CN104991197A - Lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery self-discharge test method - Google Patents
Lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery self-discharge test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104991197A CN104991197A CN201510381952.7A CN201510381952A CN104991197A CN 104991197 A CN104991197 A CN 104991197A CN 201510381952 A CN201510381952 A CN 201510381952A CN 104991197 A CN104991197 A CN 104991197A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of a lithium ion battery, and especially relates to a lithium ion battery self-discharge test method, for the purpose of providing a lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery self-discharge test method which is high in accuracy of a self-discharge sorting method, small in shift mixing probability and long in service life of a lithium ion battery pack. The method comprises the following steps: step one, laying a capacity-graded lithium ion battery aside for five minutes, charging the battery by constant currents of 0.05C to 5C, the live-line state of the lithium ion battery is adjusted to 15 to 35%SOC or 50 to 55%SOC or 90 to 100%SOC, and after the charged lithium battery is laid aside by for 24h, voltage of the battery is tested and is recorded as OCV1; step two, storing the tested lithium ion battery at a normal temperature, taking 1 to 15 days as a test period, carrying out open-circuit voltage testing for 1 to 10 times, and respectively recorded the voltages as OCV2, OCV3,..., OCVn; and step three, calculating delta V through calculating a formula delta V =OCVn-OCVn-1, and then sorting the battery for self-discharge by taking 1mV to 5mV as a grade.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, especially a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has that energy density is high, long service life and voltage advantages of higher, be not only on a portable electronic device, as the consumer markets such as mobile phone, portable power source, digital camera and notebook are developed fast, and have also been obtained in emerging markets such as the power category markets such as electric automobile, electric bicycle and electric tool and energy storage class markets and apply widely.
In these emerging market fields, battery is used by original monomer to change in order to connection in series-parallel combinationally uses, and proposes very high requirement to battery with two side terminals.Self discharge is as one of the biggest factor affecting the battery combination inclusion life-span, if self discharge is inconsistent, when serial number is many, between battery inclusion, the SOC state difference mutation in every crosstalk pond is large, occur that the probability of super-charge super-discharge is very large, inclusion is difficult to worry along 100 circulations usually, otherwise the equalizing system of the BMS using price high.
The self discharge of battery refers to when external circuit disconnects, the battery capacity loss caused by inside battery spontaneous reaction, two classes are divided into for this kind of loss of lithium ion battery, one class is the reversible self discharge that inner micro-short circuit causes, this kind of self-discharge rate is smaller under normal circumstances, the another kind of capacitance loss caused for the redox of electrolytic solution on both positive and negative polarity, this part is irreversible loss.But no matter be which kind of self discharge, self discharge speed all can there are differences between battery, causes battery inconsistent, if sorting is bad, power brick body life time can be caused extremely short.
For lithium ion battery, although its self discharge is very little relative to other batteries, but because its application in power and energy storage is all often that a large amount of battery series-parallel connection uses, SOC state consistency between each string is most important to inclusion cycle life, have that any a string battery SOC state is many or few just will there will be serious super-charge super-discharge electrical phenomena, battery will there will be serious potential safety hazard---and " interior short ".This SOC difference will be amplified fast in cyclic process in addition, and the combination of monomers of 2000-3000 circulation originally substantially all can not do 100 circulations together.Self discharge is very big on the impact of power brick, and the different battery strings of self discharge together, can make the SOC state initially adjusted become uneven, make battery there is great problem in life-span and secure context.Therefore, any power brick is all very high to the conforming requirement of self-discharge of battery.Initial SOC state can by discharge and recharge control, and the consistance of self discharge is exactly crucial.So a kind of method effectively selecting self-discharge of battery is just most important in process of production.The conventional conforming method of self discharge of selecting first battery is full of electricity, records its magnitude of voltage, carries out voltage tester record again, using the voltage difference of twice as the foundation selecting self discharge after storing a period of time.This method the conforming result of select self discharge be wrong, instead of the error that some patent is said is large.This kind of patent, as patent CN103008261 A, also has and battery SOC state is adjusted to electric discharge state carries out testing, as: CN 103293481 A.Although the method that these patents propose all refer to the relation of self discharge and △ V, rest on the surface to the understanding of self discharge and △ V, the result obtained can wrong mistake.No matter which SOC battery will be adjusted to, all must carry out discharge and recharge just can reach, namely use the very little a lot of sky of electric current constant current constant voltage, all there is a △ V before and after storing after stopping, this △ V is not only and comprises self discharge, further comprises the corrosion current that a polarization causes, also can be called inner from euqalizing current, the ratio shared by it is very large, therefore, the basis of these patent sortings aforementioned all has problems, and result can not meet needs of production naturally.
