CN104990952A - Method and equipment for measuring equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of wall material - Google Patents
Method and equipment for measuring equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of wall material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990952A CN104990952A CN201510381506.6A CN201510381506A CN104990952A CN 104990952 A CN104990952 A CN 104990952A CN 201510381506 A CN201510381506 A CN 201510381506A CN 104990952 A CN104990952 A CN 104990952A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring equivalent heat conductivity coefficient of a wall material, which is implemented according to the following steps: the filling body is arranged in a sealed environment, the sealed environment provides a hot environment for one side of the filling body, a cold environment for the other side of the filling body,after the temperature in the sealed environment has equilibrated, the heat flux Q through the fill is measuredT(ii) a Embedding the to-be-tested sample in the filling body in a sealing manner, placing the filling body embedded with the test sample in the sealing environment in the step 1, and measuring the heat flow Q passing through the filling body embedded with the test sample after the temperature in the sealing environment is balancedS(ii) a According to heat flow QTAnd QSObtaining the heat flow Q of the heater; the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient lambda e is obtained through calculation according to the heat flow Q of the heater, and the problems that the conventional equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient measuring method is long in detection period, large in influence of human and environmental factors and incapable of truly and effectively reflecting the energy-saving effect of a sample intuitively are solved. The invention also discloses equipment for measuring the equivalent heat conductivity coefficient, which is simple in structure and convenient to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials for wall technical field, relate to materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method and sensing equipment thereof.
Background technology
For many years, materials for wall product has developed into porous brick, hollow brick, building-block, insulating brick, heat insulating hollow building block, composite insulating brick, composite thermal insulation hollow block, decorative brick, pavior brick and decorative tile etc. from single clay solid brick.Its performance of building wall material of these different materials is also different according to production technology difference, and the coefficient of heat conductivity of material is as one of measurement product heat-insulating property important indicator, and it is very crucial on the impact of building energy conservation.The test specimen of most of building element is all heterogeneous, and the nonuniformity of test specimen will affect the pattern of heat flow density, it neither one dimension, neither be equal; The change of specimen thickness also can cause the localized variation that test specimen heat flow density pattern is great, these are also inconsistent on the impact of temperature and local heat transfer type, cause the determination for surface area medial temperature, the error analysis of metering area variable effect and measurement result seems that very difficulty even may not.
At China's building materials coefficient of heat conductivity detection field, the thermal resistance R value that the measuring method of equivalent heat conductivity mainly records according to sample masonry panel carries out calculating equivalent heat conductivity λ e value.This method needs to build into sample by laying bricks or stones body of wall,, sample water percentage good until building wall Cement Mortar Used in Capital can carry out the test (maintenance standing time minimum be 28 days) of body of wall R value when reaching substantially constant, converse sample equivalent heat conductivity simultaneously.This assay method sense cycle is long, artificial and such environmental effects is comparatively large, can not truly, the energy-saving effect of effective response sample directly perceived.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method and sensing equipment thereof, long with the measuring method sense cycle solving existing materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity, artificial and such environmental effects is comparatively large, can not truly, the problem of the effective energy-saving effect of response sample directly perceived.
The first technical scheme of the present invention is, materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method is implemented according to following steps:
Step 1, be placed in a sealed environment by obturator, the side that sealed environment is obturator provides thermal environment, and opposite side provides cold environment, after temperature reaches balance in environment to be sealed, measures the heat flux Q by obturator
t;
Step 2, by test specimen closed set to be measured in obturator, and the obturator being inlaid with test specimen is placed in step 1 sealed environment again, after in environment to be sealed, temperature reaches balance, the heat flux Q of the obturator measuring by being inlaid with test specimen
s;
Step 3, the heat flux Q that obtains will be measured
tand Q
ssubstitute into following formula, obtain well heater heat flux Q:
Q
2＝Q
T-Q
S(1)，
Q＝Q
1+Q
2(2)，
In formula, Q
2be the heat flux difference of twice test, Q
1for the heat flux produced with the obturator of the equal area of test specimen to be measured;
Step 4, by well heater heat flux Q substitute into following formula, obtain equivalent heat conductivity λ e:
In formula, d is the thickness of test specimen, T
2for thermal environment medial temperature, T
1for cold environment medial temperature, k is correction factor, and the size according to test specimen to be measured is selected.
