CN104977390A - Real human body breathing simulation device and method - Google Patents
Real human body breathing simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104977390A CN104977390A CN201510395954.1A CN201510395954A CN104977390A CN 104977390 A CN104977390 A CN 104977390A CN 201510395954 A CN201510395954 A CN 201510395954A CN 104977390 A CN104977390 A CN 104977390A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real human body breathing simulation device and method. The device comprises an exhaling pump, an inhaling pump and a heater system; a main body of the exhaling pump is a sealed gas cylinder, the interior of the gas cylinder is provided with a sealed piston, and the piston is connected with a rack through a bolt; a stepping motor outside the gas cylinder is in cooperative connection with the rack through a gear; a DSP controller is connected with a driver through a control line, and the driver is connected with the motor through a driving guide line; the other side of the gas cylinder is provided with two vent holes, and vent pipes of the two vent holes are connected with the gas cylinder through one-way valves respectively; the exhaling pump has the same structure as the inhaling pump while the tail end part of one vent pipe of the exhaling pump is provided with a heating element; a power supply is connected with the heating element by a time relay. Experimental errors brought by a conventional human body breathing device are overcome. The real response degree of experiment working conditions on real working conditions is improved, a pollution exposure level and a spreading rule of a human body breathing zone can be accurately reflected, and an important role is played for improving the building indoor air quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to important analogue means and the method for research architecture indoor man body pollution thing exposure level and the propagation of aspiration contamination thing, belong to IAQ (indoor air quality) and dispersion of pollutants field.
Background technology
The time of modern about 90% is all spent in architecture indoor, and good indoor environment can make people feel energetic, and healthy, work efficiency is high.But the most in the last thirty years, there is problem in many national IAQ (indoor air quality) in the world, and a lot of people complains that air quality is inferior.Room air pollution can cause following three kinds of diseases: Cure of Sick Building Syndrome, disease, the number of chemical pollutant allergy relevant with building.In addition, inferior IAQ (indoor air quality) also can cause asthma even cancer.
Compared with developed countries, China's indoor air quality issues even more serious and source very wide.Its origin and feature: the use of (1) a large amount of building and ornament materials, distribute number of chemical pollutant, as formaldehyde, the organic volatile such as stupid; (2) outdoor air pollution is serious, and research shows that indoor pollutant and outdoor pollutant exist positive correlation, and I/O ratio, close to 1, is even greater than 1; (3) air borne of infectious disease, communicable disease takes place frequently in recent years, as SARS in 2003,2009 years H1NI; (4) China is tobacco leaf production maximum in the world and country of consumption at present, produces corresponding air pollution thereupon.
For building good IAQ (indoor air quality) environment, tackle various possible pollution, the experimental study carrying out the propagation of indoor environmental pollution thing is absolutely necessary.The main body of indoor environment is people, and human body is the acceptor of dispersion of pollutants on the one hand, and human body also may be pollution source on the other hand; In addition because human-body radiating can have an impact to Indoor Flow Field and pollution spread, so the indispensable human body of experimentation.But from safety, healthy angle, it is infeasible that real human body carries out experiment, therefore need the breathing equipment developing a kind of energy Reality simulation human body respiration function.At present mostly function is more complicated for the external dummy model used, and due to cost very high, the unable purchase of general academic institution.
Current domestic many research aspiration contaminations are propagated and mostly be have ignored human body respiration feature, during pollutant distribution as domestic scholars research different gestures and different breathing pattern in ward, have ignored the feature of human body respiration, replace human body respiration process [1] with a simple device; In domestic scholars research aircraft passenger cabin, personnel's aspiration contamination thing propagation law also adopts same easy device [2] in addition.This device is a spherical source of release, and release rate is constant and very little, equably to surrounding release pollutant.Its major defect: the transient behavior 1) ignoring human body respiration process, also have ignored the directivity 2 of breathing jet simultaneously) do not embody the process of human body air-breathing.Current domestic basic seldom employing Reality simulation human body respiration process breathing equipment, when foreign scholar [3] points out to adopt constant breathing border research dispersion of pollutants by CFD sunykatuib analysis, can produce in human body microenvironment and compare big error, therefore be necessary very much to develop a kind of device that can imitate human normal respiratory, particularly under the situation that Current air pollution is serious.