Ferrous phosphate lithium battery because of its discharge platform poor, on very long platform, even if capacitance loss 20%-30%, the voltage drop of generation is also very little, judge that its self discharge becomes unreliable by the mode of voltage drop.
For above problem, the present invention proposes and a kind ofly can eliminate the voltage drop that causes from euqalizing current and effectively can characterize the method for testing of ferrous phosphate lithium battery self discharge.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing that high, the mixed shelves probability of a kind of self discharge method for separating accuracy is little and make the lithium ion battery bag life-span long is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing designed by the present invention, the first step, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 0.05C ~ 5C, make the electriferous state of lithium ion battery adjust to 15 ~ 35%SOC or 50 ~ 55%SOC or 90 ~ 100%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step by the lithium ion battery tested in normal temperature storage, and was a testing period with 1 ~ 15 day, carried out the open-circuit voltage test of 1 ~ 10 time, be designated as respectively OCV2, OCV3 ..., OCVn; 3rd step, is by computing formula △ V=OCVn-OCVn-1, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 1mV ~ 5mV.
The preferable range of first step constant-current charge is 0.1C ~ 2C.
It is a testing period that the storage testing period of second step is preferably 4 ~ 10 days.
The preferred testing time of second step open-circuit voltage is 3 ~ 7 times.
As preferably, the positive pole of lithium ion is made up of LiFePO4, and negative pole is made up of graphite.
According to the above, a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing designed by the present invention, the SOC state of ferrous phosphate lithium battery is adjusted to certain limit, change by the component level that negative pole graphite removal lithium embedded produces the voltage drop caused and accurately judge its self discharge, to reach the object of self discharge sorting.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing that the present embodiment describes, the first step, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 2C, the electriferous state of lithium ion battery is made to adjust to 33%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step, then by lithium ion battery at normal temperatures respectively storage 7 days, be a testing period after 14 days, 21 days 28 days and 35 days, carry out 7 times open-circuit voltage test, be designated as OCV2, OCV3, OCV4, OCV5, OCV6, OCV7 respectively; 3rd step, by computing formula △ V=OCV7-OCV6, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 2mV.
Wherein, ferrous phosphate lithium battery packet number is 1#, 2#.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing that the present embodiment describes, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 0.1C, the electriferous state of lithium ion battery is made to adjust to 25%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step, then by lithium ion battery at normal temperatures respectively storage 7 days, be a testing period after 14 days, 21 days 28 days, carry out 4 times open-circuit voltage test, be designated as OCV2, OCV3, OCV4, OCV5 respectively; 3rd step, by computing formula △ V=OCV5-OCV4, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 5mV.
Wherein, ferrous phosphate lithium battery packet number is 1#, 2#.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing that the present embodiment describes, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 0.5C, the electriferous state of lithium ion battery is made to adjust to 55%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step, is then a testing period after 4 days, 8 days, 12 days, 15 days and 20 days in storage respectively at normal temperatures by lithium ion battery, carries out the open-circuit voltage test of 5 times, be designated as OCV2, OCV3, OCV4, OCV5, OCV6 respectively; 3rd step, by computing formula △ V=OCV6-OCV5, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 3mV.
Wherein, ferrous phosphate lithium battery packet number is 1#, 2#.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing that the present embodiment describes, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 1C, the electriferous state of lithium ion battery is made to adjust to 98%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step, is then a testing period after 5 days, 10 days, 15 days in storage respectively at normal temperatures by lithium ion battery, carries out the open-circuit voltage test of 3 times, be designated as OCV2, OCV3, OCV4 respectively; 3rd step, by computing formula △ V=OCV4-OCV3, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 5mV.
Wherein, ferrous phosphate lithium battery packet number is 1#, 2#.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing that the present embodiment describes, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 0.5C, the electriferous state of lithium ion battery is made to adjust to 15%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step, is then a testing period after 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days and 15 days in storage respectively at normal temperatures by lithium ion battery, carries out the open-circuit voltage test of 5 times, be designated as OCV2, OCV3, OCV4, OCV5, OCV6 respectively; 3rd step, by computing formula △ V=OCV6-OCV5, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 2mV.
