CN104932591A - Automatic saturated vapor pressure measurer and measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Automatic saturated vapor pressure measurer and measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic saturated vapor pressure measurer and a measuring method thereof. The measurer comprises a water bath body; a circulating pump; an electric heating rod, a temperature sensor, and an oxygen bomb arranged in the water bath body; a voltage-regulating module; a motor for driving the oxygen bomb to rotate; a pressure sensor used for measuring the saturated vapor pressure of to-be-measured oil; and a controller connected with the temperature sensor, the voltage-regulating module, the motor, and the pressure sensor; a to-be-measured oil sample is contained in the oxygen bomb; the voltage-regulating module regulates the output voltage of an output terminal according to a voltage control quantity received by a control terminal; the output terminal of the voltage-regulating module is connected with the electric heating rod; and the controller receives the actual temperature value in the water bath body detected by the temperature sensor and a water-bath temperature set value and outputs the voltage control quantity to the control terminal of the voltage-regulating module. According to the automatic saturated vapor pressure measurer and the measuring method thereof, the precision of the water-bath temperature can be controlled, and the accuracy and the precision of measuring results of the saturated vapor pressure which has an obviously corresponding relation with the temperature can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of saturated vapour pressure determinator, be specially a kind of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer and assay method thereof.
Background technology
Water bath with thermostatic control be the experimental science fields such as biology, plant, physics, chemical industry, medical treatment, environmental protection directly or the exact instrument of auxiliary heating, good water bath with thermostatic control product needed ensures that temperature fluctuation is little, realize bath temperature and accurately controls.
Steam pressure during equilibrium state is at a certain temperature with neat liquid, be called the saturated vapour pressure at this temperature, visible Liquid saturated vapor changes with temperature change, temperature is the key factor affecting vapor pressure, measure the saturated vapour pressure of a certain liquid under different temperatures if therefore think accurately, more need the high precision completing temperature of quick and stable to control.
The industrial processes such as chemical industry, oil refining, metallurgy, power station, pharmacy and papermaking and other real application systems extensively also exist time delay.Due to the existence of time lag, make controlled volume can not reflect the disturbance that system is born in time, produce the regulating time that obvious hyperharmonic is longer, even cause the instability of system.But in the face of day by day complicated system, as have large dead time, non-linear, time become, etc. feature, be difficult to set up accurate mathematical model, limit the application in systems in practice of existing control theory, therefore the PID not relying on model in practice control still dominate.But along with the develop rapidly of science and technology, PID controls to be difficult to the requirement meeting high precision, high speed and environmental change adaptive faculty.Pid control mode of the prior art is along with continuous application, progressively manifest following shortcoming: 1. the change of closed-loop dynamic product confrontation PID gain is too responsive, because the environment of controlled device often changes, need often variation PID gain, this makes the practical application of PID be subject to a definite limitation; 2. water bath with thermostatic control system has certain inertia, and its measured temperature Pv is dynamical output, allows continually varying Pv totally linearization by the outside Step reference value Sv provided of control system, the irrationality that this also exists " natural "; 3. " error is eliminated based on Error Feedback " and is the marrow of PID, but directly choose this error, usually make initial control too large and make system action occur overshoot, this shortcoming is the main cause producing contradiction between " rapidity " and " overshoot " in the closed-loop system causing PID to control; 4. PID is ratio according to error, the weighted sum form of integration, differential forms feedback control amount, but, except directly measuring except the occasion (in reality, this occasion is fewer) of agenda pace of change, owing to there is no proper differentiator, usually only with PI (error free Derivative Feedback) control law, limit the control ability of PID.
Saturated vapour pressure determinator of the prior art, generally control said temperature based on manual control mode or pid control mode, in automatically controlling, in the ratio (P) of deviation, it is very extensive that the PID that integration (I) and differential (D) carry out controlled device control controls the application of anti-formula, but it is difficult to take into account static characteristics and dynamic indicator, and due to temperature control there is the large characteristic of time constant, pid control mode is often because overshoot is excessive, saturation integral, can not good real-time matching controlled system characteristic and cause and control chaotic result, control effects is not good, and then directly affect the measurement result of saturated vapour pressure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the proposition of above problem, and a kind of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer of development and assay method thereof.
