CN104931336A - Test device for testing creep of metal materials under low stress - Google Patents
Test device for testing creep of metal materials under low stress Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for testing creep of metal materials under a low stress. According to a traditional uni-axial creep test device, due to the fact that the strain resolution ratio is low, so that the creep test demand of the metal materials under the low stress cannot be met. The test device for testing the creep of the metal materials under the low stress is based on a pure torsional deformation principle, a sample to be tested is processed into a spiral-shaped sample, a certain temperature and a small loading are imposed, a non-contact type optical measuring system is used to test the elongation of a screw pitch of the sample with the increase of time, and therefore the creep property of the metal materials under the low stress is researched. The test device comprises a main rack, the non-contact optical measuring system, a sample fixture, an open-window type high-temperature furnace, a spiral sample, a fixed support component, a computer and a connecting wire. Low-stress creep data tested by the test device for testing the creep of the metal materials under the low stress can provide a reference for safety evaluation and life forecast of pipelines of a nuclear power plant and a heat-engine plant.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the creep test device under metal material low stress, especially for the creep evaluating apparatus of heat-resisting steel under high temperature low stress.
Background technology:
The service life of thermoelectricity, nuclear power plant's high-temperature portion, requires that deformation quantity is no more than 1% more than 20 years, and therefore the creep rate of its heat proof material used will lower than 10
-10, namely there is the creep under low stress in/s.Traditional creep test method, is all adopt uniaxial tensile test, and adopts sensor to carry out the measurement of elongation, because this experimental technique is based on stretcher strain, the deformation ratio that it is measured is lower, generally 10
-6~ 10
-5between/s, the more high-precision test request for creep under low stress can not be met, as shown in Figure 9.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to solve the problem that existing uniaxial static creep test method can not meet the more high precision measurement for creep under low stress, provide a kind of and test the creep test device of metal material under low stress.
The present invention completes under the advanced Mechatronic Systems design in Tianjin with the guidance of Based Intelligent Control key lab (Tianjin key Laboratoryof the Design and Intelligent Control of the Advanced Mechatronical System).
The creep test device of test metal material provided by the invention under low stress, comprising: mainframe, contactless light measuring system, specimen holder, fenestration high temperature furnace, spiral sample, fixed mount assembly, computing machine and connecting line; Wherein, described mainframe adopts two column portal type framed structure, described fenestration high temperature furnace is fixedly mounted on a heel post of mainframe by the mounting bracket of side, spiral sample is arranged on specimen holder, specimen holder is arranged on the center of the entablature of mainframe, and ensures that spiral sample is positioned over the center of fenestration high temperature furnace inside; Contactless light measuring system comprises receiver, transmitter, display and connecting line, transmitter and receiver are arranged on fixed mount assembly respectively, fixed mount assembly is fixed on the column of mainframe; rocking arm is fixed on the column of main frame; and ensure that the transmitter of contactless light measuring system and receiver are arranged on the relative side of fenestration high temperature furnace respectively, and ensure that the LED radiation light in the transmitter of contactless light measuring system can arrive in receiver through spiral sample simultaneously; With connecting line, contactless light measuring system and computing machine are coupled together, micro-year is applied to spiral sample, use computer recording experimentation.
The center of described mainframe entablature has threaded connection hole, is used for installing specimen holder.
The transmitter of described contactless light measuring system can launch the green LED radiant light of high brightness, radiant light is on sample, then the image of sample and data will show on the receiver, by connecting line the most at last sample image reflection on computers.
Described fixed mount assembly moves fixed mount two parts by rocking arm and cross and forms, the outer image one of rocking arm curves the arm of 90 degree, comprise that one is long and the other is short, be arranged on the same position of the column of mainframe respectively, minor face and the same length in long limit compared with short rocker arm| of longer rocking arm, the object of such design can ensure that the transmitter of contactless light measuring system and receiver are in same cross section, the long limit of longer rocking arm is greater than the width of fenestration high temperature furnace, ensure that the receiver of contactless light measuring system and transmitter are arranged on the both sides of fenestration high temperature furnace, simultaneously in the outer end of rocking arm, be provided with dove-tail form guide runner, the cushion block that in guide runner, placing height is different respectively, eliminate by the difference in height of installing rocking arm generation with cushion block, cross moves fixed mount and is made up of two movable stands that vertical angle is laid in the horizontal plane, transmitter and the receiver of contactless light measuring system can be moved like this at the fore-and-aft direction of observation window place straight line, contactless light measuring system is made to keep away window high temperature furnace, in order to avoid noncontact light measuring system is burnt, transmitter and the receiver of contactless light measuring system can be moved simultaneously at the left and right directions of the straight line perpendicular to observation window place, the transmitting terminal of contactless light measuring system and mobile terminal are on same straight line, and keep best visual angle.