Further, thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, and cold ambient temperature is-14 DEG C ~-16 DEG C.
Further, in sealed environment, temperature reaches the determination methods of balance and is, if by time measurement obtain cold environment and thermal environment average temperature of air change absolute value be not more than 0.1K and 0.3K respectively, and the change of said temperature and the temperature difference is not unidirectional change, then represent that diabatic process reaches stabilization process.
Further, the material of obturator is styrofoam.
Further, sealed environment comprises hollow batch meter, the side of batch meter is provided with the peristome as test zone, the casing external seal of batch meter is covered with the protective hot box for providing thermal environment, the peristome side of batch meter is closely provided with the ice chest for providing cold environment, be provided with temperature control system in batch meter, protective hot box and ice chest, temperature control system is all connected to control system.
The second technical scheme of the present invention is, materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment, comprise hollow batch meter, the side of batch meter is provided with the peristome as test zone, the casing external seal of batch meter is covered with the protective hot box for providing thermal environment, the peristome side of batch meter is closely provided with the ice chest for providing cold environment, and be provided with temperature control system in batch meter, protective hot box and ice chest, temperature control system is all connected to control system.
Further, in batch meter, opening side is provided with flow guiding screen, ice chest is also provided with flow guiding screen near batch meter open side position.
Further, in ice chest, batch meter and protective hot box, temperature control system includes the air-conditioning, electric heater, temperature control instrument and several temperature sensors that are positioned at corresponding box house, several temperature sensors are positioned on each inwall of corresponding casing, several temperature sensors all by data acquisition Instrument connection to computing machine.
Further, electric heater is provided with voltage stabilizer and reometer.
Further, the material of batch meter, protective hot box and ice chest is polyurethane foam color steel, its heat transfer resistance value >3.5 ㎡ K/W.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, both sides, region to be measured are set to hot and cold environment respectively, at steady state, measure respectively and tabular obturator is installed and the heat flux be inlaid with under the obturator both of these case of test specimen is installed, the thermal property of test specimen is embodied by the difference of twice heat flux, according to the situation of change of temperature and power, equivalent heat conductivity value can be conversed by test specimen area and the both sides surrounding air temperature difference.The detection method of this equivalent heat conductivity is based on steady heat transfer principle, sense cycle is shortened, reduce artificial and environmental factor to the impact of measurement result, the energy-saving effect of authentic and valid response sample directly perceived, can precise and high efficiency extrapolate heterogeneous body class materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity.Meanwhile, the structure of sensing equipment provided by the invention is simple, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment of the present invention.
In figure, 1. protective hot box, 2. temperature sensor, 3. test specimen, 4. obturator 4,5. ice chest, 6. voltage stabilizer, 7. reometer, 8. flow guiding screen, 9. air-conditioning, 10. batch meter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
The invention provides a kind of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method, implement according to following steps:
Step 1, be placed in sealed environment by the obturator 4 of known coefficient of heat conductivity, sealed environment provides thermal environment for the side of obturator 4, and opposite side provides cold environment, after temperature reaches balance in environment to be sealed, measures the heat flux Q by obturator 4
t;
Step 2, by test specimen 3 closed set to be measured in obturator 4, and the obturator 4 being inlaid with test specimen 3 is placed in step 1 sealed environment again, after in environment to be sealed, temperature reaches balance, the heat flux Q of the obturator 4 measuring by being inlaid with test specimen 3
s;
Step 3, the heat flux Q that obtains will be measured
tand Q
ssubstitute into following formula, obtain well heater heat flux Q:
Q
2＝Q
T-Q
S(1)，
Q＝Q
1+Q
2(2)，
In formula, Q
2be the heat flux difference of twice test, Q
1for the heat flux produced with the obturator 4 of homalographic with test specimen 3 to be measured;
Step 4, by well heater heat flux Q substitute into following formula, obtain equivalent heat conductivity λ
e:
In formula, d is the thickness of test specimen 3, T
2for thermal environment medial temperature, T
1for cold environment medial temperature, k is correction factor, k=0.85 ~ 1.15, and the size according to test specimen 3 to be measured is selected.
Wherein, thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, and cold ambient temperature is-14 DEG C ~-16 DEG C.