Technological means of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer, comprising:
There is the water-bath cell body of water inlet and water delivering orifice;
Ebullator; The water inlet pipe of described ebullator connects described water delivering orifice, and the rising pipe of described ebullator connects described water inlet;
Be placed in the electrically heated rod in water-bath cell body, temperature sensor and oxygen bomb; Splendid attire oil product sample to be measured in described oxygen bomb; Described temperature sensor is placed in water-bath cell body, for detecting bath temperature actual value;
There is the voltage regulating module of input end, output terminal and control end; The output voltage of the voltage control quantity adjustment output terminal that described voltage regulating module receives according to control end; The output terminal of described voltage regulating module connects described electrically heated rod; The input end of described voltage regulating module connects single-phase 220V alternating current;
By the motor that gear train drives described oxygen bomb to rotate;
Measure the pressure transducer of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured;
Touch display screen; User is by performing touch operation input bath temperature setting value to touch display screen;
Connect the controller of described temperature sensor, voltage regulating module, motor, pressure transducer and touch display screen, the bath temperature setting value that actual temperature value in the water-bath cell body that this controller reception temperature sensor detects and touch display screen transmit, and output voltage control amount is to the control end of voltage regulating module;
Described controller realizes the output of voltage control quantity in the following manner:
S1: make L=Y (m)=Y (m-1)=PV (m), U (m)=U (m-1)=0; Wherein: the temperature guiding value that the initial value that L is temperature guiding value, Y (m) are the m moment, Y (m-1) is the temperature guiding value in m-1 moment, U (m) is the voltage control quantity in m moment, U (m-1) is the voltage control quantity in m-1 moment, m order of representation, value are 1,2 ..., n;
S2: obtain the deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
S3: to the absolute value of deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | e (m) |, DL1, dynamic deviation is limit to limit DL2 to compare with steady-state deviation, when | e (m) | during > DL2, perform S4, when DL1≤| e (m) |≤DL2, perform S5, when | e (m) | during < DL1, perform S9;
S4: as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module; As e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, performs S9;
S5: pass through formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, wherein, T represents guiding time coefficient;
S6: draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
S7: by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, wherein, and A
pfor location entries regulating parameter, A
vfor speed term regulating parameter, E (m-1) is the deviation between the guiding value Y (m-1) in m-1 moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m-1);
S8: utilize formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, perform S9;
S9: controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), is, performs S11, otherwise perform S10;
S10: pass in time and enter subsequent time, make m=m+1, return S3;
S11: controller controls described electric motor starting, described pressure transducer completes the mensuration of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured;
In addition, described analyzer also comprises the first relay and the second relay that coil is all connected with described controller; The normally opened contact of the first relay and the normally opened contact of the second relay are all serially connected in the current supply circuit of single-phase 220V alternating current; The break-make of voltage regulating module input voltage and ebullator supply voltage is realized by the state of the normally opened contact controlling the first relay; The break-make of described feeding electric motors voltage is realized by the state of the normally opened contact controlling the second relay;
In addition, described analyzer also comprises the printer that can print oil product saturated vapour pressure force data to be measured.
