CN104979981A - 用于车辆动力总成的电机 - Google Patents

用于车辆动力总成的电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104979981A
CN104979981A CN201510169074.2A CN201510169074A CN104979981A CN 104979981 A CN104979981 A CN 104979981A CN 201510169074 A CN201510169074 A CN 201510169074A CN 104979981 A CN104979981 A CN 104979981A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor
motor
rotor core
stator
barrier layer
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Pending
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CN201510169074.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
L.郝
C.S.纳姆杜里
M.潘蒂
T.W.内尔
A.M.奥梅坎达
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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Publication of CN104979981A publication Critical patent/CN104979981A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/2713—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being axial, e.g. claw-pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于车辆动力总成的电机，所述电机包括转子组件，该转子组件具有转子芯部，该转子芯部被构造成支撑围绕转子芯部间隔开的永久磁铁，以限定多个转子磁极。所述转子芯部具有多个转子狭槽，所述多个转子狭槽布置为在每个转子磁极处的多个阻隔层。所述转子芯部被构造成使得所述电机满足预定操作参数。在一个实施方式中，电机通过皮带驱动系与发动机联接，并且提供摇曲轴起动(发动机起动)、再生和扭矩辅助模式。

Description

用于车辆动力总成的电机
与相关申请的横向参考
本申请要求2014年4月12日提交的印度临时申请第457/KOL/2014号的权益，该临时申请通过引用以其全文并入本文中。
技术领域
本教导大体上包括用于车辆动力总成的电机，并更特别地涉及内部永磁电动机。
背景技术
电动机利用电势能通过磁场和电流承载导体的相互作用而产生机械扭矩。一些电动机也可以用作发电机，其通过使用扭矩来产生电能。内部永磁电机具有转子组件，该转子组件包括转子芯部，该转子芯部带有围绕转子芯部间隔开的交替极性的磁体。
发明内容
提供了一种电机，该电机包括转子组件，转子组件具有转子芯部，该转子芯部构造成支撑围绕该转子芯部间隔开的永磁铁，以限定多个转子磁极。转子芯部具有多个转子狭槽，该转子狭槽布置为在每个转子磁极处的多个阻隔层。在每个转子磁极处的一个或多个阻隔层可以容纳永磁铁。转子芯部被构造有最佳几何形状，以满足预定操作参数。电机可以被构造有多相定子组件和内部永磁铁辅助同步磁阻转子组件。尤其是，电机被设计成获得预定的操作参数并且具有装配在相对小封装空间内的能力，该预定的操作参数包括：高效率、高功率密度和/或高扭矩密度、相对宽的峰值功率范围、最大速度、相对低的成本、相对低的质量和惯性以及低于额定电流的三相短路电流。在一个实施方式中，电机通过皮带驱动系与发动机相联接，并且提供发动机摇曲轴起动(即起动)、再生和扭矩辅助模式。
