CN104993251A - Integrated cascading optimization method for large-scale planar array antenna pattern - Google Patents
Integrated cascading optimization method for large-scale planar array antenna pattern Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated cascading optimization method for a large-scale planar array antenna pattern, and the method employs a mixed optimization algorithm, which integrates an IFT (iterative Fourier transform) method with a plurality of intelligent optimization algorithms, for the comprehensive design of the planar array antenna pattern. Moreover, the method gives the consideration to impact from mutual coupling factors among antenna units. Aiming at the comprehensive design of a planar array, especially a large-scale planar array antenna (the number of units is greater than 100), the method is high in calculation speed, is high in calculation precision, and is good in universality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Radar Antenna System field, relate to a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization method.
Background technology
The present invention is used for the directional diagram figuration of planar array antenna, particularly has the high advantage of efficiency for large planar array.Planar array antenna integrated approach is development along with the development of Radar Technology, domestic and international at present can be divided into following several method for the Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array based on full array element weighting: analytic method; Traditional mathematics optimization; Artificial intelligent type algorithm; Iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFT).
Analytic method refers to and directly utilizes analytic formula to calculate Antenna measuring table, and the method can calculate the activation profile of required directional diagram fast.The method of current classics has Taylor (Taylor) synthesis, Chebyshev (Chebyshev) synthesis, (the Xue Zhenghui such as Belize (Bayliss) synthesis, Li Weiming, appoint military " analysis of antenna array is with comprehensive " Beijing: BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2011), the feature of these algorithms utilizes analytic formula just can obtain activation profile fast exactly, there is the feature of real-time, but these methods can only carry out comprehensive Design to some simple directional diagrams such as form of a stroke or a combination of strokes Sidelobe directional diagrams, for Pattern Synthesis the method for complexity by helpless.
Traditional mathematics optimization method has the advantages such as flexibility is strong, applicability is wide compared with analytic method.Mathematically, the essence of array antenna optimization design problem solves array radiation patterns property indices (as directivity factor, minor level etc.) about the global minimum of Optimum Excitation weight vectors, array element spatial distribution or max problem.In traditional optimization, the mathematic(al) representation of these Constrained and Unconstrained Optimizations is called target function.Steepest descent method (Robert G Voges, Jerome K Butler.Phaseoptimization of antenna array gain with constrained amplitude excitation [J] .IEEE Transactions onAntennas and Propagation, 1972, 20 (4): 432-436.), linear programming technique (Hu Liangbing, Liu Hongwei, Yang Xiao is superfine. centralized MIMO radar transmitting pattern Fast design method [J]. and electronics and information journal, 2010, 32 (2): 481-484.) etc. traditional Mathematics Optimization Method is applied in Pattern Synthesis problem successively.Target function in array antenna optimal design often has the mathematical characteristic such as non-linear, non-differentiability to design parameters, therefore the Local Optimization Algorithm such as steepest descent method, linear programming technique has very strong dependence when solving this kind of problem to the quality choosing initial value, is easily absorbed in Local Extremum in an iterative process.For more complicated multiple target, extensive variable optimization problem, these methods will there will be do not restrain, the problem such as computational efficiency reduction.
Artificial intelligent type optimized algorithm is typical in genetic algorithm (GA) (Mandal D, Ghoshal S K, Das S, etal.Improvement of radiation pattern for linear antenna array using genetic algorithm [C] .Proc.of theInternational conference on Recent Trends in Information, Telecommunication andComputing, 2010:126-129.), population (PSO) algorithm (Liu Yan, Guo Chenjiang, Ding Jun etc., based on the Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array [J] of particle cluster algorithm. electronic measurement technique, 2007, 30 (6): 43-45.), differential evolution algorithm (DE) (Xie Huanhuan, Yang Baichao. the Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array based on differential evolution algorithm is studied [J]. modern navigation, June the 3rd in 2012 phase: 219-224.) and multiple intelligent optimization algorithm combine algorithm (Zhou Haijin, Liu Qizhong, Li Jianfeng etc. the mixed genetic algorithm optimizing [J] of Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array. microwave journal, October the 24th in 2008 volume supplementary issue: 60-64.), (Liu Ruibin, Yan Zehong, the application of .PSO and GA such as Sun Congwu in Pattern Synthesis of Antenna Array [J]. Xian Electronics Science and Technology University's journal (natural science edition), October the 33rd in 2006 volume the 5th phase: 797-813.) etc. obtain application in Pattern Synthesis field.These artificial intelligent type algorithms solve nonlinear optimal problem to be had simple general-purpose, strong adaptability and can avoid being absorbed in the features such as local optimum.Based on these features, artificial intelligent type algorithm application is solved the problem that other algorithms can't resolve in electromagnetism field, but these algorithm the convergence speed are slow, the exhibition by combination method scale described in document is generally the small-sized plane array antenna that line array or unit number are less than 300.
