CN104953848A - Efficient constant-current switch type power converter - Google Patents
Efficient constant-current switch type power converter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient constant-current switch type power converter which comprises an input filter circuit, an inverter circuit, an output rectifying circuit, an output filter circuit and a feedback circuit, wherein the direct current input of the power converter is transformed into direct current output through the input filter circuit, the inverter circuit, the output rectifying circuit and the output filter circuit in sequence, and the voltage regulation is carried out through the feedback circuit; the input end adopts universal single-ended flyback circuit topology, and a pulse width modulator is LM5022 of the TI company; the output end adopts constant-current current-limiting mode which is realized through an LMV842 operational amplifier of the TI company, and supports long-time short circuit. The power converter has the characteristics that the input range is wide, the efficiency is high by virtue of the high-frequency high-voltage output, the size is small, the protection effect is good by virtue of the constant-current protective circuit, and the circuits are concise.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of supply convertor, specifically, relate to a kind of switch type power supply converter of small size isolation type high frequency High voltage output high-efficiency constant-flow.
Background technology
At present, external high-voltage switch gear DC power supply comparative maturity, miniaturization, high efficiency, intelligentized high-voltage DC power supply has been produced as high voltage source companies such as Spellman, Classman, but price comparison is expensive, domestic direct-current high-voltage switch power supply research is started late, and has larger gap compared with advanced country.Especially in high frequency, high-performance direct current high-voltage switch power supply.At present in agriculture field, in the urgent need to inexpensive, many specifications of multiple different working condition requirement, multi items, the high-quality of seriation, high performance high-voltage DC power supply can be met.China is a large agricultural country, the science and technology that agricultural production needs is many, some field is very urgent to the needs of high voltage direct current source technology, but the high-voltage DC power supply that can be applicable to agriculture field requirement is at present little, for the concrete condition of agriculture field, research and develop multiple high-voltage DC power supply and there is stronger realistic meaning, also contain very large business opportunity.
20 century 70 world power supply histories there occurs a revolution, and namely the switching frequency of 20Hz is in conjunction with the application of pulse modulation technology (PWM) in field of power supplies.Up to the present, the frequency of power supply has reached thousands of conspicuous, and the quasi-resonance technology of application of advanced even can reach hertz levels.Improve oscillator output frequencies and can reduce electronic device Essential Performance Requirements and the structural volume such as high-tension transformer, reactor, smmothing capacitor, high-voltage capacitor, and then reduce high voltage source volume.High frequency makes high voltage source volume significantly reduce, lightly portable, and practicality and ease of use obviously improve.High frequency brings lot of advantages, but also brings a lot of difficult point simultaneously, and how the HF switch loss of such as switching component solves; How high-frequency circuit board designs; And the multiple difficult point such as transformer Choice and design under high frequency.
Isolation type high frequency high voltage out-put supply converter not only also exists the problem that high frequency brings, also there is the series of problems that High voltage output brings, such as, under high voltage transformer can produce the problems such as very large parasitic capacitance, insulation design and technique for coiling in how to solve; How to select to export the multiple difficult problems such as rectifying tube under high-frequency and high-voltage.
Summary of the invention
A kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter that the present invention designs to solve the problems of the technologies described above just.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter, comprises input filter circuit, inverter circuit, output rectification circuit, output filter circuit and feedback circuit; The input of its direct current exports to direct current through input filter circuit, inverter circuit, output rectification circuit and output filter circuit in turn, utilizes feedback circuit to carry out Voltage Cortrol; Input is general single-ended circuit of reversed excitation topology, and pulse width modulator is the LM5022 of TI company; Output adopts constant current current-limit mode, uses the LMV842 operational amplifier of TI company to realize, supports long-time short circuit; Isolating transformer T2 Ji Wei tetra-tunnel exports, and wherein first via coupling output 225V, exports to energy storage inductor L2 through 4 voltage stabilizing didoe D4-D7 series voltage stabilizings; Second road coupling output 225V, exports to energy storage inductor L3 through 4 voltage stabilizing didoe D8-D11 series voltage stabilizings; 3rd road coupling output 50V, exports to energy storage inductor L4 through 2 voltage stabilizing didoe D12, D13 series voltage stabilizings; Three tunnels export through three energy storage inductors L2, L3 and L4 cumulative generation 500V High voltage output.