Described fenestration high temperature furnace is on the basis of existing three-stage heating furnace, two rectangle view windows are symmetrical arranged in the rear and front end of high temperature furnace, to observe the stress of spiral sample in experimentation, simultaneously in order to ensure the heat-insulating property of fenestration high temperature furnace, adopt double-deck quartz glass, the periphery of quartz glass uses high temperature alloy metal material parcel, and the rectangular window reserving observation is long 10cm, wide 3.5cm.
The cross section of described specimen holder is circular, and adopt high-temperature alloy material, specimen holder is divided into fixed and connected two kinds, and fixed specimen holder is mainly divided into Tension and Compression two kinds, and stretching clamp has cylinder shape groove at end; And compression clamp has cylindrical protrusions at end.Accept the fixture of part, external diameter is identical, has internal thread or external thread at upper and lower two ends, and object is the central authorities that sample can be hung on fenestration high temperature furnace, makes it be heated evenly.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
Traditional uniaxial static creep test device, because strain resolution is low, metal material creep testing requirement under low stress can not be met, apparatus of the present invention are based on pure torsional deflection principle, testing sample is processed into spiral fashion sample, additional certain temperature and small load, the elongation increased in time by contactless light measuring system measurement sample pitch, and then the croop property of research metal material under low stress.The low stress creep data that this test unit is surveyed, can be nuclear power, the safety evaluatio of thermal power plant's pipeline and life prediction and provides reference.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is single unit system structural representation sketch.In figure, 1 is mainframe, and 2 is contactless light measuring systems, and 3 is that cross moves fixed mount, and 4 is connecting lines, and 5 is computing machines, and 6 is specimen holders, and 7 is fenestration high temperature furnaces, and 8 is spiral samples, and 9 is rocking arms.
Fig. 2 is that cross moves fixed mount schematic diagram, and cross moves fixed mount horizontal positioned, by cushion block, is placed in the dove-tail form guide runner of rocking arm.
Fig. 3 is long rocking arm schematic diagram, and rocking arm is made up of component 1 and component 2, and component 1 is identical with the column diameter of mainframe with the diameter of a circle that component 2 surrounds, and is fixed on the column of mainframe by screw bolt and nut.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of short rocker arm|.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of fenestration high temperature furnace, wherein side direction support and main examination plane angle at 45 °.
Fig. 6 is the left view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is drawing specimen holder.
Fig. 8 is compression specimen holder.
Fig. 9 is under low stress, based on uniaxial tension creep with based on pure torsion multiaxis volute spring creep curve mode chart.Single shaft creep strain rate is low, and spiral sample has high strain resolution.
The spiral creep sample of Figure 10 to be cross section be rectangle.
Figure 11 be P91 650 DEG C time, when pressure is respectively 17MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa, corresponding creep curve.
Embodiment:
Embodiment:
Test the creep test device of metal material under low stress as shown in Figure 1, this device mainly comprises: mainframe 1, contactless light measuring system 2, specimen holder 6, fenestration high temperature furnace 7, spiral sample 8, fixed mount assembly, computing machine 5 and connecting line 4 etc.; Wherein, described mainframe adopts two column portal type framed structure, described fenestration high temperature furnace is fixedly mounted on a heel post of mainframe by the mounting bracket of side, spiral sample is arranged on specimen holder, specimen holder is arranged on the center of the entablature of mainframe, and ensures that spiral sample is positioned over the center of fenestration high temperature furnace inside; Contactless light measuring system comprises receiver, transmitter, display and connecting line, transmitter and receiver are arranged on fixed mount assembly respectively, fixed mount assembly is fixed on the column of mainframe; rocking arm is fixed on the column of main frame; and ensure that the transmitter of contactless light measuring system and receiver are arranged on the relative side of fenestration high temperature furnace respectively, and ensure that the LED radiation light in the transmitter of contactless light measuring system can arrive in receiver through spiral sample simultaneously; With connecting line, contactless light measuring system and computing machine are coupled together, micro-year is applied to spiral sample, use computer recording experimentation.