An assay method for full-automatic saturated vapor pressure analyzer as above, comprises the steps:
Step 1: ON cycle pump;
Step 2: bath temperature setting value SV (m) providing the m moment, temperature sensor detects bath temperature actual value PV (m) in m moment;
Step 3: make L=Y (m)=Y (m-1)=PV (m), U (m)=U (m-1)=0; Wherein: the temperature guiding value that the initial value that L is temperature guiding value, Y (m) are the m moment, Y (m-1) is the temperature guiding value in m-1 moment, U (m) is the voltage control quantity in m moment, U (m-1) is the voltage control quantity in m-1 moment, m order of representation, value are 1,2 ..., n;
Step 4: obtain the deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
Step 5: to the absolute value of deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | e (m) |, DL1, dynamic deviation is limit to limit DL2 to compare with steady-state deviation, when | e (m) | during > DL2, perform step 6, when DL1≤| e (m) |≤DL2, perform step 7, when | e (m) | during < DL1, perform step 11;
Step 6: as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module; As e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, performs step 11;
Step 7: pass through formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, wherein, T represents guiding time coefficient;
Step 8: draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
Step 9: by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, wherein, and A
pfor location entries regulating parameter, A
vfor speed term regulating parameter, E (m-1) is the deviation between the guiding value Y (m-1) in m-1 moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m-1);
Step 10: utilize formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, perform step 11;
Step 11: controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), is, performs step 13, otherwise perform step 12;
Step 12: pass in time and enter subsequent time, make m=m+1, return step 5;
Step 13: controller controls described electric motor starting, described pressure transducer completes the mensuration of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured;
Further, formula
obtain in the following way:
1. adopt first order inertial loop step response model as guiding model
in formula, G (s) represents that transport function, Y (s) represent output, X (s) represents input, K represents steady-state gain, T
fexpression time constant, s represent temporal operator;
2. difference equation is obtained according to constructed guiding model
t in formula
srepresent sampling time, y (m) represent the output in m moment, y (m-1) represents the m-1 moment output, input that x (m) represents the m moment;
3. temperature guidance function y (m)=a*y (m-1)+(1-a) * x (m), a in formula is drawn according to difference equation
represent filtering factor;
4. T=T is made
f, T
s=1, y (m)=y (m)-L, y (m-1)=y (m-1)-L, x (m)=SV (m)-L, draws the computing formula of guiding value Y (m) by temperature guidance function
Further, as | e (m) | during=DL2, described controller output voltage control amount U (m) to voltage regulating module control end before, first incision point value is set and makes the voltage control quantity exported equal to cut point value;
Further, as SV (m)-DL2 < PV (m) < SV (m)+DL2, described controller is in real time by the absolute value of the deviation between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | E (m) |, compare with C*DL2, when | E (m) | during>=C*DL2, again utilize formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module, and wherein, C is secondary steering coefficient;
Further, described controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches bath temperature setting value SV (m) within the 3T time, otherwise again utilizes formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module;
Further, described controller compares each vapor pressure data of oil product to be measured that pressure transducer exports, to determine that maximum vapor pressure data is as saturation vapour pressure; After determining saturation vapour pressure, carry out storage and the printing of described saturation vapour pressure.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer provided by the invention and assay method thereof, to the control of bath temperature, in stability characteristic (quality), the requirement of actual value according to lead track of controlled device can be made, incremental tracking, effective suppression vibration and overshoot, response time can not be extended while the good control effects of acquisition, effectively can control uncertain large dead time non-linear object simultaneously, show stronger robustness and adaptability, fully demonstrate the advantage of gamma controller.The present invention by precision controlling to bath temperature, and then to ensure and temperature has accuracy and the precision of the measurement result of the saturated vapour pressure of obvious corresponding relation, can be applicable to the Petrochemical Engineering Analysis instrument that accuracy requirement is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of analyzer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of assay method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the wiring diagram of analyzer of the present invention.
In figure: 1, heating rod, 2, water-bath cell body.
Embodiment
For making the object of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making other embodiments all obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer of one as shown in Figure 1, comprising: the water-bath cell body with water inlet and water delivering orifice; Ebullator; The water inlet pipe of described ebullator connects described water delivering orifice, and the rising pipe of described ebullator connects described water inlet; Be placed in the electrically heated rod in water-bath cell body, temperature sensor and oxygen bomb; Splendid attire oil product sample to be measured in described oxygen bomb; Described temperature sensor is placed in water-bath cell body, for detecting bath temperature actual value; There is the voltage regulating module of input end, output terminal and control end; The output voltage of the voltage control quantity adjustment output terminal that described voltage regulating module receives according to control end; The output terminal of described voltage regulating module connects described electrically heated rod; The input end of described voltage regulating module connects single-phase 220V alternating current; By the motor that gear train drives described oxygen bomb to rotate; Measure the pressure transducer of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured; Touch display screen; User is by performing touch operation input bath temperature setting value to touch display screen; Connect the controller of described temperature sensor, voltage regulating module, motor, pressure transducer and touch display screen, the bath temperature setting value that actual temperature value in the water-bath cell body that this controller reception temperature sensor detects and touch display screen transmit, and output voltage control amount is to the control end of voltage regulating module; Described controller realizes the output of voltage control quantity in the following manner:
S1: make L=Y (m)=Y (m-1)=PV (m), U (m)=U (m-1)=0; Wherein: the temperature guiding value that the initial value that L is temperature guiding value, Y (m) are the m moment, Y (m-1) is the temperature guiding value in m-1 moment, U (m) is the voltage control quantity in m moment, U (m-1) is the voltage control quantity in m-1 moment, m order of representation, value are 1,2 ..., n;
S2: obtain the deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
S3: to the absolute value of deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | e (m) |, DL1, dynamic deviation is limit to limit DL2 to compare with steady-state deviation, when | e (m) | during > DL2, perform S4, when DL1≤| e (m) |≤DL2, perform S5, when | e (m) | during < DL1, perform S9;
S4: as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module; As e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, performs S9;
S5: pass through formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, wherein, T represents guiding time coefficient;
S6: draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
S7: by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, wherein, and A
pfor location entries regulating parameter, A
vfor speed term regulating parameter, E (m-1) is the deviation between the guiding value Y (m-1) in m-1 moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m-1);
S8: utilize formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, perform S9;
S9: controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), is, performs S11, otherwise perform S10;
S10: pass in time and enter subsequent time, make m=m+1, return S3;
S11: controller controls described electric motor starting, described pressure transducer completes the mensuration of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured;
In addition, described analyzer also comprises the first relay and the second relay that coil is all connected with described controller; The normally opened contact of the first relay and the normally opened contact of the second relay are all serially connected in the current supply circuit of single-phase 220V alternating current; The break-make of voltage regulating module input voltage and ebullator supply voltage is realized by the state of the normally opened contact controlling the first relay; The break-make of described feeding electric motors voltage is realized by the state of the normally opened contact controlling the second relay; In addition, described analyzer also comprises the printer that can print oil product saturated vapour pressure force data to be measured; Described touch display screen is MCGS touch display screen.Fig. 3 shows the wiring diagram of analyzer of the present invention, and wherein J1 is the first relay, and J2 is the second relay, and controller is connected by RS485 bus with touch display screen, and printer is connected by RS232 bus with touch display screen.
The assay method of full-automatic saturated vapor pressure analyzer a kind of as above as shown in Figure 2, comprises the steps:
Step 1: ON cycle pump;
Step 2: bath temperature setting value SV (m) providing the m moment, temperature sensor detects bath temperature actual value PV (m) in m moment;
Step 3: make L=Y (m)=Y (m-1)=PV (m), U (m)=U (m-1)=0; Wherein: the temperature guiding value that the initial value that L is temperature guiding value, Y (m) are the m moment, Y (m-1) is the temperature guiding value in m-1 moment, U (m) is the voltage control quantity in m moment, U (m-1) is the voltage control quantity in m-1 moment, m order of representation, value are 1,2 ..., n;
Step 4: obtain the deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
Step 5: to the absolute value of deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | e (m) |, DL1, dynamic deviation is limit to limit DL2 to compare with steady-state deviation, when | e (m) | during > DL2, perform step 6, when DL1≤| e (m) |≤DL2, perform step 7, when | e (m) | during < DL1, perform step 11;
Step 6: as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module; As e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, performs step 11;
Step 7: pass through formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, wherein, T represents guiding time coefficient;
Step 8: draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
Step 9: by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, wherein, and A
pfor location entries regulating parameter, A
vfor speed term regulating parameter, E (m-1) is the deviation between the guiding value Y (m-1) in m-1 moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m-1);
Step 10: utilize formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, perform step 11;
Step 11: controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), is, performs step 13, otherwise perform step 12;
Step 12: pass in time and enter subsequent time, make m=m+1, return step 5;
Step 13: controller controls described electric motor starting, described pressure transducer completes the mensuration of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured;
Further, formula
obtain in the following way:
1. adopt first order inertial loop step response model as guiding model
in formula, G (s) represents that transport function, Y (s) represent output, X (s) represents input, K represents steady-state gain, T
fexpression time constant, s represent temporal operator;
2. difference equation is obtained according to constructed guiding model
t in formula
srepresent sampling time, y (m) represent the output in m moment, y (m-1) represents the m-1 moment output, input that x (m) represents the m moment;
3. temperature guidance function y (m)=a*y (m-1)+(1-a) * x (m), a in formula is drawn according to difference equation
represent filtering factor;
4. T=T is made
f, T
s=1, y (m)=y (m)-L, y (m-1)=y (m-1)-L, x (m)=SV (m)-L, draws the computing formula of guiding value Y (m) by temperature guidance function
Further, as SV (m)-DL2 < PV (m) < SV (m)+DL2, described controller is in real time by the absolute value of the deviation between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | E (m) |, compare with C*DL2, when | E (m) | during>=C*DL2, again utilize formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module, and wherein, C is secondary steering coefficient; Further, described controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches bath temperature setting value SV (m) within the 3T time, otherwise again utilizes formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module; Further, described controller compares each vapor pressure data of oil product to be measured that pressure transducer exports, to determine that maximum vapor pressure data is as saturation vapour pressure; After determining saturation vapour pressure, carry out storage and the printing of described saturation vapour pressure.