根据一方面，提供一种电机，包括：转子组件，所述转子组件具有转子芯部，该转子芯部被构造成支撑永磁铁，所述永久磁铁围绕所述转子芯部间隔开，以限定多个转子磁极；以及其中，在每个转子磁极处，所述转子芯部具有多个转子狭槽，所述转子狭槽被布置为多个阻隔层。
优选地，其中，所述阻隔层彼此邻近地定位在所述转子芯部的内周边和转子芯部的外周边之间；其中，所述阻隔层包括最靠近内周边的第一阻隔层，所述第一阻隔层具有多个节段；以及所述永磁铁容纳在所述第一阻隔层的至少一些节段内。
优选地，其中，所述第一阻隔层的节段包括中心节段和第一及第二翼部节段，所述第一和第二翼部节段从所述中心节段的相对端部朝向所述外周边并且彼此背离地延伸。
优选地，其中，所述转子芯部在第一和第二翼部节段的每一个与所述外周边之间限定了相应的第一顶部桥部；以及其中，每个所述第一顶部桥部的最小宽度不小于0.7mm且不大于2mm。
优选地，其中，所述转子芯部在第一和第二翼部节段的每一个与中心节段之间限定了相应的中间桥部；以及其中，每个中间桥部的最小宽度不小于0.7mm且不大于2mm。
优选地，其中，第一和第二翼部节段以及中心节段的每一个具有厚度，并且其中，翼部节段和中心节段中的每一个的厚度基本上相同。
优选地，其中，翼部节段和中心节段中的每一个的厚度在1mm和3.0mm之间。
优选地，其中，所述永磁铁被容纳在翼部节段和中心节段的每一个内；并且其中，所述永久磁铁基本上彼此相同且大致为矩形。
优选地，其中，所述阻隔层包括定位在第一阻隔层和所述外周边之间的至少第二和第三阻隔层；其中，所述转子芯部在所述第二和第三阻隔层的每一个与所述外周边之间限定了相应的第二顶部桥部；以及其中，每个第二顶部桥部的最小宽度不小于1mm且不大于3mm。
优选地，其中，所述转子芯部在相邻的第一阻隔层之间具有空腔，以减小质量。
优选地，其中，所述转子芯部包括中心轴支撑件和从所述中心轴支撑件径向向外延伸的多个辐射状部；以及其中，所述多个辐射状部与所述转子磁极径向对齐。
优选地，所述电机还包括：定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且在二者之间具有间隙；其中，所述定子组件具有多个定子狭槽，所述多个定子狭槽围绕定子组件沿圆周间隔开并被构造成支撑定子绕组；以及其中，所述定子狭槽的数量和所述转子磁极的数量的最小公倍数大于60。
优选地，所述电机还包括：定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且在二者之间具有间隙；所述定子组件具有多个定子狭槽，所述多个定子狭槽围绕定子组件沿圆周间隔开并被构造成支撑定子绕组；以及其中所述定子狭槽的数量和所述转子磁极的数量的最大公约数为至少4。
优选地，所述电机还包括：定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且在二者之间具有间隙；其中，所述定子组件具有多个轴向叠置的定子叠片；以及其中所述定子叠片的外直径与所述定子叠片的轴向长度的比不小于1.5且不大于4。
优选地，其中，所述间隙不小于0.2mm且不大于0.7mm；且其中所述定子叠片的外直径不大于145mm，并且所述定子叠片的轴向长度不大于65mm。
优选地，所述电机还包括：定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件，且二者之间具有间隙；可操作地连接到所述定子组件的电动机控制器功率逆变器模块(MPIM)；并且与如下特征结合：具有曲轴的发动机；可操作地连接电机和曲轴的皮带驱动系；以及可操作地连接到定子组件的电池；其中所述MPIM被构造成控制所述定子组件，以获得电动模式，在该电动模式下，电机利用来自电池的存储的电功率向所述曲轴增加扭矩；其中，所述MPIM被构造成控制所述定子组件以获得发电模式，在该发电模式下，所述电机将曲轴的扭矩转变成电池中的存储的电功率；以及其中，所述电机被构造成在输出功率和速度的预定范围上获得至少80％的效率，并且具有至少18,000转每分钟的最大速度。