List of references:
[1]Yin Y,Gupta JK,Zhang X,Liu J,Chen Q.Distributions of respiratory contaminants from apatient with different postures and exhaling modes in a single-bed inpatient room.Building andenvironment.2011；46:75-81.
[2]Li F,Liu J,Pei J,Lin CH,Chen Q.Experimental study of gaseous and particulate contaminantsdistribution in an aircraft cabin.Atmospheric Environment.2014；85:223–33.
[3]Villafruela JM,Olmedo I,Ruiz de Adana M,Méndez C,Nielsen PV.CFD analysis of the humanexhalation flow using different boundary conditions and ventilation strategies.Building andEnvironment.2013；62:191-200.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to breathing equipment and the method for developing a kind of energy Reality simulation human body respiration process, for studying architecture indoor man body pollution thing exposure level, and the propagation etc. of human body respiration pollutant.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of breathing equipment of energy Reality simulation human body respiration process; Comprise expiration pump, asepwirator pump and heater system; The main body of asepwirator pump is the cylinder of a sealing, and cylinder interior fills Packed piston, and piston and tooth bar are bolted; Outside cylinder, stepper motor is connected by wheel and rack; Dsp controller connects driver by control line, and driver is connected by driving wire with motor; The opposite side of cylinder has two air holes, and the snorkel of two air holes connects cylinder respectively by retaining valve; Expiration pump is identical with asepwirator pump structure, and just in snorkel distal portion, heating element is being housed, power supply is connected with heating element by the time relay.
The method adopting unit simulation real human body of the present invention to breathe, utilizes closed cylinder to simulate artificial lung, the to-and-fro movement simulation respiratory of piston.
Utilize dsp controller control step electric machine rotation rule, stepper motor is coordinated for piston provides power by gear and tooth bar, and ensures that piston movement rule is sine function.
Cylinder air hole is introduced for controlling tracer gas to, bleed hole by retaining valve control flow check, and venthole is connected to nostril; The bleed hole of asepwirator pump is connected to nostril, and venthole is connected to gas analyzer, forms for analytical gas.
Utilize well heater to control its working hour by the time relay, heating expiration gas, keeps temperature on average 34 DEG C.
Motor movement rule in the programmed control expiration pump compiled and edit by computing machine and asepwirator pump, synchronous averaging, remains that rotation direction is contrary; By line lock device control heater and expiration pump work time synchronized.
Be described as follows:
(1) in order to the Respiratory behavior of actual response human body more, first determine the features such as real human body Respiratory flow, through investigation document, American scholar measures human body respiration process flow and the time meets sinusoidal variations rule; In indoor environment, characteristics of contaminated respiratory droplets gas temperature is at 32-36 DEG C.According to the situation of investigation, Chinese visible human crowd young-normal sample is selected to design, according to the respiratory capacity (0.46L/ time) selecting sample determination single breath process, respiratory rate (15 times/min).
(2) cylinder of sealing is adopted to imitate human lung's function.Cylinder built with piston, piston by external driven by motor, according to certain rule to-and-fro movement, two processes of simulated respiration; The cylinder of sealing installs two blow vents, and two air holes are connected with retaining valve respectively.Two retaining valves control the airflow direction of two air holes, and respectively as air admission hole and vent port, when reciprocating motion of the pistons only has a retaining valve to be held open state, another keeps closed condition.Select stepper motor, by DSP card control driver, adopt segmentation mode to control motor.
(3) two plastic tubes are connected with two retaining valves respectively, wherein one (being connected with vent port) be connected to the breathing end of dummy, another one and environment facies with, this complete equipment is as expiration pump; Identical other a set of equipment, as asepwirator pump, wherein one (being connected with air admission hole) be connected to the breathing end of dummy, another root is connected in environment.In the gas exhaust piping of expiration pump, in the pipeline section closed on mutually with human body respiration end, be equipped with heating element, control working time adjustment by the time relay and add heat.
(4) equipment set assembling complete after, the relation between the flow of breathing equipment and throw of poston is demarcated by volumetric displacement meter, by the time cycle characteristic of hot-wire anemometer caliberating device, first the velocity of discharge change curve of hot-wire anemometer to device of speed sampling very high frequency is adopted to measure, then the peak flow of volume flow controllers obtaining means is adopted, then integration calculates to obtain the flow of device, thus obtains the relation between throw of poston and flow further.
