CN104957373A - Method for reducing heavy metal emission in livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents
Method for reducing heavy metal emission in livestock and poultry manure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing heavy metal emission in livestock and poultry manure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, producing a mixed feed additive comprising microorganisms, a trace element namely zinc and a carrier, wherein the microorganisms comprise four or five of aspergillus niger, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and lactobacillus plantarum; mixing the mixed feed additive with crushed coarse feed raw materials of which the particle granularity is 0.4-0.7mm, crushed protein feed raw materials, crushed energy feed raw materials, vitamins and mineral elements so as to obtain a complete formula dry powder feed; adding water in the complete formula dry powder feed till the water content is 40-50%; performing anaerobic fermentation under indoor temperature for 3-5 days; and feeding the fermented feed to livestock and poultry in a wet feeding manner. Through the adoption of the method disclosed by the invention, the utilization ratios of copper, iron, zinc and manganese in the feed raw materials are increased; trace elements of copper, manganese and iron do not need to be added in feeds for living pigs, so that the possibility that pigs suffer from the disease of gastric ulcer can be reduced; besides, the palatability of feeds can be improved; when the production performance of animals is improved, the heavy metal emission in manure is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method reducing heavy metals emission in feces of livestock and poultry, belong to technical field of animal husbandry.
Background technology
Feces of livestock and poultry has become one of important sources of farmland soil heavy metals pollution.Along with the fast development of China's large-scale cultivation industry, in animal dung, the heavy metal noxious pollutant such as copper, zinc, arsenic increases gradually, becomes the critical limiting factor affecting agricultural land soil healthy functions.Zhang Shuqing (2004) finds that in some pig manures, copper content reaches 1591mg/kg, and zinc reaches 8710mg/kg, is the standard of 1000mg/kg considerably beyond the most high-load 500mg/kg of excrement composting heavy metal harmless treatment copper, Zn content.The heavy metal exceeded standard in ight soil not only contaminated soil, and through food chain enrichment in plant, affect food security and the life and health of the mankind, and cause the further deterioration of air and water environment further.
Generally believe that feed is the source of feces of livestock and poultry heavy metal pollution at present.Prior art comprises the Animal nutrition standard of China, NRC trophic level just defines the highest permission additive capacity of the heavy metal such as copper, zinc feed from animal organism safe angle, does not consider environmental protection effect.In China's pig trophic level (NY/T65-2004), regulation body weight 35-60kg, the requirement of 60-90kg pig to Feed Copper, iron, zinc, manganese are respectively 4.00mg/kg, 60mg/kg, 60mg/kg 3.50mg/kg, 3.5mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 2.00mg/kg.In actual production, in pig feed, the addition of copper, iron, manganese, zinc is far away higher than the trophic level requirement of pig, and the addition of copper, iron, manganese, zinc is usually all more than 100mg/kg.The reason that excess is added, one, theory think copper in the feedstuff such as corn, dregs of beans, iron, manganese, zinc content trace and utilization rate is low, the needs of animal can not be met, need additionally in feed to add heavy dose of trace element such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc.Theory thinks that the content of copper in the raw material such as corn, dregs of beans, iron, manganese, zinc is for trace, and in raw material, the content of copper, iron, manganese, zinc is negligible.Copper in addition in raw material, iron, zinc, manganese are included in seed, and when feed dry mash is fed, animal is difficult to digestibility and utilization, and the utilization rate of such as iron is less than 3.0%, and the utilization rate of manganese is lower than 7%.Pulverized by feedstuff, can destroy seed structure, can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen in feed, phosphorus, copper, zinc etc., but the meticulous feed palatability that easily causes of fodder crushing be poor, animal coughs and easily suffers from digestive tract ulcer.The granularity that general feeds is pulverized is 0.8-1.5 millimeter.Its two, in order to improve the production performance of animal, need heavy dose additionally to add the trace mineral supplements such as copper, iron, manganese, zinc.The zinc oxide of the copper sulphate or 2000mg/kg that such as, add 250mg/kg in feed can reduce the diarrhoea of piglet, promotes the growth of pig.The interpolation of the trace element such as high doses of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, considerably beyond the nutritional need of pig, result in the pollution of heavy metal in ight soil.
