CN104938325A - Strawberry hybridization and seed seedling method - Google Patents
Strawberry hybridization and seed seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104938325A CN104938325A CN201510372261.0A CN201510372261A CN104938325A CN 104938325 A CN104938325 A CN 104938325A CN 201510372261 A CN201510372261 A CN 201510372261A CN 104938325 A CN104938325 A CN 104938325A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a strawberry hybridization and seed seedling method. The method comprises the following two steps: matching of parents, and obtaining and seedling of hybrid seeds. According to the strawberry hybridization and seed seedling method, the germination rate of strawberry seedling seeds and the survival rate of seed seedlings can be improved to a relatively great extent; the germination time is shortened; and a foundation is laid for improvement of the cross breeding efficiency of the strawberry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strawberry cultivars hybridization pollination and seed seedling-raising method thereof.
Background technology
Strawberry cultivars intermolecular hybrid and seed seedling-raising are the important stages cultivating New Strawberry Variety.Current strawberry cultivars intermolecular hybrid main method is as described below: first extractd by the stamen on father, female parent with tweezers; Within second day, after pollen scatters, the pollen of male parent is applied on maternal column cap and carries out hybridization pollination.Due to stamen less and compare dispersion cause the efficiency of emasculation lower; May due to misoperation in this external crossover process, the problem such as easily cause allocarpy deformity and ripening rate is low.In modern Strwberry Breeding process, in order to obtain the strawberry seed with ideal character, need to carry out the efficiency that extensive hybridization improves crossbreeding, workload is relatively large, and therefore strawberry crossbreeding at present needs simply and artificial hybridization method fast.
On the other hand, because strawberry seed is very tiny, percentage of seedgermination is low and speed is slow, true seed seedling after germination is very small and weak, transplants the decline being easy to cause because of the harm of damping off survival rate to generic media, seed seedling seriously can be caused all dead.Therefore the seedling-cultivating method research carrying out strawberry seed seedling has the meaning of important reality for strawberry crossbreeding and the efficiency improving breeding.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of strawberry cultivars hybridization pollination and seed seedling-raising method thereof.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: strawberry hybridization and seed seedling-raising method, comprise the following steps:
(1) apolegamy of parent and the acquisition of hybrid seed
Parental apolegamy: based on the characteristic of father and mother's parental breed, and strawberry cultivars that florescence close complementary according to breeding objective selection traits is as parent;
The collection of pollen and hybridization pollination: initial bloom stage starts to carry out artificial hybridization pollination; Choose in the previous day of pollination and be about to open flower, strip the stamen of male parent and sepal and collect pollen; Strip maternal stamen, sepal package paper bag simultaneously; After within second day, the pollen until male parent scatters, dip pollen with aseptic cotton carrier and it be applied in equably on the column cap of maternal gynoecium, packaging paper bag; Paper bag is removed after strawberry fruit expands;
F
1selection and process for seed: after fruit maturation, start hybridization fruit of gathering.To cut down containing seed-bearing fruit surface and smash after fermentation to pieces 6 ~ 7 days.Period often stirs up and down, allow seed further after-ripening be beneficial to improve the germination rate of seed.After strainer filtering seed, be placed in water and repeatedly clean, collect and dry seed.Select the hybrid seed of full seed, reject thin and weak and rudimentary seed; Finally seed is put into refrigerator and cooled and hide preservation;
(2) nursery
Seedbed prepares: be 1.2m ~ 1.5m with brick one-tenth width, and thickness is the seedling bed of 15cm ~ 20cm, puts into matrix, stromal surface is smoothed rear for subsequent use;
Sowing: early or mid May is sowed, and seedling medium waters once permeable in 2 ~ 3 days prior to seeding; Take out hybrid seed before sowing to sterilize in the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 2% 15min, be positioned in culture dish after aseptic water washing 3 times and carry out vernalization; Seed dries, and is standard with tack-free, is removed by seed equably and broadcasts on seedling bed, with matrix uniform fold seed about 2mm; Keep stromal surface moistening, adopt sunshade net to carry out sunshade simultaneously;
Seedling management: after sowing one week, starts to observe seed sprouting situation, can suitable hardening after Some seeds germinates; Control weeds and keep stromal surface moistening;
Selection of land is wholely: select fertile soil, the soil is porous, and irrigation and drainage are plot easily, and front stubble should not plant tomato, potato, eggplant, capsicum, beet, pea; Depending on soil fertility, can every mu of (667m
2) execute decomposed manure 500kg, plough even rake after make 1.2m ~ 1.5m wide high furrow;
Seedling replanting: 1. selection has 3 ~ 5 true leaves and transplants without the healthy and strong seedling that damage by disease and insect infects, seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm; 2. Lao Ye and sick leaf is extractd; 3. the depth of planting accomplishes not bury the heart, under not crab rooting; 4. fine day is transplanted afternoon, and cloudy whole day is transplanted; 5. to water after sufficient normal root water and covered with sunshade net by drip irrigation; 6. the growing way situation of routine observation seedling.