Steady-state deviation limit DL1 of the present invention and dynamic deviation limit DL2 is the deviation limit value of setting, wherein: DL1 and DL2 sets according to technological requirement, be positive number, and DL1 < DL2, as | e (m) | the absolute value of the deviation e (m) during > DL2 between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) is greater than dynamic deviation and limits, missing by a mile between the setting value of controlled device and actual value is then described, need to adopt all-out control strategy, be specially as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, as e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, when DL1≤| e (m) | the absolute value of the deviation e (m) between≤DL2 i.e. bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) is between steady-state deviation is limit and dynamic deviation is limit, so in order to make the actual value of controlled device reach setting value with suitable speed, and reduce even oscillation-damped overshoot, first order inertial loop is then adopted to lead strategy, specifically by formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m), by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) is utilized to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, this strategy does not rely on the model of controlled device, only need rough qualitative understanding plant characteristic, be applicable to the control to uncertainty plant.
The present invention is as | e (m) | during=DL2, described controller output voltage control amount U (m) to voltage regulating module control end before, first incision point value is set and makes the voltage control quantity exported equal to cut point value, namely be transformed into by all-out control strategy first order inertial loop lead strategy process in, controller realizes the control of voltage regulating module output voltage according to the point of penetration arranged, the point of penetration of above-mentioned setting is the voltage control quantity that bath temperature control system reaches the output of steady state (SS) Time Controller, the excessive vibration that causes of controller action and overshoot can be prevented like this, effectively can prevent overshoot, and then realize living of control, what control is steady, otherwise be transformed into by all-out control strategy first order inertial loop lead strategy process in, the voltage control quantity that controller exports leads voltage control quantity U (m) under strategy by being adjusted to first order inertial loop from maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable or minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable, the easy phenomenon occurring vibration or overshoot, in addition, after bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches bath temperature setting value SV (m), described controller is in real time by the absolute value of the deviation between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | E (m) |, compare with C*DL2, when | E (m) | during>=C*DL2, again utilize formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module, can realize like this when the steady working condition of temperature control system is destroyed, to controlled device as temperature leads again, realize the requirement of actual value according to lead track that still can make controlled device under there is disturbance situation, incremental tracking, such as when the oxygen bomb that oil sample is housed is put into water-bath cell body, actual water temperature will decline, disturbance will be caused to the temperature equilibrium reached, at this moment execution is guided again.Described controller also judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches bath temperature setting value SV (m) within the 3T time, otherwise again utilizes formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module, can realize then again guiding when bath temperature actual value PV (m) can not reach bath temperature setting value SV (m) within the 3T time.
The present invention works as bath temperature actual value PV (m) and reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), the oxygen bomb that oil sample is housed is put into water-bath cell body, here bath temperature actual value PV (m) is stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), bath temperature actual value PV (m) can be detected during embody rule be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m) and remain constant in 5 minutes, described determination of pressure sensor steam pressure after oil sample expands, controller compares each vapor pressure data of oil product to be measured that pressure transducer exports, to determine that maximum vapor pressure data is as saturation vapour pressure, described analyzer also comprises the storer for storing saturated vapour pressure force value and can print the printer of saturated vapour pressure force data, after determining saturation vapour pressure, saturation vapour pressure stored simultaneously and print, be connected by resistance between controller and the control end of voltage regulating module, 4 ~ 20mA current signal that controller exports can be converted to 1 ~ 5V voltage signal by this resistance, and then controls voltage regulating module output 0 ~ 220V voltage.Controller compares one by one to each vapor pressure data of oil product to be measured that pressure transducer exports, to determine that maximum vapor pressure data is as follows as the process of saturation vapour pressure:
max1＝max
IF body pressure measured value >max THEN
Max=body pressure measured value
ENDIF
IF max1-max＝0THEN
tt＝tt+1
ELSE
tt＝0
ENDIF
IF tt＝120THEN
Body pressure stability value=max
ENDIF
Wherein max1, max are intermediate variable, and tt represents the time.