优选地，其中，在电机的整个速度范围上的短路电流低于0.9乘以电机的额定电流。
根据另一方面，提供一种电机，包括：转子组件，所述转子组件具有转子芯部，所述转子芯部被构造成支撑围绕所述转子芯部间隔开的永磁铁，以限定多个转子磁极；其中，所述转子芯部具有多个转子槽，所述多个转子槽布置为在转子芯部的内周边和转子芯部的外周边之间在每个转子磁极处的多个阻隔层；其中，所述阻隔层包括最靠近所述内周边的第一阻隔层，所述第一阻隔层具有多个节段，包括中心节段和从所述中心节段的相对端部朝向所述外周边并且彼此背离地延伸的第一和第二翼部节段；其中，每个翼部节段和中心节段的厚度在2.0mm和2.5mm之间；定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且二者之间具有间隙；以及其中，所述间隙不小于0.3mm且不大于0.5mm。
优选地，其中，所述定子组件具有多个轴向叠置的定子叠片。
优选地，其中，所述定子叠片的外直径与所述定子叠片的轴向长度的比不小于1.5且不大于4。
本教导的上述特征和优点以及其他特征和优点从下面对实施本教导的最佳模式的详细描述中并在结合附图阅读时容易理解到。
附图说明
图1是根据本教导的电机的第一实施方式的侧视图的示意图；
图2是图1的电机的转子组件的侧视图的示意图；
图3是图1的电机的定子组件的侧视图的示意图；
图4是根据本教导的用于图1的电机中的转子组件的第二实施方式的侧视图的示意图；
图5是根据本教导的用于图1的电机的转子组件的第三实施方式的侧视图的示意图；
图6是包括图1的电机的动力总成的示意图；
图7是图1的电机的以基础扭矩(pu)为单位的扭矩和以基础功率(pu)为单位的功率相对于速度(每分钟转数)的图表；
图8是在图1的电机的发电模式过程中，在不同的以基础功率(pu)为单位的功率和速度(每分钟转数)下的效率图；
图9是在图1的电机的电动模式过程中在不同的以基础功率(pu)为单位的功率和速度(每分钟转数)下的效率图；
图10是在三相短路事件过程中转子速度(每分钟转数)、以基础功率(pu)为单位的功率和以基础电流(pu)为单位的相A电流相对时间(秒)的图表。
具体实施方式
参照附图，其中相同的附图标记贯穿视图指代相同部件，图1示出具有定子组件12和转子组件14的电机10。如在此讨论的，电机10具有多相定子组件12和内部永磁铁辅助同步磁阻转子组件14，该转子组件被构造有最佳设计和几何形状，以满足预定的操作参数。尤其是，电机10被设计成获得高效率，如在预定输出功率和速度范围上80％的效率，以具有高功率密度和/或高扭矩密度，从而具有相对宽的峰值功率范围、至少18,000转每分钟(rpm)的最大速度、通过使得永磁铁的需要数量最少而相对低成本、相对低质量和惯性以及装配在相对小的封装空间内。可以代替转子组件14使用的可替代的转子组件114、214在图4和5中示出，其也具有最佳设计和几何形状以满足相同的预定操作参数。具有任一种转子组件14、114、214的电机10可以发动机皮带驱动布置用于动力总成300中，如图6中所示，以提供发动机摇曲轴起动、再生、和扭矩辅助模式。
参照图1至3，定子组件12径向围绕转子组件14，且在二者之间限定气隙16。电机10被构造成使得该气隙16仅作为非限定性示例可以不小于0.2mm，并且不大于0.7mm，以便使功率最大并使磁铁20A、20B、20C的数量最少。作为另一个非限定性示例，气隙16可以不小于0.3mm并且不大于0.5mm。定子组件12和转子组件14二者通常为环形形状，并且关于电机10的纵向中心轴线A(图6中最佳示出)同心。定子组件12具有定子芯部30，且转子组件14具有转子芯部18。定子芯部30和转子芯部18二者都可以由沿着轴线A轴向堆叠的多个叠片组装。例如，图6示出了定子叠片19的堆叠。应该理解的是电动机壳体可以径向围绕定子叠片19的外周边，并且可以支撑电机10的电动机轴29。为了图示的目的壳体在图6中未示出，使得叠片19可见。