In sealed environment, temperature reaches the determination methods of balance and is, if by time measurement obtain cold environment and thermal environment average temperature of air change absolute value be not more than 0.1K and 0.3K respectively, and the change of said temperature and the temperature difference is not unidirectional change, then represent that diabatic process reaches stabilization process.
It should be noted that in mensuration process that test unit should not be placed in the environment of air port and intense direct illumination, test ambient temperature change should not be greater than ± 2 DEG C, experimental enviroment relative humidity≤80%; Before test, obturator 4 to be measured and the obturator 4 being inlaid with test specimen 3 all should place 24h under experimental enviroment.
Both sides, region to be measured are set to hot and cold environment by the present invention respectively, under hot-cool environment steady state (SS), measure respectively and tabular obturator 4 is installed and the heat flux of inlaying under obturator 4 both of these case of test specimen 3 is installed, embodied the thermal property of test specimen 3 by the difference of twice heat flux.According to the situation of change of temperature and power, equivalent heat conductivity value can be conversed by test specimen area and the both sides surrounding air temperature difference.The detection method of this equivalent heat conductivity is based on steady heat transfer principle, sense cycle is shortened, reduce artificial and environmental factor to the impact of measurement result, the energy-saving effect of authentic and valid response sample directly perceived, can precise and high efficiency extrapolate heterogeneous body class materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity.
Present invention also offers a kind of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment, see Fig. 1, comprise hollow batch meter 10, the side of batch meter 10 is provided with the peristome as test zone, the casing external seal of batch meter 10 is covered with the protective hot box 1 for providing thermal environment, the open side of batch meter 10 is closely provided with the ice chest 5 for providing cold environment, and be provided with temperature control system in batch meter 10, protective hot box 1 and ice chest 5, temperature control system is all connected to control system.Wherein, thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, and cold ambient temperature is-14 DEG C ~-16 DEG C.
Integral device is made up of four parts, is respectively ice chest 5, protective hot box 1, batch meter 10, control and data acquisition processing system and forms.Test specimen 3 to be measured is arranged on batch meter 10 opening part, and all distribute in ice chest 5 and protective hot box 1 temperature sensor 2 monitoring experiment process.Temperature control aspect, installs heating arrangement and refrigeration unit in ice chest 5, with the experiment condition of analog constant cold house temperature effect, utilizes temperature sensor 2 to carry out data monitoring collection in each casing.Protective hot box 1 is placed outside batch meter 10, wherein also be equipped with temperature regulating device, to reach the object reducing test specimen 3 casees temperature losses, generally the temperature of protective hot box 1 be set as equaling the temperature value in batch meter 10, utilizing the temperature controlling protective hot box 1 to reduce laboratory ambient temperature affects the temperature of batch meter 10.
Wherein, temperature sensor 2 adopts T-shaped thermopair, diameter 1mm, measuring accuracy 0.5 grade, with aluminium-foil paper, thermocouple measurement end is bonded on the inwall of each casing, forms good thermo-contact, sensor location is placed on each cabinet wall face, ensure each internal face to have at least a temperature sensor 2 gather, placement location is the center in each face.
Ice chest 5 is made up of polyurethane foam color steel, and structure does not produce cold bridge and has good sealing property, and heat transfer resistance is not less than 3.5 ㎡ K/W.The inside places heating tube and refrigeration machine carrys out equilibrium temperature control, and carry out the difference variation situation under simulating natural condition with ice chest 5, ice chest 5 is furnished with heating arrangement and refrigeration unit, reaches the temperature control effect to ice chest 5 by cold and hot adjustment.In ice chest 5, temperature sensor 2 arranges at least 5, is placed on the inside surface of ice chest 5 respectively, gathers and measures its medial temperature.
In ice chest 5, temperature control system comprises the air-conditioning 9, electric heater, temperature control instrument and several temperature sensors 2 that are positioned at ice chest 5 inside, several temperature sensors 2 are positioned on each inwall of ice chest 5, several temperature sensors 2 all by data acquisition Instrument connection to computing machine.The uncertainty of measurement of temperature sensor 2 is not more than 0.25K.Be positioned at flow guiding screen 8 and the temperature sensor 2 in the gap of test specimen 3, measurement point is no less than 2 points, and should arrange along horizontal direction.Ice chest 5 temperature setting range is between-20 DEG C to-10 DEG C.
