CN104914066B - Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means based on Infrared spectra adsorption - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to electric device maintenance technical field, more particularly to a kind of Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means based on Infrared spectra adsorption.Including：Light-source system unit, it is made up of high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source, light source controller and photoswitch, realizes the output multiplexing control of light source；Arrangement unit is sensed, is arranged and formed in oil-immersed power transformer cavity by spectral absorption two kinds of sensory paths of sensing in Fiber Bragg Grating FBG hydrogen gas sensor series connection wavelength-division multiplex and Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers；Detect collection analysis unit, it is made up of Wavelength demodulation device, light intensity detector and data acquisition and analytical equipment, the intensity of wavelength shift and spectral absorption to fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor detects, data are recorded and the species and content of corresponding failure gas are calculated by data collection and analysis device, on this basis, the insulation situation to transformer oil is assessed, is positioned, analyzed and predicted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric device maintenance technical field, more particularly to a kind of transformer oil based on Infrared spectra adsorption
Middle dissolved gas detection means.
Background technology
Transformer is one of important electrical in power system, once transformer breaks down, it will brings serious
Consequence.Dissolved gas analysis is one of diagnosis oil immersed type large-scale power transformer Hidden fault most efficient method.Become
Corresponding relation of the depressor dissolved gas analysis technology based on oil dissolved gas type and internal fault, using gas-chromatography
Instrument analysis is dissolved in the gas in oil, judges that inside transformer has feelings without exception according to the content of the composition of gas and various gases
Condition, its fault type, general position, the order of severity and development trend are diagnosed, by dissolved gas analysis, to early diagnosing transformation
Device internal fault and nature of trouble propose the specific aim precautionary measures, realize that transformer does not have a power failure the peace such as detection and Incipient Fault Diagnosis
The satisfaction of full production requirement all has particularly important directive significance.It can be overcome using fault characteristic gases on-line monitoring
The conventional offline test period is grown, more from sampling, being transported to measurement links, it is cumbersome the shortcomings that, gas can be continued to monitor online
Component, store long-term testing result, there is provided complete tendency information, to finding incipient fault in time, determine the dimension of transformer
The cycle is protected, life prediction is carried out, realizes that repair based on condition of component has conclusive effect.
Infrared spectra adsorption is a kind of important method for carrying out gas componant detection, and its theoretical foundation is Lambert-Beer
Law (langbobier law), i.e., light is absorbed by transparent medium ratio (logarithm of the ratio between incident light and transmitted light) and incident light
Intensity it is unrelated, its absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration and absorber thickness of extinction material.When therefore, passing through gas according to light
Light intensity attenuation situation can calculates gas concentration.Some advantages be present in Infrared spectra adsorption method：Pure optical measurement, is not required to
Acoustical signal is converted optical signal into, avoids vibration noise signal interference；It can be built in transformer, when reducing response
Between；It is few to measure influence factor, strong antijamming capability.
Gas photocaustic spectroscopy is come quantitative analysis gas by absorption of the detection gas molecule to laser photon energy
Concentration, it belongs to the analysis method for gases that measurement absorbs, handle is added relative to the detection method of direct measurement optical radiation energy
Heat energy becomes the process of voice signal, the method for falling within heat determination.If light source is modulated with certain audio frequency, at one
In special photoacoustic cell can by miniature sound pick-up detect with frequency identical voice signal, here it is material to be measured
Photoacoustic signal.Such as photocaustic spectroscopy is monitored on-line applied to gas content in transformer oil, have detection sensitivity high, it is necessary to
Sample air exhaustion it is few, so as to greatly reduce the Oil-gas Separation time, shorten measurement period；Fourier transform infrared spectrometry is contrasted, is removed
Outside conventional hydrocarbon gas, moreover it is possible to detect hydrogen, and measurement accuracy is higher；Without any carrier gas, facilitate the maintenance of equipment；Nothing
Need periodic calibrating；It is fast without preheating, detection time；Stability is good, service life length etc..
There is also some shortcomings for existing Infrared spectra adsorption method：
1. the volume in the gas pond body product ultra micro gas pond of Infrared spectra adsorption method reaches 100mL.