转子组件14包括转子芯部18，该转子芯部18被构造成支撑多个永磁铁20A、20B、20C，所述永磁铁20A、20B、20C围绕转子芯部18间隔开。具体地说，转子芯部18具有多个转子狭槽22、24、26、28，它们在此也称为隔离件或阻隔层，布置为多个阻隔层，包括第一阻隔层22、第二阻隔层24、第三阻隔层26和第四阻隔层28。第一阻隔层22最靠近转子芯部18的内周边23。第二阻隔层24定位在第一阻隔层22和第三阻隔层26之间。第三阻隔层26定位在第二阻隔层24和第四阻隔层28之间。第四阻隔层28比阻隔层22、24和26距离内周边23更远。第四阻隔层28比第一阻隔层22、以及第二和第三阻隔层24、26的至少一部分更靠近转子芯部18的外周边25。在所示的实施方式中，仅第一阻隔层22容纳磁铁20A、20B、20C。其他阻隔层24、26、28用作空气隔离件。在其他实施方式中，一个或多个阻隔层24、26、28也能够填充有永磁铁。
转子组件14被构造成围绕纵向延伸通过电机10的中心的轴线A可旋转。转子芯部18刚性连接到电动机轴29(仅在图6中示出)并且与电动机轴29一起旋转，所述电动机轴29延伸通过转子芯部18内的轴开口31。围绕轴开口31的转子芯部18的材料用作中心轴支撑件33。
定子组件12包括定子芯部30，该定子芯部30具有多个沿圆周间隔开的定子狭槽32。定子狭槽32沿着轴线A在长度方向上延伸。定子狭槽32被构造成容纳多相定子绕组34。定子绕组34可以分组成不同的组，每组承载相同数量的相的电流，如三相，如本领域技术人员所理解的。定子绕组34可以轴向延伸超过定子芯部30的第一和第二轴向端部36、38，如图6所示。不包括绕组34的任何延伸部分的叠片19的堆叠的轴向长度AL(即，沿着轴线A在轴向端部36、38之间的距离)在此也被称为电机10的有效长度。仅作为非限定性示例，定子组件12的叠片19的外直径OD对有效长度AL的比可以不小1.5且不大于4，并且仅作为非限定性示例，有效长度AL不超过65mm且外直径OD不超过145mm，以便满足针对电机10的特定应用(如在车辆动力总成中)的预定封装空间要求。
参照图2，转子具有八个磁极40，所述八个磁极至少部分通过在大致沿圆周方向布置在转子芯部18内的第一阻隔层22中的永磁铁20A、20B、20C的放置以及通过磁铁20A、20B、20C的所选择的极性而建立。虽然示出了八个磁极40，但是电机10可以被构造成具有不同数量的磁极40。作为非限定性示例，磁极40的数量可以在6和12之间，以满足预定的扭矩、功率和封装参数，同时保持在预定噪声极限内。每个磁极40包括多个阻隔层22、24、26、28的组。示出磁极40通过磁极边界42彼此分隔开，所述磁极边界42径向延伸通过转子芯部30。每个磁极40包括由磁极40的相应磁极边界42所界定的转子芯部30的所有材料。仅一个磁极40的磁极轴线44被示出，但是每个磁极40具有类似的磁极轴线44，所述磁极轴线44径向延伸穿过磁极40的中心。转子芯部18是钢材料，其被选择以将高速旋转应力维持在预定极限之内。作为非限定性示例，转子组件14的基于计算机的旋转应力分析表明第一阻隔层22的中心节段60的最远侧部分45经受最大旋转应力，并且当电机10在20,000rpm和150摄氏度的电动模式下操作时，在远侧部分45处的应力将保持小于根据材料特性的预定最大可允许旋转应力。
参照图1和3，在一个示例性实施方式中，定子芯部30具有六十个定子狭槽32，该定子狭槽32围绕定子芯部30沿圆周方向布置并且在定子芯部30的内周边50处朝向气隙16开口。定子齿部52将每个定子狭槽32分隔开，并且构造有端部54，该端部54保持定子绕组34。定子狭槽32的数量和转子芯部18的磁极40的数量的最大公约数(GCD)是整除定子狭槽32的数量和磁极40的数量而没有余数的最大正整数。在所示的实施方式中，由于定子芯部30具有60个定子狭槽32，转子芯部18具有八个磁极40，因此GCD是4。在其他实施方式中，GCD可以是不同的数，并且优选地大于或等于4。
定子狭槽32的数量和磁极40的数量的最小公倍数(LCM)是可被定子狭槽32的数量和磁极40的数量二者整除的最小正整数。在所示的实施方式中，由于定子芯部30具有60个定子狭槽32，而转子芯部18具有八个磁极40，因此LCM是120。在其他实施方式中，LCM可以是不同的数，并优选地大于60，以使得永磁铁20A、20B、20C和定子芯部30的齿部52的相互作用所致的齿槽转矩(cogging torque)最小化。
