CN104911501B - A kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel and preparation method thereof, the chemical composition of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel is: C:0.6～0.85%；Si:0.01～0.8%；Mn:0.1～0.5%；Cr:0.8～2.0%；Cu:0.05～0.4%；Ni:0.05～0.3%；Ti:0.02～0.1%；V:0.02～0.2%；Nb:0.02～0.15%；P:＜ 0.02%；S:＜ 0.02%, surplus is Fe.Method includes: 1) material composition is smelted into ingot casting；2) forging or roll after ingot casting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, obtain base substrate, then air cooling is to room temperature；3) rolling after base substrate is heated to 500～700 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, drafts is 50～90%；4) material after rolling is quenched to rapidly room temperature after being heated to 750～900 DEG C of insulations 5～30min, then prepares super-strength martensitic steel through 160～350 DEG C of temper.The martensite steel comprehensive mechanical property of this superhigh intensity is good, intensity and plasticity above major part Maraging steel；Preparation technology is simple, and operating process controllability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high strength steel and prepare technical field, be specifically related to a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type horse
Family name's body steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern industry, the application of unimach is constantly widened, and demand is more come
The biggest.High-alloy Ultra-high Strength Steel, such as AerMet100, AF1410,9Ni-4Co and 9Ni-4Co etc. two
Underhardening unimach, and Maraging steel, as 18Ni (250), 18Ni (300), Custom465,
Custom475 etc., although there is higher obdurability combination, but due to containing more expensive alloying elements
Co, Ni and Mo etc. make material cost expensive, limit its application.Nanometer bainitic steel is near
The steel grade of new generation having high intensity levels that year grows up, its ultimate tensile strength, up to 2.5GPa, is bent
Take intensity and reach 1.7GPa, and there is preferable plasticity.But expensive alloying elements Co to be added in this steel,
And needs long-time isothermal hardening a couple of days at a lower temperature is to the several months so that it is the production cycle is long, cost
Higher, and the size of material is had certain restriction, be not suitable for doing large scale material, additionally, Namibe
Family name's body toughness when withstanding shocks load is poor so that it is application is restricted.
Therefore, research and development low cost unimach is the development trend of following ferrous materials.C is in steel
One of maximally efficient element of the raising strength of materials, but in lonneal martensite steel, carbon content is typically controlled
System is within 0.30wt.%, and too high carbon can cause existing in quenching structure substantial amounts of twin crystal martensite, and
The amount of twin crystal martensite can increase along with carbon content and increase, and causes the fragility of material to increase.In lonneal
High carbon martensite is often applied to withstanding shocks the less field of load, such as cutlery, mould, bearing etc..Mesh
In front research in report, have not been achievable and obtain superhigh intensity after high carbon martensite quenching lonneal
Martensitic steel material with plasticity.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel and preparation method thereof,
The comprehensive mechanical property of the martensite steel of this superhigh intensity is good, intensity and plasticity above major part martensite
Aged steel；This preparation method technique is simple, and operating process controllability is strong, it is possible to according to the temperature of heat treatment and
Time adjusts the austenite grain size size in martensite steel.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel, by percentage to the quality, this superhigh intensity martensite
The chemical composition of steel is: C:0.6%～0.85%；Si:0.01%～0.8%；Mn:0.1%～0.5%；Cr:
0.8%～2.0%；Cu:0.05%～0.4%；Ni:0.05%～0.3%；Ti:0.02%～0.1%；V:
0.02%～0.2%；Nb:0.02%～0.15%；P:＜ 0.02%；S:＜ 0.02%, surplus is Fe.
Yield strength Rp of this superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel0.2It is 1950～2250MPa, anti-
Tensile strength Rm is 2150～2400MPa, and elongation percentage is 6～10%.
In this superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel, original austenite average grain size is less than 10 μm；Super
The microscopic structure of high intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel is perfect dislocation martensite or with dislocation substructure horse
Family name's body is main and with twins sub-structure martensite, and wherein, the volume fraction of twins sub-structure martensite controls
Within the 20% of this microscopic structure.
