CN104930965B - Weld penetration detection method - Google Patents

Weld penetration detection method Download PDF

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CN104930965B
CN104930965B CN201510321538.7A CN201510321538A CN104930965B CN 104930965 B CN104930965 B CN 104930965B CN 201510321538 A CN201510321538 A CN 201510321538A CN 104930965 B CN104930965 B CN 104930965B
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curve
weld seam
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CN104930965A (en
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于润桥
胡博
张斌
夏桂锁
程东方
程强强
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Ningbo Yinzhou Citai Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of weld penetration detection method, it pops one's head in by using magnetic field detection and carries out scanning along weld seam, to detect the magnetic induction intensity of commissure, and magnetic induction intensity is converted into by data signal by signal picker is sent to controller, controller passes through processing data, the fusion penetration of the position is calculated by the magnetic induction intensity for the diverse location for analyzing weld seam, so as to obtain the curve of the fusion penetration along each position of weld seam, and shown it in display screen, so as to quickly and simply obtain the fusion penetration of weld seam, detection efficiency is high, reliability is high.

Description

Weld penetration detection method
Technical field
It is especially a kind of weld penetration detection side for laser welding the present invention relates to weld seam detection technical field Method.
Background technology
Laser welding be by the use of high-energy-density laser beam as thermal source a kind of high-efficiency and precision welding method.Laser Welding It is one of importance of Materialbearbeitung mit Laserlicht technology application to connect, and due to its unique advantage, has been successfully applied to micro-, small-sized zero In the precision welding of part.With the popularization of laser welding technology, the detection for weld penetration in laser welding also becomes one Individual new research direction.Weld penetration also refers to nugget depth, and it refers between the most deep position of mother metal melting end and mother metal surface Distance.This data provides important parameter for the rapid evaluation of follow-up welding quality,
The fusion penetration of detection laser welding is usually to use microtomy inside current laboratory, i.e., cut into slices in commissure, this Sample can significantly observe weld penetration, but it is clear that this is a kind of detection method of damage type, when can only be as experiment Checking using, and cannot function as industrial production when rapid evaluation use.The nugget of weld seam is detected without destroying weld seam Depth is accomplished by using lossless detection method.In the prior art, the common method of Non-Destructive Testing has supersonic testing method, EDDY CURRENT Method, ray detection method, Magnetic testing method, Liquid penetrant testing method.
Ultrasound detection is the information that is provided using the interaction of ultrasonic wave and object to realize.Sound wave can be in metal It is middle to propagate.The weak point of this method is that ultrasonic wave is decayed quickly in atmosphere, and the propagation that typically have sound wave during detection is situated between Matter, such as oil or water couplant, detection efficiency are relatively low.On the other hand, ultrasound detection is higher to the thickness requirement of examined workpiece, and Laser welding technology is usually used in relatively thin workpiece welding, and ultrasound detection is not suitable for laser weld inspection yet from this respect Survey.
Ray detection method is to utilize ionising radiation with the physical effect produced by Substance Interactions (such as radiation intensity Change, scattering etc.) to detect the lossless detection method of inside workpiece discontinuous, structure or thickness etc..Ray detection method is mainly right There is higher sensitivity in volume flaw flaw detection.It is influenceed larger for crackle by angle, therefore ray detection method is suitable for Volumetric defects detection, without optimum plot size type defects detection.Due to laser weld narrower width, the defect typically often occurred For lack of penetration homalographic type defect, therefore the feasibility that ray detection method is applied in laser weld detection is relatively low.
Detection method of eddy works by electromagnetic induction principle, so detection method of eddy can detect the surface defect of workpiece With near surface flaw.The distinguishing feature of detection method of eddy is that conductive material is worked, and is not necessarily ferromagnetic material, but to iron The effect of magnetic material is poor.Secondly, there is considerable influence on finish, flatness, border of workpiece surface to be visited etc. to vortex, because Detection method of eddy is often used for the nonferromagnetic workpiece such as the copper pipe that shape is relatively regular, surface is brighter and cleaner and detected a flaw by this, can not be used for Laser weld is detected.