(5) according to relational expression setting throw of poston obtained in the previous step, compile and edit motor movement program, meet the requirement of respiratory rate and throw of poston.Measure expiration pump and air-breathing pump performance characteristic, reach and meet the requirement of design conditions down-off.
(6) according to respiratory flow, design expired gas temperature and ambient air temperature, control heating element, whether the gas temperature then measuring expiration transport pump further meets the demands.
In device assembling and after demarcating, the work schedule of reasonable arrangement expiration pump, asepwirator pump and well heater.First expiration pump work completes exhalation process, and well heater guarantee of work expired gas temperature reaches the temperature 34 DEG C of real human body simultaneously.Then asepwirator pump work, completes air-breathing work, and now well heater, breathe air pump inoperative.Such circulation, completes Reality simulation human body respiration process.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages:
This complete equipment energy Reality simulation human body respiration feature, the respiratory rate of real human body can be met, and respiratory flow meets sinusoidal rule, such mode that can replace original constant flow, react human body respiration process more really, thus human body suction air event can be reacted really, the pollutant exposure level in reaction human body respiration district; Also human body respiration dispersion of pollutants rule can be reacted more really in addition.
Generally, by this method, overcome the experimental error using original human body respiration device to bring.Improve the actual response degree of experiment condition to real working condition, human body respiration district Pollution exposure level can accurately be reacted, and the propagation law of human body respiration pollutant, for solving architecture indoor dispersion of pollutants problem, improving architecture indoor air quality and playing a significant role.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 velocity of discharge measurement result;
Fig. 3 outlet temperature measurements;
Fig. 4 invention process flow diagram.
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.As shown in Figure 1, device is made up of exhale pump and asepwirator pump, and wherein two complete equipment principles of construction are substantially identical, just in expiration pump, are furnished with bringing-up section, can control the temperature of exhaling like this.The main body of asepwirator pump is the cylinder of a sealing, and cylinder interior fills Packed piston, and piston and tooth bar are bolted; Outside cylinder, stepper motor is connected by wheel and rack; Dsp controller connects driver by control line, and driver is connected by driving wire with motor; The opposite side of cylinder has two air holes, and the snorkel of two air holes connects cylinder respectively by retaining valve; Expiration pump is identical with asepwirator pump structure, and just in snorkel distal portion, heating element is being housed, power supply is connected with heating element by the time relay.
The functional realiey of expiration pump
The cylinder of sealing, inside have piston, piston is fixedly connected with tooth bar, and tooth bar and motor are coordinated by gear; Sealing cylinder opposite side has two air holes, and air hole all has connection retaining valve, thus forms A/B two pipelines, and be air inlet pipeline by retaining valve control A pipeline, B pipeline is gas exhaust piping.B pipeline is connected to human body nostril, plays the effect of expiration, in the part near nostril, heating element is housed simultaneously.
1. the function mode of motor.Stepper motor selected by motor, is furnished with original-pack driver, selects DSP development board control and drive system, and then controls motor movement.It is equal with reversing time that motor rotates forward the time, is also equal with design expiratory duration.Piston keeps sinusoidal motion under the drive of motor.
2. retaining valve is to the effect of air hole.When motor rotates forward, piston follows outside motion, and the retaining valve in pipeline A is opened, and the retaining valve in pipeline B closes, and now cylinder is by pipeline A air inlet; When motor reversal, piston follows inside motion, and the retaining valve in pipeline B is opened, and the retaining valve in pipeline A closes, and now cylinder is vented by pipeline B.
3. the temperature of exhalation vents.According to the breathing temperature of setting, select power adjustable microheater.High frequency heat galvanic couple (20Hz) is adopted to gather the relation P=k (t-t of heating power and outlet temperature
a).Change in one-period as Fig. 3 illustrates outlet temperature, 34 DEG C can be reached in exhalation process outlet medial temperature.
The functional realiey of asepwirator pump
The cylinder of sealing, inside have piston, piston is fixedly connected with tooth bar, and tooth bar and motor are coordinated by gear; Sealing cylinder opposite side has two air holes, and air hole all has connection retaining valve, thus forms C/D two pipelines, and be air inlet pipeline by retaining valve control C pipeline, D pipeline is gas exhaust piping.C pipeline is connected to human body nostril, plays the effect of air-breathing.