现在参照图2，显然第一阻隔层22具有多个离散的节段，所述节段通过转子芯部18的材料而彼此物理分隔开。详细地说，所述节段包括中心节段60，该中心节段60容纳磁铁20A。第一阻隔层22还具有第一和第二翼部节段62A、62B，所述第一和第二翼部节段62A、62B大致靠近中心节段60的相对两端部64A、64B朝向外周边25定位并且彼此成角度且背离。中心节段60定位成使得容纳在其中的磁铁20A大致垂直于转子芯部18的半径，且该半径显示为磁极轴线44并且由磁极轴线44图示。
为了节省成本，期望的是每个永磁铁20A、20B和20C具有相同的矩形形状。这可以通过将中心节段60以及第一和第二翼部节段62A、62B构造成具有相同的厚度T1、T2、T3而实现。在一个非限定性示例中，厚度T1、T2、和T3在大约1mm至3.0mm范围内，并且在更特定示例中，在大约2.0mm至2.5mm范围内，使得具有适当宽度的磁铁20A、20B、20C能够装配在其中。要指出的是，虽然永磁铁20A、20B、20C形状为矩形，但是中心节段60和翼部节段62A、62B具有更复杂形状，并具有适合并保持磁铁20A、20B、20C的大致矩形的中间部分，以及在一个或两个端部处延伸的空气穴66。堆叠的转子叠片的中心节段60和翼部节段62A、62B在轴线A的方向上的长度可以相等。中心节段60在轴线A的方向上的长度以及堆叠的转子叠片的翼部节段62A、62B可以相等。通过这样做，永磁铁20A、20B和20C能够具有相同的矩形形状。多个磁铁可以沿着轴线A的长度的方向定位在每个对齐的节段20A、20B、20C内。
第一阻隔层22的中心节段60和翼部节段62A、62B由转子芯部18的材料彼此分隔开。换言之，中心节段60和翼部节段62A、62B是离散的并且彼此不连续，这是因为转子芯部18在中心节段60和第一翼部节段62A以及在中心节段60和第二翼部节段62B之间限定了中间桥部68。作为非限定性示例，转子芯部18可以被构造成使得每个中间桥部68的最小宽度WM不小于0.7mm且不大于2mm。最小宽度WM被定义为中心节段60和第一翼部节段62A或第二翼部节段62B之间的最小距离。以这种方式构造的中间桥部68有助于满足电机10的预定旋转应力要求并使得所需的磁铁材料最少，以潜在地降低制造成本。
转子芯部18的材料也在第一和第二翼部节段62A、62B的每一个与转子芯部18的外周边25之间形成第一顶部桥部70。作为非限定性示例，每个第一顶部桥部70的最小宽度WT1不小于0.75mm且不大于2mm。
另外，转子芯部18的材料形成在第二阻隔层24、第三阻隔层26和第四阻隔层28中的每一个与外周边25之间延伸的第二顶部桥部72。换言之，第二顶部桥部72是每个转子磁极40的在转子磁极40的第一和第二翼部节段62A、62B与外周边25之间的部分。为了说明的目的，图2示出了其中一个第二顶部桥部72的圆周角跨度78(即，转子芯部18的圆周的节段)。作为非限定性示例，每个第二顶部桥部72的最小宽度WT2不小于1mm且不大于3mm。磁铁20A、20B、20C在电机10内形成产生扭矩的磁通量，并也用于使顶部桥部70磁饱和，以使得磁通量分路效应最小。
为了节省质量，转子芯部18在相邻磁极40的相邻组的第一阻隔层22的相邻翼部节段62A、62B之间具有空腔80。额外的空腔82从第一阻隔层22径向向内并从内周边23径向向外定位。空腔80、82在转子芯部18的相对低磁通量密度区域中，以降低转子芯部18的重量和惯性。这使得电机10能够快速动态响应，如当车辆操作者改变操作请求时，由此潜在地提高车辆燃料经济性。
空腔82定位成使得辐射状部84由在相邻空腔82之间的转子芯部18限定并且在每个转子磁极40内居中。即，辐射状部82在中心节段60和中心磁铁20A之下居中。通过将辐射状部84定位成使得它们在中心节段60的正下方，辐射状部84与磁极40径向对齐，使得每个磁极40的中心磁极轴线42在中心节段20A之下穿过相应辐射状部84的径向中心。于是，通过辐射状部84的转子芯部材料的磁通量有助于磁化磁铁20A、20B、20C。所示实施方式中的辐射状部84为非线性形状，这是因为它们部分由圆形空腔82限定。辐射状部84大致径向地延伸在用作中心轴支撑部33的转子芯部18的部分和中心节段60之间。