Magnetic testing is to detect the leakage magnetic flux of fault location formation to detect a flaw, and it is only applicable to ferromagnetic material, only ferromagnetic After material is magnetized, surface and near surface flaw could be in workpiece surface formation leakage magnetic fluxs.Simultaneously in Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting, magnetization is real The prerequisite now detected, it decides that can measurand produce magnetic field signal that is measured and being resolved, while also shadow Ring the architectural feature of the performance characteristic and measurement apparatus that detect signal.The mechanism of Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting determines the complexity of detection means Property, also accordingly add the unreliability of detecting system.
Liquid penetrant testing be a kind of principle by capillarity based on inspection Surface-breaking defect lossless detection method.Often For the detection of surface defect, and it is difficult the defect for detecting near surface.Therefore Liquid penetrant testing is not suitable for laser weld yet Detection.
Therefore, it is badly in need of a kind of simple to operate, detection efficiency height, the high weld penetration detection method of reliability at present.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the defect of prior art there is provided a kind of side simple to operate Just, detection efficiency is high, the high weld penetration detection method of reliability.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of weld penetration detection method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the way that detector for magnetic field is along weld movement and detects magnetic induction intensity, detection direction is along weld seam longitudinal direction The data of collection are drawn curve map by scanning, and the curve is magnetic anomaly curve, and the abscissa of curve is scanning distance, ordinate For magnetic induction intensity, the data of each point are initial data in the magnetic anomaly curve;
(2) maximum and minimum point in the curve are obtained from magnetic anomaly curve, the coordinate value of these points is obtained, and Arranged according to the order of abscissa from small to large;
(3) coordinate value of the intermediate point of adjacent extreme point two-by-two is sought, and is respectively chosen from first branch and the tail branch of initial data One data value is as starting point and ending point, and according to the starting point and ending point and two-by-two centre between adjacent extreme point Value is calculated with Spline Interpolation Method, and obtains data group, and the starting point is before all intermediate points, the terminating point After all intermediate points;
(4) by the initial data and terminating point before the starting point in the data group obtained in step (3) and step (3) Initial data afterwards is combined reconstruct, finally gives the array of data after a reconstruct, then the array of data is imaged To filtered magnetic anomaly curve map;
(5) taken successively using the minimum point of weld seam original position as starting in the magnetic anomaly curve map for obtaining step (4) Two adjacent extreme points, take the less extreme point of abscissa to do the first tangent line in the two adjacent extreme points, take horizontal seat The larger extreme point of mark does the second tangent line, and the 3rd tangent line is done in the arbitrfary point on curve between 2 points, then by the 3rd tangent line D is designated as with the abscissa of first point of intersection of tangents and the difference of the 3rd tangent line and the abscissa of second point of intersection of tangents, according to formula h=T- 2*d*k, obtains being the fusion penetration h at the point of the 3rd tangent line, and wherein T is the thickness of plate, and k is coefficient, and the thickness T of plate can be measured, Coefficient k is measured in addition according to the difference of the magnetic conductivity of material, density and conductance;
(6) the fusion penetration h of different measuring points is respectively obtained according to the difference for the point for doing the 3rd tangent line, according to obtained fusion penetration h's Data draw change curves of the fusion penetration h with scanning distance.
After the above method, scanning is carried out along weld seam by magnetic field detection probe, to detect the magnetic induction of commissure Intensity, and magnetic induction intensity is converted into by data signal by signal picker is sent to controller, controller is by handling number According to the fusion penetration of the position being calculated by analyzing the magnetic induction intensity of diverse location of weld seam, so as to obtaining along weld seam The curve of the fusion penetration of each position, and it is shown in display screen, so as to quickly and simply obtain weld seam Fusion penetration, detection efficiency is high, and reliability is high.
Magnetic anomaly curve in the step (1) is the magnetic induction intensity numerical value of each point according to the weld seam collected, As the node of spline function, laser weld diverse location correspondence is drawn out using the spline interpolation function in Matlab softwares Magnetic induction intensity curve.
