CN1049839A

CN1049839A - High-alumina high-strength household porcelain and production method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1049839A
Application number: CN 89105754
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡湧波
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-08-26
Filing date: 1989-08-26
Publication date: 1991-03-13

Abstract

The invention belongs to the ceramic technical field, is about a kind of high-strength household porcelain and manufacture method thereof.The alumina content of this porcelain is 35-48% (weight ratio), and the blank raw material adopts bauxitic clay, clay, feldspar as main raw material, and adds the Lithium Oxide 98min (Li of 0.1-0.2% ₂O) introduced as auxiliary flux by lithium feldspar or triphane, the bauxitic clay raw material generally adopts the bauxitic clay grog, and clay also adopts a part of ripe clay.High-strength household porcelain folding strength 〉=1400kg/cm of the present invention ², resistance to impact shock 〉=4.0kgf-cm/cm ²

Description

High-alumina high-strength household porcelain and production method thereof

The invention belongs to the ceramic technical field, is about being the high-strength household porcelain and the manufacture method thereof of base-material with aluminum oxide and silicon oxide.

Ceramic is a kind of hard brittle material, main performance is that its resistance to impact shock is relatively poor, mechanize is all adopted in washing to tableware in modern dining room, hotel, because the household china shock resistance is poor, be unable to undergo roasting the beating of collision of kitchen operation, the breakage and the turnover rate height that cause tableware, so people's physical strength resistance to impact shock particularly of being badly in need of improving household china.At present the higher porcelain of physical strength is a hard-paste, and its prescription is to be representative with kaolin-quartz-feldspar three-part system, and the folding strength of this kind porcelain has only 600-1000kg/cm ², resistance to impact shock has only 1.8-2.2kgf-cm/cm ², this intensity is not adapt to the requirement of tableware being carried out the mechanize washing.

The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of high-intensity household china and manufacture method thereof, the physical strength that makes this porcelain particularly folding strength and resistance to impact shock adapts to the requirement of mechanize washing.

Realize that technical scheme of the present invention is: the content (general feldspathic china such as the hard-paste Al that improve chemical constitution aluminum oxide in the household china porcelain base ₂O ₃Content is 19-26%), become high-alumina ceramic, make it to reach the 35-48%(weight ratio), blank formulation adopts bauxitic clay, clay, feldspar as main raw material.Because these several raw materials all are salic natural matters, help realizing the high-alumina prescription, and can not improve the cost of raw material.Adopt high-alumina, make the more high mullite of physical strength of generation in the porcelain base, corundum crystal (all being salic crystal), improve the crystalline phase amount, the glass that reduces bad mechanical strength equates that (quartz crystal because crystal transition easily takes place volume change takes place, and produces stress in the porcelain base for amorphous phase amount and free quartzy amount, influence the physical strength of porcelain base), just can reach the particularly anti-purpose of rolling over resistance to impact shock of the physical strength that improves porcelain.

Blank formulation scope of the present invention is: bauxitic clay 10-40%, clay 40-60%, potassium felspar sand 20-35%(weight ratio), the chemical ingredients scope is: SiO ₂45-59%, Al ₂O ₃35-48%, K ₂O+Na ₂O 4.0-6.0% CaO 0-1%, Fe ₂O ₃≤ 0.4%.

In blank,,, in porcelain base chemical constitution, introduce 0.1-0.2% Lithium Oxide 98min (Li in order to reduce firing temperature because the raising of Al203 content causes the firing temperature of porcelain to improve ₂O) composition, replace the part potassium felspar sand by raw mineral materials lithium feldspar or triphane, introduce aluminum oxide, the amount ranges of lithium feldspar or triphane is 5-15%, for this reason, the amount ranges of potassium felspar sand is kept to 15-30%, also can adopt the felspathic composite minerals raw material of potassium felspar sand and lithium (potassium lithium feldspar), the potassium felspar sand raw material that replaces single-component, its amount ranges still are 20-35%.Also can in blank formulation, add calcination of talc or the rhombspar of 0-4% in addition, introduce a spot of MgO chemical ingredients, the generation that fluxing is arranged and improve the thermostability of goods and help the mullite crystalline substance, so blank formulation can be (weight ratio).

Bauxitic clay 10-40%

Sticking stone 40-60%

Or potassium lithium feldspar 20-35%

Calcination of talc

0-4%

(or rhombspar)

The glaze formula scope that is complementary with blank formulation is (weight ratio): clay 15-40%, potassium felspar sand 30-50%, calcination of talc 8-16%, quartz sand 20-30%, adapt with blank, add lithium feldspar or the triphane of 5-20% in the glaze, then glaze formula can be:

Clay 15-40%

Or potassium lithium feldspar 35-55%

Calcination of talc 8-16%

Quartz sand 20-30%

Corresponding chemical ingredients compositing range is: SiO ₂70-74%, Al ₂O ₃15-16%, K ₂O+Na ₂O 3-6%, CaO 1-5%, MgO 3.5-4%, Li ₂O 0.2-0.5%(weight ratio), owing to Al in the glaze ₂O ₃Significantly improving of content, glaze microhardness are also improved greatly, add the thermal expansion basically identical of base glaze, and the generation of body-glaze intermediate layer can make the good combination of base glaze, helps the raising of resistance to impact shock.