Wherein, ferrous phosphate lithium battery packet number is 1#, 2#.
Be below according to conditions such as capacity, internal resistance, self discharges, the power brick that SOC is combined into 10 strings adjusted by battery embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 being prepared group, nebula aging cabinet carries out loop test, the capacity of record circulation 300 times, the contrast table of capability retention during with the lithium ion battery by traditional approach gained 300 times of capability retention when calculating 300 times:
Be below according to conditions such as capacity, internal resistance, self discharges, the power brick that SOC is combined into 10 strings adjusted by battery embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 being prepared group, nebula aging cabinet carries out loop test, the magnitude of voltage of record 10 string power brick, is calculated sorting and mixes grade probability and the contrast table being mixed grade probability by the sorting of the lithium ion battery of traditional approach gained:
As can be seen from above two forms, very large by voltage differences between each series-connected cell that the power brick capability retention of traditional approach gained is low, some batteries are also full power state substantially, the overdischarge of some batteries, the battery even had is the short circuit because of super-charge super-discharge; And although it is also variant to screen the battery voltage of combo by self discharge of the present invention again, circulate 300 times time do not reach the level of super-charge super-discharge.And according in actual use, when the power brick of combination bunchiness progressively increases to 50 ~ 3000 string, the difference of being mixed grade probability by the capability retention of the lithium ion battery of traditional approach gained and sorting just can be larger; And it is better to mix shelves probabilistic consistency by the capability retention of the lithium ion battery of mode gained of the present invention and sorting.
Claims (5)
1. a ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing, it is characterized in that: the first step, lithium ion battery good for partial volume is first shelved 5 minutes, with the constant-current charge of 0.05C ~ 5C, the electriferous state of lithium ion battery is made to adjust to 15 ~ 35%SOC or 50 ~ 55%SOC or 90 ~ 100%SOC, after the lithium battery charged is shelved 24h, test battery voltage is also designated as OCV1; Second step by the lithium ion battery tested in normal temperature storage, and was a testing period with 1 ~ 15 day, carried out the open-circuit voltage test of 1 ~ 10 time, be designated as respectively OCV2, OCV3 ..., OCVn; 3rd step, is by computing formula △ V=OCVn-OCVn-1, calculates △ V, is then a class sorting self-discharge of battery with 1mV ~ 5mV.
2. a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preferable range of first step constant-current charge is 0.1C ~ 2C.
3. a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is a testing period that the storage testing period of second step is preferably 4 ~ 10 days.
4. a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the preferred testing time of second step open-circuit voltage is 3 ~ 7 times.
5. a kind of ferrous phosphate lithium ion battery self discharge method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the positive pole of lithium ion is made up of LiFePO4, and negative pole is made up of graphite.
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| CN106772109A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-05-31 | 湖北金泉新材料有限责任公司 | A kind of method for separating of self-discharge of battery performance |
| CN106824831A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-06-13 | 金同林 | A kind of manufacture method of the motive-power battery for improving lithium ion battery uniformity |
| CN106908727A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-30 | 郑州比克电池有限公司 | The method for precisely detecting lithium ion battery self discharge |
| CN107991627A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-04 | 深圳市比克动力电池有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery self discharge grade stage division |
| CN108120940A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-05 | 佛山市实达科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery cell ageing and screening method |
| CN109201521A (en) * | 2017-07-09 | 2019-01-15 | 深圳格林德能源有限公司 | A kind of nickle cobalt lithium manganate lithium ion battery self discharge screening technology |
| CN109313239A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2019-02-05 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | Managing device and accumulating system |
| CN113285513A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-20 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for evaluating self-discharge consistency of battery |
| CN114184969B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-11-28 | 蜂巢能源科技(无锡)有限公司 | Method and device for testing reversible self-discharge capacity loss of battery cell |
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| CN108120940A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-05 | 佛山市实达科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery cell ageing and screening method |
| CN113285513A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-20 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and storage medium for evaluating self-discharge consistency of battery |
| CN114184969B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-11-28 | 蜂巢能源科技(无锡)有限公司 | Method and device for testing reversible self-discharge capacity loss of battery cell |
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