The magnetic field intensity detection means is divided into three kinds, respectively the first magnetic field detection provided with a fluxgate sensor Device, the second detector for magnetic field provided with two fluxgate sensors and the 3rd magnetic field provided with three fluxgate sensors Detection means.
If using the first detector for magnetic field of a fluxgate sensor during collection, during scanning, by fluxgate sensor Face weld seam and carry out scanning, and the data that the fluxgate sensor is detected regard valid data as, for making step (1) In magnetic anomaly curve use.
If using the second detector for magnetic field of two fluxgate sensors during collection, two in the second detector for magnetic field Direction of the individual fluxgate sensor along weld seam is arranged side by side carry out scanning, the data that two fluxgate sensors are detected according to It is secondary to do differentiated value and regard valid data as, used for the magnetic anomaly curve in making step (1).
If using the 3rd detector for magnetic field of three fluxgate sensors during collection, three in the 3rd detector for magnetic field Individual fluxgate sensor arranges that one of them faces weld seam in triangle, and the both sides that another two is located at weld seam carry out scanning, now Point after the value that first two other fluxgate sensor is collected makes the difference, then and face the fluxgate sensor collection of weld seam To value do difference, regard the value finally obtained as valid data, used for the magnetic anomaly curve in making step (1).
Detector for magnetic field is provided with three groups in the application, and the first magnetic field detection for only one of which fluxgate sensor is filled Put, its advantage is the actual value reduction degree height to real-time magnetic induction intensity signal, has the disadvantage that interference signal is adopted to sensor The useful signal influence of collection is larger;For there is the second detector for magnetic field of two fluxgate sensors, it is using two magnetic fluxs It is placed side by side while scanning before and after door sensor, and enter in the signal that follow-up data processing section is collected to two sensors Row difference processing, such benefit is can to filter interference signal, has the disadvantage the real-time for also destroying signal to a certain extent; For there is the 3rd detector for magnetic field of three fluxgate sensors, it be by three sensors in triangle arrange scanning, wherein One fluxgate sensor is responsible for gathering real-time magnetic induction intensity signal, and two other fluxgate sensor is responsible for gathering ring Magnetic induction intensity signal in border, for filtering the interference signal in environment, though this method combines the advantage of first two mode, But its real-time is good not as mode one, the ability for filtering interference signal on weld seam is also not so good as mode two.The application is using three kinds of spies Head, can facilitate user to change probe according to the actual requirements, and signal picker is provided with three signal sampling channels, can be with The opening and closing of selection signal acquisition channel according to demand.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for the present invention the weld penetration detection means used structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the structure of the first detector for magnetic field and the schematic diagram of scanning;
Fig. 3 is the structure of the second detector for magnetic field and the schematic diagram of scanning;
Fig. 4 is the structure of the 3rd detector for magnetic field and the schematic diagram of scanning;
The magnetic anomaly curve map that Fig. 5 obtains for step (1) in embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of extreme point in magnetic anomaly curve in embodiment;
Fig. 7 is to calculate the schematic diagram of obtained median and starting point and ending point in middle magnetic anomaly curve;
Fig. 8 is the curve map obtained after spline interpolation in step (3);
Fig. 9 is the curve map after the middle reconstruct of step (4);
Figure 10 is tangent line schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is obtained fusion penetration curve synoptic diagram.
As shown in the figure:1st, detector for magnetic field, 2, signal picker, 3, controller.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description:
As Figure 1-Figure 11, weld penetration detection means of the present invention includes:
Detector for magnetic field 1, for detecting the magnetic strength induction signal inside weld seam;
Signal picker 2, is connected with detector for magnetic field by signal wire, for the magnetic for detecting detector for magnetic field The analog quantity of induction signal is converted into digital quantity and sends controller to;
Controller 3 with display screen, for being connected with signal picker, the signal that signal picker is collected is changed Into picture signal and show.