The preparation method of a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel, it is characterised in that include following step
Rapid:
1) in the ratio of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel chemical composition described in claim 1, first
Raw steel, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon and the pig iron are heated to melting sources and become molten steel, then add successively in molten steel
Entering vanadium iron, ferro-niobium, electrolytic nickel, fine copper, ferromanganese and titanium, insulation is until the homogenization of composition that adds, then
Being cast into steel ingot, cast temperature is less than 1550 DEG C；
2) by being incubated 2h after Heating Steel Ingots to 1100～1200 DEG C, then forge or roll, obtaining base
Body, air cooling is to room temperature；
3) it is incubated 1.5h after base substrate being heated to 500～700 DEG C, then rolls, drafts in the operation of rolling
It is 50～90%；
4) by step 3) process after material be heated to 750～900 DEG C after be incubated 5～30min, be cooled to room
Temperature, then through 160～350 DEG C of temper 1～2.5h, obtain superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel.
Step 2) it is that ingot casting is made slab or pole through forging several times or rolling.
Step 2) temperature that carries out finish-forging or the finish to gauge forged or roll is 800～900 DEG C.
Step 3) the operation of rolling be that point 2～5 passages complete.
Step 4) be cooled to room temperature be by material in water or quenching oil cooling process.
Step 1) it is former by raw steel, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon and pig iron loading intermediate frequency furnace is heated to
Material is fused into molten steel.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has a following useful technique effect:
1, the present invention adds element V, Ti and Nb of appropriate crystal grain thinning in the alloy, and by heat at
During reason, heating-up temperature and adjusting of temperature retention time control growing up of austenite grain size, make austenite
Crystallite dimension controls within 10 μm, and the microscopic structure obtaining superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel is
Perfect dislocation martensite or based on dislocation substructure martensite and with twins sub-structure martensite, described twin
Within volume fraction is microscopic structure the 20% of brilliant substructure martensite；Microscopic structure also allows for exist less
The undissolved carbide of amount.
2, the maximum pulling strength of the superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel of the present invention is up to 2.4GPa,
And having the elongation percentage of 10%, the obdurability of material reaches the water of 18Ni (C350) Maraging steel
Flat, and Rp0.2>=1950Mpa, Rm >=2300MPa, elongation percentage A >=6%, but the cost of material therefor
Less than Maraging steel cost 1/100.
3, without precious alloy unit in the chemical composition of the superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel of the present invention
Element, the cost of material is low, and preparation method processes technique simply, with existing super austempering
Technique is compared, and this tempering process of quenching is made without long-time isothermal processes, and production efficiency is high, be easily achieved.
4, the application of the superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel of the present invention is not limited by workpiece shapes,
Before the heat treatment materials processing can be become variously-shaped workpiece, carry out heat treatment the most again, apply model
Enclose wide.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The electromicroscopic photograph organized after Fig. 1 is the rolling of 1# material and after quenching；
Wherein, organize after (a) is 1# sample warm-rolling；B () is the Display of Grain Boundary after 1# sample heat treatment；(c)
Tissue under the tem after quenching for 1# sample；
The electromicroscopic photograph organized after Fig. 2 is the rolling of 2# material and after quenching；
Wherein, organize after (a) is 2# sample warm-rolling；B () is tissue under the tem after the quenching of 2# sample；
The electromicroscopic photograph organized after Fig. 3 is the rolling of 3# material and after quenching；
Wherein, organize after (a) is 3# sample warm-rolling；B () is tissue under the tem after the quenching of 3# sample；
The electromicroscopic photograph organized after Fig. 4 is the rolling of 4# material and after quenching；
Wherein, organize after (a) is 4# sample warm-rolling；B () is tissue under the tem after the quenching of 4# sample；
The electromicroscopic photograph organized after Fig. 5 is the rolling of 5# material and after quenching；
Wherein, organize after (a) is 5# sample warm-rolling；B () is tissue under the tem after the quenching of 5# sample
The electromicroscopic photograph organized after Fig. 6 is the rolling of 6# material and after quenching；
Wherein, organize after (a) is 6# sample warm-rolling；B () is tissue under the tem after the quenching of 6# sample.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, described in the present invention
Explain rather than limit.
The superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel chemical composition of the present invention is (wt.%): C:0.6～0.85,
Si:0.01～0.8, Mn:0.1～0.5, Cr:0.8～2.0, Cu:0.05～0.4, Ni:0.05～0.3, Ti:
0.02～0.1, V:0.02～0.2, Nb:0.02～0.15, P:＜ 0.02, S:＜ 0.02, surplus is Fe.
The superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel of described composition uses vacuum or conventional method to carry out melting
And it is cast into ingot casting；Then forge or roll after ingot casting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h,
Through multi-pass rolling or be forged into slab or pole, finish to gauge or final forging temperature and control at 800～900 DEG C, then
Air cooling is to room temperature；Warm-rolling is carried out after again the material after forging or rolling being heated to 500～700 DEG C of insulation 1.5h,
Dividing 2～5 passages to complete according to the scantling operation of rolling, drafts is 50～90%.
Described superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel is by adding appropriate crystal grain thinning in the alloy
Element V, Ti, Nb, and control austenite by the adjustment of heating-up temperature in heat treatment process and temperature retention time
Growing up of crystallite dimension, the crystallite dimension of austenite should control within 10 μm.Material heating after warm-rolling
To 750～900 DEG C of insulations 5～30min, in water or quenching oil, be cooled to rapidly room temperature, then 160～
350 DEG C of tempering 1～2.5h.
It is organized as perfect dislocation martensite or dislocation after the quenching of described superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel
Substructure martensite is for leading and having a small amount of twins sub-structure martensite, and the volume fraction of twin crystal martensite should control
Within 20%, in addition tissue also allows for a small amount of undissolved carbide；It is organized as after tempered being tempered horse
Family name's body or tempered martensite and a small amount of undissolved carbide.
Not only have super according to steel of the present invention prepared by above-mentioned chemical composition, process technique and organizational controls technology
High tensile strength, and the most preferable plasticity, comprehensive mechanical property reaches 18Ni (C350) level.
Specific performance is: Rp0.2>=1950Mpa, Rm >=2300MPa, A >=6%.
Composition below according to the present invention designs the composition requiring to devise 6 stove steel, numbered 1#～6#, adopts
Carry out melting by electromagnetic induction furnace vacuum melting or conventional method, be cast into Ф 100mm pole, 6 stove steel
Chemical composition is as shown in table 1.
Chemical composition composition (wt.%) of table 1 unimach
Embodiment 1
Forge after 1# sample after vacuum induction melting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, forging
Becoming thickness is 25mm heavy slab, and final forging temperature controls at 800～900 DEG C, and then air cooling is to room temperature；Again will
Material after forging carries out warm-rolling after being heated to 600 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, and the operation of rolling divides 3 passages to complete, pressure
Lower amount is 80%, and obtaining thickness is 5mm plate.After rolling, material structure is that nano-carbide Dispersed precipitate exists
On ultra-fine ferrite matrix, as shown in Fig. 1 (a).After rolling, material is rapid after 850 DEG C of insulation 10min
Quenching in water, the crystallite dimension of original austenite is 4～7 μm, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), being organized as after quenching
Perfect dislocation substructure martensite, as shown in Fig. 1 (c).Sample after quenching is mechanical property after 160 DEG C of tempering 1h
Can be: Rp0.2=2023MPa, Rm=2400MPa, A=10%.
Embodiment 2
Forge after 2# sample after conventional method melting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, forging
Becoming Ф 40mm rod, final forging temperature controls at 800～900 DEG C, and then air cooling is to room temperature；Again by after forging
Material carries out warm-rolling after being heated to 700 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, and the operation of rolling divides 2 passages to complete, and drafts is
50%, obtain Ф 20mm rod.After rolling, material structure is that nano-carbide Dispersed precipitate is at ultra-fine ferrite
On matrix, as shown in Fig. 2 (a).Material after rolling is quenched rapidly in water after 800 DEG C of insulation 20min,
The crystallite dimension of original austenite is 4～6 μm, is organized as perfect dislocation substructure martensite after quenching, such as figure
Shown in 2 (b).Sample after quenching mechanical property after 200 DEG C of tempering 1.5h is: Rp0.2=1987MPa,
Rm=2311MPa, A=7.2%.