How can meet pig nutritional need, promote pig growth while, reduce the discharge of heavy metal in ight soil again, reduce the generation of digestive tract ulcer, reduce muck heavy metal pollution, still there is no good scheme at present.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the invention provides a kind of method reducing heavy metals emission in feces of livestock and poultry.This invention adopts the mixed feed additive of zinc and microorganism, the feed of fermentation slop feeding fine granularity, improve the utilization rate of copper, iron, zinc, manganese in feedstuff, do not need in feedstuff for live pigs to add trace copper, manganese, iron, the generation of gastric ulcer can be reduced, and improve the palatability of feed.Therefore the present invention is while raising breeding performonce fo animals, reduces the discharge of the elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese in excrement.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method reducing heavy metals emission in feces of livestock and poultry, is characterized in that,
(1) mixed feed additive is produced
Mixed feed additive is made up of microorganism, trace element zinc and carrier; Wherein microorganism is the 4-5 kind in aspergillus niger, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and its content in mixed feed additive is: aspergillus niger content>=1.0 × 10
9cfu/g, bacillus lentus content>=1.0 × 10
8cfu/g, bacillus subtilis bacterial content>=1.0 × 10
9cfu/g, bacillus amyloliquefaciens content>=1.0 × 10
8cfu/g, Lactobacillus plantarum content>=1.0 × 10
9cfu/g; Zinc is one or both in zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc propionate, zinc lactate, zinc methionine network (chela) compound, amino-acid zinc complex compound (deriving from hydrolyzed vegetable protein), zinc albuminate, glycine zine, chelates of zinc threonine, and zinc concentration is 30-45g/kg; Carrier is powdered rice hulls or maize cob meal;
(2) perfect compound feed dry mash is produced
Perfect compound feed comprises the roughage raw material of pulverizing, the protein feed raw material of pulverizing, the energy feed raw material of pulverizing, vitamin, mineral element and mixed feed additive, obtains perfect compound feed dry mash after being mixed by above-mentioned raw materials; Grain graininess after the energy feed raw material wherein pulverized, protein feed raw material and roughage pulverizing is 0.4-0.7 millimeter; The addition of mixed feed additive in full price mixed fodder is 0.09-0.11%;
Wherein energy feed raw material: corn or wheat; Roughage raw material: wheat bran or rice bran; Protein feed raw material: dregs of beans, cotton dregs or rapeseed dregs;
(3) full price being coordinated dry mash to add water to water content is 40-50%, anaerobic fermentation 3-5 days under room temperature, slop feeding livestock and poultry after fermenting-ripening; The criterion of fermented feed maturation is pH (5% aqueous solution) 3.5-4.5, content of lactic acid bacteria>=1 × 10
9cfu/g.
The present invention's bacterial classification aspergillus niger used, bacillus subtilis, bacillus lentus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, these 5 kinds of bacterial classifications are all in national feed addictive catalogue (2013) scope.Wherein aspergillus niger can be secreted: pectase, amylase, 1,4 beta-glucanase, alpha-galactosidase, cellulase, zytase, protease; Bacillus lentus can secrete 'beta '-mannase; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can secrete 1,4 beta-glucanase; Bacillus subtilis can secreting amylase, protease, 1,4 beta-glucanase etc.