Batch meter 10 is made up of polyurethane foam color steel, claimed structure can not produce cold bridge and have good sealing property, heat transfer resistance is not less than 3.5 ㎡ K/W, its volume should be able to hold lower heating arrangement and guiding device, place test specimen 3 in batch meter 10, by the temperature variation of temperature sensor 2 Real-time Collection batch meter 10, characterize temperature conditions, when total system reach temperature cycles stablize time, in real time temperature power situation of change in display ice chest 5 and protective hot box 1.Batch meter 10 inside at least uses 5 temperature sensors 2, measures and gathers medial temperature.
In batch meter 10, opening side is provided with flow guiding screen 8, ice chest 5 is also provided with flow guiding screen 8 near batch meter 10 open side position.In batch meter 10, temperature control system comprises the electric heater, temperature control instrument and several temperature sensors 2 that are positioned at batch meter 10, several temperature sensors 2 are positioned on each inwall of batch meter 10, several temperature sensors 2 all by data acquisition Instrument connection to computing machine.The uncertainty of measurement of temperature sensor 2 is not more than 0.25K, and measurement point is positioned at batch meter 10 inner wall surface, and each internal face is no less than a measurement point.The desired temperature of batch meter 10 is consistent with the temperature of protective hot box 1.
Protective hot box 1 is made up of polyurethane foam color steel, and structure does not produce cold bridge and has good sealing property, and heat transfer resistance is not less than 3.5 ㎡ K/W, and the distance of inwall and batch meter 10 outer wall is more than or equal to 150mm.Protective hot box 1 is placed on outside batch meter 10, is wrapped by batch meter 10, is carried out the difference variation of equilbristat measuring tank 10 and protective hot box 1 by the temperature-controlling system in protective hot box 1, utilizes protective hot box 1 to reduce the temperature loss in batch meter 10, stablizes experimentation.Protective hot box 1 inside at least uses 5 temperature sensors 2, measures and gathers medial temperature.
In protective hot box 1, temperature control system comprises the air-conditioning 9, electric heater, temperature control instrument and several temperature sensors 2 that are positioned at protective hot box 1 inside, several temperature sensors 2 are positioned on each inwall of protective hot box 1, several temperature sensors 2 all by data acquisition Instrument connection to computing machine.The uncertainty of measurement of temperature sensor 2 is not more than 0.25K, and protective hot box 1 temperature setting range is between 20 DEG C to 30 DEG C.
Electric heater is provided with voltage stabilizer 6 and reometer 7.Reometer 7 is for gathering display experiment condition performance number, range 500V, 0.5A; Precision 0.5 grade.
Data acquisition processing system is made up of computing machine and data acquisition instrument, and data acquisition instrument can share with temperature control instrument, also can be used alone.Temperature sensor 2 for data acquisition must not use digital temperature sensor, and suggestion adopts thermopair and platinum resistance.Software utilizes curve to react temperature variations in casing, and software can show the situation of change of each temperature average in experimentation in real time, utilizes curve to reflect intuitively, has friendly operation interface.
Embodiment
Prepare known coefficient of heat conductivity and the obturator 4, d that specification is 500mm × 500mm × d represent measured material heat transfer direction thickness, obturator 4 generally selects styrofoam.When the size of test specimen 3 is more than 500mm × 500mm, prepare by 500mm × 500mm × d, the material of test specimen 3 is sintered perforated brick or insulation blocks etc., when the size of test specimen 3 is less than 500mm × 500mm, then get simple sample to test, material need be dried in advance to permanent matter state.
Obturator 4 selects styrofoam usually, obturator 4 is arranged on the peristome of batch meter 10 as test zone of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment of the present invention, weather-resistant glue is utilized to seal obturator 4 periphery, install and rear ice chest 5 is carried out being connected sealing with protective hot box 1, open control program, setting test temperature, when ice chest 5 temperature stabilization is in set temperature value ± 0.2 DEG C; Protective hot box 1 temperature stabilization is in set temperature value ± 0.3 DEG C; Performance number change is no more than 5%, and this state keeps can confirming as steady state (SS) in 30 minutes, and the test image data cycle is 30 minutes, after temperature stabilization to be tested, and accumulative collection 3 hours, process of the test record temperature and changed power.
Again the obturator 4 being inlaid with test specimen 3 to be measured is arranged on the batch meter 10 of materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment of the present invention as the peristome of test zone, repeats above-mentioned process of the test, record temperature and changed power.The result of twice test data sheet is substituted in the formula 1 ~ 3 in materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method of the present invention, carry out correlation computations, equivalent heat conductivity λ can be obtained
e.
