CN104911466A - Ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile engine cylinder jacket preparation and specifically relates to an ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure (bainite & martensite) cylinder jacket and a preparation method thereof. The material of the cylinder jacket is gray cast iron, and the microstructure of the cylinder jacket comprises two structure phases of bainite and martensite; in percentage by mass, the cylinder jacket is prepared from such components as 2.6-2.8% of carbon, 1.8-2.2% of silicon, 0.4-0.8% of niobium, 0.2-0.4% of copper, 0.1-0.3% of manganese, 0.1-0.3% of cobalt, 0.08-0.3% of nitrogen, less than or equal to 0.08% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.08% of sulfur, and the balance of iron. The ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket is mainly characterized in that the adopted cylinder jacket material is added with an appropriate amount of such elements as niobium, cobalt, copper and nitrogen on the basis of common gray cast iron, and noble metal elements such as nickel and molybdenum are completely avoided. The preparation method is simple and convenient, and easy to implement, and has the characteristics of high strength and high elastic modulus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automobile engine cylinder cover preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of superstrength heterogeneous structure (bainite+martensite) cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cylinder sleeve is as one of the core members, consumable accessory of engine, and the impact such as power, oil consumption, discharge of its quality on engine is larger.Along with the lifting required automotive performance, the hardness, working accuracy, surface quality etc. of engine design teacher to cylinder sleeve require increasingly stringent, in cylinder sleeve selection, consider that graphitic cast iron has the factors such as damping, antifriction, Zi Run, price are low, easy processing, thus cylinder liner material multiselect grey cast iron more.But gray iron tensile strength is low, and plasticity is almost nil, cylinder sleeve comprehensive mechanical performance is difficult to top bar.For obtaining high performance cylinder sleeve material, in various cast iron matrix tissue, bainite structure, with its distinctive mechanical property, extends the work-ing life of cylinder sleeve, makes bainitic cast iron receive lot of domestic and foreign Automobile Enterprises and pays close attention to more and more widely.But, for the automobile product of different applications, it is also different for cylinder sleeve performance requriements, such as high-power diesel motor, it is for the engine calls of cylinder sleeve requirement of strength far above other type, continual exploitation of thus still needing new, the cylinder sleeve product that different performance requires can be adapted to.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of heterogeneous structure (bainite+martensite) gray cast iron cylinder jacket and preparation method thereof, and this cylinder sleeve has superstrength, is applicable to high-power diesel motor cylinder and uses.
Below technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail as follows.
A kind of heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket, this cylinder liner material is graphitic cast iron, and its heterogeneous microstructure comprises bainite and martensite two kinds and organizes phase; By percentage to the quality, this cylinder liner material composition is:
Carbon, 2.6 ~ 2.8%; Silicon, 1.8 ~ 2.2%;
Niobium, 0.4 ~ 0.8%; Copper, 0.2 ~ 0.4%;
Manganese, 0.1 ~ 0.3%; Cobalt, 0.1 ~ 0.3%;
Nitrogen, 0.08 ~ 0.3%;
Phosphorus ,≤0.08%; Sulphur ,≤0.08%, surplus is iron.
Described heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket, by percentage to the quality, the more excellent composition proportion of cylinder liner material is:
Carbon, 2.7%; Silicon, 1.85%;
Niobium, 0.8%; Copper, 0.25%;
Manganese, 0.2%; Cobalt, 0.2%;
Nitrogen, 0.15%;
Phosphorus, 0.05%; Sulphur, 0.05%, surplus is iron.
