calibration of propagation delay time can be realized.Synchronizing signal is converted to light signal by photo-electric conversion element by the present invention, by Optical Fiber Transmission, signal pickup assembly receiving terminal converted back into electric signals again, reduce long range propagation distortion, the rise time that elimination synchronous transmission of signal brings worsens time-delay calibration Accuracy, synchronizing signal merit is divided into synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal by synchronous transmission of signal device simultaneously, synchronous calibration signal has the transmission path of two, the length of one transmission paths is the multiple of another transmission paths, by successively switching transmission path, and measure synchronous calibration signal and synchronizing signal difference, complete the automatic calibration of synchronous transmission of signal time delay.
3) multicarrier latency measurement is accurate.The present invention proposes can not produce nonlinear phase distortion and be separated time delay and fix computable multi-carrier signal separation method, multicarrier is separated into single carrier, single carrier time delay is measured respectively, solves the problem that current all purpose instrument cannot be calibrated the time delay of each single carrier under multicarrier form.
4) qpsk modulation signal latency measurement is reliable.The present invention proposes " time window+envelope detected " method, the time window estimated is utilized to determine one section of effective envelope only comprising the phase overturn point being synchronized with synchronizing signal edge, the amplitude minimum point searched out in this section of envelope be namely phase overturn point, when successfully solving for QPSK modulation 90 degree of upsets, full envelope detected technology cannot be utilized to find a difficult problem for minimum point determination phase overturn point.
The present invention adopts FIR band-pass filtering and " time window+solution envelope " phase-shift keying modulating signal latency measurement technology, solves a difficult problem for Time Delay of Systems real time calibration under the multi-carrier mode of Spread Spectrum TT&C system of new generation and Beidou II.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, this method is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 multicarrier delay time signal of the present invention on-line calibration system composition schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment schematic diagram of Fig. 1 to signal pickup assembly.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment schematic diagram of Fig. 1 to synchronous transmission of signal device.
Fig. 4 is the embodiment schematic diagram of Fig. 1 to multi-carrier signal piece-rate system.
Fig. 5 is the embodiment schematic diagram of Fig. 1 to latency measurement system.
Embodiment
Consult Fig. 1.In a most preferred embodiment described below, multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system comprises, be placed in the signal pickup assembly in center of antenna body, synchronous transmission of signal device, multi-carrier signal piece-rate system in a computer and latency measurement system are set, tested multicarrier system multi-carrier signal directly exports to harvester input by the coupling of antenna feed front end, by the pulse synchronous signal from base band by the synchronous transmission of signal device based on optical fiber transmission technique.Pulse synchronous signal merit from base band is divided into synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal by synchronous transmission of signal device, or the pulse synchronous signal merit from above-mentioned base band is divided into two paths of signals, one tunnel is synchronizing signal, one tunnel is synchronous calibration signal, and synchronous calibration signal is divided into two transmission paths successively switched, two paths of signals through the synchronous transmission of signal device long-distance transmissions based on optical fiber transmission technique to harvester input; Multi-carrier signal, pulse synchronous signal are carried out low distortion Collect conversion and become digital signal by signal pickup assembly, wherein the digital signal of multi-carrier signal is delivered to multi-carrier signal piece-rate system carried out Signal separator by Ethernet transmission, and multiple carrier digital signal is separated into single carrier.Latency measurement system carries out on-line measurement to the single carrier time delay be separated.The FIR filtering technique that multiple carrier digital signal is separated based on the phase distortion of wireless property realizes.Multicarrier delay time signal comprises binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation signal and quaternary phase shift keyed signal qpsk modulation signal; Latency measurement Time Delay of Systems is measured and is realized binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation signal and quaternary phase shift keyed signal qpsk modulation signal latency measurement based on " time window+solution envelope " technology.Latency measurement system adopts " time window+solution envelope detection method " to carry out online delay-measurement to binary phase-shift phase keying BPSK single-carrier modulated signal and quaternary phase shift keying QPSK single-carrier modulated signal, adopts Hilbert transform to carry out solution envelope to the single-carrier modulated signal be separated.Concrete technology is embodied as, and latency measurement system utilizes phase-shift keying modulating signal envelope to occur downward spike behavior at phase overturn place, carries out solution envelope to carrier signal.When latency measurement system is for QPSK modulation 90 degree of upsets, the time window estimated is utilized to determine one section of effective envelope only comprising the phase overturn point being synchronized with synchronizing signal edge; Amplitude minimum point is found, using the amplitude minimum point searched out in this section of envelope as phase overturn point in this section of envelope.The time in measuring amplitude smallest point distance synchronous signal rising edge centre position.Arrange Measuring Time window, locking corresponds to the carrier signal overturn point of synchronizing signal, obtains the upper lower limit value of holding time window, as the default value that follow-up on-line measurement time window is arranged.Signal pickup assembly, synchronous transmission of signal device and setting multi-carrier signal piece-rate system in a computer and the control signal of latency measurement system, transmitted by Ethernet; For miniaturization, the portability of implement device, signal pickup assembly and synchronous transmission of signal device pass through hardware implementing, multi-carrier signal piece-rate system and latency measurement system complete the automatic calibration of single-carrier signal propagation delay time, on a computer platform with VB software simulating.