Keizer utilizes the Fourier transform relation between the excitation of periodic array radiating element with the far-field pattern factor, propose iterative Fourier transform algorithm (Iterative Fourier Technique, be called for short IFT) algorithm (W.P.M.N.Keizer, Low SidelobePattern Synthesis Using Iterative Fourier Techniques Coded in MATLAB [J], IEEE Antennas andPropagation Magazine, Vol.51, No.2, April 2009:137-150).This algorithm can be used for the design of Sidelobe Pattern Synthesis, can also realize complicated secondary lobe structure, and can in the appointed area zero setting of secondary lobe.IFT algorithm is by initial excitation, IFFT algorithm is utilized to obtain the sampled point of directional diagram, after comparing with target direction figure, the sampled point of amendment backlog demand, then utilize that fft algorithm is inverse to be obtained new element excitation and enter circulation next time, reach end loop after preset value when directional diagram and excitation all meet target or cycle-index.Because FFT and IFFT computational efficiency is very high, so IFT can complete the Pattern Synthesis problem of large-scale periodic array antenna efficiently.But the method often can restrain in advance, optimization can not be continued cause not reaching global optimum after iterating to certain number of times.
Iterative Fourier transform algorithm combines with artificial intelligent type algorithm by the present invention, has taken into account iterative Fourier transform algorithm efficiency height and has searched the strong feature of solution ability with artificial intelligent type algorithm, more efficiently can solve the COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING problem of large planar array antenna.
Summary of the invention
For existing technological deficiency, a kind of planar array antenna Pattern Synthesis method that the object of the present invention is to provide versatility good, by being combined with multiple optimized algorithm by IFT, overall efficiency and the computational accuracy of large planar array antenna pattern effectively can be improved.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is realized by following technical method:
The first step: cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in acquisition exhibition by combination method
0, obtain the operating frequency f of exhibition by combination method
0, array scale: M is capable, N row, line space d
y, column pitch d
x, target direction figure F
g.Get array pattern and calculate the K that counts, and K=2
n>max (M, N), n are positive integer;
Second step: utilize IFT to produce m group, m is positive integer, and m>1, array element width phase activation profile E
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m, and the array aerial direction figure F of correspondence
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m;
3rd step: by m group pattern unit width phase activation profile E
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m utilizes differential evolution algorithm to be optimized as initial value, obtains one group of wherein optimum width phase activation profile E
pand corresponding array aerial direction figure F
p;
4th step: by the width phase activation profile E of this optimum
putilize the further iteration optimization of simulated annealing optimization algorithm, obtain final optimum width phase activation profile E
p1with corresponding array aerial direction figure F
p1.
Wherein cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in the first step
0adopt planar near-field test n × n scale array approach to obtain, and n be greater than 9 odd number.Array pattern F in second step, the 3rd step, the 4th step
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m, F
p, F
p1all adopt fast fourier transform algorithm to calculate, and in computational process, count element pattern P
0impact.
The present invention is compared with art methods, and its beneficial effect is:
1. computational efficiency of the present invention is high, and this method utilizes IFT methods and results as the initial value of artificial intelligent type algorithm, not only convergence speedup speed but also avoid being absorbed in locally optimal solution.In the computational process of array pattern, have employed fast Fourier algorithm greatly accelerate and search solution speed, for planar array particularly array scale be greater than the synthtic price index of the large planar array of 1000, its computational efficiency improves greatly.
2. counting accuracy of the present invention is high, and due in combined process, this method considers the impact of inter-element mutual coupling, can simulate planar array pattern characteristics more accurately, further increase computational accuracy.
