CN104966276B - A kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content, comprises the following steps:First, original image or video are inputted and is sampled in feature space;2nd, calculate the k nearest neighbor of each sample and set up part and completely abut against figure, calculate the distance between adjacent sample;3rd, according to conformal projection rule, it is combined with sparse expression method, dictionary of the study with conformal property;4th, original image or video are reconstructed using this dictionary.The present invention maintains the angle information between adjacent sample, obtains the stronger dictionary of ability to express to greatest extent by introducing conformal projection rule.Meanwhile, conformal projection promotes adjacent sample to be reconstructed with similar dictionary, makes dictionary more concision and compact.It has broad application prospects in image procossing, computer vision and augmented reality field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to image procossing, computer vision and augmented reality field, specifically a kind of image is regarded
The conformal projection sparse expression method of frequency scene content.
Background technology
In the last few years, sparse expression and dictionary learning technology had largely been paid close attention to as a study hotspot, and extensively
Applied to image procossing and computer vision field, such as image super-resolution, image denoising, classification and color editor.It is dilute
Thin expression technology is to reconstruct the linear combination of sample in the used complete dictionary of signal, and limit the number of reconstructed sample with up to
To sparse property.
At present, many researchers are directed to the research of sparse expression method, and dictionary rises in sparse expression technology
To very important effect.Michal Aharon et al. proposed K-SVD dictionary learnings method in 2006 and applied to image
Processing.Honglak Lee et al. proposed a kind of rapid sparse coding method in 2006, accelerated solving speed.Mairal
Et al. the online dictionary learning method that was proposed in 2009 based on stochastic approximation, this method can effectively handle large data sets.
The method for solving and operational efficiency that focus on sparse expression of these methods.These methods are absorbed in the re-configurability of dictionary,
But it need to rely on substantial amounts of training sample.Also, the dictionary number of these methods needs manual set, it is impossible to which adjust automatically is big
It is small, so as to get dictionary redundancy.Other sparse expression methods obtain certain achievement in terms of the tight ness rating and expressivity of dictionary.
For example, the action attributes dictionary learning method that Qiu et al. was proposed based on maximum mutual information in 2011;Siyahjani et al.
Context-aware dictionary was proposed in 2013 and for the identification and positioning of image object.These dictionary learning methods are added
Otherness between classification, but the local relation in data space and contextual information are not accounted for, cause the expression energy of dictionary
Power is low.And some researchs show, the partial structurtes relation between data inside is kept to strengthen fidelity in data reconstruction
Degree, it is to avoid the occurrence of distortion.
Sparse expression technology is increasingly being applied to image procossing and computer vision field.For example, Elad et al. will
K-SVD methods are used for image denoising;Yang et al. was proposed with sparse expression method in 2010 while learning high-resolution
With the method for two dictionaries of low resolution, and for image super-resolution;Chen et al. proposed to utilize sparse expression in 2014
Technology enters the theory of edlin propagation, can handle the image/video of ultrahigh resolution and greatly reduce calculating internal memory.In addition,
Sparse expression technology can also be applied in terms of recognition of face, image recovery, image classification.And the processing procedure of above-mentioned application
In, the higher result of generation eye fidelity is still the emphasis of sparse expression technical research.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of conformal projection of image/video scene content
Sparse expression method, this method maintains the local angle letter between adjacent sample by introducing conformal projection, to greatest extent
Breath, and obtain the stronger dictionary of ability to express.Meanwhile, conformal projection promotes adjacent sample to be reconstructed with similar dictionary, makes
Dictionary more concision and compact.Finally, the reconstruction result after picture editting is made preferably to keep original partial structurtes, enhancing generation knot
The visual effect and the sense of reality of fruit.
To complete goal of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content of the present invention, it is comprised the following steps that:
Step one:Input original image or video are simultaneously sampled in feature space;
Step 2:In feature space, calculate the k nearest neighbor of each sample and set up it is local completely abut against figure, then calculate
The distance between adjacent sample;
Step 3:According to conformal projection rule, it is combined with sparse expression method, word of the study with conformal property
Allusion quotation;
Step 4:For concrete application, original image or video are reconstructed using this dictionary, result is obtained.
Wherein, " locally completely abutting against figure " described in step 2, refers to be constituted for certain sample and its k nearest neighbor
Set in, be connected between any two sample.
Wherein, " the conformal projection rule " described in step 3, is a kind of manifold learning, is specifically described as:Give
Feature space M is determined to another feature space N mapping g:M → N, (xi,xj,xk) it is adjacent sample point in feature space M and structure
Triangularity, (αi,αj,αk) it is mapping of these sample points in feature space N.Needed to meet according to conformal projection rule:
Wherein, NiRepresent sample xiK nearest neighbor set, siRepresent the change of scale of mapping.