Principle of the present invention is: the present invention makes full use of the element such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese that feedstuff itself contains, the content of zinc is supplemented according to animal body profit and loss rule external source, no longer extra supplementation with copper, iron, manganese microelement in perfect compound feed, reduces the discharge of copper, iron, zinc, manganese element in excrement.The present invention also increases the smashing fineness of feedstuff, and exsiccation powder is fed as fermentation wet feed is fed, and makes thin feed granules imbibition, improves the particle volume of feedstuff, reduce the generation of gastric ulcer; Simultaneously under the material acting in conjunction such as enzyme, acidulant of fermentative microorganism and secretion thereof, improve the palatability of feed, accelerate cracking of imbibition feed granules, improve the utilization rate of copper, iron, zinc, manganese in feedstuff, reduce the discharge of copper, iron, manganese, Zn-ef ficiency in excrement.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention no longer adds trace copper, manganese, iron in perfect compound feed, but by increasing the smashing fineness of feedstuff, exsiccation powder is fed as fermentation wet feed is fed, and under the microbial action of mixed feed additive, improve the utilization rate of copper, iron, zinc, manganese in raw material; Thus reach the object of the discharge reducing heavy metal in ight soil;
(2) the present invention's powder that becomes dry is fed as fermentation wet feed is fed, and makes thin feed granules imbibition, improves the particle volume of feedstuff, reduce the generation of gastric ulcer; Simultaneously under the material acting in conjunction such as enzyme, acidulant of fermentative microorganism and secretion thereof, improve the palatability of feed;
(3) aspergillus niger of the present invention, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum secrete 1,4 beta-glucanase, alpha-galactosidase, cellulase, zytase, protease, amylase and lactic acid etc. during the fermentation, under the effect of exogenous enzymes, acidulant, probio, the less feedstuff of granularity is by external degradation, the external feed be degraded by after live pig feeding again in pig body endogenous enzymes etc. effect under, the utilization rate of copper, iron, zinc, manganese and albumen, fiber etc. improves, thus improves the production performance of pig.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1.
The principle close according to body weight, age in days and sex ratio selects Du × large × long three way cross grower pigs 60 of body weight 60.10 ± 0.50kg, is divided into control group, test I group and test II group at random, often organizes 4 repetitions, often repeat 5.The corn-soybean meal dry mash daily ration of control group daily ration to be Grinding Particle Size of Feeds be 0.90mm, the corn-soybean meal dry mash daily ration of test I group daily ration to be Grinding Particle Size of Feeds be 0.70mm, test II group to be fermented slop feeding daily ration for corn-soybean meal that Grinding Particle Size of Feeds is 0.70mm.The formal test time is 42 days.Before terminating, 3d starts the Cr adding 0.3% in feed
2o
3, in units of repeating, continuous 3d collects excrement sample, for measuring copper, iron, zinc, the manganese utilization rate in copper in pig manure, iron, zinc, the content of manganese and corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran.After on-test, 8:00 to 9:00 adds up cough number of times and the head number of each group of live pig early in the morning weekly.Test is carried out on Lv Huan pig farm, Jinan.Weigh on an empty stomach before and after on-test, in units of repeating, record feed intake weekly.Live pig free choice feeding, the management of each group feeding live pig is consistent.
Control group daily ration: control group Diet Formula is corn 67.9%, dregs of beans 17.0%, wheat bran 13.0%, stone flour 0.95%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.60%, salt 0.30%, lysine 0.05%, B B-complex 0.10%, composite trace element 0.10%, adds up to 100.0%.According to control group Diet Formula, corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran three kinds of raw materials are pulverized, the granularity of pulverizing is 0.90mm, is then become by various raw material blending full price to coordinate dry mash.B B-complex and composite trace element are all produced by Shandong Hua Mu company, wherein in composite trace element, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is respectively 100g/kg, 80g/kg, 150g/kg, 60g/kg, copper compound is copper sulphate, ferro element compound is ferrous sulfate, Zn-ef ficiency compound is zinc sulfate, and manganese element compound is manganese sulfate.
Test I group daily ration: Diet Formula is with control group daily ration, and the granularity that wherein corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran three kinds of raw materials are pulverized is 0.70mm.
Test II group daily ration: Diet Formula is corn 67.9%, dregs of beans 17.0%, wheat bran 13.0%, stone flour 0.95%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.60%, salt 0.30%, lysine 0.05%, B B-complex 0.1%, mixed feed additive 0.1%, adds up to 100.0%.According to Diet Formula, corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran three kinds of raw materials are pulverized, the granularity of pulverizing is 0.70mm, is then become by various raw material blending full price to coordinate dry mash.B B-complex is produced by Shandong Hua Mu company.In mixed feed additive, the content of aspergillus niger, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum is for being respectively 1 × 10
9cfu/g, 1.2 × 10
8cfu/g, 2.0 × 10
9cfu/g, 1.6 × 10
8cfu/g, 1.6 × 10
9cfu/g, the content of zinc is 37.5g/kg, and Zn-ef ficiency compound is zinc sulfate.Coordinate dry mash to add water to moisture 40%, then room temperature bottom fermentation 3 days the full price mixed, detecting feed pH (5% aqueous solution) is 4.2, and content of lactic acid bacteria is 1.9 × 10
9cfu/g.Then slop feeding live pig.Live pig free choice feeding.