In the embodiment that Fig. 2 describes, signal pickup assembly comprises broadband frequency-variable module, 3 independent high speed acquisition passages and corresponding 3 of connecting independently memory, its middle width strip frequency conversion is connected successively with high speed acquisition passage 1 and memory 1, high speed acquisition passage 2 and memory 2 are connected successively, high speed acquisition passage 3 and memory 3 are connected successively, and memory 1, memory 2 and memory 3 are in parallel.Broadband frequency-variable module adopts the lower frequency changer circuit of the straight-through parallel connection of passive frequency conversion, and the time delay value that therefore broadband frequency-variable module is introduced is fixed and can be surveyed.Broadband frequency-variable module takes two kinds of processing modes according to multi-carrier signal frequency range difference: be that multi-carrier signal in 3.5GHz ~ 8GHz is down-converted to 500MHz ~ 3.5GHz to multi-carrier signal frequency range, do not do frequency-conversion processing to the multi-carrier signal of 500MHz ~ 3.5GHz in frequency range, bypass channel is to high speed acquisition passage 1.Broadband frequency-variable module high speed acquisition passage 1, high speed acquisition passage 2 and high speed acquisition passage 3 independently carry out collection to the multi-carrier signal after frequency-conversion processing, synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal and catch and digital-to-analogue conversion, and memory 1, memory 2 and memory 3 independently carry out storage to the digital signal after 3 acquisition channel collections above again and preserve.The impact level noise that the storage of multichannel independent acquisition can avoid multiple chips interval sampling to bring, ensures high sampled signal consistency.
Fig. 3 describe embodiment in, synchronous transmission of signal device comprises optical sender, power splitter and the first control unit in transmitter, and optical receiver in receiving equipment and the second control unit, optical sender is connected power splitter respectively with control unit, transmitter is powered by USB port, wherein, the receiving terminal of receiving equipment is powered with " golden finger " interface shape and is communicated.Synchronizing signal is modulated to light signal from the signal of telecommunication by optical sender, two paths of signals is divided into through power splitter, one tunnel is synchronizing signal, one tunnel is synchronous calibration signal, synchronizing signal is through the optical receiver of Optical Fiber Transmission to receiving equipment, and synchronous calibration signal to receiving equipment, enters into optical receiver by the optical switch of receiving equipment through Optical Fiber Transmission, optical receiver, the optical signal demodulation back into electric signals of synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal, then exports; The second control unit in receiving equipment controls the transmission path that light choice-start selects the synchronous calibration signal from power splitter, for synchronous transmission of signal time delay value self calibration.
Transmitting end equipment time delay is designed to delay1, receiving device time delay is designed to delay3, the time delay of 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# optical fiber introducing is equal is delay2, the time delay that 5# optical fiber is introduced is 2 times of delay2, the time delay that 6# optical fiber is introduced is 2 times of delay3, and synchronous transmission of signal time delay self calibration step is as follows:
1) synchronizing signal from base band is divided into two-way through transmitting end equipment, one tunnel exports synchronizing signal through 1# optical fiber and a road exports synchronous calibration signal through 2# optical fiber, measure synchronous calibration signal and synchronizing signal difference delay I, this value is the time delay difference of acquisition channel.