Production method of the present invention, be by following technical process: raw material processing, batching, ball milling, take out slurry, sieve, inhale iron, press filtration, old, pugging, blank moulding, drying, glazing, burn till, test package warehouse-in etc., the characteristics of production method of the present invention are that (1) bauxitic clay is generally through 1400 ℃ of temperature lower calcinations, become the bauxitic clay grog, the raw clay part of use becomes ripe clay, triphane also through 1400 ℃ of temperature lower calcinations through calcining.Through the bauxitic clay after the calcining, it is corundum that clay generates crystalline phase, the product of mullite, make blank by prescription again, the porcelain base that obtains after burning till like this is improved as the crystalline phase amount of porcelain skeleton, needle-like mullite and particulate lens corundum are interweaved, brilliant interfacial angle is reduced relatively, shear-stress decreases in the porcelain, reduced the thermal expansion force of porcelain base simultaneously, porcelain intensity just can be significantly improved, (2) potassium felspar sand, lithium feldspar (triphane) fineness requirement is crossed the 250-300 mesh sieve, glaze is crossed the 200-250 mesh sieve with quartz sand, and (3) prepare blank and glaze by following proportional range after processing through above-mentioned raw material:

(4) the ball milling time decides according to fineness requirement, blank 200 mesh screen residue rate≤0.01%, glaze 250 mesh screen residue rate≤0.01%, during ball milling, add 0.1% Sodium salts humic acids in the blank, add 0.2% Sodium salts humic acids in the glaze, (5) old time 15-30 days, vacuum pugging number of times 〉=4 time, vacuum tightness 720-740mmHg, increase the pugging number of times, can improve the folding strength of goods, (6) glaze was wanted 200 mesh sieves before use, iron is inhaled twice in the upfield, (7) glazing thickness keeps 0.2-0.4mm, (8) firing temperature 1320-1420 ℃, firing atmosphere.Oxydizing flame or oxidation one neutral flame, high fiery soaking time was controlled at 30-45 minute, and (9) can select over-glaze decoration or color glaze to decorate on the decoration of porcelain.

With the produced high-strength household porcelain of the present invention, resistance to impact shock 〉=4.0kgf-cm/cm ², hardness of glaze surface 〉=950kg/mm ², folding strength 〉=1400kg/cm ², water-intake rate≤0.3%, thermostability 200-20 ℃ (water) is not qualified, and is leaded, cadmium is malicious.

Most preferred embodiment of the present invention:

Blank formulation

Bauxitic clay grog 15%

High plasticity kaolin 15%

Washed clay 26%

Potassium lithium feldspar 27%

Ripe clay 15%

Calcination of talc 2%

Glaze formula

Potassium lithium feldspar 38%

Quartz sand 20%

Calcination of talc 15%

Ripe clay 14%

Boundary's board kaolin 13%

The material composition table

Annotate: potassium lithium feldspar is by natural potassium felspar sand and the felspathic complex ore of lithium, Yichuan, Jiangxi Province, the place of production " four-four " niobium, tantalum ore by product.

Washed clay is that raw clay is crossed the elutriation of 200 mesh sieves, removes quartz particles, improved Al ₂O ₃Content.

The mud making process flow process:

Plastic molding pug: the slurry of selecting materials → prepare burden → ball milling → the mistake vibratory screening apparatus → take out → suction iron → mistake vibratory screening apparatus → stir → take out slurry → press filtration → thick white silk → old → vacuum pugging.

Grout material:

Clear water+water glass+Sudan Gum-arabic

↓

Wash mill (stirring 24 hours) → sieve → suction pit (standby) is gone in the weighing of plastic pug → vacuum pugging → accurately.

Glaze:

Dry mixing → ball milling → suction iron → sieve → glaze stock tank (standby).

Milling parameters:

1. blank ball milling processing: material: ball: water=1: 1.8: 0.9

Glaze ball milling processing: material: ball: water=1: 1.8: 0.4

The large, medium and small ratio of ballstone: 20%, 50%, 30%

2. ball milling time: about 25 hours of blank

About 80 hours of glaze (all being as the criterion) with the actual fineness that records

3. fineness control: blank 200 mesh screen residue rate≤0.01%

Glaze 250 mesh screen residue rate≤0.01%

4. the reverse-flow suction iron in pug secondary upfield, cross secondary 200 order vibratory screening apparatuss

5. the reverse-flow suction iron in upfield of glaze is once crossed 200 order vibratory screening apparatuss

The blank processing performance:

Roll forming water ratio 23.4%-25.5%

Plastic index 5.3

Linear shrinkage drying 2.1%

Burn 14.5%

Total 17%

Body drying folding strength 25kgf/cm ₂

Moulding: except that fish dish, in more wait with the pressure grout method, all the other dishes, dish, cup, bowl are all used roll forming, the mouth of dish product is added a circle webbing along hidden surface, and rounding off are to normal wall thickness, so both can increase the ability of opposing collision, and not thicken the wall face again and ring attractive in appearance.

