CN104982167A

CN104982167A - Method of black film full coverage for cultivating pumpkin seed

Info

Publication number: CN104982167A
Application number: CN201510312943.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贺逢宝
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-06-09
Filing date: 2015-06-09
Publication date: 2015-10-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a method of black film full coverage for cultivating pumpkin seeds, which comprises 1) selecting and preparing soil; 2) processing soil; 3) processing seeds; 4) sowing; 5) managing a field; 6) and harvesting, wherein in the process of selecting and preparing the soil, a sunny slope land with previous crops like corn, wheat and beans is selected; after the previous crops are harvested, liquid straw-decomposing agent added with water is used to spray on the soil and rotten manure is applied to the soil; after the soil is deeply plowed, rice straws are used to cover the soil for keeping moisture in winter; after spring of the next year, the rice straws are cleaned up; urea and monopotassium phosphate are applied before sowing and fenaminosulf added with water is used to spray on the soil; the soil is plowed in shallow; after the soil is raked to be fine, a ridge is built and the soil is flattened; the soil processing is to spray a layer of mixture of mineral waste residual and fine sand on a ridge surface; the fenaminosulf added with the water is used to spray on the ridge surface; and the ridge surface is covered with a black film. According to the invention, a most appropriate growing environment is provided, thus incidence of disease is remarkably lowered; the production and the good quality rate are improved; and the good quality rate is over 39 percent.

Description

The method of white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of method that white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing.

Background technology

White melon seeds is the seed of cucurbitaceae vegetable crop pumpkin and custard squash, fries rear direct-edible, also can feed in raw material and make multi-flavor melon, its taste fragrant beautiful, grain is full greatly, skin is thin pure white, oil content is high, is that Huachi is renown far and wide local and special products.Pumpkin seeds is containing several mineral materials, organic acid, vitamin and the nutrient component such as cucurbitacin having protective effect on cancer risk, have grow hold beauty treatment, appetizing of promoting the production of body fluid, cough-relieving declare lung, effect of relaxing bowel, the illnesss such as brothers swell and ache, pertussis can be treated, also can drive away the human intestinal parasites such as tapeworm, pinworm, hookworm, there is very high edible and medical value.

White melon seeds wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, be afraid of rainy how flooded environment, fertility optimum temperature 25 ~ 32 DEG C, germination temperature is 5 ~ 30 DEG C, and less than 5 DEG C can not normally germinate, and the elongation of root system is 12 DEG C, root hair occurs as 16 DEG C, contains most, require the temperature difference of long-day and appropriateness in dog days fertility in season.White melon seeds is long at Qingyang City cultivation history, and through long-term artificially breeding, and form " white melon seeds is interplanted in plastic mulching, matrimony vine, soybean interplants white melon seeds, the white melon seeds of interplanting corn " isotype in culture technique, quality and yield is significantly improved.But scattered cultivation mode and the single Planting status of kind, make frost, damage by disease and insect serious, quality product rate is low, the market price is lower, output is unstable, plays far away due economic benefit simultaneously.For this reason, Wang Zhengxu, Chen Hong " modern agriculture science and technology " the 12nd phase in 2007 discloses the report of " Qingyang City pumpkin seeds production status and development countermeasure ", disclose " scale development, purificate and rejuvenate with introduce a fine variety combine, scientific management " conception, but this report does not propose substantial technical scheme.In addition, other reports of cultivating about white melon seeds are not yet retrieved at present.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to: overcome the defect that quality product rate is low, Dryland crops is large that existing white melon seeds cultivation method exists, a kind of black film all standing is provided to cultivate the method for white melon seeds, by means such as water and fertilizer management, soil and seed treatment, realize the object improving white melon seeds output and quality percentage.

To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The method of white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing, comprise step: 1) selection of land and whole, 2) soil treatment, 3) seed treatment, 4) sow, 5) field management, 6) gather in the crops, it is characterized in that: described step 1) in selection of land and whole ground, before selecting, stubble is corn, the hillside fields on the sunny side of wheat or beans, after preceding crop results, sprinkling soil is watered according to 1:800 ~ 1000 with liquid straw decomposing inoculant, mu executes the muck 2500 ~ 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed again, deep ploughing 25 ~ 30cm, survive the winter with the soil moisture conservation of rice straw mulching soil, rice straw is removed after beginning of spring next year, and 7 ~ 10 days prior to seeding, mu executes urea 50 ~ 70kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 ~ 30kg, be watered spray soil with fenaminosulf simultaneously, then plough shallowly 10 ~ 15cm, ridging after rake is thin, leveling, accomplish that soil is in small, broken bits loose, face, ridge is smooth, described step 2) soil treatment spreads one deck slag and fine sand mixture in face, ridge, then be watered with fenaminosulf and spray face, ridge, then face, black plastic mulching ridge.