The center of described mainframe entablature has threaded connection hole, is used for installing specimen holder.
The transmitter of described contactless light measuring system can launch the green LED radiant light of high brightness, radiant light is on sample, then the image of sample and data will show on the receiver, by connecting line the most at last sample image reflection on computers.
Described fixed mount assembly moves fixed mount 3 two parts by rocking arm 9 and cross and forms, the outer image one of rocking arm curves the arm of 90 degree, comprise that one is long and the other is short (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), be arranged on the horn of mainframe and the same position of column respectively, minor face and the same length in long limit compared with short rocker arm| of longer rocking arm, the object of such design can ensure that the transmitter of contactless light measuring system and receiver are in same cross section, the long limit of longer rocking arm is greater than the width of fenestration high temperature furnace, ensure that the receiver of contactless light measuring system and transmitter are arranged on the both sides of fenestration high temperature furnace, simultaneously in the outer end of rocking arm, be provided with dove-tail form guide runner, the cushion block that in guide runner, placing height is different respectively, eliminate by the difference in height of installing rocking arm generation with cushion block, cross moves fixed mount (see Fig. 2) and is made up of two movable stands that vertical angle is laid in the horizontal plane, transmitter and the receiver of contactless light measuring system can be moved like this at the fore-and-aft direction of observation window place straight line, contactless light measuring system is made to keep away window high temperature furnace, in order to avoid noncontact light measuring system is burnt, in the air line distance perpendicular to observation window place, transmitter and the receiver of contactless light measuring system can be moved by left and right directions simultaneously, the transmitting terminal of contactless light measuring system and mobile terminal are on same straight line, and keep best visual angle.
Described fenestration high temperature furnace is on the basis of existing three-stage heating furnace, two rectangle view windows (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) are symmetrical arranged in the rear and front end of high temperature furnace, to observe the stress of spiral sample in experimentation at any time, simultaneously in order to ensure the heat-insulating property of fenestration high temperature furnace, adopt double-deck quartz glass, the periphery of quartz glass uses high temperature alloy metal material parcel, and the rectangular window reserving observation is long 10cm, wide 3.5cm.
The cross section of described specimen holder is circular, adopt high-temperature alloy material, specimen holder is divided into fixed and connected two type, fixed specimen holder is mainly divided into Tension and Compression two kinds, stretching clamp (see Fig. 7) has cylinder shape groove at end, sidewall has through hole, for fixing helical pattern; And compression clamp (see Fig. 8) has cylindrical protrusions at end, helical pattern is sleeved in this projection.The fixture of connected, external diameter is identical, has internal thread or external thread at upper and lower two ends, has the fixture of different length, and object is the central authorities that sample can be hung on fenestration high temperature furnace, makes it be heated evenly.
The creep curve obtained under the stress of P91 as shown in figure 11 respectively at 17MPa, 30MPa, 40MPa 650 DEG C time, this creep curve is similar to the creep curve that traditional sense records in shape, the conclusion that can draw is, this cover creep test device to adopt, the low stress creep data that this test unit is surveyed, can be nuclear power, the safety evaluatio of thermal power plant's pipeline and life prediction and provides reference.
As shown in Figure 9 based on uniaxial tension creep with based on pure torsion single axle helical spring creep curve mode chart.Can find out that single shaft creep strain rate is low, and spiral sample has high strain resolution; Meanwhile, what uniaxial tension creep obtained is straight line, is to be interrupted, and is continuous print based on the rate of strain that pure torsion single axle helical spring creep curve obtains.
Principle of work of the present invention:
The present invention adopts " volute spring creep test method " based on pure torsion sex change principle.