1. the function mode of motor.Stepper motor selected by motor, is furnished with original-pack driver, selects DSP development board control and drive system, and then controls motor movement.It is equal with reversing time that motor rotates forward the time, is also equal with design inspiratory duration.Piston keeps sinusoidal motion under the drive of motor.
2. retaining valve is to the effect of air hole.When motor rotates forward, piston is followed and is moved inwards, and the retaining valve in pipeline D is opened, and the retaining valve in pipeline C closes, and now cylinder is given vent to anger by pipeline D; When motor reversal, piston follows outside motion, and the retaining valve in pipeline C is opened, and the retaining valve in pipeline D closes, and now cylinder is by pipeline C air-breathing.
The demarcation in device flow and cycle.
Because the flow of device outlet is the relation of transition in time, therefore does not carry out flow calibration by constant flowmeter to it, the demarcation of speed and maximum flow is adopted to carry out the demarcation of device herein.First the hot-wire anemometer (the maximum 100kHz of reaching of sample frequency) of speed sampling very high frequency is adopted to measure the velocity of discharge change curve of device, as shown in Figure 2, velocity of discharge fitting function is sine function (y=3.97sin (1.57t)), variance is 0.97, and degree of fitting is very high.Then adopt the peak flow of volume flow controllers obtaining means, then integration calculates to obtain the flow of device, thus obtains the relation Q=π dL (d is diameter, and L is throw of poston) between throw of poston and flow further.
Complete the design of whole expiration pump and asepwirator pump part like this.Pipeline B and C simulates human body respiration process.Wherein pipeline A/D also has its existence effect.Pipeline A can as the intake of tracer gas; Pipeline D can as the detection sucking air.
Breathing simulation to realize real human body, setting forth the function of how implement device below, first determining the respiratory capacity of real human body, respiratory rate.This paper for standard, is chosen as the respiratory capacity (0.46L/ time) of single breath process, respiratory rate (15 times/min) with Chinese adult average level, setting expired gas temperature 34 DEG C.Fig. 4 illustrates the control chart of device.Respiratory cycle can be determined according to expiration frequency, respiratory capacity obtains throw of poston, programmed by computer CCStudio v3.3 software, the characteristics of motion of motor is controlled by dsp controller, output rotating rule is 120sin (1.57t) r/min, rotate forward 2s, reversion 2s, expiration pump and asepwirator pump direction of motor rotation keep contrary. and the setting-up time relay cycle is 2s simultaneously, control exhalation process electric power starting, breathing process power-off, well heater operation setup heater power is 5W.Synchronously opened by line lock switch control rule respiratory pump, asepwirator pump, the time relay.Such expiration pump completes exhalation process, and heating is opened simultaneously, heating breath.After expiration terminates, the time relay is closed, and well heater stops heating, and asepwirator pump starts air-breathing, completes breathing process.Complete a respiratory like this.Then this process is repeated.Expiration pump A is from trace gas source bleed in this process, and the D of asepwirator pump is transported to gas analyzer and may be used for pollutant monitoring etc.
A kind of Reality simulation human body respiration device and method that the present invention discloses and proposes, those skilled in the art are by using for reference present disclosure, the links such as suitable change structure route realize, although method of the present invention and technology of preparing are described by preferred embodiment, person skilled obviously can change Method and Technology route as herein described or reconfigure not departing from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes final technology of preparing.Special needs to be pointed out is, all similar replacements and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they are deemed to be included in spirit of the present invention, scope and content.
Claims (6)
1. the breathing equipment of an energy Reality simulation human body respiration process; It is characterized in that comprising expiration pump, asepwirator pump and heater system; The main body of asepwirator pump is the cylinder of a sealing, and cylinder interior fills Packed piston, and piston and tooth bar are bolted; Outside cylinder, stepper motor is connected by wheel and rack; Dsp controller connects driver by control line, and driver is connected by driving wire with motor; The opposite side of cylinder has two air holes, and the snorkel of two air holes connects cylinder respectively by retaining valve; Expiration pump is identical with asepwirator pump structure, and just in snorkel distal portion, heating element is being housed, power supply is connected with heating element by the time relay.