Further, the described muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed is mixed into by chicken manure, pig manure, sheep excrement and humus, and its proportioning is according to chicken manure: pig manure: sheep excrement: humus is 1:1:1:0.01.

Further, described fenaminosulf consumption is 200 ~ 240g/ mu, and the ratio that is watered is according to fenaminosulf: water is 1g:1000 ~ 1200 milliliter.

Further, described step 3) seed treatment selects full seed, plants shell not damaged, pure white, the colory seed of outward appearance, through ultrasonic process after 5 ~ 10 minutes, put into 50% carbendazim solution seed soaking 10 ~ 15 minutes, pull out in rear immersion 0.01 ~ 0.02% mercuric chloride solution and process 1 ~ 2 minute, dry in the shade after finally pulling out to water content 12 ~ 20%.

Compared with existing white melon seeds cultivation method, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1, the present invention is after preceding crop results, spraying liquid straw decomposing inoculant is watered to field, turn over after applying hot muck simultaneously, due to the preceding crop stalk in rear residual field of turning over, during root, stem and leaf is placed into the soil, under the effect of decomposing agent, Rapid Fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed, form the stalk fertilizer with nutrient effect, add impact when soil fertility avoids foreign material stalk to plant pumpkin seeds simultaneously, in addition owing to applying hot muck, because these fertilizer produces heat, low temperature is made to keep more common muck high, can fast germination after broadcasting under next year white melon seeds seed, emerge, accelerate seed sprouting and improve emergence rate.

2, the present invention processes soil prior to seeding, eliminates soil pests and worm's ovum, reduces the incidence of disease of white melon seeds, improves product yield and kind, solves the problem that the quality percentage that exists in existing white melon seeds implantation methods is low.

3, the present invention spreads slag and fine sand mixture to face, ridge after ridging, and fine sand improves soil permeability rate and increases day and night temperature, for white melon seeds provides better growing environment.

4, the present invention carries out pretreatment to seed prior to seeding, accelerates to germinate and speed of emergence, improves emergence rate again simultaneously, vole, insect etc. can also be prevented the destruction of seed.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further, is intended to help same domain technical staff the understanding of the present invention, does not limit interest field.

Embodiment 1

A method for white melon seeds is cultivated in black film all standing, comprises the following steps:

1) selection of land and whole

Before selecting, stubble is the hillside fields on the sunny side of corn, wheat or beans, after preceding crop results, sprinkling soil is watered according to 1:800 ~ 1000 with liquid straw decomposing inoculant, mu executes the muck 2500 ~ 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed again, deep ploughing 25 ~ 30cm, survive the winter with the soil moisture conservation of rice straw mulching soil, rice straw is removed after beginning of spring next year, and 7 ~ 10 days prior to seeding, mu executes urea 50 ~ 70kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 ~ 30kg, and be watered spray soil with fenaminosulf, then plough shallowly 10 ~ 15cm simultaneously, ridging, leveling after rake is thin, accomplish soil in small, broken bits loose, face, ridge is smooth.

2) soil treatment

Spread one deck slag and fine sand mixture in face, ridge, then be watered with fenaminosulf and spray face, ridge, then face, black plastic mulching ridge, described fenaminosulf consumption is 200 ~ 240g/ mu, and the ratio that is watered is according to fenaminosulf: water is 1g:1000 ~ 1200 milliliter.

3) seed treatment

Select full seed, plant shell not damaged, pure white, the colory seed of outward appearance, through ultrasonic process after 5 ~ 10 minutes, put into 50% carbendazim solution seed soaking 10 ~ 15 minutes, pull out in rear immersion 0.01 ~ 0.02% mercuric chloride solution and process 1 ~ 2 minute, dry in the shade after finally pulling out to water content 12 ~ 20%.