Described a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter, its isolating transformer T2 adopts TDK company standard section bar EPC19, material is PC44 magnetic material, transformer winding order is: ground floor coiling is elementary, all secondary innermost layers are wound on by secondary 1, then by secondary 2 around secondary 1 outside, be then wound on the outermost layer of secondary 1 and secondary 2 by secondary 3; Then feedback 1 and feedback 2 are increased coupling between winding by the wire of a strand, all secondary and secondary between, all increase one deck between secondary and feedback elementary.
Described a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter, its voltage stabilizing didoe D4-D11 adopts Ultrafast recovery diode ESH2PD, and voltage stabilizing didoe D12 and D13 adopts Ultrafast recovery diode SS2PH10.
The switch type power supply converter of a kind of small size isolation type high frequency of the present invention High voltage output high-efficiency constant-flow, adopt general survey single-ended reverse exciting circuit topology, the LM5022 of pulse width modulator TI company, its peripheral component is few, controls simple.Output adopts current-limit mode to be constant current mode, use the LMV842 operational amplifier of TI company to realize, support long-time short circuit, the technique for coiling of this supply convertor internal transformer, and export the selection aspect of rectifying tube, be the key determining that this high-voltage output power supply transducer effciency promotes.
The course of work of the present invention is: direct current input first carries out filtering through input filter, enter inverter circuit again, inverter circuit makes the alternating current of the secondary generation checker of high frequency transformer, and this alternating current becomes direct current and exports after output diode rectification and filter circuit.Output voltage realizes self-adjusting by output sampling, feedback, adjustment duty ratio.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with traditional DC/DC converter:
1, high-frequency and high-voltage exports.This supply convertor exports 500V30W, and frequency is up to 360kHz.
2, volume is little.Volume only 49mm × 25.4mm × 13mm.
3, constant current mode current limliting.Support long-time short circuit, and protective circuit is simple.
4, input range is wide.This supply convertor input range 15V to 55V, meets 18V to 50V overvoltage/undervoltage surge requirement in GJB181.
5, conversion efficiency is high.This supply convertor input range 15V to 55V, exports that 500V30W is most effective reaches 88%.
6, extra small ripple.The maximum ripple of this supply convertor gamut is less than 0.5%.
The features such as the invention has the beneficial effects as follows that to have input range wide, high-frequency and high-voltage exports, and efficiency is high, and volume is little, constant current mode protective circuit, the good and simple circuit of protected effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the performance plot of main switch MOSFET.
Fig. 4 is voltage stabilizing didoe forward conduction current direction figure.
Fig. 5 is voltage stabilizing didoe reverse leakage current current direction.
Fig. 6 is common transformer coiling figure.
Fig. 7 is isolating transformer coiling figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter of the present invention, comprises input filter circuit, inverter circuit, output rectification circuit, output filter circuit and feedback circuit; The input of its direct current exports to direct current through input filter circuit, inverter circuit, output rectification circuit and output filter circuit in turn, utilizes feedback circuit to carry out Voltage Cortrol; Input is general single-ended circuit of reversed excitation topology, and pulse width modulator is the LM5022 of TI company; Output adopts constant current current-limit mode, uses the LMV842 operational amplifier of TI company to realize, supports long-time short circuit; Isolating transformer T2 Ji Wei tetra-tunnel exports, and wherein first via coupling output 225V, exports to energy storage inductor L2 through 4 voltage stabilizing didoe D4-D7 series voltage stabilizings; Second road coupling output 225V, exports to energy storage inductor L3 through 4 voltage stabilizing didoe D8-D11 series voltage stabilizings; 3rd road coupling output 50V, exports to energy storage inductor L4 through 2 voltage stabilizing didoe D12, D13 series voltage stabilizings; Three tunnels export through three energy storage inductors L2, L3 and L4 cumulative generation 500V High voltage output.