The invention provides a kind of weld penetration detection method, it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the way that detector for magnetic field is along weld movement and detects magnetic induction intensity, detection direction is along weld seam longitudinal direction The data of collection are drawn curve map by scanning, and the curve is magnetic anomaly curve, and the abscissa of curve is scanning distance, ordinate For magnetic induction intensity, the data of each point are initial data in the magnetic anomaly curve;
The detector for magnetic field is divided into three kinds, respectively the first magnetic field detection dress provided with a fluxgate sensor Put, the second detector for magnetic field provided with two fluxgate sensors and the 3rd magnetic field inspection provided with three fluxgate sensors Survey device.
Shown in Fig. 2:If using the first detector for magnetic field of a fluxgate sensor during collection, during scanning, by magnetic flux Door sensor faces weld seam and carries out scanning, and the data that the fluxgate sensor is detected regard valid data as, for system The magnetic anomaly curve made in step (1) is used.
Shown in Fig. 3:If using the second detector for magnetic field of two fluxgate sensors during collection, the second magnetic field detection dress Carry out scanning is arranged side by side in direction of two fluxgate sensors along weld seam in putting, and two fluxgate sensors are detected Data take turns doing differentiated value and regard valid data as, used for the magnetic anomaly curve in making step (1).
Shown in Fig. 4:If using the 3rd detector for magnetic field of three fluxgate sensors during collection, the 3rd magnetic field detection dress Three fluxgate sensors in putting arrange that one of them faces weld seam in triangle, and the both sides that another two is located at weld seam are carried out Scanning, point after the value for now first collecting two other fluxgate sensor makes the difference, then and faces the fluxgate of weld seam The value that sensor is collected does difference, regards the value finally obtained as valid data, for the magnetic anomaly curve in making step (1) Use.
Magnetic anomaly curve in the step (1) is the magnetic induction intensity numerical value of each point according to the weld seam collected, As the node of spline function, laser weld diverse location correspondence is drawn out using the spline interpolation function in Matlab softwares Magnetic induction intensity curve.Fig. 5 is that abscissa is scanning in the magnetic anomaly curve map obtained after scanning in one embodiment, figure Distance, ordinate is magnetic induction intensity.There are the magnetic induction intensity that the part collapsed is defective part in Laser Welding, laser in figure If the detection of the defect part in weldering is not filtered out, then the numerical value for finally calculating obtained fusion penetration is then inaccurate, therefore need Filter out defect part.
(2) maximum and minimum point in the curve are obtained from magnetic anomaly curve, the coordinate value of these points is obtained, And arranged according to the order of abscissa from small to large;As shown in fig. 6, in figure, (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) this 7 points are Extreme point, casts out due to belonging to unwelded region at A points, therefore by A points, then just obtain (B, C, D, E, F, G) this 6 points Coordinate value.
(3) coordinate value of the median of adjacent extreme point two-by-two is sought, and is respectively chosen from first branch and the tail branch of initial data One data value is as starting point and ending point, and according to the starting point and ending point and two-by-two median fortune of adjacent extreme point Calculated with Spline Interpolation Method, and obtain data group;As shown in Figure 7:B points are 2 points of B, C intermediate point, and c points are C, D two The intermediate point of point, d is 2 points of D, E intermediate point, and e is 2 points of E, F intermediate point, and f is 2 points of F, G intermediate point, tries to achieve these The coordinate value of intermediate point, and two data values are chosen as starting point and ending point from initial data, select B in the present embodiment A points before point be g points after starting point, selection G points as terminating point, then according to (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) this 7 points Data group is obtained with Spline Interpolation Method and curve is obtained, as shown in Figure 8.
(4) by the initial data and terminating point before the starting point in the data group obtained in step (3) and step (3) Initial data afterwards is combined reconstruct, finally gives the array of data after a reconstruct, then the array of data is imaged To filtered magnetic anomaly curve map;I.e. by after the initial data and g points before the data group in step (3) and a points Initial data is combined, and the array of data imaging of portfolio restructuring then is obtained into filtered magnetic anomaly curve map;Such as Fig. 9 institutes Show.