图4示出可替代转子组件114，其可以代替电机10内的转子组件14与定子组件12一起使用的。转子组件114具有转子芯部118，该转子芯部118与转子芯部18的区别仅在于：分别对应于第一、第二、第三和第四阻隔层22、24、26和28的阻隔层122、124、126和128具有更圆的角部，对应于空腔80的空腔180具有圆的角部，且空腔182具有与空腔82不同的形状和位置，导致线性辐射状部184沿着磁极边界42而非磁极轴线44(关于图4中的一个磁极40标记)径向延伸。辐射状部184由此在磁极40之间居中，而非处于磁极40处。在其他方面，转子组件114与转子组件14在所有方面相似并且如相对于转子组件14所描述的那样运行和执行，以满足同样的预定操作参数。转子组件114的基于计算机的旋转应力分析表明中心节段60A的最远侧端部145经受最大旋转应力，并且在电机10以20,000rpm并且在150摄氏度下以电动模式操作时，在远侧部分145处的旋转应力小于根据材料特性的可允许旋转应力的预定最大操作参数。在具有定子组件12和转子组件114的一个示例性实施方式中，电机10可具有小于8公斤(kg)的总重量，且层叠的定子芯部30重量小于3kg，层叠的转子芯部18重量小于2kg，定子绕组34重量小于2.5kg，且所有磁铁20A、20B、20C重量小于0.5kg。
图5示出了可替代转子组件214，其可以代替电机10内的转子组件14与定子组件12一起使用。转子组件214在所有方面与转子组件114类似，除了转子芯部218被构造成使得第一阻隔层122被第一阻隔层220取代，所述第一阻隔层220具有中心节段260A，该中心节段260A与翼部节段262A和262B连续且不离散。换言之，在每个第一阻隔层220中，不存在将中心节段260A与翼部节段262A和262B分隔开的中间桥部，且翼部节段262A、262B从中心节段260A的相对端部延伸。另外，转子芯部218被构造成使得转子辐射状部284沿着每个转子磁极40的磁极轴线44延伸，并且在转子辐射状部284之间的空腔282沿着磁极边界42居中。转子组件214的基于计算机的旋转应力分析表明当电机10以20,000rpm并且在150摄氏度下以电动模式操作时，没有部分经受大于根据材料特性的预定最大可允许旋转应力的旋转应力。
电机10可以用于很多应用中，如在车辆上。电机10的一个非限定性示例用途在图6中示出。电机10包括在车辆302的动力总成300中。动力总成300还包括具有曲轴306的发动机304。在接合可选择性接合的离合器322A时，皮带驱动系308将电机10可操作地与曲轴306连接。动力总成300是混合动力总成，并且更具体地说，化石燃料-电动混合动力总成，这是因为除了发动机14作为由化石燃料(如汽油或柴油燃料)供能的第一动力源，由存储的电能所供能的电机10可用作第二动力源。电机10可被控制为用作电动机或作为发电机，并且当接合可选择性接合的离合器322A时，经皮带驱动系308可操作地联接到发动机304的曲轴306。皮带驱动系308包括与带轮312接合的皮带310。仅在可选择性接合的离合器322A被接合时，带轮312连接到电机10的电动机轴29上，并与电动机轴29一起旋转。皮带310也与带轮314接合，所述带轮314可连接到曲轴306以与曲轴306一起旋转。当带轮312被连接以与电机10一起旋转并且带轮314被连接以与曲轴206一起旋转时，皮带驱动系308在电机10和曲轴306之间建立驱动连接。在这种布置下，电机10可以称为皮带-交流发电机-起动器电动机/发电机。可替代的，皮带驱动系308可以包括链以代替皮带310，并包括链轮以代替带轮312、314。皮带驱动系308的两种这样的实施方式在此都称为皮带驱动系。