2) synchronizing signal from base band is divided into two-way through transmitting end equipment, one tunnel exports synchronizing signal through 1# optical fiber and a road exports synchronous calibration signal, through latency measurement systematic survey synchronous calibration signal and synchronizing signal difference delay II through 2#, 6#, 3#, 5# and 4# optical fiber successively.
3) by the time delay difference of computer calculate delay II and delay I, this time delay difference is 2 times of delay1, delay2 and delay3 time delay value summation, to this time delay difference except 2 both synchronously which transmitting device propagation delay time.
Fig. 4 describe embodiment in, multi-carrier signal piece-rate system is separated by carrier wave selects control unit, calculation of filtered time delay elements and FIR bandpass filtering unit to form, wherein, FIR bandpass filtering unit adopts and has good linear phase place and realize being separated of each carrier wave with the limit for length's impulse response digital filter FIR band pass filter of limit for length's unit impulse response that has of unconditional stability; The maximum attenuation of FIR filter employing in passband is relatively minimum and maximum, that transition band data and curves slope maximum THE DESIGN OF WINDOW FUNCTION legal system relative to the minimal attenuation in stopband makes FIR filter.Carrier wave is separated selects control unit to provide the frequency characteristic of single carrier wanting to be separated for FIR bandpass filtering unit, determine frequency and the amplitude index of required filter, according to length of window, calculate bandpass filtering unit filtering, design is for bandpass filtering windowing process window function, by the automatic calculation window length N of software algorithm, from multi-carrier signal, complete the separation of required single carrier, export multi-carrier signal by calculation of filtered time delay elements and be separated the fixed delay introduced.Time delay filtering time delay is that multi-carrier signal is separated the fixed delay introduced.
In the embodiment that Fig. 5 describes, latency measurement Time Delay of Systems is measured and is completed through seven steps successively, and step is as follows: step is as follows: latency measurement system adopts Hilbert transform to carry out solution envelope to the single-carrier modulated signal be separated; With smoothing filter, sharpening and smooth is carried out to envelope; Reject hash, deduction carrier wave is separated the time delay produced; Arrange Measuring Time window, testing time window is in order to locking synchronization is in the envelope amplitude minimum point on synchronizing signal rising edge edge; Searching amplitude minimum point, measures synchronizing signal reference edge along arriving envelope minimum point time delay, and deducts the fixed delay of the factor introducings such as cable, complete latency measurement.
If latency measurement system operating measurement first, need, before formal on-line measurement, specific coding is carried out to tested carrier wave and add tune, such as after the rising edge of synchronizing signal, 7 code elements of baseband signal are all 1, at the synchronous overturn point of this step manual identification, Measuring Time window is manually set, and obtain the upper lower limit value of holding time window, the default value that when formally measuring time delay as follow-up latency measurement system, Measuring Time window is arranged; Find envelope minimum point, this point is carrier phase synchronization overturn point; Measure synchronizing signal reference edge along during to envelope minimum point; The fixed delay that the factors such as deduction cable are introduced, completes latency measurement.