The present invention is to the control of bath temperature, in stability characteristic (quality), the requirement of actual value according to lead track of controlled device can be made, incremental tracking, effective suppression vibration and overshoot, can not extend the response time, effectively can control uncertain large dead time non-linear object simultaneously while the good control effects of acquisition, show stronger robustness and adaptability, fully demonstrate the advantage of gamma controller.
The present invention by precision controlling to bath temperature, and then to ensure and temperature has accuracy and the precision of the measurement result of the saturated vapour pressure of obvious corresponding relation, can be applicable to the Petrochemical Engineering Analysis instrument that accuracy requirement is higher.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer, is characterized in that described analyzer comprises:
There is the water-bath cell body of water inlet and water delivering orifice;
Ebullator; The water inlet pipe of described ebullator connects described water delivering orifice, and the rising pipe of described ebullator connects described water inlet;
Be placed in the electrically heated rod in water-bath cell body, temperature sensor and oxygen bomb; Splendid attire oil product sample to be measured in described oxygen bomb; Described temperature sensor is placed in water-bath cell body, for detecting bath temperature actual value;
There is the voltage regulating module of input end, output terminal and control end; The output voltage of the voltage control quantity adjustment output terminal that described voltage regulating module receives according to control end; The output terminal of described voltage regulating module connects described electrically heated rod; The input end of described voltage regulating module connects single-phase 220V alternating current;
By the motor that gear train drives described oxygen bomb to rotate;
Measure the pressure transducer of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured;
Touch display screen; User is by performing touch operation input bath temperature setting value to touch display screen;
Connect the controller of described temperature sensor, voltage regulating module, motor, pressure transducer and touch display screen, the bath temperature setting value that actual temperature value in the water-bath cell body that this controller reception temperature sensor detects and touch display screen transmit, and output voltage control amount is to the control end of voltage regulating module;
Described controller realizes the output of voltage control quantity in the following manner:
S1: make L=Y (m)=Y (m-1)=PV (m), U (m)=U (m-1)=0; Wherein: the temperature guiding value that the initial value that L is temperature guiding value, Y (m) are the m moment, Y (m-1) is the temperature guiding value in m-1 moment, U (m) is the voltage control quantity in m moment, U (m-1) is the voltage control quantity in m-1 moment, m order of representation, value are 1,2 ..., n;
S2: obtain the deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
S3: to the absolute value of deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | e (m) |, DL1, dynamic deviation is limit to limit DL2 to compare with steady-state deviation, when | e (m) | during > DL2, perform S4, when DL1≤| e (m) |≤DL2, perform S5, when | e (m) | during < DL1, perform S9;
S4: as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module; As e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, performs S9;
S5: pass through formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, wherein, T represents guiding time coefficient;
S6: draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
S7: by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, wherein, and A
pfor location entries regulating parameter, A
vfor speed term regulating parameter, E (m-1) is the deviation between the guiding value Y (m-1) in m-1 moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m-1);
S8: utilize formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, perform S9;
S9: controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), is, performs S11, otherwise perform S10;
S10: pass in time and enter subsequent time, make m=m+1, return S3;
S11: controller controls described electric motor starting, described pressure transducer completes the mensuration of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured.
2. full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 1, is characterized in that described analyzer also comprises the first relay and the second relay that coil is all connected with described controller; The normally opened contact of the first relay and the normally opened contact of the second relay are all serially connected in the current supply circuit of single-phase 220V alternating current; The break-make of voltage regulating module input voltage and ebullator supply voltage is realized by the state of the normally opened contact controlling the first relay; The break-make of described feeding electric motors voltage is realized by the state of the normally opened contact controlling the second relay.
3. full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 1, is characterized in that described analyzer also comprises the printer that can print oil product saturated vapour pressure force data to be measured.