" volute spring creep test method " refers to and testing sample is processed into volute spring sample (as shown in Figure 10), sample pitch elongation is in time measured under additional uniform temperature and small load, and then the method for research material low stress (pole low strain rate) creep.
On existing basis, we improve test method; First, we use spiral sample to instead of traditional single shaft creep, the object done like this: for the stretching of bar and rectangular section sample, be the principle based on stretcher strain; Employing spiral sample stretches, and is the principle based on pure torsion.In addition, have employed contactless light measuring system and replace traditional sensor, it clearly can record the change of sample in whole process, and we can see the intensity of variation of sample in experimentation intuitively like this, record creep value more clearly.
Attached:
(1) computing formula of stretcher strain:
f---power
S---area
(2) computing formula (for rectangle) of torsional deflection:
The maximum shear stress τ and maximum shear strain γ
In formula: P is average load, D is the large footpath of spiral sample, and a is that section minor face is long, and b is the long length of side of section, and δ is standard pitch, k
1,k
2the constant relevant to spiral sample cross sectional shape.Can increase substantially rate of strain from the known spiral sample creep of formula (2), as got a=3mm, D=16mm, can obtain strain rate and approximately amplify 1000 times.For the ease of comparing with uniaxial tension, by von Mises relational expression, τ and γ is changed into equivalent stress
and equivalent strain
σ
eqand ε
eqregard stress σ and strain stress as, spiral sample creep curve can be drawn; As shown in Figure 8.
In sum, adopt our test method, corresponding creep compliance and creep curve when can not only obtain continuous pressure, more clearly can record the creep value in each stage, therefore, our test has certain use value, is significant for the safety evaluatio of nuclear power, thermal power plant's pipeline and life prediction.
Claims (7)
1. test the creep test device of metal material under low stress, it is characterized in that this device mainly comprises: mainframe, contactless light measuring system, specimen holder, fenestration high temperature furnace, spiral sample, fixed mount assembly, computing machine and connecting line; Wherein, described mainframe adopts two column portal type framed structure, described fenestration high temperature furnace is fixedly mounted on a heel post of mainframe by the mounting bracket of side, spiral sample is arranged on specimen holder, specimen holder is arranged on the center of the entablature of mainframe, and ensures that spiral sample is positioned over the center of fenestration high temperature furnace inside; Contactless light measuring system comprises receiver, transmitter, display and connecting line, transmitter and receiver are arranged on fixed mount assembly respectively, fixed mount assembly is fixed on the column of mainframe; rocking arm is fixed on the column of main frame; and ensure that the transmitter of contactless light measuring system and receiver are arranged on the relative side of fenestration high temperature furnace respectively, and ensure that the LED radiation light in the transmitter of contactless light measuring system can arrive in receiver through spiral sample simultaneously; With connecting line, contactless light measuring system and computing machine are coupled together, micro-year is applied to spiral sample, use computer recording experimentation.
2. the creep test device of test metal material according to claim 1 under low stress, is characterized in that the center of described mainframe entablature has threaded connection hole, is used for installing specimen holder.
3. the creep test device of test metal material according to claim 1 under low stress, it is characterized in that the transmitter of described contactless light measuring system can launch the green LED radiant light of high brightness, radiant light is on sample, then the image of sample and data will show on the receiver, by connecting line the most at last sample image reflection on computers.
4. the creep test device of test metal material according to claim 1 under low stress, it is characterized in that described fixed mount assembly moves fixed mount two parts by rocking arm and cross and forms, the outer image one of rocking arm curves the arm of 90 degree, comprise that one is long and the other is short, be arranged on the same position of the column of mainframe respectively, minor face and the same length in long limit compared with short rocker arm| of longer rocking arm, the object of such design can ensure that the transmitter of contactless light measuring system and receiver are in same cross section, the long limit of longer rocking arm is greater than the width of fenestration high temperature furnace, ensure that the receiver of contactless light measuring system and transmitter are arranged on the both sides of fenestration high temperature furnace, simultaneously in the outer end of rocking arm, be provided with dove-tail form guide runner, the cushion block that in guide runner, placing height is different respectively, eliminate by the difference in height of installing rocking arm generation with cushion block, cross moves fixed mount and is made up of two movable stands that vertical angle is laid in the horizontal plane, transmitter and the receiver of contactless light measuring system can be moved like this at the fore-and-aft direction of observation window place straight line, contactless light measuring system is made to keep away window high temperature furnace, in order to avoid noncontact light measuring system is burnt, transmitter and the receiver of contactless light measuring system can be moved simultaneously at the left and right directions of the straight line perpendicular to observation window place, the transmitting terminal of contactless light measuring system and mobile terminal are on same straight line, and keep best visual angle.