Data acquisition SAS9.1 software processes, and numerical value adopts average ± standard error to represent.P<0.05 represents significant difference, and P<0.01 represents that difference is extremely remarkable.Result of the test is: the utilization rate pole of test II group copper, iron, zinc, manganese is significantly higher than control group and test I group (P<0.01), the utilization rate of test I group copper, iron, zinc, manganese higher than control group, but with control group without significant difference (table 1).In test II group excrement, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is extremely remarkable in control group and test I group (P<0.01), in test I group excrement, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is lower than control group, but with control group without significant difference (table 1).
Table 1 mixed feed additive is on the impact of content of beary metal in pig manure
Note: same column compares, shoulder mark lowercase difference person, represents significantly (P<0.05); Shoulder mark capitalization difference person, represents that difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).Following table is same.
In table 2, compare with control group and test I group, test II group live pig end weight, average daily gain significantly raise, and feedstuff-meat ratio significantly reduces, and live pig cough frequency minimum (P<0.01).Test I group pig end weight, average daily gain, feed intake are lower than control group (P<0.05), and cough frequency is higher than control group (P<0.01).Testing the first-born pig of I group 2 in process of the test to catch because frequently coughing, recovering after antibiotic therapy.There is not this phenomenon in control group and test II group.
Table 2 mixed feed additive is on the impact of pig production performance
Remarks: cough frequency (%)=(cough head number × cough number of times)/(pig's head number × test number of days) × 100%
" the trace mineral content simple analysis in China's feed " (Du Rong, China's herding magazine, 1989) report that in China's corn, copper, iron, zinc, manganese average content are 1.6mg/kg, 44mg/kg, 16.6mg/kg, 5.7mg/kg, in dregs of beans, copper, iron, zinc, manganese average content are 26.1mg/kg, 201mg/kg, 50.5mg/kg, 41.4mg/kg, and in wheat bran, copper, iron, zinc, manganese average content are 13.9mg/kg, 172mg/kg, 78.9mg/kg, 122.8mg/kg.Calculate accordingly copper in control group perfect compound feed corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, iron, zinc, manganese add up to content be respectively 7.33mg/kg, 86.41mg/kg, 30.11mg/kg, 26.87mg/kg, effective content is respectively 2.15mg/kg, 2.51mg/kg, 9.72mg/kg, 1.49mg/kg.Theory ignores the content in feedstuff corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, is 100mg/kg, 80mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 60mg/kg by the content content amounted in perfect compound feed of control group daily ration composite trace element copper, iron, zinc, manganese.If do not ignore the content in feedstuff corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, then in control group perfect compound feed, the effective content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is 102.15mg/kg, 82.51mg/kg, 159.72mg/kg, 81.49mg/kg.In like manner, calculating copper, iron, zinc, manganese in test II group perfect compound feed corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran adds up to content to be respectively 7.33mg/kg, 86.41mg/kg, 30.11mg/kg, 26.87mg/kg, and effective content is respectively 5.05mg/kg, 53.02mg/kg, 19.06mg/kg, 7.19mg/kg.Theory ignores the content in feedstuff corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, and the content that the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese in mixed feed additive is converted in perfect compound feed is respectively 0mg/kg, 0mg/kg, 37.5mg/kg, 0mg/kg.If do not ignore the content in feedstuff corn, dregs of beans, wheat bran, then the effective content testing copper, iron, zinc, manganese in II group perfect compound feed is respectively 5.05mg/kg, 53.02mg/kg, 56.56mg/kg, 7.19mg/kg.In test II group perfect compound feed, the effective content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is well below control group perfect compound feed.In test II group live pig pig manure, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is significantly lower than control group, and production performance is significantly better than control group, shows that mixed feed additive has fabulous environment protecting.The requirement of the copper of country swine rearing standard (NY/T65-2004) regulation 60-90kg body weight pig, iron, zinc, manganese is 3.5mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 50mg/kg, 2mg/kg.The effective content now testing copper, iron, zinc, manganese in II group daily ration, far away higher than national feeding standard, can meet the nutritional need of pig.