4. an assay method for full-automatic saturated vapor pressure analyzer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described assay method comprises the steps:
Step 1: ON cycle pump;
Step 2: bath temperature setting value SV (m) providing the m moment, temperature sensor detects bath temperature actual value PV (m) in m moment;
Step 3: make L=Y (m)=Y (m-1)=PV (m), U (m)=U (m-1)=0; Wherein: the temperature guiding value that the initial value that L is temperature guiding value, Y (m) are the m moment, Y (m-1) is the temperature guiding value in m-1 moment, U (m) is the voltage control quantity in m moment, U (m-1) is the voltage control quantity in m-1 moment, m order of representation, value are 1,2 ..., n;
Step 4: obtain the deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
Step 5: to the absolute value of deviation e (m) between bath temperature setting value SV (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | e (m) |, DL1, dynamic deviation is limit to limit DL2 to compare with steady-state deviation, when | e (m) | during > DL2, perform step 6, when DL1≤| e (m) |≤DL2, perform step 7, when | e (m) | during < DL1, perform step 11;
Step 6: as e (m) > 0, controller exports the control end of maximum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module; As e (m) < 0, controller exports the control end of minimum voltage controlled quentity controlled variable to voltage regulating module, performs step 11;
Step 7: pass through formula
draw guiding value Y (m) in m moment, wherein, T represents guiding time coefficient;
Step 8: draw the deviation E (m) between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m);
Step 9: by formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] draws voltage control quantity variation delta U (m) in m moment, wherein, and A
pfor location entries regulating parameter, A
vfor speed term regulating parameter, E (m-1) is the deviation between the guiding value Y (m-1) in m-1 moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m-1);
Step 10: utilize formula U (m)=U (m-1)+Δ U (m) to draw voltage control quantity U (m) in m moment, controller output voltage control amount U (m) to the control end of voltage regulating module to control the output voltage of voltage regulating module, and then regulate the heating power of electrically heated rod to realize the control of bath temperature, perform step 11;
Step 11: controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches and be stabilized in bath temperature setting value SV (m), is, performs step 13, otherwise perform step 12;
Step 12: pass in time and enter subsequent time, make m=m+1, return step 5;
Step 13: controller controls described electric motor starting, described pressure transducer completes the mensuration of oil product saturation vapour pressure to be measured.
5. the assay method of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 4, is characterized in that formula
Obtain in the following way:
1. adopt first order inertial loop step response model as guiding model
in formula, G (s) represents that transport function, Y (s) represent output, X (s) represents input, K represents steady-state gain, T
fexpression time constant, s represent temporal operator;
2. difference equation is obtained according to constructed guiding model
t in formula
srepresent sampling time, y (m) represent the output in m moment, y (m-1) represents the m-1 moment output, input that x (m) represents the m moment;
3. temperature guidance function y (m)=a*y (m-1)+(1-a) * x (m), a in formula is drawn according to difference equation
represent filtering factor;
4. T=T is made
f, T
s=1, y (m)=y (m)-L, y (m-1)=y (m-1)-L, x (m)=SV (m)-L, draws the computing formula of guiding value Y (m) by temperature guidance function
6. the assay method of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that as | e (m) | during=DL2, described controller output voltage control amount U (m) to voltage regulating module control end before, first arrange incision point value and make export voltage control quantity equal cut point value.
7. the assay method of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that as SV (m)-DL2 < PV (m) < SV (m)+DL2, described controller is in real time by the absolute value of the deviation between guiding value Y (m) in m moment and bath temperature actual value PV (m) | E (m) |, compare with C*DL2, when | E (m) | during>=C*DL2, again utilize formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module, and wherein, C is secondary steering coefficient.
8. the assay method of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described controller judges whether bath temperature actual value PV (m) reaches bath temperature setting value SV (m) within the 3T time, otherwise again utilize formula Δ U (m)=A
p* E (m)+A
v* [E (m)-E (m-1)] show that voltage regulating module exports controling parameters Δ U (m), and then controller output voltage control amount U (m) is to the control end of voltage regulating module.
9. the assay method of full-automatic saturated vapour pressure analyzer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described controller compares each vapor pressure data of oil product to be measured that pressure transducer exports, to determine that maximum vapor pressure data is as saturation vapour pressure; After determining saturation vapour pressure, carry out storage and the printing of described saturation vapour pressure.
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