2. the method adopting the unit simulation real human body of claim 1 to breathe, is characterized in that closed cylinder simulation artificial lung, the to-and-fro movement simulation respiratory of piston.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that dsp controller control step electric machine rotation rule, and stepper motor is coordinated for piston provides power by gear and tooth bar, and ensures that piston movement rule is sine function.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that cylinder air hole by retaining valve control flow check to, bleed hole is introduced for controlling tracer gas, and venthole is connected to nostril; The bleed hole of asepwirator pump is connected to nostril, and venthole is connected to gas analyzer, forms for analytical gas.
5. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that well heater controls its working hour by the time relay, and heating expiration gas, keeps temperature on average 34 DEG C.
6. method as claimed in claim 2, the motor movement rule in the programmed control expiration pump compiled and edit by computing machine and asepwirator pump, synchronous averaging, remains that rotation direction is contrary; By line lock device control heater and expiration pump work time synchronized.
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| CN105894933A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 镇江市第四人民医院 | Multifunctional airflow cabin simulating human respiratory system |
| CN106023756A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 天津大学 | Apparatus simulating coughing of real human being |
| CN108133653A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-08 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of human body pulmonary gas exchange analogy method and device |
| CN109100168A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-28 | 抚顺抚运安仪救生装备有限公司 | Air respiratorresuscitator fire-resistance flame phagocytosis test instruction carriage |
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| CN110811577A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 长春大学 | Human respiratory system's analogue means |
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| CN110975950A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Micro-fluidic alveolus chip and alveolus respiration simulation device |
| CN111595609A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-08-28 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Respiratory rhythm generating device, detection system with same and detection method |
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| CN113920838A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electronic active lung simulation system |
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| CN105894933A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-24 | 镇江市第四人民医院 | Multifunctional airflow cabin simulating human respiratory system |
| CN105894933B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-02-19 | 镇江市第四人民医院 | A kind of multifunctional air current cabin for simulating human respiratory |
| CN106023756A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-12 | 天津大学 | Apparatus simulating coughing of real human being |
| CN106023756B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-08-03 | 天津大学 | A kind of device of simulation real human body cough |
| CN108133653A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-08 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of human body pulmonary gas exchange analogy method and device |
| CN108133653B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-01-03 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Human lung gas exchange simulation method and device |
| CN110058054A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-26 | 张晨光 | A kind of calibrating installation and method of respiration measurement equipment |
| WO2020047763A1 (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-12 | 天津天堰科技股份有限公司 | Breathing simulator, medical human body simulator and method for simulating breathing scenario |
| CN109100168A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-28 | 抚顺抚运安仪救生装备有限公司 | Air respiratorresuscitator fire-resistance flame phagocytosis test instruction carriage |
| CN109100168B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2023-12-05 | 抚顺抚运安仪救生装备有限公司 | Test vehicle for flame-resistant phagocytosis test of air respirator |
| CN109091147A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-28 | 赖飞 | A kind of respiration simulator for cardiopulmonary exercise functional test |
| CN109091147B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-06-08 | 赖飞 | A breath simulator for cardiopulmonary exercise function test |
| CN109166438A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-08 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of breathing thermal manikin and its operating method sucking exposure detection for particulate pollutant human body |
| CN109406228A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-03-01 | 西藏净源科技有限公司 | A kind of dust collector that sampling accuracy is high |
| CN109406228B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2024-04-09 | 西藏净源科技有限公司 | Dust collector that sampling accuracy is high |
| CN110514384A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-29 | 苏州新劢德医药工程仿真技术有限公司 | A kind of test method and equipment improving in vitro correlation in sucking preparation body |
| CN110514384B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2023-11-24 | 苏州新劢德医疗器械科技有限公司 | Test method and equipment for improving in-vivo and in-vitro correlation of inhalation preparation |
| CN110975950A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Micro-fluidic alveolus chip and alveolus respiration simulation device |
| CN110811577A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 长春大学 | Human respiratory system's analogue means |
| CN110811577B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-08-09 | 长春大学 | Human respiratory system's analogue means |
| CN111595609A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-08-28 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Respiratory rhythm generating device, detection system with same and detection method |
| CN112835386A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 中南大学 | Controllable bionical gaseous flow control device of aerosol concentration |
| CN113920838B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-10-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electronic active simulation lung |
| CN113920838A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electronic active lung simulation system |
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