Described a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter, its isolating transformer T2 adopts TDK company standard section bar EPC19, material is PC44 magnetic material, transformer winding order is: ground floor coiling is elementary, all secondary innermost layers are wound on by secondary 1, then by secondary 2 around secondary 1 outside, be then wound on the outermost layer of secondary 1 and secondary 2 by secondary 3; Then feedback 1 and feedback 2 are increased coupling between winding by the wire of a strand, all secondary and secondary between, all increase one deck between secondary and feedback elementary.
Described a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter, its voltage stabilizing didoe D4-D11 adopts Ultrafast recovery diode ESH2PD, and voltage stabilizing didoe D12 and D13 adopts Ultrafast recovery diode SS2PH10.
This practical patent is mainly optimized from the selection of main power component carries out unique design with the technique for coiling of transformer, brings many-sided liftings such as this high-voltage output power supply transducer effciency, ripple, volume.Embodiment is as follows:
1, the selection of main power component.The main power component of this supply convertor is the main switch MOSFET of input and the rectifier diode of output mainly.
When selecting the main switch MOSFET of input, because switching frequency is 360kHz, exporting is again low-power, can estimate the maximum electric current of input be less than 2A by minimum conversion efficiency 80%, just only can not focus on the R of MOSFET homomorphism under these conditions
dS-ONloss, also will consider MOSFET gate capacitance charges and electric discharge, and this part power consumption also can not be ignored.
Formula 1:
Computing formula as shown in Equation 1, needs to know that MOSFET grid capacitance comprises two electric capacity: grid source electric capacity and gate leakage capacitance here.Usually easily make wrong time by the input capacitance (C of MOSFET
iSS) be used as the total grid capacitance of MOSFET.Determine that the correct method of grid capacitance is the total grid capacitance (Q seen in MOSFET databook
g).In the electrical characteristic table that this information is usually displayed on any MOSFET and typical performance curve.This supply convertor internal switch MOSFET selects the N-channel MOS FET of the 150V50A of Infineon, and table 1 shows the typical case of this MOSFET in databook.The numerical value provided in databook table is representative value, also will notice their test condition relevant: grid voltage and drain voltage.These test conditions affect the value of gate charge.Fig. 3 shows and samely from the curve of Fig. 3, chooses V
gSthe representative value of=10V, we obtain total gate charge is 23nC (V
dS=100V).Utilize Q=C*V relational expression, we obtain grid capacitance is 2.3nF, and numerical value is close with representative value, and the actual operation parameter of some MOSFET is far above representative value, and this shows when calculating gate capacitance value, and total gate capacitance value should be derived from total gate charge value.The MOSFET information utilizing table 1 to provide contrasts with Fig. 3, is 10V at VGS, by the value using Fig. 3 curve QG value corresponding when finding 10V can obtain CG.When switching frequency F=360kHz and drain-source voltage are 100V, the power consumption of the mosfet driver produced by the discharge and recharge of MOSFET grid capacitance can draw P by formula 1
c=82.8mW.Need to give special heed to, voltage in formula is got square.Therefore reduce gate drive voltage and significantly can reduce driving power consumption.For some MOSFET, gate drive voltage can't reduce MOSFET resistance (R further more than 8V to 10V
dS-ON).Grid voltage reduces on the contrary, also reduces and hands over more conduction loss.