5. the creep test device of test metal material according to claim 1 under low stress, it is characterized in that described fenestration high temperature furnace is on the basis of existing three-stage heating furnace, two rectangle view windows are symmetrical arranged in the rear and front end of high temperature furnace, to observe the stress of spiral sample in experimentation, simultaneously in order to ensure the heat-insulating property of fenestration high temperature furnace, adopt double-deck quartz glass, the periphery of quartz glass uses high temperature alloy metal material parcel, the rectangular window reserving observation is long 10cm, wide 3.5cm.
6. the creep test device of test metal material according to claim 1 under low stress, it is characterized in that the cross section of described specimen holder is for circular, adopt high-temperature alloy material, specimen holder is divided into fixed and connected two kinds, fixed specimen holder is mainly divided into Tension and Compression two kinds, and stretching clamp has cylinder shape groove at end; And compression clamp has cylindrical protrusions at end.Accept the fixture of part, external diameter is identical, has internal thread or external thread at upper and lower two ends, and object is the central authorities that sample can be hung on fenestration high temperature furnace, makes it be heated evenly.
7. the creep test device of test metal material according to claim 1 under low stress, it is characterized in that adopted experimental technique adopts " volute spring creep test method ", " volute spring creep test method " refers to and testing sample is processed into volute spring sample, sample pitch elongation is in time measured under additional uniform temperature and small load, and then the method for research material low stress (pole low strain rate) creep.
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| CN105466791A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-06 | 天津大学 | Bending test method capable of realizing complicated load combined loading of submarine pipeline |
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| CN106446390A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Calculation method for steady creep rate fitting equation of metal material |
| CN106525567A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-22 | 大连理工大学 | Rock time-dependent deformation testing system under combined effect of continuous water environment and variable temperature |
| CN108680429A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-10-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | It can online observation and the full structural simulation part drawing by high temperature test fixture for straining pickup |
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| CN113252465A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-13 | 天津理工大学 | M-H method-based heat-resistant steel creep life prediction method |
| CN115046843A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Metal zero-length spring normal-temperature creep batch rapid detection device |
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| CN105466791A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-06 | 天津大学 | Bending test method capable of realizing complicated load combined loading of submarine pipeline |
| CN105466791B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-07-06 | 天津大学 | Submarine pipeline complex load combination loading buckling test method |
| CN106124326A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-11-16 | 天津理工大学 | The device of a kind of quick detection metal material element elastic decay and detection method |
| CN106446390B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-03-29 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | The calculation method of metal material secondary creep rates fit equation |
| CN106446390A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Calculation method for steady creep rate fitting equation of metal material |
| CN106525567A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-03-22 | 大连理工大学 | Rock time-dependent deformation testing system under combined effect of continuous water environment and variable temperature |
| CN108680429A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-10-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | It can online observation and the full structural simulation part drawing by high temperature test fixture for straining pickup |
| CN108680429B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-11-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Structure simulation piece high-temperature tensile test fixture capable of achieving online observation and full strain pickup |
| CN110057856A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-26 | 中南大学 | A kind of high-temperature gradient thermal deformation high throughput test macro |
| CN112649278A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-13 | 宁夏大学 | Method for testing metal creep property |
| CN113252465A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-13 | 天津理工大学 | M-H method-based heat-resistant steel creep life prediction method |
| CN113252465B (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-07-01 | 天津理工大学 | M-H method-based creep life prediction method for heat-resistant steel |
| CN115046843A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Metal zero-length spring normal-temperature creep batch rapid detection device |
| CN115046843B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-08-29 | 中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院 | Quick detection device in batches is creep of metal zero length spring normal atmospheric temperature |
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