Embodiment 3
Forge after 3# sample after conventional method melting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, forging
Becoming Ф 45mm rod, final forging temperature controls at 800～900 DEG C, and then air cooling is to room temperature；Again by after forging
Material carries out warm-rolling after being heated to 550 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, and the operation of rolling divides 5 passages to complete, and drafts is
90%, obtain Ф 5mm rod,.After rolling, material structure is that nano-carbide Dispersed precipitate is at ultra-fine ferrite
On matrix, as shown in Fig. 3 (a).Material after rolling is quenched rapidly in oil after 830 DEG C of insulation 15min,
The crystallite dimension of original austenite is 4～7 μm, and the tissue after quenching is mainly dislocation substructure martensite, twin
The amount of brilliant martensite is less than 10%, as shown in Fig. 3 (b).Sample after quenching is power after 250 DEG C of tempering 2.5h
Performance is: Rp0.2=2052MPa, Rm=2407MPa, A=9.3%.
Embodiment 4
Roll after 4# sample after vacuum induction melting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, roll into
Thickness is 45mm heavy slab, and final forging temperature controls at 800～900 DEG C, and then air cooling is to room temperature；To roll again
Material after system carries out warm-rolling after being heated to 500 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, and the operation of rolling divides 3 passages to complete, pressure
Amount is 55%, and obtaining thickness is 20mm plate, and after rolling, material structure is that nano-carbide Dispersed precipitate is super
On thin ferrite matrix, as shown in Fig. 4 (a).Material after rolling is quenched rapidly after 750 DEG C of insulation 30min
Entering in oil, the crystallite dimension of original austenite is 4～6 μm, is organized as dislocation substructure martensite after quenching,
And have a small amount of undissolved carbide, as shown in Fig. 4 (b).Sample after quenching is mechanics after 200 DEG C of tempering 1.5h
Performance is: Rp0.2=2056MPa, Rm=2317MPa, A=6.7%.
Embodiment 5
Forge after 5# sample after vacuum induction melting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, forging
Becoming thickness is 40mm heavy slab, and final forging temperature controls at 800～900 DEG C, and then air cooling is to room temperature；Again will
Material after forging carries out warm-rolling after being heated to 650 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, and the operation of rolling divides 5 passages to complete, pressure
Lower amount is 75%, and obtaining thickness is 10mm plate, and after rolling, material structure is that nano-carbide Dispersed precipitate exists
On ultra-fine ferrite matrix, as shown in Fig. 5 (a).After rolling, material is rapid after 880 DEG C of insulation 20min
Quenching in oil, the crystallite dimension of original austenite is 6～10 μm, and the tissue after quenching is mainly dislocation substructure
Martensite, the amount of twin crystal martensite is less than 15%, as shown in Fig. 5 (b).Sample after quenching returns through 250 DEG C
After fire 2h, mechanical property is: Rp0.2=2127MPa, Rm=2412MPa, A=6.1%.
Embodiment 6
Forge after 6# sample after vacuum induction melting is heated to 1100～1200 DEG C of insulation 2h, forging
Becoming thickness is 45mm heavy slab, and final forging temperature controls at 800～900 DEG C, and then air cooling is to room temperature；Again will
Material after forging carries out warm-rolling after being heated to 620 DEG C of insulation 1.5h, and the operation of rolling divides 5 passages to complete, pressure
Lower amount is 85%, and obtaining thickness is 5mm plate.After rolling, material structure is that nano-carbide Dispersed precipitate exists
On ultra-fine ferrite matrix, as shown in Fig. 6 (a).After rolling, material is rapid after 860 DEG C of insulation 12min
Quenching in oil, the crystallite dimension of original austenite is 5～8 μm, and the tissue after quenching is mainly dislocation substructure
Martensite, the amount of twin crystal martensite is less than 20%, as shown in Fig. 6 (b).Sample after quenching returns through 350 DEG C
After fire 1h, mechanical property is: Rp0.2=2176MPa, Rm=2426MPa, A=6%.
In sum, the super-strength martensitic steel Central Plains austenite grain size of the present invention is less than 10 μm,
Microscopic structure after quenching is that perfect dislocation martensite or dislocation substructure martensite are for leading and having a small amount of twin sub-
Structure martensite, the volume fraction of twin crystal martensite should be less than 20%；Additionally, also allow for a small amount of in Zu Zhi
Undissolved carbide.The super-strength martensitic steel of the present invention has a good comprehensive mechanical property:
Rp0.2 >=1950MPa, Rm >=2300MPa, A >=6%.