The expression of gate charge in table 1 databook
Tube core equally also has impact in various degree to grid capacitance.The size of MOSFET tube core is larger, and the impact of gate charge is larger.As long as the databook doubling any manufacturer just can prove this point.Die-size and gate charge close and fasten again, and you can find: die-size increases, and total gate charge also increases.Along with the progress of silicon chip technology, new MOSFET may have identical die-size with old device, but has less total gate charge.But adopt the MOSFET of same piece of silicon technology to be still used in this basic norm, namely die-size increases, and the energy needed for gate charges also increases.
Due to high frequency reason, this power supply exports high pressure non-immediate exports a road 500V, but by transformer coupled go out three tunnels export, front two-way, for export 225V respectively, exports two-way series connection and exports 450V, by transformer circle than and dummy load control stablizing of output voltage; 3rd tunnel exports 50V, and export with other two-way and connect, output has the feedback loop of voltage stabilizing, is main voltage control loop.Like this road is exported and be divided into the most high backward voltage (U that advantage that three tunnels export is to reduce rectifier diode
r), so just can select the multiple series connection of 200V to 300V Ultrafast recovery diode, its advantage is to reduce (T reverse recovery time
r), reverse leakage current (I
r), forward maximum voltage drop (U
f), improve maximal integer mass flow electric current (I
f) and maximum operating frequency (f
m).We can pass through formula: U
r=2* (Vo+V
imax* N
s/ N
p) calculate the most high backward voltage U of every road 225V output rectifier diode
rthe most high backward voltage U of ≈ 1500V, 50V output rectifier diode
r≈ 428V.The most high backward voltage U that duty ratio records actual every road 225V output rectifier diode is increased by adjustment
rthe most high backward voltage U of ≈ 1090V, 50V output rectifier diode
r≈ 397V, we select 225V output rectifier diode to use 300V Ultrafast recovery diode to drop to 4 by calculating 5 of getting like this, and 50V output rectifier diode uses 300V Ultrafast recovery diode 2.The actual efficiency recorded like this is 88%, and than using the efficiency of the branched series connection of the diode of most high backward voltage 1000V to exceed 16%, the scheme adopting three tunnels to export series connection and branched Ultrafast recovery diode thus under high frequency is effectively feasible.
Some designer's power supplys export the variation of rectifier diode overheated or switching frequency, also or switching waveform amplitude and the phenomenon such as the cycle is inconsistent.These people generally only pay close attention to the maximal integer mass flow electric current of rectifier diode, forward maximum voltage drop, most high backward voltage three indexs in fact.Have ignored the reverse recovery time of described rectifier diode above, reverse leakage current, these three indexs of maximum operating frequency.Reverse recovery time be exactly diode after forward conduction, electric current (from negative electrode to anode) can be flow through in the other direction within very short a period of time, just be called reverse recovery time during this period of time.The example of Figure 4 and 5 describes this phenomenon, and obviously, this is very disadvantageous to the efficiency of converter, especially particularly evident under the environment that operating frequency is high; Reverse leakage current refers to that diode is at the temperature and most high backward voltage effect of regulation, flows through the reverse current of diode.Reverse current is less, and the one direction electric conductivity of pipe is better.It should be noted that reverse current and temperature have close relationship, about temperature often raises 10 DEG C, and reverse current increasing is twice, and such diode is easily overheated and damage; Maximum operating frequency there is junction capacitance and diffusion capacitance by diode PN junction, and diode maximum operating frequency is restricted.Therefore, the diode of each model all defines maximum operating frequency, when selecting or change diode, make the operating frequency that the maximum operating frequency of diode uses higher than reality.If worked under the environment that operating frequency is higher, these three indexs also seem particularly important.
2, the uniqueness of transformer winding technique.This supply convertor exports due to high-frequency and high-voltage, and be divided into three tunnels export series connection mode (we by three secondary be set as secondary 1 export 225V, secondary 2 export 225V, secondary 3 export 50V, secondary 1 first head exports 500V positive pole, secondary 1 tail head is connected with secondary 2 first heads, secondary 2 tail heads and secondary 3 first heads, secondary 3 tail heads export 500V negative pole, transformer secondary output series connection method is as described above), the factor of leakage inductance, turn-to-turn capacitance and this three aspect of intersection adjustment amount will be noted during coiling.