(5) taken successively using the minimum point of weld seam original position as starting in the magnetic anomaly curve map for obtaining step (4) Two adjacent extreme points, take the less extreme point of abscissa to do the first tangent line in the two adjacent extreme points, take horizontal seat The larger extreme point of mark does the second tangent line, and the 3rd tangent line is done in the arbitrfary point on curve between 2 points, then by the 3rd tangent line D is designated as with the abscissa of first point of intersection of tangents and the difference of the 3rd tangent line and the abscissa of second point of intersection of tangents, according to formula h=T- 2*d*k, obtains being the fusion penetration h at the point of the 3rd tangent line, and wherein T is the thickness of plate, and k is coefficient, and the thickness T of plate can be measured, Coefficient k is measured in addition according to the difference of the magnetic conductivity of material, density and conductance;In the present embodiment, the k values are 1/ 20。
If for example, to calculate every between the minimum point of weld seam original position and first maximum i.e. B points During the fusion penetration h of individual point, then the first tangent line is done with the point of the minimum of weld seam original position, the second tangent line is done with B points, and at 2 points Between any point do the 3rd tangent line, by the 3rd tangent line and the abscissa and the 3rd tangent line and the second tangent line of first point of intersection of tangents The difference of the abscissa of intersection point is designated as d1, then the fusion penetration h=T-2*d1*k of the point.Weld seam original position so be can be obtained by The fusion penetration h of arbitrfary point between one maximum.
If calculate the fusion penetration h of the arbitrfary point in first maximum point and Fig. 8 between next minimum point, First tangent line is done with first maximum point, the second tangent line is done with next minimum point point, and between two points any one Point does the 3rd tangent line, by the 3rd tangent line and the abscissa and the 3rd tangent line and the abscissa of second point of intersection of tangents of first point of intersection of tangents Difference be designated as d2, then the fusion penetration h=T-2*d2*k of the point.
The like.The fusion penetration h each put in magnetic anomaly curve in Fig. 8 can be obtained.In actually drawing, it is not necessary to examine Survey fusion penetration h a little, it is only necessary to be sampled.
(6) the fusion penetration h of different measuring points is respectively obtained according to the difference for the point for doing the 3rd tangent line, according to obtained fusion penetration h's Data draw change curves of the fusion penetration h with scanning distance.
After the above method, scanning is carried out along weld seam by magnetic field detection probe, to detect the magnetic induction of commissure Intensity, and magnetic induction intensity is converted into by data signal by signal picker is sent to controller, controller is by handling number According to the fusion penetration of the position being calculated by analyzing the magnetic induction intensity of diverse location of weld seam, so as to obtaining along weld seam The curve of the fusion penetration of each position, and it is shown in display screen, so as to quickly and simply obtain weld seam Fusion penetration, detection efficiency is high, and reliability is high.
Detector for magnetic field is provided with three groups in the application, and the first magnetic field detection for only one of which fluxgate sensor is filled Put, its advantage is the actual value reduction degree height to real-time magnetic induction intensity signal, has the disadvantage that interference signal is adopted to sensor The useful signal influence of collection is larger;For there is the second detector for magnetic field of two fluxgate sensors, it is using two magnetic fluxs It is placed side by side while scanning before and after door sensor, and enter in the signal that follow-up data processing section is collected to two sensors Row difference processing, such benefit is can to filter interference signal, has the disadvantage the real-time for also destroying signal to a certain extent; For there is the 3rd detector for magnetic field of three fluxgate sensors, it be by three sensors in triangle arrange scanning, wherein One fluxgate sensor is responsible for gathering real-time magnetic induction intensity signal, and two other fluxgate sensor is responsible for gathering ring Magnetic induction intensity signal in border, for filtering the interference signal in environment, though this method combines the advantage of first two mode, But its real-time is good not as mode one, the ability for filtering interference signal on weld seam is also not so good as mode two.The application is using three kinds of spies Head, can facilitate user to change probe according to the actual requirements, and signal picker is provided with three signal sampling channels, can be with The opening and closing of selection signal acquisition channel according to demand.