Wherein, dictionary of the study with conformal property is combined with sparse expression method described in step 3, specifically
Step is:Conformal projection rule is combined with sparse expression algorithm, following energy theorem is obtained:
Wherein, x is input sample feature, and D is characterized dictionary, and α is reconstruction coefficients, λ1、λ2For weight coefficient, pass through iteration
This energy theorem of algorithmic minimizing, finally tries to achieve the dictionary D with conformal property.
Wherein, the method can apply to the video images such as image super-resolution, video image color editor, image denoising
Editor's application.
Compared with prior art, the characteristics of its is beneficial is the present invention:
1st, in sparse expression technical foundation, by introducing conformal projection rule, adjacent sample is maintained to greatest extent
Between local angle information, obtain the stronger dictionary of ability to express;By conformal projection, promote adjacent sample with similar word
Allusion quotation is reconstructed, and makes dictionary more concision and compact.
2nd, the more succinct and stronger dictionary of ability to express is benefited from, the present invention makes the reconstruction result after picture editting more
Original partial structurtes, the visual effect and the sense of reality of enhancing generation result are kept well.
3rd, method proposed by the present invention can apply to many fields and effect is notable, including:Image super-resolution, video
Color of image editor, image denoising etc..
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method for the invention flow chart;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the dictionary learning total algorithm flow chart of the present invention;
Symbol description is as follows in figure:
D:The dictionary learnt under particular feature space;
A:Reconstruction coefficients;
S:Change of scale coefficient;
xi,xj,xk:The sample characteristics of the sample point of input, i.e. image/video;
αi,αj,αk:It is mapped to the sample point in another space, i.e., sparse reconstruction coefficients.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to the present invention's
Method is explained in detail explanation.It should be appreciated that instantiation described herein is not used to limit only to explain the present invention
The fixed present invention.
The present invention proposes a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content, and the method is protected by introducing
Angle mapping ruler, maintains the local angle information between adjacent sample to greatest extent, obtains more succinct and expresses energy
The stronger dictionary of power;The dictionary generated using the method carries out video image editor, and its reconstruction result can preferably keep original
Partial structurtes, the visual effect and the sense of reality of enhancing generation result.Meanwhile, three typical case's applications are applied this method to, including
Image super-resolution, video image color editor, image denoising.
A kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content of the present invention, flow are as shown in figure 1, specific real
Apply mode as follows:
Step one:Input original image or video are simultaneously sampled in feature space.
The original image or video of input are sampled, input sample collection X is obtained.Chosen according to no application demand
Different feature spaces.For example, for image super-resolution application, image is transformed into Ycbcr colors sky from RGB color
Between, the luminance channel Y of image is sampled in patch ranks.For color editor application, to RGB in pixel scale
Color characteristic is sampled;For image denoising application, gray feature or RGB color feature are adopted in patch ranks
Sample.
Step 2:In feature space, calculate the k nearest neighbor of each sample and set up it is local completely abut against figure, then calculate
The distance between adjacent sample.
Calculate each sample x in feature space with Kd-tree methods firstiK nearest neighbor, used during calculating European
Distance, in sample xiAnd its in the set of K neighbour's sample composition, connection each two sample constitutes part and completely abuts against figure;
The Euclidean distance between connection sample is calculated in feature space.
Step 3:According to conformal projection rule, it is combined with sparse expression method, word of the study with conformal property
Allusion quotation.
Given input sample collection X=[x1,x2,…,xN], using sparse expression method, can in the hope of excessively complete dictionary D, with
And reconstruction coefficients α:
In order to improve the performance of sparse expression method, invention introduces the partial structurtes information of input data, above-mentioned
Conformal f (α) is added on the basis of formula.
Conformal projection has proven to that manifold learning effect can be improved in manifold learning field.Specific method is:
Given feature space M to another feature space N mapping g:M → N, (xi,xj,xk) be adjacent sample point in feature space M simultaneously
It is triangle, (αi,αj,αk) it is mapping of these sample points in feature space N, as shown in Figure 2.Advised according to conformal projection
Then need to meet:
Wherein, NiRepresent sample xiK nearest neighbor set, siRepresent the change of scale after mapping.
Then, conformal projection rule is combined with sparse expression algorithm, obtains following energy theorem:
Wherein, x is input sample feature, and D is characterized dictionary, and α is reconstruction coefficients, λ1、λ2For weight coefficient.Pass through iteration
This energy theorem of algorithmic minimizing, finally tries to achieve the dictionary D with conformal property.
Above-mentioned formula has three unknown variables (D, α, S), and wherein D is dictionary to be asked, and α is sparse reconstruction coefficients, and S is chi
Degree conversion.Therefore the present invention is broken down into three subproblems:Sparse coding, dictionary updating, yardstick updates.In each subproblem
During solution, only optimize a variable and fixed other two variables.This three continuous loop iterations of step are until obtaining optimal solution.