The winding method of low leakage inductance: reducing winding leakage inductance has kinds of schemes and coiling skill to select.Leakage inductance refers to the measurable inductance value not being coupled to magnetic core or other windings.Its impact just as one independently inductance be serially connected in winding lead-in wire on.It causes power switch pipe to drain or the reason of spike on collector electrode and output diode anode.This is because its magnetic flux cannot be output secondary winding institute linkage.For selected magnetic core and the winding calculated, passable
According to following formula estimation leakage inductance:
K in formula
1---once and secondary winding get 3 for simple, if secondary winding be staggered in a winding two-layer between, get 0.85;
L
mt---the length of whole coiling average every circle on skeleton, unit is in:
N
x---the number of turn that this winding that analyze comprises;
W
1---the width of winding, unit is in;
T
ins---the insulation thickness of coiling, unit is in;
B
w---the thickness of all windings of the transformer made, unit position in.
Formula gives the principal element affecting winding leakage inductance.The principal element that can control during design is the magnetic core selecting magnetic core middle post long.Winding is wider, and leakage inductance is less.The number of turn of winding is controlled in minimum degree, reduction leakage inductance is had very great help, because the impact of the number of turn on leakage inductance is quadratic relation.In addition, elementary grade coupled quality also has a great impact primary leakage inductance.This point can be split into two halves armature winding, and secondary winding is clipped in the middle or is staggered in middle winding and finds out.
The winding method of low turn-to-turn capacitance: transformer parasitic parameter is the turn-to-turn capacitance of coil, this can represent with the small capacitances be distributed between each coil of whole winding.The transformer that input voltage is higher or output voltage is higher, the distributed capacitance of winding department is a problem.Particularly in the Switching Power Supply of off-line type, high input voltage or High voltage output, this problem is just more outstanding.This parasitic capacitance due to same winding adjacent coils current potential difference cause.
S in formula---the distance between winding; Unit is m:
D---diameter of wire, unit is m.
Formula: expression be exactly the energy stored between two circles in a winding.Certainly, all there is this energy between the adjacent turn due to a winding, gross energy will be multiplied by doubly a lot, but this formula describes these electric capacity Producing reason.When switch transition, this energy just discharges with the form of spike.If coil unrolls layer by layer (as shown in Figure 6), the energy that distributed capacitance stores is just very large.Finally, the voltage difference between coil is very large, even likely close to breakdown voltage.In order to avoid spike and puncture voltage, be divided into by this transformer three tunnels to export, reduce the voltage difference of turn-to-turn capacitance and turn-to-turn, again reduce the number of turn simultaneously, avoid again unrolling.Concrete winding method is shown in Fig. 7.