电动机控制器功率逆变器模块(MPIM)316可操作地连接到定子组件12。如图所示，MPIM 316直接安装到电机10。电池318通过MPIM 316并通过一个或多个额外的控制器320可操作地连接到定子组件12，所述一个或多个额外的控制器320也可操作地连接到发动机304、变速器321、和离合器322A、322B和324。为了图中清楚的目的，没有示出到发动机304、变速器321和离合器322A、322B和324的可操作连接。到变速器321和离合器322A、322B和324的连接可以是电子的、液力的或其他方式。
当离合器324被接合，并假设变速器321内的内部离合器被控制以在变速器输入构件334和变速器输出构件336之间建立驱动连接时，在曲轴306和车轮330之间通过变速器321并通过差速器332可以发生扭矩传输。
在预定的操作条件下，控制器320可以导致离合器322B被接合，并且MPIM 316可以控制电机10用作电动机。电机10然后可以经由相互啮合的齿轮340、342驱动曲轴306，以起动发动机14。齿轮340安装到轴346上并与轴346一起旋转，在离合器322B接合时，所述轴346与电动机轴29一起旋转。齿轮342安装到曲轴306上并与曲轴306一起旋转。离合器322A在发动机14摇曲轴起动期间没有接合。
当发动机14运转，并且当预定操作条件被满足时，MPIM 316被构造成控制定子组件12以获得电动模式，在该模式下，电机10利用来自电池318的存储电功率向曲轴306增加扭矩。在所示实施方式中，电池318具有12V的标称电压。电动机10通过皮带驱动系308，且在离合器322A接合而离合器322B未接合的情况下增加扭矩。当发动机14运转并且其他预定操作条件被满足时，MPIM 316被构造成控制定子组件12内的功率流，以获得发电模式，在该发电模式下，且在离合器322A接合而离合器322B未接合的情况下，电机10将曲轴306的扭矩转变成电池318内存储的电功率。电机10作为发电机的操作减慢了曲轴306。
在图6中所示的应用中或在其他车辆动力总成应用中，电机10被构造成在预定输出功率和速度范围上获得至少80％的效率，如图8中所示。预定输出功率范围是1500至5000瓦，且预定速度范围是2500至8000rpm，并且具有至少18,000转每分钟的最大速度。参照图7，图表400在左侧竖直轴线402上示出以基础扭矩(pu)为单位的电机10的扭矩。在右侧竖直轴线404上示出以基础功率(pu)为单位的电机10的功率。在水平轴线406上示出以转每分钟(rpm)为单位的转子组件14的速度。电机10的几何形状被特别设计以满足的一些预定操作参数包括电动峰值扭矩需求408、电动功率需求410和发电功率需求412。理论上电机10可获得的电动扭矩414超过电动峰值扭矩需求408。理论上电机10可获得的电动功率416超过电动功率需求410。理论上电机10可获得的发电功率418的大小超过发电功率需求412。还示出了发电扭矩420，并且发电扭矩420至少延伸到18,000rpm的电机10的速度。
图8示出当在14V发电模式下操作时电机10的效率图500。在竖直轴线502上示出以基础功率(pu)为单位的电机10的功率。以rpm为单位的电机10的速度在水平轴线504上示出。电机10的不同操作效率的区域被示出为由虚线界定，包括：94％操作效率区506、92％操作效率区508、90％操作效率区510、88％操作效率区512、85％操作效率区514、80％操作效率区516、大约75％操作效率区518、大约65％操作效率区520、大约55％操作效率区522、大约45％操作效率区524、大约35％操作效率区526、大约25％操作效率区528、和大约15％操作效率区530。
图9示出当在12V电动模式下操作时电机10的效率的图600。以基础功率(pu)为单位的电机10的功率在竖直轴线602上示出。以rpm为单位的电机10的速度在水平轴线604上示出。电机10的不同操作效率的区域被示出由虚线界定，包括：92％操作效率区606、90％操作效率区608、88％操作效率区610、85％操作效率区612、80％操作效率区614、大约75％操作效率区616、大约70％操作效率区618、大约65％操作效率区620、大约60％操作效率区622、大约55％操作效率区624、大约50％操作效率区626、大约45％操作效率区628、以及大约40％操作效率区630。