4) sow

Sowing time is May first arrival mid-May, adopts seeder program request sowing, seed level 3 ~ 5cm, spacing in the rows 65 ~ 75cm, every mu of seeding quantity 1 ~ 1.2kg.

5) field management

1. thinning, final singling: after emerging, the final singling when rough leaf decontrols, final singling should early unsuitable evening, retains the melon seedling of robust growth during final singling, eliminates sick seedling, weak seedling and seedling that is bad without growing point, cotyledon development or yellowing leaf, final singling method falls with hoe shovel, not with hand from eradicating, cause the shoot root system of reservation to damage, ventilated, affect growth in strong sprout, every cave retains a healthy and strong seedling;

2. the extermination of disease and insect pest: white melon seeds disease has damping off, fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, when disease occurs with thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, in conjunction with spraying Foliar Spraying, foliage fertilizer selects huge energy potassium, potassium dihydrogen etc., sprays before group's phase, the phase of bearing fruit, fruit expanding period or rainy season set.

3. honeybee pollination, pumpkin seeds is entomophilous flower, needs insect to pollinate, and when the white melon seeds florescence, puts honeybee in a suitable place to breed to help pollination, guarantee fruit-setting rate around it in 3 kilometers.

4. topdress: white melon seeds is based on nitrogenous fertilizer, and the method adopting liquid nitrogen fertilizer to fill with root and the combination of foliage fertilizer composite fertilizer is topdressed, and especially the florescence is because repeatedly imposing blade face nitrogenous fertilizer on a small quantity.

6) gather in the crops

Water content in harvest, starting, when there being many little wart like structures, gathering when pinching to enter melon skin with nail at the beginning of 9 months; After gathering, melon is put into tired melon about 10 days on airing field, then adopts pumpkin seeds seperator to carry out de-seed.

In the cultivation of embodiment 1, concrete fertilizer application amount, pesticide volume and other numerical value is adjusted according to white melon seeds growing state, in the actual production of repeatedly cultivating, contrast finds: chicken manure: pig manure: sheep excrement: when humus proportioning is 1:1:1:0.01, emergence rate, up to more than 98.5%, is the most higher survival rate in the present embodiment.Through statistics, adopt the inventive method to cultivate white melon seeds, stable yield volume increase 5.8%, the incidence of disease is less than 0.6%, and quality percentage reaches more than 39%, cultivates tool than existing methods and is significantly improved.

Claims

1. the method for white melon seeds is cultivated in a black film all standing, comprise step: 1) selection of land and whole, 2) soil treatment, 3) seed treatment, 4) sow, 5) field management, 6) gather in the crops, it is characterized in that: described step 1) in selection of land and whole ground, before selecting, stubble is corn, the hillside fields on the sunny side of wheat or beans, after preceding crop results, sprinkling soil is watered according to 1:800 ~ 1000 with liquid straw decomposing inoculant, mu executes the muck 2500 ~ 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed again, deep ploughing 25 ~ 30cm, survive the winter with the soil moisture conservation of rice straw mulching soil, rice straw is removed after beginning of spring next year, and 7 ~ 10 days prior to seeding, mu executes urea 50 ~ 70kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20 ~ 30kg, be watered spray soil with fenaminosulf simultaneously, then plough shallowly 10 ~ 15cm, ridging after rake is thin, leveling, accomplish that soil is in small, broken bits loose, face, ridge is smooth, described step 2) soil treatment spreads one deck slag and fine sand mixture in face, ridge, then be watered with fenaminosulf and spray face, ridge, then face, black plastic mulching ridge.

2. the method for white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described muck that becomes thoroughly decomposed is mixed into by chicken manure, pig manure, sheep excrement and humus, and its proportioning is according to chicken manure: pig manure: sheep excrement: humus is 1:1:1:0.01.

3. the method for white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fenaminosulf consumption is 200 ~ 240g/ mu, and the ratio that is watered is according to fenaminosulf: water is 1g:1000 ~ 1200 milliliter.

4. the method for white melon seeds is cultivated in a kind of black film all standing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) seed treatment selects full seed, plants shell not damaged, pure white, the colory seed of outward appearance, through ultrasonic process after 5 ~ 10 minutes, put into 50% carbendazim solution seed soaking 10 ~ 15 minutes, pull out in rear immersion 0.01 ~ 0.02% mercuric chloride solution and process 1 ~ 2 minute, dry in the shade after finally pulling out to water content 12 ~ 20%.