Firstly, it is necessary to which initializing variable D and S value are random matrix.In the sparse coding stage, fixed D and S value is led to
Cross equation below and solve factor alpha:
Herein, the present invention solves this formula using iterative projection method.
Then, in the dictionary updating stage, fix α and S value to solve D, solution formula is:
Here each single item d in dictionary is requiredjFor unit vector, that is, meetThis formula is asked for quadratic programming
Topic, each single item in dictionary can be updated item by item.
Finally, in the yardstick more new stage, fix D and α to solve S, solution formula is:
Notice each s in above-mentioned formulaiAll it is independent, therefore can be respectively solved by least square method.Ask
Solution method is:
By the continuous iteration optimization of this three processes, optimal solution is finally tried to achieve.Algorithm flow chart is shown in Fig. 3.
Step 4:Original image or video are reconstructed using this dictionary, result is obtained.
The present invention provides three kinds of different applications to verify the performance of the method, including image super-resolution, video image
Color editor, image denoising.
Image super-resolution application be by the Image Reconstruction of low resolution be high-resolution image.Initially set up one a pair
The high-definition picture answered and low-resolution image storehouse, using above-mentioned dictionary learning method simultaneously from two dictionaries of storehouse learning.
When the image of one low resolution of input, it is reconstructed using low-resolution dictionary and tries to achieve coefficient, then usage factor and height
Resolution ratio dictionary reconstructs corresponding high-definition picture.
Video image color editor application is the colouring information for changing video image by interactive mode.Inputted video image
Afterwards, learn its color dictionary first, when user is by paintbrush marker color on image object, corresponding color in dictionary
The color of user's mark can be changed into, while this change can travel to whole video image, final color edited result is obtained.
Image denoising application is to filter out the Gaussian noise on image.An image with noise is inputted, 8*8 is gathered first
The image block of size, and learn as data dictionary.Then match tracing method reconstructed image is utilized, noise filtering is obtained
Image afterwards.
The dictionary tried to achieve using the present invention has good presentation skills and re-configurability, while dictionary is also more succinct.
By relatively can prove that this point with conventional method.Such as traditional dictionary learning method K-SVD, the dictionary size tried to achieve is
256, the present invention can be reduced to 205, and ability to express is stronger.Can by the coefficient correlation of dictionary internal come
The ability to express of this dictionary is represented, the smaller ability to express of coefficient is stronger.The phase relation for the dictionary that traditional sparse expression method is tried to achieve
Number is 0.8817, and present invention introduces conformal projection after, coefficient correlation is reduced to 0.8477, illustrate that the present invention learns obtained word
Allusion quotation has stronger learning ability.
Some basic explanations of the present invention are the foregoing is only, any equivalent change done according to technical scheme
Change, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) original image or video are inputted and is sampled in feature space;
(2) in feature space, calculate the k nearest neighbor of each sample and set up it is local completely abut against figure, then calculate adjacent sample
The distance between;
(3) according to conformal projection rule, it is combined with sparse expression method, dictionary of the study with conformal property;
(4) original image or video are reconstructed using this dictionary, obtain result;
Conformal projection rule described in step (3), is a kind of manifold learning, is specifically described as:Given feature space M
To another feature space N mapping g:M → N, (xi,xj,xk) it is adjacent sample point in feature space M and triangle,
(αi,αj,αk) it is mapping of these sample points in feature space N;Needed to meet according to conformal projection rule:
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Wherein, NiRepresent sample xiK nearest neighbor set, siRepresent the change of scale of mapping.
2. a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content according to claim 1, its feature exists
In:Part described in step (2) completely abuts against figure, refers in the set that is constituted for certain sample and its k nearest neighbor, arbitrarily
It is connected between two samples.
3. a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content according to claim 1, its feature exists
In:Dictionary of the study with conformal property is combined with sparse expression method described in step (3), is concretely comprised the following steps:Will
Conformal projection rule is combined with sparse expression algorithm, obtains following energy theorem:
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Wherein, x is (xi,xj,xk), it is input sample feature, D is characterized dictionary, and α is (αi,αj,αk), it is reconstruction coefficients, λ1、λ2
For weight coefficient, this energy theorem is minimized by iterative algorithm, dictionary D, s with conformal property is finally tried to achievei:Mapping
Change of scale, S is all siSet.
4. a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content according to claim 1, its feature exists
In:Methods described is applied applied to video image editor, including image super-resolution, video image color editor, image denoising.
5. a kind of conformal projection sparse expression method of image/video scene content according to claim 1, its feature exists
In:By introducing conformal projection rule, the local angle information between adjacent sample is maintained to greatest extent, obtains expressing energy
The stronger dictionary of power;Meanwhile, conformal projection promotes adjacent sample to be reconstructed with similar dictionary, makes dictionary more succinct tight
Gather.
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