3. versatility of the present invention is good, and this method does not rely on the array element type of planar array antenna, and the planar array antenna based on any type array element all can adopt this method to carry out comprehensively, and Target Aerial Array directional diagram is not defined as special shape.This method is not only applicable to the arrangement of radiating element rectangular grid, is also applicable to the comprehensive Design of the type arrays such as elementary triangle arrangement, sparse arrangement.This method can not only be applied to the comprehensive Design of array antenna amplitude-phase weighting excitation, can also realize the comprehensive Design of only phase place or only amplitude weighting.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is element pattern schematic diagram in open ended waveguide unit battle array.
Fig. 2 is integrated approach flow chart.
Fig. 3 is iterative Fourier transform algorithm IFT flow chart.
Fig. 4 is differential evolution algorithm flow chart.
Fig. 5 is simulated annealing flow chart.
Fig. 6 is 9 × 9 open ended waveguide partial array illustratons of model in Ansoft HFSS.
Fig. 7 is fan-shaped broad beam graphics.
Fig. 8 is the azimuth plane sectional drawing of fan-shaped broad beam.
Fig. 9 is the pitching face sectional drawing of fan-shaped broad beam.
Figure 10 is the PHASE DISTRIBUTION figure that fan-shaped broad beam directional diagram is corresponding.
Figure 11 is the convergence curve figure of fitness value.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.For the fan-shaped Pattern Synthesis problem of an open ended waveguide planar array antenna, illustrate the combining step of array pattern:
The first step: data encasement: cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in acquisition exhibition by combination method
0, as shown in Figure 1.This routine array scale: M=40 is capable, N=60 arranges, line space d
y=0.56 λ
0, column pitch d
x=0.54 λ
0, λ
0for antenna operating wavelength.Unit presses rectangular grid arrangement.Target direction figure F
gmain lobe be fan-shaped directional diagram, azimuth plane 2 °, 20 °, pitching face, secondary lobe-15dB, main lobe region ripple fluctuating 1dB.Get array pattern in this example and calculate the K=256=2 that counts
8the larger description to directional diagram of value of >64, K is more accurate, but the speed of corresponding calculated direction figure can reduce;
Second step: utilize IFT to produce m=40 group pattern unit width phase activation profile E
i(i=1,2 ... and the array aerial direction figure F of correspondence m),
i(i=1,2 ... m), wherein the detailed process of IFT is as shown in Figure 2;
3rd step: by m group pattern unit width phase activation profile E
i(i=1,2 ... m) utilize differential evolution algorithm to be optimized as initial value, iteration 40 step obtains one group of wherein optimum width phase activation profile E
pand corresponding array aerial direction figure F
p, the idiographic flow of differential evolution algorithm as shown in Figure 3;
4th step: by the width phase activation profile E of this optimum
putilize simulated annealing optimization algorithm further iteration 800 step, obtain final optimum width phase activation profile E
p1with corresponding array aerial direction figure F
p1, the idiographic flow of simulated annealing as shown in Figure 4.
The fitness function of whole optimizing process is Fitness=W × (weight1 × ripple coefficient+weight2 × secondary lobe), W is zoom factor, and weight1 and weight2 is respectively the weight of ripple coefficient and secondary lobe, W=100 in this example, weight1=0.8, weight2=0.2.
Cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in the first step described in the present embodiment
0have employed electromagnetism commercial simulation software simulation calculation 9 × 9 partial array to obtain, its model as shown in Figure 6.The calculating of the array pattern in the second step described in the present embodiment, the 3rd step, the 4th step all have employed fast fourier transform algorithm, has counted element pattern P in battle array in computational process
0impact.Specific implementation can adopt the array factor F of fast fourier transform algorithm computing array antenna
z, then whole array pattern is P
0× F
z.As shown in figs. 7 to 9, Figure 10 then gives the PHASE DISTRIBUTION of corresponding array stimulating to the synthesized pattern of array, and Figure 11 is the convergence curve figure of the fitness value of optimizing process.