2. in the selection of characteristic absorpting spectruming line, Fourier infrared spectrum is bullied the limitation of pond length, only stronger
Measured at characteristic absorption, enough sensitivity could be obtained, thus, sometimes have to the overlapping absorbed in gas characteristic
, cross sensitivity be present in measurement.
3. infrared detector realizes gas sensing by the detection to photon and analysis, measurement sensitivity is low.
Gas photocaustic spectroscopy is in spite of plurality of advantages, but there is also following some scarce for field application discovery optoacoustic spectroscopy
Point：
1. needing to use permeable membrane or vacuumizing takes the mode of gas to separate gas, it is necessary to which oil is guided into change from oil
Outside depressor, response time length, the risk of pollution there are.
2. need to use this electronic equipment of microphone, thus measurement sensor can not interplantation in transformer, extend
Response time, it is impossible to carry out gas positioning.
3. optoacoustic spectroscopy realizes that gas concentration senses by small sound detection, substation field noise is higher, light
Acousto-optic spectrometry minimum detectability system is affected.
4. the quality factor of temperature, background gas type and photoacoustic cell can all influence photocaustic spectroscopy measurement result, limit
Measurement accuracy processed.
The content of the invention
The defects of in order to overcome existing optical monitoring means to exist, to meet that oil dissolved gas is supervised inside power transformer
The particular/special requirement of survey, the present invention propose a kind of Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means based on Infrared spectra adsorption.
The device is made up of light-source system unit, sensing arrangement unit, detection collection analysis unit；Wherein, light-source system
Unit is made up of high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source, light source controller and photoswitch, and sensing arrangement unit senses branch by hydrogen
Road and more gas sensing branch roads are arranged in oil-immersed power transformer cavity to be formed, and detection collection analysis unit is by Wavelength demodulation
Device, light intensity detector or spectrometer and data acquisition and analytical equipment form；
Light source controller is connected with high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source and photoswitch respectively, high-power super continuous spectrums broadband
Light source is connected by single-mode fiber with photoswitch, and photoswitch senses branch road with hydrogen respectively and more gas sensing branch roads are connected, hydrogen
Gas sensing branch road is connected by Wavelength demodulation device with data collection and analysis device, and more gas sensing branch roads pass through light intensity detection
Device or spectrometer are connected with data collection and analysis device.
The hydrogen sensing branch route multiple hydrogen gas sensors being distributed in oil-immersed power transformer cavity and passes through list
Mode fiber is in series；Hydrogen gas sensor on the surface be coated with the quick material of hydrogen Fiber Bragg Grating, the quick material bag of hydrogen
Include the alloy of Metal Palladium or palladium.
More gas sensing branch roads include：Single-mode fiber and annular, which decline, swings chamber, annular decline swing chamber by single-mode fiber with
Photoswitch connects with light intensity detector.
The annular, which declines, swings chamber and includes：Fiber coupler and Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, wherein two hollow photon crystals
The both ends of optical fiber connect a fiber coupler respectively, form optical ring catadioptric chamber；Two fiber couplers respectively with list
Mode fiber connects.
There is drilling on the surface of the Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, aperture is more than gas molecule diameter and is less than transformer oil
Molecular diameter, to prevent the macromolecular of transformer oil from entering inside of optical fibre, realize the separation of oil gas.
The model HC-1550-02 or HC19-1550-01 of the Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers.
The coupling ratio of the fiber coupler is 10:90 or 1:99 or 0.5:99.5.
The high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source, spectrum output waveband are not less than 500~2000nm, and gross output is not
Less than 100mW, average power density is not less than 50 μ W/nm.
The method of work of the device includes：
The high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source of step 1, light-source controller controls sends the laser of different wave length, laser successively
Realized by the multiplexing control of photoswitch and launch laser to more hydrogen sensing branch roads and the more gas sensing branch roads of Duo Gen successively；
Volumetric expansion causes Fiber Bragg Grating wavelength after the quick material of hydrogen in step 2, hydrogen gas sensor absorbs hydrogen
The wavelength shift data detected are sent to equipment data acquisition analyzing by skew, Wavelength demodulation device；
The optical ring catadioptric chamber of step 3, Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers and fiber coupler composition high reflectance, in oily
Gas molecule drills into optical fiber hollow area by Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, and light intensity detector is by detecting different wave length
Light intensity attenuation frequency after laser is actually taken up by gas carrys out detection gas absorption intensity；
The wavelength shift that Wavelength demodulation device detects is converted into the dense of hydrogen by step 4, equipment data acquisition analyzing
Angle value and growth rate；
Step 5, equipment data acquisition analyzing send high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source the laser data of different wave length
The gas absorption intensity data detected with light intensity detector correspond, and according to the main absorption of different oil dissolved gas
Bands of a spectrum, most strong absorption line and its peak absorption infer the species of failure gas and are converted into characteristic fault gas concentration
Value；
Step 6, data collection and analysis device are according to the species and concentration value of obtained failure gas, to transformer oil
Insulation situation is assessed, is positioned, analyzed and predicted.