Test II group reduces copper in pig manure, iron, zinc, the content of manganese and the reason of raising pig production performance are inferred and aspergillus niger, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum secretes 1,4 beta-glucanase during the fermentation, alpha-galactosidase, cellulase, zytase, protease, amylase and lactic acid etc., in exogenous enzymes, acidulant, under the effect of probio, feedstuff is by external degradation, the external feed be degraded by after live pig feeding again in pig body endogenous enzymes etc. effect under, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and albumen, the utilization rate of fiber etc. improves, thus copper in minimizing pig manure, iron, zinc, the content of manganese and the production performance of raising pig.
Test I group and control group compare, and the utilization rate of Feed Copper, iron, zinc, manganese slightly improves, but the production performance of pig reduces, these relevant with the frequent cough of pig (Cappai etc., BMC veterinary research, 2013).Test I group is compared with test II group, and Grinding Particle Size of Feeds is consistent, but test II group cough number of times is few, study carefully its main cause be test II group daily ration ferment slop feeding time, feed granules imbibition, its volume increase, thus decrease the generation of cough.
Example 2.
The principle close according to body weight, age in days and sex ratio selects the Ou Delai growing-finishing pig 75 of body weight 60.10 ± 0.50kg, is divided into control group, test I group and test II group at random, often organizes 5 repetitions, often repeat 5.The corn-soybean meal dry mash daily ration of control group daily ration to be Grinding Particle Size of Feeds be 1.50mm, the corn-soybean meal dry mash daily ration of test I group daily ration to be Grinding Particle Size of Feeds be 0.40mm, test II group to be fermented slop feeding daily ration for corn-soybean meal that Grinding Particle Size of Feeds is 0.40mm.The formal test time is 56 days.Before terminating, 3d starts the Cr adding 0.3% in feed
2o
3, in units of repeating, continuous 3d collects excrement sample, for measuring copper, iron, zinc, the manganese utilization rate in copper in pig manure, iron, zinc, the content of manganese and corn, wheat, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, rice bran.After on-test, 8:00 to 9:00 adds up cough number of times and the head number of each group of live pig early in the morning weekly.Test is carried out on pig farm, Laiwu.Weigh on an empty stomach before and after on-test, in units of repeating, record feed intake weekly.Live pig free choice feeding, the management of each group feeding live pig is consistent.
Control group daily ration: control group Diet Formula is corn 40.0%, wheat 27.0%, dregs of beans 13.0%, rapeseed dregs 3.0%, rice bran 15.0%, stone flour 0.9%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.59%, salt 0.30%, B B-complex 0.10%, composite trace element 0.11%, adds up to 100.0%.According to control group Diet Formula, corn, wheat, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, rice bran five kinds of raw materials are pulverized, the granularity of pulverizing is 1.50mm, is then become by various raw material blending full price to coordinate dry mash.B B-complex and composite trace element are all produced by Laiwu Wan Xing biological feedstuff company, wherein in composite trace element, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is respectively 50g/kg, 80g/kg, 100g/kg, 50g/kg, copper compound is copper sulphate, ferro element compound is ferrous sulfate, Zn-ef ficiency compound is zinc sulfate, and manganese element compound is manganese sulfate.
Test I group daily ration: Diet Formula is with control group daily ration, and the granularity that wherein corn, wheat, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, rice bran five kinds of raw materials are pulverized is 0.40mm.