Claims (10)
1. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity assay method, is characterized in that, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, obturator (4) is placed in a sealed environment, described sealed environment is that the side of described obturator (4) provides thermal environment, opposite side provides cold environment, after temperature reaches balance in environment to be sealed, measure the heat flux Q by described obturator (4)
t;
Step 2, by test specimen to be measured (3) closed set in obturator (4), and the obturator (4) being inlaid with test specimen (3) is placed in the sealed environment described in step 1 again, after in environment to be sealed, temperature reaches balance, measure pass through described in be inlaid with the heat flux Q of the obturator (4) of test specimen (3)
s;
Step 3, the heat flux Q that obtains will be measured
tand Q
ssubstitute into following formula, obtain well heater heat flux Q:
Q
2＝Q
T-Q
S(1)，
Q＝Q
1+Q
2(2)，
In formula, Q
2be the heat flux difference of twice test, Q
1for the heat flux produced with the obturator (4) of homalographic with test specimen to be measured (3);
Step 4, by well heater heat flux Q substitute into following formula, obtain equivalent heat conductivity λ e:
In formula, d is the thickness of test specimen, T
2for thermal environment medial temperature, T
1for cold environment medial temperature, k is correction factor, and the size according to test specimen to be measured (3) is selected.
2. assay method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described thermal environment temperature is 24 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, and described cold ambient temperature is-14 DEG C ~-16 DEG C.
3. assay method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described sealed environment, temperature reaches the determination methods of balance and is, if by time measurement obtain cold environment and thermal environment average temperature of air change absolute value be not more than 0.1K and 0.3K respectively, and the change of said temperature and the temperature difference is not unidirectional change, then represent that diabatic process reaches stabilization process.
4. assay method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the material of described obturator (4) is styrofoam.
5. assay method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described sealed environment comprises hollow batch meter (10), the side of described batch meter (10) is provided with the peristome as test zone, the casing external seal of described batch meter (10) is covered with the protective hot box (1) for providing thermal environment, the peristome side of described batch meter (10) is closely provided with the ice chest (5) for providing cold environment, described batch meter (10), temperature control system is provided with in protective hot box (1) and ice chest (5), described temperature control system is all connected to control system.
6. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment, it is characterized in that, comprise hollow batch meter (10), the side of described batch meter (10) is provided with the peristome as test zone, the casing external seal of described batch meter (10) is covered with the protective hot box (1) for providing thermal environment, the peristome side of described batch meter (10) is closely provided with the ice chest (5) for providing cold environment, described batch meter (10), temperature control system is provided with in protective hot box (1) and ice chest (5), described temperature control system is all connected to control system.
7. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described batch meter (10), opening side is provided with flow guiding screen (8), described ice chest (5) is also provided with flow guiding screen (8) near batch meter (10) open side position.
8. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described ice chest (5), batch meter (10) and protective hot box (1) interior temperature control system include the air-conditioning (9), electric heater, temperature control instrument and several temperature sensors (2) that are positioned at corresponding box house, described several temperature sensors (2) are positioned on each inwall of corresponding casing, described several temperature sensors (2) all by data acquisition Instrument connection to computing machine.
9. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described electric heater is provided with voltage stabilizer (6) and reometer (7).
10. materials for wall equivalent heat conductivity sensing equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the material of described batch meter (10), protective hot box (1) and ice chest (5) is polyurethane foam color steel, its heat transfer resistance value >3.5 ㎡ K/W.
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| CN109932384A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-06-25 | 同济大学 | A kind of test device and method for building PCM wall |
| CN110118799A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 北京市建设工程质量第二检测所有限公司 | A kind of building energy conservation in-situ check and test method |
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| CN111624226B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-10 | 广东珈源检测有限公司 | Wall body thermal insulation performance detection device based on architectural design |
| CN113340940A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-03 | 江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Thermal detection method and detection device for integrated concrete combined external wall panel |
| CN117250227A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2023-12-19 | 西南交通大学 | 3D printed concrete surface heat exchange characteristic constant temperature test system, method and application |
| CN117250227B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-01-23 | 西南交通大学 | 3D printed concrete surface heat exchange characteristic constant temperature test system, method and application |
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