The failure gas includes：Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetylene, methane, ethane, ethene.
The present invention has the following advantages that：
1) optical gas monitor, can continuous several times gas is measured, it is not necessary to carrier gas and gas, do not consume molten in oil
Solve gas.
2) Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers significantly reduce chamber volume in itself as air chamber, can be placed directly within transformer,
Contacted with transformer oil, reduce the gas response time, be possible to realize fault location through development.
3) Oil-gas Separation is not needed.Conventional oil dissolved gas method of testing and equipment is required to carry out Oil-gas Separation, and originally
The sensing device designed in invention need not carry out Oil-gas Separation, can be directly placed in oil and be tested, test arrangement is non-
It is often succinct.Gas and oil separating plant or film need not be additionally provided, avoids inside transformer electric insulation that may be present
Problem and potential safety hazard.And chromatographic column problem of aging is avoided, long-term use of non-calibrating.
4) measuring method precision is high, reaches the trace gas measurement not less than 10ppm levels.
5) optical signal measurement is converted into by annular light path damped oscillation chamber easily realizes high-precision time change measurement,
Invalid loss of the light intensity in optical fiber loop is further reduced, significantly improves system detectio precision.
6) anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong.If the sensor main is realized by the demodulation of light and hydrogen is sensed, through actual survey
Its bright anti-electromagnetic interference capability of taking temperature is strong, can complexity electromagnetic environment in normal work.
7) small volume.The arrangement of the invention that sensing unit is mainly carried out using optical fiber, the diameter of sensing head are less than 1mm, body
Very small, the very convenient installation of product.
8) good economy performance.The present invention carries out wavelength-division multiplex and time-division multiplex technology using photoswitch, saves light-source system,
Single light source can be made full use of, saves the spending of light source.In addition, it is easy to large-scale production and manufacture, it is not necessary to carrier gas,
It need not demarcate repeatedly, operation maintenance is succinct, can be that kiowatt reduces substantial amounts of material resources, financial resources and manpower, improve economical
Benefit, ensure the safe for operation of power equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means overall schematic.
Fig. 2 a-2b are photonic crystal fiber schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is intracavitary decay spectral principle figure.
Fig. 4 is that declining for annular light path swings the schematic diagram of chamber.
Wherein, FBG-H2For Fiber Bragg Grating hydrogen gas sensor.
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to propose the Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means based on Infrared spectra adsorption：Utilize hollow light
Photonic crystal fiber is built in power transformer main chamber, while utilize annular damped oscillation chamber (annular as sensing air chamber
Decline and swing chamber) improve the sensitivity of detection.Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiment is made from global design and key link detailed
Explanation：
(1) global design of device
Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means based on Infrared spectra adsorption proposed by the invention, overall structure are shown
It is intended to as shown in figure 1, being mainly made up of three units：(1) light-source system unit, by high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source, light
Source controller and photoswitch composition, the multiplexing realized the output control of light source and reached light source using photoswitch are controlled；(2) sense
Arrangement unit, by spectrum in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) hydrogen gas sensor series connection wavelength-division multiplex and Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
Absorption two kinds of sensory paths of sensing are arranged in oil-immersed power transformer cavity to be formed, and reaches a variety of events in transformer cavity
Hinder the effect of gas multi-point sensing monitoring；(3) collection analysis unit is detected, (photoelectricity is visited by Wavelength demodulation device, light intensity detector
Survey device or spectrometer) and data acquisition and analytical equipment composition, wherein Wavelength demodulation device is to fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor
Wavelength shift detected, light intensity detector detects to the intensity of spectral absorption, data collection and analysis device will
Wavelength shift and the data of light intensity change are recorded and the species and content of corresponding failure gas are calculated, in this base
On plinth, the insulation situation to transformer oil is assessed, is positioned, analyzed and predicted.
Fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor proposed by the invention, it is to utilize to coat quick material (such as Metal Palladium of hydrogen on FBG surfaces
Or the alloy of palladium) inhale hydrogen volume expand and cause the offset of centre wavelength to change, so as to set up wavelength shift
Corresponding relation with dissolving hydrogen content in oil.According to this relation, the wavelength variable quantity obtained from demodulation can be converted into hydrogen
Concentration value and growth rate.During arrangement, will can connect multiple FBG hydrogen sensing heads on simple optical fiber, utilize ripple
Divide the principle of multiplexing, it is possible to achieve the monitoring of multiple near fault hydrogen, be advantageously implemented fault location and in real time monitoring.Separately
Outside, the fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor that can be connected in different paths arrangements, Fig. 1 connect 2 FBG hydrogen after showing photoswitch
The schematic diagram of gas sensor.
Fiber grating hydrogen gas sensor is only used as dissolving the sensing (hydrogen can not absorb infra-red radiation) of trace hydrogen in oil,
Other failure gas have absorption spectrum, therefore are detected using spectral absorption method.Due to the absworption peak of gas with various composition
Wavelength is different, thus by change the output wavelength can of tunable laser effectively carry out beyond hydrogen it is molten in a variety of oil
Solve the monitoring of gas (including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetylene, methane, ethane, ethene).Equally, when being carried out using photoswitch
Divide multiplexing control, can be achieved to detect the multifiber of inside transformer diverse location, to obtain determining for failure gas
Position information and the response time for reducing detection failure gas.
The device is used as air chamber in itself using photonic crystal fiber, significantly reduces chamber volume, makes sensor can be with interplantation
In transformer；Optical signal measurement is converted into using fiber grating damped oscillation technology and easily realizes high-precision time signal
Measurement, and then improve system detectio precision.
(2) Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers are as sensing air chamber
In Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers (Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, HC-PCF), big portion
The Light Energy divided concentrates on the hollow core area of optical fiber.There is more complicated index distribution on HC-PCF cross section, generally contain
There is the stomata of different spread patterns, as illustrated in figures 2 a-2b, the yardstick of these stomatas substantially in same magnitude and passes through with optical wavelength
The whole length of device is worn, the fiber cores area that light wave can be limited in low-refraction propagates.By rationally designing, HC-PCF can
Propagated in atmosphere rather than in covering with the light for achieving over 99%, after gaseous sample is filled with hollow core area, gas can
Fully to be contacted with light field, so as to produce stronger absorption to light field.Therefore, Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers have low damage
The advantages of consumption, low dispersion, HC-PCF is highly suitable as the gas sample chamber of high-efficiency compact in gas sensing system, it is only necessary to pole
The gaseous sample can of small size realizes gasmetry.
Infrared optics method analysis gas theoretical foundation be gas with various molecule occur energy level transition needed for energy with
The optical radiation energy of specific wavelength is corresponding, and showing as gas with various has respective absorption characteristic to infra-red radiation.Therefore, use is red
Outer optical means carries out qualitative and quantitative analysis to gas, it is necessary to the infrared absorption characteristic of gas each component clear and definite first, is light source
The selection of service band and the analysis of gas each component provide foundation.
The main absorption band of the oil dissolved gas of table 1, most strong absorption line and its peak absorption
Table 1 show main absorption band, most strong absorption line and its absorption coefficient of main oil dissolved gas.For
Raising Detection results, the output of light-source system is adjusted according to the rule of main absorption line, on different wave bands to certain
Failure gas is detected, and avoids cross influence as far as possible.