As preferably, matrix is vermiculite.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
First, the situation that the workload for hybridization pollination in modern Strwberry Breeding process is relatively large, the present invention adopts and strawberry father, maternal sepal and stamen one to be reinstated after hand peels, and collects the pollen of male parent in container.After within second day, the pollen until male parent scatters, dip pollen with aseptic cotton carrier and it is applied on maternal column cap from the bottom up equably along inflorescence.The method has simply, feature fast; Malformed fruit rate can be reduced and increase ripening rate.Carry out a large amount of artificial hybridization pollinations by the method and can improve strawberry crossbreeding efficiency.
Secondly, tiny for strawberry seed, germination rate is low and slow-footed problem, uses vernalization to improve the germination rate of seed and to reduce germinating time before the present invention adopts sowing.Before strawberry planting seed, shown by test: in culture dish, vernalization is carried out 6 ~ 7 days to the seed after sterilization, the germination process of most seed can be started on the one hand; Seed is not caused again to germinate in culture dish on the other hand.Result of study shows: Japanese strawberry seed (for beauty strawberry seed) adopts the method germination rate to improve all significantly, and germination rate generally all more than 95% (strawberry germination rate is before this generally about 70 ~ 80%); Secondly the time needed for strawberry germination is reduced, strawberry seed is generally sowed down within one week and can be sprouted, substantially neat seedling in three weeks, and the strawberry seed ordinary circumstance of non-vernalization after after planting three weeks strawberry seed start to sprout, 40 ~ 60 talentes seedling together substantially.
Finally, preferred vermiculite can effectively reduce the harm of Strawberry seedlings damping off as Germination textures, then significantly can improve the survival rate of true seed seedling.Before this, when matrix such as adopting common earth, Nutrition Soil and turfy soil carries out strawberry seed seedling-raising, the survival rate relatively low (generally between 40% ~ 60%) of seed seedling and very easy generation " damping off ", thus reduce the survival rate of strawberry true seed seedling, seed seedling seriously can be caused all dead; And adopting vermiculite as matrix to carry out the cultivation of seedling, survival rate is generally all more than 95%.
In sum, the present invention can improve the germination rate of strawberry true seed seedling, the survival rate of seed seedling largely and reduce germinating time, thus lays the foundation with the efficiency improving breeding for promoting strawberry crossbreeding process.
Embodiment
Strawberry hybridization and seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
1. the acquisition of parental apolegamy and hybrid seed
Parental apolegamy: based on the characteristic of father and mother's parental breed, and strawberry cultivars that florescence close complementary according to breeding objective selection traits is as parent.
The collection of pollen and hybridization pollination: mid or late November starts to carry out artificial hybridization pollination.Choose in the previous day of pollination and be about to open flower, strip stamen and the sepal of Parent; Collect paternal pollen in container, the holder paper bag of female parent is packaged to prevent from going here and there powder simultaneously.Within second day, after pollen scatters, dip the pollen of male parent with aseptic cotton carrier and it is applied on maternal column cap along inflorescence from the bottom up equably; To tie after putting paper bag.After Fruit, remove paper bag, remove the bud and fruit that do not do and hybridize simultaneously.
The acquisition of seed and process: mid or late January next year starts hybridization fruit of gathering.To cut down containing seed-bearing fruit surface and smash after fermentation to pieces 6 ~ 7 days.Period often stirs up and down, allow seed further after-ripening be beneficial to improve the germination rate of seed.After strainer filtering seed, be placed on after repeatedly cleaning in water, collect and dry seed; Secondly select the hybrid seed of full seed, reject thin and weak and rudimentary seed; Finally seed is put into refrigerator and cooled to hide one week.
2. nursery
Seedbed prepares: be 1.2m ~ 1.5m with brick one-tenth width, and thickness is the seedling bed of 15cm ~ 20cm, puts into vermiculite as matrix, stromal surface is smoothed rear for subsequent use.
Sowing: early or mid May starts to sow, and seedling medium waters once permeable in 2 ~ 3 days prior to seeding; Take out cryopreserved hybrid seed before sowing to sterilize in the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 2% 15min, be positioned in culture dish after aseptic water washing 3 times and at 26 DEG C, carry out vernalization 6 ~ 7 days; Seed dries, and is standard with tack-free, equably by seed broadcasting on seedling bed, with vermiculite uniform fold seed about 2mm.The humidity utilizing sprayer and sunshade net to make matrix to keep certain.