Production technology of the present invention is simple, and intensity and plasticity exceed in major part Maraging steel, and material not
Need to add substantial amounts of alloying element, cost can be substantially reduced.The steel using the present invention to prepare has superelevation
Intensity, it is possible to reaching 18Ni (C350) level, material maximum pulling strength is up to 2.4GPa, and has
There is the elongation percentage of 10%.Without expensive alloying elements in material, the cost of material is low, and it is simple to process technique,
Compared with super bainite isothermal quenching technique, this tempering process of quenching is made without long-time isothermal processes,
Production efficiency is high, be easily achieved.The application of steel of the present invention is not limited by workpiece shapes, can be at heat treatment
Materials processing is become variously-shaped workpiece before, carries out heat treatment the most again, expand its range of application.
Claims (8)
1. a superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel, it is characterised in that by percentage to the quality,
The chemical composition of this superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel is: C:0.6%～0.85%；Si:
0.01%～0.8%；Mn:0.1%～0.5%；Cr:0.8%～2.0%；Cu:0.05%～0.4%；Ni:
0.05%～0.3%；Ti:0.02%～0.1%；V:0.02%～0.2%；Nb:0.02%～0.15%；P:＜
0.02%；S:＜ 0.02%, surplus is Fe；
Yield strength Rp of this superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel0.2It is 1950～2250MPa, anti-
Tensile strength Rm is 2150～2400MPa, and elongation percentage is 6～10%.
A kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, in this superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel, original austenite average grain size is less than 10 μm；Super
The microscopic structure of high intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel is perfect dislocation martensite or with dislocation substructure horse
Family name's body is main and with twins sub-structure martensite, and wherein, the volume fraction of twins sub-structure martensite controls
Within the 20% of this microscopic structure.
3. the preparation method of a superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel, it is characterised in that include with
Lower step:
1) in the ratio of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel chemical composition described in claim 1, first
Raw steel, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon and the pig iron are heated to melting sources and become molten steel, then add successively in molten steel
Entering vanadium iron, ferro-niobium, electrolytic nickel, fine copper, ferromanganese and titanium, insulation is until the homogenization of composition that adds, then
Being cast into steel ingot, cast temperature is less than 1550 DEG C；
2) by being incubated 2h after Heating Steel Ingots to 1100～1200 DEG C, then forge or roll, obtaining base
Body, air cooling is to room temperature；
3) it is incubated 1.5h after base substrate being heated to 500～700 DEG C, then rolls, drafts in the operation of rolling
It is 50～90%；
4) by step 3) process after material be heated to 750～900 DEG C after be incubated 5～30min, be cooled to room
Temperature, then through 160～350 DEG C of temper 1～2.5h, obtain superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel.
The preparation method of a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel the most according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, step 2) it is that ingot casting is made slab or pole through forging several times or rolling.
The preparation method of a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel the most according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, step 2) temperature that carries out finish-forging or the finish to gauge forged or roll is 800～900 DEG C.
The preparation method of a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel the most according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, step 3) the operation of rolling be that point 2～5 passages complete.
The preparation method of a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel the most according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, step 4) be cooled to room temperature be by material in water or quenching oil cooling process.
The preparation method of a kind of superhigh intensity high-carbon dislocation type martensite steel the most according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, step 1) it is to load raw steel, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon and the pig iron in intermediate frequency furnace to heat
It is warming up to melting sources and becomes molten steel.
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| CN105586536B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-04-17 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-intensity and high-tenacity lamellar tissue low-carbon martensitic steels |
| CN105734237B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2018-01-02 | 东北大学 | A kind of process of the heat-resisting Blade Steel high temperature creep properties of raising 403Nb |
| KR101819383B1 (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-01-17 | 주식회사 포스코 | Quenched high carbon steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN112899445B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-05-10 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method for super martensitic stainless steel medium plate |
| CN113151645B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 鞍钢集团北京研究院有限公司 | High-ductility maraging steel with excellent fatigue resistance and preparation method thereof |
| CN113667905A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-19 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Ultra-high-strength high-performance maraging stainless steel and warm rolling preparation method thereof |
| CN114774800B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-08-08 | 河南科技大学 | Ultrahigh-strength high-plasticity and toughness martensitic steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114774642B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-11-24 | 中航试金石检测科技(西安)有限公司 | Heat treatment process for A-100 steel |
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| CN101270453B (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-09-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Ultrahigh-strength thermal forming martensitic steel |
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