Test II group daily ration: corn 40.0%, wheat 27.0%, dregs of beans 13.0%, rapeseed dregs 3.0%, rice bran 15.0%, stone flour 0.9%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.59%, salt 0.30%, B B-complex 0.10%, mixed feed additive 0.11%, adds up to 100.0%.According to Diet Formula, corn, wheat, dregs of beans, rapeseed dregs, rice bran five kinds of raw materials are pulverized, the granularity of pulverizing is 0.40mm, is then become by various raw material blending full price to coordinate dry mash.B B-complex is produced by Laiwu Wan Xing biological feedstuff company.In mixed feed additive, the content of aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum is respectively 1.8 × 10
9cfu/g, 6.2 × 10
9cfu/g, 5.0 × 10
8cfu/g, 3.7 × 10
9cfu/g, the content of zinc is 37.5g/kg, and Zn-ef ficiency compound is zinc methionine network (chela) compound.Coordinate dry mash to add water to moisture 50%, then room temperature bottom fermentation 5 days the full price mixed, detecting feed pH (5% aqueous solution) is 4.0, and content of lactic acid bacteria is 1.3 × 10
9cfu/g.Then slop feeding live pig.Live pig free choice feeding.
Data acquisition SAS9.1 software processes, and numerical value adopts average ± standard error to represent.
Table 3 mixed feed additive is on the impact of content of beary metal in pig manure
Result of the test is test II group copper, the utilization rate pole of iron, zinc, manganese is significantly higher than control group and test I group (P<0.01), the utilization rate of test I group copper, iron, zinc, manganese higher than control group, but with control group without significant difference (table 3).In test II group excrement, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is extremely remarkable in control group and test I group (P<0.01), in test I group excrement, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is lower than control group, but with control group without significant difference (table 3).Result of the test shows that mixed feed additive improves the utilization rate of Feed Copper, iron, zinc, manganese, decreases the content in excrement.
Table 4 mixed feed additive is on the impact of pig production performance
Remarks: cough note and to cough frequency (%)=(cough head number × cough number of times)/(pig's head number × test number of days) × 100%
In table 4, with control group and test compared with I group, test II group live pig end weight, average daily gain significantly raise, and feedstuff-meat ratio significantly reduces (P<0.01), and live pig cough frequency is minimum.Test I group pig end is heavy minimum, cough frequency the highest (P<0.01).Result of the test shows that mixed feed additive can significantly improve the production performance of pig.
Example 3.
The principle close according to body weight, age in days and sex ratio selects the EmilZatopek growing and fattening pigs 60 of body weight 60.10 ± 0.50kg, is divided into control group, test I group and test II group at random, often organizes 4 repetitions, often repeat 5.The corn-soybean meal dry mash daily ration of control group daily ration to be Grinding Particle Size of Feeds be 1.00mm, the corn-soybean meal dry mash daily ration of test I group daily ration to be grinding particle size be 0.60mm, test II group to be fermented slop feeding daily ration for corn-soybean meal that grinding particle size is 0.60mm.The formal test time is 42 days.Before terminating, 3d starts the Cr adding 0.3% in feed
2o
3, in units of repeating, continuous 3d collects excrement sample, for measuring copper, iron, zinc, the manganese utilization rate in copper in pig manure, iron, zinc, the content of manganese and corn, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, wheat bran.After on-test, 8:00 to 9:00 adds up cough number of times and the head number of each group of live pig early in the morning weekly.Test is carried out on pig farm, Changqing.Weigh on an empty stomach before and after on-test, in units of repeating, record feed intake weekly.Live pig free choice feeding, the management of each group feeding live pig is consistent.
Control group daily ration: control group Diet Formula is corn 68.01%, dregs of beans 16.0%, cotton dregs 4.0%, wheat bran 10.0%, stone flour 0.9%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.6%, salt 0.30%, B B-complex 0.10%, composite trace element 0.09%, adds up to 100.0%.According to control group Diet Formula, corn, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, wheat bran four kinds of raw materials are pulverized, the granularity of pulverizing is 1.00mm, is then become by various raw material blending full price to coordinate dry mash.B B-complex and composite trace element are all produced by the very lucky biological feedstuff company in Jinan, wherein in composite trace element, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is respectively 54g/kg, 105g/kg, 98g/kg, 50g/kg, copper compound is copper sulphate, ferro element compound is ferrous sulfate, Zn-ef ficiency compound is zinc sulfate, and manganese element compound is manganese sulfate.
Test I group daily ration: Diet Formula is with control group daily ration, and the granularity that wherein corn, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, wheat bran four kinds of raw materials are pulverized is 0.60mm.