(3) annular light path damped oscillation chamber (annular, which declines, swings chamber)
The principle of intracavitary ring-down spectroscopy technology is as illustrated, a bundle of pulsed laser is introduced into one by two sides high reflectance
The optics cavity of (reflectivity R) plano-concave lens composition, light by roundtrip, each there is seldom a part of light ease back and forth in intracavitary
Go out cavity, the effusion of light each time can cause the decay of intracavitary light intensity.One photo-detector is placed on behind chamber, detects a system
Row represent the pulse of intracavitary light intensity attenuation, and frequency is the time of light in intracavitary back and forth once.Due to detector temporal resolution
Limitation, each pulse may can not be identified in detector, but can measure the profile of decay.The decay of this exponential form is claimed
For the event of swinging that declines (ring-down event).Sample absorption is stronger, and ring-down time is shorter.From this as can be seen that in intracavitary
In ring-down spectroscopy technology, absorption coefficient is determined that the fluctuation with LASER Light Source intensity is unrelated by the time property of signal.More enter one
Walk, the effective reflectivity for absorbing light path and depending on hysteroscope, the distance that can reach very long (reaches several kilometers down to tens public affairs
In), at the same time, the volume of optics cavity can keep very little.Compared with other spectral techniques, especially with modulation technique
Spectrum, the absorption that intracavitary ring-down spectroscopy technology measures are absolute absorption intensity, can exactly be converted into and absorb light intensity and feature
The concentration value of failure gas.
Declined in the present invention using annular and swing chamber technology, structural representation is as shown in figure 4, the both ends of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
Respectively with the fiber coupler (such as 10 of high coupling ratio:90,1:99,0.5:99.5) the optical ring catadioptric of high reflectance is formed
Chamber, further reduce invalid loss of the light intensity in optical fiber loop.The advantage of the program is that reflectivity is higher, can reach high
Ring-down time and accuracy of detection, it is often more important that, use optical fiber to replace the optical resonator of high reflectance eyeglass composition to cause this
Technology can use in this complex environment of transformer station.
Annular, which declines, swings the both ends of chamber and is respectively connecting to light source and photodetector, and light source and photodetector pass through single mode
Optical fiber is connected to fiber coupler.It should be noted that in order to realize the Oil-gas Separation in transformer cavity, can be hollow
Surface drilling processing is carried out on photonic crystal fiber, the separation of oil gas is realized, selects suitable aperture, to prevent transformer oil
Macromolecular enters inside of optical fibre.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can readily occur in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
It is defined.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Gases Dissolved in Transformer Oil detection means based on Infrared spectra adsorption, it is characterised in that the device is by light
Source system unit, sensing arrangement unit, detection collection analysis unit composition；Wherein, light-source system unit is by high-power super continuous
Compose wideband light source, light source controller and photoswitch composition, sensing arrangement unit and branch road and more gas sensing branch roads are sensed by hydrogen
Arrange and form in oil-immersed power transformer cavity, detection collection analysis unit by Wavelength demodulation device, light intensity detector or
Spectrometer and data acquisition form with analytical equipment；
Light source controller is connected with high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source and photoswitch respectively, high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source
It is connected by single-mode fiber with photoswitch, photoswitch senses branch road with hydrogen respectively and more gas sensing branch roads are connected, and hydrogen passes
Sense branch road is connected by Wavelength demodulation device with data collection and analysis device, more gas sensing branch roads by light intensity detector or
Spectrometer is connected with data collection and analysis device；
More gas sensing branch roads include：Single-mode fiber and annular, which decline, swings chamber, and annular, which declines, swings chamber and opened by single-mode fiber and light
Pass connects with light intensity detector；
The annular, which declines, swings chamber and includes：Fiber coupler and Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, wherein two Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
Both ends connect a fiber coupler respectively, form optical ring catadioptric chamber；Two fiber couplers respectively with single-mode optics
Fibre connection；
There is drilling on the surface of the Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, aperture is more than gas molecule diameter and is less than point of transformer oil
Sub- diameter, to prevent the macromolecular of transformer oil from entering inside of optical fibre, realize the separation of oil gas；
The hydrogen sensing branch route multiple hydrogen gas sensors being distributed in oil-immersed power transformer cavity and passes through single-mode optics
Fibre is in series；For hydrogen gas sensor to be coated with the Fiber Bragg Grating of the quick material of hydrogen on the surface, the quick material of hydrogen includes gold
Belong to the alloy of palladium or palladium；
The model HC-1550-02 or HC19-1550-01 of the Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers；
The coupling ratio of the fiber coupler is 10:90 or 1:99 or 0.5:99.5；
The spectrum output waveband of the high-power super continuous spectrums wideband light source is not less than 500~2000nm, and gross output is not low
In 100mW, average power density is not less than 50 μ W/nm.
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