图10是在三相短路事件期间，在远侧左竖直轴线702上的以rpm为单位的转子组件的旋转速度(rpm为单位)、在另一左侧竖直轴线704上的定子组件12的绕组34内的以基础电流(pu)为单位的相A电流、在右侧竖直轴线706上的以基础功率(pu)为单位的电机10的功率以及在水平轴线708上的以秒为单位的时间的图表700。通过将三相端子34连接到一起同时转子组件14以高速(如大于4000rpm)自由旋转(即，在电动机轴29上没有扭矩)而发生短路事件。转子组件14的所造成的速度由曲线710显示。相A的相电流由曲线712显示。电机10中的功率损失以曲线714显示。在图10中所示的示例性实施方式中，实际短路电流小于预定值，例如电机10的额定电流乘0.9。
虽然已经详细描述了实施本教导的多个方面的最佳模式，但是熟悉与这些教导相关的技术领域的人将认识到用于实践本教导的各种可替代方面，这些可替代方面在所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种电机，包括：
转子组件，所述转子组件具有转子芯部，该转子芯部被构造为支撑永磁铁，所述永久磁铁围绕所述转子芯部间隔开，以限定多个转子磁极；以及
其中，在每个转子磁极处，所述转子芯部具有多个转子狭槽，所述转子狭槽被布置为多个阻隔层。
2.如权利要求1所述的电机，其中，所述阻隔层彼此邻近地定位在所述转子芯部的内周边和转子芯部的外周边之间；
其中，所述阻隔层包括最靠近内周边的第一阻隔层，所述第一阻隔层具有多个节段；以及
所述永磁铁容纳在所述第一阻隔层的至少一些节段内。
3.如权利要求2所述的电机，其中，所述第一阻隔层的节段包括中心节段和第一及第二翼部节段，所述第一和第二翼部节段从所述中心节段的相对端部朝向所述外周边并且彼此背离地延伸。
4.如权利要求3所述的电机，其中，第一和第二翼部节段以及中心节段的每一个具有厚度，并且其中，翼部节段和中心节段中的每一个的厚度基本上相同。
5.如权利要求1所述的电机，其中，所述转子芯部包括中心轴支撑件和从所述中心轴支撑件径向向外延伸的多个辐射状部；以及
其中，所述多个辐射状部与所述转子磁极径向对齐。
6.如权利要求1所述的电机，还包括：
定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且在二者之间具有间隙；
其中，所述定子组件具有多个定子狭槽，所述多个定子狭槽围绕定子组件沿圆周间隔开并被构造为支撑定子绕组；以及
其中，所述定子狭槽的数量和所述转子磁极的数量的最小公倍数大于60。
7.如权利要求1所述的电机，还包括：
定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且在二者之间具有间隙；
其中所述定子组件具有多个定子狭槽，所述多个定子狭槽围绕定子组件沿圆周间隔开并被构造为支撑定子绕组；以及
其中所述定子狭槽的数量和所述转子磁极的数量的最大公约数为至少4。
8.一种电机，包括：
转子组件，所述转子组件具有转子芯部，所述转子芯部被构造为支撑围绕所述转子芯部间隔开的永磁铁，以限定多个转子磁极；
其中，所述转子芯部具有多个转子槽，所述多个转子槽布置为在转子芯部的内周边和转子芯部的外周边之间在每个转子磁极处的多个阻隔层；
其中，所述阻隔层包括最靠近所述内周边的第一阻隔层，所述第一阻隔层具有多个节段，包括中心节段和从所述中心节段的相对端部朝向所述外周边并且彼此背离地延伸的第一和第二翼部节段；
其中，每个翼部节段和中心节段的厚度在2.0mm和2.5mm之间；
定子组件，所述定子组件围绕所述转子组件且二者之间具有间隙；以及
其中，所述间隙不小于0.3mm且不大于0.5mm。
9.如权利要求8所述的电机，其中，所述定子组件具有多个轴向叠置的定子叠片。
10.如权利要求9所述的电机，其中，所述定子叠片的外直径与所述定子叠片的轴向长度的比不小于1.5且不大于4。
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