It was found from from above-mentioned statement, the present invention is not intended to limit the type and structure of detector for magnetic field, but all applications are originally Method then all should be within the application protection domain come obtain weld penetration.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of weld penetration detection method, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
(1), by the way that detector for magnetic field is along weld movement and detects magnetic induction intensity, detection direction is longitudinally to be swept along weld seam Look into, the data of collection are drawn into curve map, be magnetic anomaly curve by the curve definitions, the abscissa of curve is scanning distance, is indulged Coordinate is magnetic induction intensity, and the data of each point are initial data in the magnetic anomaly curve;
(2) maximum and minimum point in the curve, are obtained from magnetic anomaly curve, the coordinate value of these points is obtained, and Arranged according to the order of abscissa from small to large;
(3) coordinate value of the intermediate point of adjacent extreme point two-by-two, and each selection one from first branch and the tail branch of initial data, are asked Numerical value as starting point and ending point, and according to starting point and ending point and two-by-two, use by the median between adjacent extreme point Spline Interpolation Method is calculated, and obtains data group, and the starting point is before all intermediate points, and the terminating point is all After intermediate point;
(4), by the initial data and terminating point before the starting point in the data group and step (3) that are obtained in step (3) it Initial data afterwards is combined reconstruct, finally gives the array of data after a reconstruct, then array of data imaging is obtained Filtered magnetic anomaly curve map;
(5), two are taken successively using the minimum point of weld seam original position as starting in the magnetic anomaly curve map for obtaining step (4) Individual adjacent extreme point, takes the less extreme point of abscissa to do the first tangent line in the two adjacent extreme points, takes abscissa Larger extreme point does the second tangent line, and the 3rd tangent line is done in the arbitrfary point on curve between 2 points, then by the 3rd tangent line with The difference of the abscissa of first point of intersection of tangents and the 3rd tangent line and the abscissa of second point of intersection of tangents is designated as d, according to formula h=T-2* D*k, obtains being the fusion penetration h at the point of the 3rd tangent line, and wherein T is the thickness of plate, and k is coefficient, and the thickness T of plate can be measured, and be Number k is measured in addition according to the difference of the magnetic conductivity of material, density and conductance;
(6) the fusion penetration h of different measuring points, is respectively obtained according to the difference for the point for doing the 3rd tangent line, according to obtained fusion penetration h data Draw change curves of the fusion penetration h with scanning distance.
2. weld penetration detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Magnetic anomaly in the step (1) is bent Line is the magnetic induction intensity numerical value of each point according to the weld seam collected, soft using Matlab as the node of spline function Spline interpolation function in part draws out the curve of the corresponding magnetic induction intensity of laser weld diverse location.
3. weld penetration detection method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The detector for magnetic field is divided into three Plant, respectively the first detector for magnetic field provided with a fluxgate sensor, the second magnetic provided with two fluxgate sensors Field detection means and the 3rd detector for magnetic field provided with three fluxgate sensors.
4. weld penetration detection method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:If being passed during collection using a fluxgate First detector for magnetic field of sensor, during scanning, faces weld seam by fluxgate sensor and carries out scanning, and the fluxgate is passed The data that sensor is detected regard valid data as, are used for the magnetic anomaly curve in making step (1).
5. weld penetration detection method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:If being passed during collection using two fluxgates Direction of two fluxgate sensors along weld seam in second detector for magnetic field of sensor, the second detector for magnetic field is side by side Set and carry out scanning, the data that two fluxgate sensors are detected take turns doing differentiated value and regard valid data as, for system The magnetic anomaly curve made in step (1) is used.
6. weld penetration detection method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:If being passed during collection using three fluxgates Three fluxgate sensors in 3rd detector for magnetic field of sensor, the 3rd detector for magnetic field are arranged in triangle, wherein one Individual to face weld seam, the both sides that another two is located at weld seam carry out scanning, now first adopt two other described fluxgate sensor Point after the value collected makes the difference, then and face the value that the fluxgate sensor of weld seam collects and do difference, by what is finally obtained Value regards valid data as, is used for the magnetic anomaly curve in making step (1).
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