Claims (9)
1. a multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system, comprise the signal pickup assembly be placed in center of antenna body, synchronous transmission of signal device, multi-carrier signal piece-rate system in a computer and latency measurement system are set, it is characterized in that, the pulse synchronous signal that synchronous transmission of signal device utilizes base band pps pulse per second signal to gather as multi-carrier signal, pulse synchronous signal merit is divided into synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal, and synchronous calibration signal is divided into two transmission paths successively switched, to realize the automatic calibration of synchronous transmission of signal time delay, synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal are transferred to signal pickup assembly receiving terminal, signal pickup assembly utilizes photo-electric conversion element by the uplink multi-carrier signal of tested multicarrier system, pulse synchronous signal converts light signal to, transfer to above-mentioned receiving terminal with optical fiber and convert back into electric signals to again, back into electric signals is delivered to multi-carrier signal piece-rate system by Ethernet transmission and is carried out Signal separator, described back into electric signals is separated into single carrier, latency measurement system carries out on-line measurement to the single carrier time delay be separated, the single-carrier modulated signal adopting Hilbert transform pairs to be separated carries out solution envelope, the time window estimated is utilized to determine one section of effective envelope only comprising synchronizing signal edge phase overturn point, using the envelope amplitude minimum point searched out as carrier phase overturn point, arrange Measuring Time window to lock the carrier signal overturn point corresponding to synchronizing signal, using the default value that acquisition holding time window upper lower limit value is arranged as follow-up on-line measurement time window, complete the automatic calibration of each single-carrier signal propagation delay time.
2. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: tested multicarrier system multi-carrier signal directly exports to harvester input by the coupling of antenna feed front end, by the pulse synchronous signal from base band by the synchronous transmission of signal device based on optical fiber transmission technique.
3. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: multicarrier delay time signal comprises binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation signal and quaternary phase shift keyed signal qpsk modulation signal; Latency measurement Time Delay of Systems is measured based on " time window+solution envelope " technology, realizes binary phase shift keying BPSK modulation signal and quaternary phase shift keyed signal qpsk modulation signal latency measurement.
4. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when latency measurement system is for QPSK modulation 90 degree of upsets, utilize the time window estimated to determine one section of effective envelope only comprising the phase overturn point being synchronized with synchronizing signal edge; Amplitude minimum point is found, using the amplitude minimum point searched out in this section of envelope as phase overturn point in this section of envelope.
5. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: signal pickup assembly, synchronous transmission of signal device and the control signal arranging multi-carrier signal piece-rate system in a computer and latency measurement system are transmitted by Ethernet, wherein, signal pickup assembly and synchronous transmission of signal device pass through hardware implementing, multi-carrier signal piece-rate system and latency measurement system complete the automatic calibration of each single-carrier signal propagation delay time, on a computer platform with VB software simulating.
6. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: signal pickup assembly comprises broadband frequency-variable module, 3 independent high speed acquisition passages and corresponding 3 of connecting independently memory, its middle width strip frequency conversion is connected successively with high speed acquisition passage 1 and memory 1, high speed acquisition passage 2 and memory 2 are connected successively, high speed acquisition passage 3 and memory 3 are connected successively, and memory 1, memory 2 and memory 3 are in parallel; Broadband frequency-variable module adopts the lower frequency changer circuit of the straight-through parallel connection of passive frequency conversion.
7. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: broadband frequency-variable module takes two kinds of processing modes according to multi-carrier signal frequency range difference: be that multi-carrier signal in 3.5GHz ~ 8GHz is down-converted to 500MHz ~ 3.5GHz to multi-carrier signal frequency range, do not do frequency-conversion processing to the multi-carrier signal of 500MHz ~ 3.5GHz in frequency range, bypass channel is to high speed acquisition passage 1.
8. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: broadband frequency-variable module high speed acquisition passage 1, high speed acquisition passage 2 and high speed acquisition passage 3 independently carry out collection to the multi-carrier signal after frequency-conversion processing, synchronizing signal and synchronous calibration signal and catch and digital-to-analogue conversion, memory 1, memory 2 and memory 3 independently carry out storage to the digital signal after 3 acquisition channel collections above again and preserve.
9. multicarrier delay time signal on-line calibration system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: multi-carrier signal piece-rate system is separated by carrier wave and selects control unit, calculation of filtered time delay elements and FIR bandpass filtering unit composition, wherein, carrier wave is separated selects control unit to provide the frequency characteristic of single carrier wanting to be separated for FIR bandpass filtering unit, determine frequency and the amplitude index of required filter, according to length of window, calculate bandpass filtering unit filtering, design is for bandpass filtering windowing process window function, by the automatic calculation window length N of software algorithm, the separation of required single carrier is completed from multi-carrier signal, export multi-carrier signal by calculation of filtered time delay elements and be separated the fixed delay introduced.
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