Claims (3)
1. a large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization method, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
The first step: data encasement: cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in acquisition exhibition by combination method
0, obtain the operating frequency f of exhibition by combination method
0, array scale: M is capable, N row, line space d
y, column pitch d
x, target direction figure F
g; Get array pattern and calculate the K that counts, and K=2
n>max (M, N), n are positive integer;
Second step: utilize IFT to produce m group, m is positive integer, and m>1, array element width phase activation profile E
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m, and the array aerial direction figure F of correspondence
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m;
3rd step: by m group pattern unit width phase activation profile E
i, wherein i=1,2 ... m utilizes differential evolution algorithm to be optimized as initial value, obtains one group of wherein optimum width phase activation profile E
pand corresponding array aerial direction figure F
p;
4th step: by the width phase activation profile E of this optimum
putilize the further iteration optimization of simulated annealing optimization algorithm, obtain final optimum width phase activation profile E
p1with corresponding array aerial direction figure F
p1.
2. a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: cell orientation diagram data P in battle array in the first step
0adopt planar near-field test n × n scale array approach to obtain, and n be greater than 9 odd number.
3. a kind of large planar array Antenna measuring table cascade optimization method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the calculating of the array aerial direction figure in described method have employed fast fourier transform algorithm, and adopt array factor and element pattern P
0the method computing array antenna pattern of product.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN105223527A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所 | A kind ofly first coil array is utilized to carry out the method for shimming to Hall Bach magnet |
| CN106329153A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 电子科技大学 | Combined optimization method used for synthesis of large-scale heterogeneous four-dimensional antenna array |
| CN106850016A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-13 | 金陵科技学院 | Only phase weighting form-giving array antennas beams optimization method based on MIFT Yu CP hybrid algorithms |
| CN107204524A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-26 | 东南大学 | Artificial electromagnetic surface and its design method based on P B-phase structures |
| CN107256292A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-17 | 西北工业大学 | Dynamic dominates and is evenly distributed directional diagram optimization method preferentially |
| CN107958106A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-24 | 东南大学 | A kind of directional diagram numerical optimization of circle bore planar array antenna |
| CN110069896A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-30 | 重庆邮电大学 | Vortex electromagnetic wave based on sparse 2D linear array generates and optimization method |
| CN110470914A (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-11-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | It is a kind of based on iterative Fourier transform algorithm without phase near field antenna measurements method |
| CN113126087A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-16 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Space-borne interference imaging altimeter antenna |
| CN113268934A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-17 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | Method and system for synthesizing planar array directional diagram based on genetic algorithm of FFT (fast Fourier transform) |
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| CN106329153B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-11-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of combined optimization method comprehensive for large-scale isomery four-dimensional antenna array |
| CN106329153A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 电子科技大学 | Combined optimization method used for synthesis of large-scale heterogeneous four-dimensional antenna array |
| CN106850016A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-06-13 | 金陵科技学院 | Only phase weighting form-giving array antennas beams optimization method based on MIFT Yu CP hybrid algorithms |
| CN106850016B (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-05-19 | 金陵科技学院 | Phase-only weighted array antenna beam forming optimization method based on MIFT and CP mixed algorithm |
| CN107204524A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-09-26 | 东南大学 | Artificial electromagnetic surface and its design method based on P B-phase structures |
| CN107256292B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-04-19 | 西北工业大学 | Dynamic dominates and is evenly distributed directional diagram optimization method preferentially |
| CN107256292A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-17 | 西北工业大学 | Dynamic dominates and is evenly distributed directional diagram optimization method preferentially |
| CN107958106B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-07-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of directional diagram numerical optimization of circle bore planar array antenna |
| CN107958106A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-04-24 | 东南大学 | A kind of directional diagram numerical optimization of circle bore planar array antenna |
| CN110069896A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-30 | 重庆邮电大学 | Vortex electromagnetic wave based on sparse 2D linear array generates and optimization method |
| CN110470914A (en) * | 2019-07-13 | 2019-11-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | It is a kind of based on iterative Fourier transform algorithm without phase near field antenna measurements method |
| CN113126087A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-07-16 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Space-borne interference imaging altimeter antenna |
| CN113268934A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-08-17 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | Method and system for synthesizing planar array directional diagram based on genetic algorithm of FFT (fast Fourier transform) |
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