Seedling management: after sowing one week, starts to observe seed sprouting situation.When can suitable hardening after seed sprouting, fine day 16:00 on the same day opens sunshade net to 10:00 next day, and cloudy whole day is opened; Control weeds and keep humidity.
Selection of land is wholely: select fertile soil, the soil is porous, and irrigation and drainage are plot easily, and front stubble should not plant the crops such as tomato, potato, eggplant, capsicum, beet, pea; Depending on soil fertility, can every mu of (667m
2) execute decomposed manure 500kg, plough even rake after make 1.2m ~ 1.5m wide high furrow; Soil environment quality must meet GB15618-2009 standard of soil environment quality.
Seedling replanting: 1. selection has 3 ~ 5 true leaves and transplants without the healthy and strong seedling that damage by disease and insect infects, seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm; 2. Lao Ye and sick leaf is extractd; 3. the depth of planting accomplishes not bury the heart, under not crab rooting; 4. fine day is transplanted afternoon, and cloudy whole day is transplanted; 5. to water after sufficient normal root water and covered with sunshade net by drip irrigation; 6. the growing way situation of routine observation seedling.
Above-described embodiment of the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any amendment done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. strawberry hybridization and seed seedling-raising method thereof, comprises the following steps:
(1) apolegamy of parent and the acquisition of hybrid seed
Parental apolegamy: based on the characteristic of father and mother's parental breed, and strawberry cultivars that florescence close complementary according to breeding objective selection traits is as parent;
The collection of pollen and hybridization pollination: start to carry out artificial hybridization pollination at initial bloom stage; Choose in the previous day of pollination and be about to open flower, strip the stamen of male parent and sepal and collect pollen; Strip maternal stamen and sepal simultaneously and package paper bag; After within second day, the pollen until male parent scatters, dip pollen with aseptic cotton carrier and it be applied in equably on the column cap of maternal gynoecium, packaging paper bag; Paper bag is removed after strawberry fruit expands;
F
1selection and process for seed: after fruit maturation, start hybridization fruit of gathering, and will cut down smash after fermentation to pieces 6 ~ 7 days containing seed-bearing fruit surface; Period often stirs up and down, allow seed further after-ripening be beneficial to improve the germination rate of seed; After strainer filtering seed, be placed in water and repeatedly clean, collect and dry seed; Select the hybrid seed of full seed, reject thin and weak and rudimentary seed, finally seed is put into refrigerator and cooled and hide preservation;
(2) nursery
Seedbed prepares: be 1.2m ~ 1.5m with brick one-tenth width, and thickness is the seedling bed of 15cm ~ 20cm, puts into matrix, stromal surface is smoothed rear for subsequent use;
Sowing: early or mid May is sowed, and seedling medium waters once permeable in 2 ~ 3 days prior to seeding; Take out hybrid seed before sowing to sterilize in the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 2% 15min, be positioned in culture dish after aseptic water washing 3 times and carry out vernalization; Seed dries, and is standard with tack-free, is removed by seed equably and broadcasts on seedling bed, with matrix uniform fold seed about 2mm; Keep stromal surface moistening, adopt sunshade net to carry out sunshade simultaneously;
Seedling management: after sowing one week, starts to observe seed sprouting situation, can suitable hardening after Some seeds germinates; Control weeds and keep stromal surface moistening;
Selection of land is wholely: select fertile soil, the soil is porous, and irrigation and drainage are plot easily, and front stubble should not plant tomato, potato, eggplant, capsicum, beet, pea; Depending on soil fertility, can every 667m
2execute decomposed manure 500kg, plough even rake after make 1.2m ~ 1.5m wide high furrow;
Seedling replanting: 1. selection has 3 ~ 5 true leaves and transplants without the healthy and strong seedling that damage by disease and insect infects, seeding row spacing 20cm × 20cm; 2. Lao Ye and sick leaf is extractd; 3. the depth of planting accomplishes not bury the heart, under not crab rooting; 4. fine day is transplanted afternoon, and cloudy whole day is transplanted; 5. to water after sufficient normal root water and covered with sunshade net by drip irrigation; 6. the growing way situation of routine observation seedling.
2. strawberry hybridization according to claim 1 and seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that, described matrix is vermiculite.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107155620A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 安徽信福乡田生态农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse strawberry implantation methods |
| CN107182776A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-22 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of cross breeding method of strawberry |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107182776A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-22 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of cross breeding method of strawberry |
| CN107155620A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-09-15 | 安徽信福乡田生态农业有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse strawberry implantation methods |
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