Reduce and intersect the winding method of adjustment amount: elementary and secondary, the secondary close-coupled with secondary winding is optimal target.Very poor if be coupled, power signal before arrival output rectifier just by time delay.The forward recovery cycle of output rectifier also can increase this time delay.This makes in the transient process of switch transition, and in fact winding is not loaded, and the magnetic energy being stored in magnetic core just causes winding produces very large spike.If increase the energy stored in the leakage inductance of winding and turn-to-turn distributed capacitance, some problems will be caused.The amount of intercoupling between secondary winding can affect output cross adjustment performance.When the adjustment amount that intersects refers to the load variations of an output, make other output end voltages fluctuation size.In the power supply of multi output, when can regard the load variations of wherein any one output as, " anti-fluctuation " amount of all outputs.If cross modulated performance is poor, then turn ratio is differed greatly, i.e. output HIGH voltage and low-voltage the impact of the secondary side of the transformer deposited is large especially.For avoiding this kind of impact, concrete winding method is shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 transformer winding figure.Ground floor coiling is elementary, all secondary innermost layers are wound on by secondary 1, then by secondary 2 around secondary 1 outside, then the outermost layer of secondary 1 and secondary 2 is wound on by secondary 3, if by secondary 3 and any secondary exchange of other two-way, intersection all will be made to adjust quantitative change large, and larger puncture voltage and spike can be produced.Then feedback 1 and feedback 2 are increased the coupling between winding by the wire of a strand.Be exactly two (or how with) wire strandings together, then them simultaneously around on skeleton.Remember all secondary and secondary between, to one deck be added between secondary and feedback elementary.The negative effects such as excessive turn-to-turn capacitance, spike and puncture voltage are produced after avoiding two-layer secondary tandem like this.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, anyone other any or akin products identical with the present invention drawn under enlightenment of the present invention, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter, comprises input filter circuit, inverter circuit, output rectification circuit, output filter circuit and feedback circuit; It is characterized in that: direct current input exports to direct current through input filter circuit, inverter circuit, output rectification circuit and output filter circuit in turn, utilizes feedback circuit to carry out Voltage Cortrol; Input is general single-ended circuit of reversed excitation topology, and pulse width modulator is the LM5022 of TI company; Output adopts constant current current-limit mode, uses the LMV842 operational amplifier of TI company to realize, supports long-time short circuit; Isolating transformer T2 Ji Wei tetra-tunnel exports, and wherein first via coupling output 225V, exports to energy storage inductor L2 through 4 voltage stabilizing didoe D4-D7 series voltage stabilizings; Second road coupling output 225V, exports to energy storage inductor L3 through 4 voltage stabilizing didoe D8-D11 series voltage stabilizings; 3rd road coupling output 50V, exports to energy storage inductor L4 through 2 voltage stabilizing didoe D12, D13 series voltage stabilizings; Three tunnels export through three energy storage inductors L2, L3 and L4 cumulative generation 500V High voltage output.
2. a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: isolating transformer T2 adopts TDK company standard section bar EPC19, material is PC44 magnetic material, transformer winding order is: ground floor coiling is elementary, all secondary innermost layers are wound on by secondary 1, then by secondary 2 around secondary 1 outside, be then wound on the outermost layer of secondary 1 and secondary 2 by secondary 3; Then feedback 1 and feedback 2 are increased coupling between winding by the wire of a strand, all secondary and secondary between, all increase one deck between secondary and feedback elementary.
3. a kind of high-efficiency constant-flow switch type power supply converter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: voltage stabilizing didoe D4-D11 adopts Ultrafast recovery diode ESH2PD, and voltage stabilizing didoe D12 and D13 adopts Ultrafast recovery diode SS2PH10.
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Citations (5)
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| US4821163A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-04-11 | Bloom Gordon E | Start-up circuit for an integrated-magnetic power converter |
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| CN101847931A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-29 | 武汉市创佳源电子有限公司 | Method for fully regulating output power of high-frequency switching power supply |
| CN101938160A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-01-05 | 山东申普汽车控制技术有限公司 | Damage-free quick charger for vehicle power battery pack and charge control method |
| CN204794707U (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-11-18 | 航天长峰朝阳电源有限公司 | High -efficient constant current switching mode source transformation ware |
-
2015
- 2015-07-23 CN CN201510437671.9A patent/CN104953848A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4821163A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1989-04-11 | Bloom Gordon E | Start-up circuit for an integrated-magnetic power converter |
| CN2424560Y (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-03-21 | 黄以安 | Balance charger of battery |
| CN101847931A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-29 | 武汉市创佳源电子有限公司 | Method for fully regulating output power of high-frequency switching power supply |
| CN101938160A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-01-05 | 山东申普汽车控制技术有限公司 | Damage-free quick charger for vehicle power battery pack and charge control method |
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