Drying treatment: the wet base after the moulding is put into the drying plant heat drying.

Glazing: the glaze for preparing is imposed on the dried base substrate glaze thickness 0.3mm.

Glaze firing: 1380 ℃ of firing temperatures, firing atmosphere oxidation one neutral flame, high fiery soaking time 40 minutes.

The check warehouse-in

When goods need be decorated, after glaze firing, carry out over-glaze decoration decoration or color glaze and decorate decoration firing then, 700-750 ℃ of decoration firing temperature.

The present invention adopts natural mineral raw to produce high strength china, production cost is low, and can adopt the technological process of production and the industrial facility equipment of common feldspar porcelain, and firing temperature is fit to the existing kiln of China and burns till primary institution, promote the use of easily, improve the physical strength of household china.

Claims

1, a kind of high-alumina high-strength porcelain is characterized in that in the porcelain base chemical ingredients composition aluminum oxide (Al ₂O ₃) content is 35-48% (weight ratio), the blank composition of raw materials adopts bauxitic clay, feldspar clay as main raw material.

2, high-alumina high-strength porcelain according to claim 1 is characterized in that blank composition of raw materials scope is: bauxitic clay 10-40%, clay 40-60%, potassium felspar sand 20-35%(weight ratio).

3, high-alumina high-strength porcelain according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that containing the 0.1-0.2%(weight ratio in the porcelain base chemical constitution) Lithium Oxide 98min (Li ₂O).

4, high-alumina high-strength porcelain according to claim 3, it is characterized in that Lithium Oxide 98min is by raw mineral materials lithium feldspar (or potassium felspar sand and the felspathic complex ore of lithium) or triphane introducing, the consumption of lithium feldspar or triphane accounts for the 5-15% in the blank composition of raw materials, correspondingly reduce the consumption of potassium felspar sand, promptly blank composition of raw materials scope is (weight ratio):

Bauxitic clay 10-40%

Clay 40-60%

Or potassium lithium feldspar 20-35%

5, high-alumina high-strength porcelain according to claim 4 is characterized in that having in the blank composition of raw materials calcination of talc of 0-4%.

6, high-alumina high-strength porcelain according to claim 5 is characterized in that the composition of raw materials scope of the glaze that is complementary with base substrate is:

Clay 15-40%

Calcination of talc 8-16%

Quartz sand 20-30%

Corresponding chemical ingredients scope is SiO ₂: 70-74%, Al ₂O ₃15-16%, K ₂O+Na ₂O 3-6%, CaO 1-5%, MgO 3.5-4%, Li ₂O 0.2-0.5%(weight ratio).

7, a kind of manufacture method of high-alumina high-strength porcelain, comprise raw material processing, batching ball milling, take out slurry, sieve, inhale iron, press filtration, pugging, blank forming, body drying, glazing, burn till, test package etc., the invention is characterized in:

(1) raw material aluminium alumina, potassium felspar sand, lithium feldspar (or triphane), clay, quartz sand etc., bauxitic clay generally through calcining, become the bauxitic clay grog, and a raw clay part becomes ripe clay through calcining, and triphane is also through calcining;

(2) potassium felspar sand, lithium feldspar (or triphane) fineness requirement are crossed the 250-300 mesh sieve, glaze is crossed the 200-250 mesh sieve with quartz sand;

(3) batching:

Stock (weight %)

Total consumption 10-40

Total consumption 30-60

Or potassium lithium feldspar 20-35

(or triphane)

Calcination of talc

(or rhombspar) 0-4

Glaze (weight %)

Total consumption 15-40

Or potassium lithium feldspar 35-55

(or triphane)

Calcination of talc 8-16

(or rhombspar)

Quartz sand 20-30

(4) the ball milling time decides according to fineness requirement, blank 200 mesh screen residue rate≤0.01%, glaze 250 mesh screen residue rate≤0.01%;

(5) old time 15-30 days, vacuum pugging number of times 〉=4 time, vacuum tightness 720-740mmHg;

(6) glaze was wanted 200 mesh sieves before use, and iron is inhaled twice in the upfield;

(7) glazing thickness keeps 0.2-0.4mm;

(8) firing temperature 1320-1420 ℃, firing atmosphere; Oxydizing flame or oxidation-neutral flame, high fiery soaking time was controlled at 30-45 minute.

8, the manufacture method of high-alumina high-strength porcelain according to claim 7 when it is characterized in that the raw material ball milling, adds 0.1% Sodium salts humic acids in the stock, add 0.2% sodium humic acid in the glaze.

9, according to Claim 8 or the manufacture method of 9 described high-alumina high-strength porcelain, it is characterized in that adopting on the decoration of porcelain over-glaze decoration or color glaze to decorate.