Test II group daily ration: corn 68.01%, dregs of beans 16.0%, cotton dregs 4.0%, wheat bran 10.0%, stone flour 0.9%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.6%, salt 0.30%, B B-complex 0.10%, mixed feed additive 0.09%, adds up to 100.0%.According to Diet Formula, corn, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, wheat bran four kinds of raw materials are pulverized, the granularity of pulverizing is 0.60mm, is then become by various raw material blending full price to coordinate dry mash.B B-complex is produced by the very lucky biological feedstuff company in Jinan.In mixed feed additive, the content of aspergillus niger, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum is respectively 2.0 × 10
9cfu/g, 2.0 × 10
8cfu/g, 2.1 × 10
9cfu/g, 2.0 × 10
9cfu/g, the content of zinc is 45.0g/kg, and Zn-ef ficiency compound is glycine zine.Coordinate dry mash to add water to moisture 45%, then room temperature bottom fermentation 4 days the full price mixed, detecting feed pH (5% aqueous solution) is 4.0, and content of lactic acid bacteria is 1.5 × 10
9cfu/g.Then slop feeding live pig.Live pig free choice feeding.
Data acquisition SAS9.1 software processes, and numerical value adopts average ± standard error to represent.
Table 5 mixed feed additive is on the impact of content of beary metal in pig manure
With control group with test I group and compare, the utilization rate of test II group copper, iron, zinc, manganese extremely significantly raises (P<0.01) (table 5).In test II group excrement, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is extremely remarkable in control group and test I group (P<0.01), and in test I group excrement, the content of copper, iron, zinc, manganese is lower than control group, but with control group without significant difference.Result of the test shows that mixed feed additive improves the utilization rate of Feed Copper, iron, zinc, manganese, decreases the content in excrement.
Table 6 mixed feed additive is on the impact of pig production performance
Remarks: cough note and to cough frequency (%)=(cough head number × cough number of times)/(pig's head number × test number of days) × 100%
With control group with test I group and compare (table 6), test II group live pig end weight, average daily gain significantly raise, and feedstuff-meat ratio significantly reduces (P<0.01), and live pig cough frequency is minimum.Test I group pig end is heavy minimum, cough frequency the highest (P<0.01).Result of the test shows that mixed feed additive can significantly improve the production performance of pig.
Claims (3)
1. reduce a method for heavy metals emission in feces of livestock and poultry, it is characterized in that,
(1) mixed feed additive is produced
Mixed feed additive is made up of microorganism, trace element zinc and carrier; Wherein microorganism is the 4-5 kind in aspergillus niger, bacillus lentus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus plantarum, and its content in mixed feed additive is: aspergillus niger content>=1 × 10
9cfu/g, bacillus lentus content>=1.0 × 10
8cfu/g, bacillus subtilis bacterial content>=1.0 × 10
9cfu/g, bacillus amyloliquefaciens content>=1.0 × 10
8cfu/g, Lactobacillus plantarum content>=1.0 × 10
9cfu/g; Zinc concentration is 30-45g/kg;
(2) perfect compound feed dry mash is produced
Perfect compound feed comprises the roughage raw material of pulverizing, the protein feed raw material of pulverizing, the energy feed raw material of pulverizing, vitamin, mineral element and mixed feed additive, obtains perfect compound feed dry mash after being mixed by above-mentioned raw materials; The grain graininess of the energy feed raw material wherein pulverized, the protein feed raw material of pulverizing and the roughage of pulverizing is 0.4-0.7 millimeter; The addition of mixed feed additive in full price mixed fodder is 0.09-0.11%; Trace copper, trace elements iron and trace element manganese is no longer added in described perfect compound feed;
(3) dry mash is coordinated to add water full price, anaerobic fermentation, slop feeding livestock and poultry after fermenting-ripening.
2. a kind of method reducing heavy metals emission in feces of livestock and poultry as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the zinc of described step (1) is one or both in zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, zinc chloride, zinc propionate, zinc lactate, zinc methionine complex compound, amino-acid zinc complex compound, zinc albuminate, glycine zine, chelates of zinc threonine.
3. a kind of method reducing heavy metals emission in feces of livestock and poultry as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described energy feed raw material is corn or wheat; Roughage raw material is wheat bran or rice bran; Protein feed raw material is dregs of beans, cotton dregs or rapeseed dregs.
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