The preparation method of described heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare burden in proportion,
(2) melting, liner blank is prepared in cast, and mixing in step (1) is material 1450 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C meltings, comes out of the stove for 1500 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, 1150 ~ 1250r/min centrifugal casting, teeming temperature is 1350 DEG C ~ 1450 DEG C; Die temperature is at 350 ~ 500 DEG C, and mold clearing temperature is not less than 740 DEG C, goes out to be molded as blank after casting;
(3) process, step (2) blank is processed into cylinder jacket semi-finished product;
(4) complex tissue obtains mutually,
Inserted in chamber type electric resistance furnace by processing exhaust hood cover work in-process in step (3) and carry out austenitizing process, austenitizing temperature is 880 DEG C, and soaking time is 1.5 hours;
Austenitizing process is terminated exhaust hood cover to put into rapidly hardening liquid and carry out quench treatment, the cool time calculates according to the cooling rate according to 90 ~ 120 DEG C/s, and workpiece temperature is quenched to 350 ~ 380 DEG C, to prevent from, in process of cooling, perlitic transformation occurs; Described hardening liquid to be mass concentration be 28% PAG hardening liquid, the concrete hardening liquid as Shenzhen product Houghton AQ251 model;
After quenching terminates, cylinder sleeve is transferred to rapidly in the pit furnace of 360 DEG C ~ 375 DEG C and be incubated 80 ~ 100 minutes, in this process bainite transformation occurs, be now organized as upper bainite tissue and residual austenite; With by cylinder sleeve air cooling to room temperature;
(5) low-temperaturetempering process, by cylinder sleeve in step (4) 180 ~ 220 DEG C of insulations 80 ~ 100 minutes, obtain tempered martensite in this process, air cooling is to room temperature immediately, the final gray cast iron cylinder jacket obtaining bainite and add martensitic heterogeneous structure.
Heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket provided by the present invention, mainly design is optimized to the alloying constituent of cylinder sleeve, its main design thought is: niobium is neutral element, to graphite shape in cylinder sleeve cast part, the impact of distribution is also little, simultaneously niobium element can with carbon, nitrogen forms NbC, Nb(C, the carbon of high rigidity such as N), nitride, the carbon of these high rigidity, nitride is Dispersed precipitate, the complex matrix of high-wearing feature can be formed in the heterogeneous structure of final bainite and martensite, its granular size is generally 2 ~ 7 μm, microhardness reaches Hv2000 ~ 3390, can efficient hardening graphitic cast iron matrix.Cobalt can improve the free energy of γ (austenite) → α (ferrite) (austenite is to ferritic transformation) thus the formation time of shortening bainite, identical with the effect of noble element molybdenum, meanwhile can also promote greying.Nitrogen element can replace nickel element completely, finds full expression in austenitic stainless steel, therefore introduces the use that appropriate nitrogen unit usually replaces noble element nickel in the present invention.
The heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that contriver provides with regard to the application and cylinder sleeve of the prior art have carried out brief comparison, and brief introduction is as follows.With the contrast of prior art one (CN 2007100551150), the application, on the basis of prior art one, adds cobalt, nitrogen element, does not use the elements such as nickel, chromium, tin simultaneously, reduces production cost to a certain extent; Performance is better than the as-cast bainite matrix of existing cylinder sleeve, specifically, wear resistance is improved significantly, and mechanical property (comprising tensile strength, hardness) is far above existing cylinder liner material.Contrast with prior art two (CN 2012102231514), reduces the content of carbon, silicon in material composition, make cylinder liner material toughness be improved significantly; Graphitic cast iron matrix simultaneously prepared by prior art two is perlite, the bainite obtained with the present invention and martensite heterogeneous structure completely different, cylinder sleeve prepared by the present invention is after low-temperaturetempering, and intensity strengthens further, and resultant performance enhancements is obvious.With the contrast of prior art three (CN 2012102050580), do not have to adopt the zinc element being easy to cause environmental pollution in the present invention, in documents three, matrix is pearlitic structure simultaneously, and mechanical property and the application also differ larger.
Heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket provided by the present invention, principal feature is on cylinder liner material, cylinder liner material used on the basis of common grey iron, adds the elements such as appropriate niobium (Nb), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nitrogen (N) realize, and do not use the noble metal element such as nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo) completely, effectively can reduce production cost.Preparation method is easy, what adopt is the foundry goods process for cooling of less energy-consumption, be easy to realize, compare the cylinder sleeve technologies of preparing such as as-cast bainite nickel-molybdenum-copper alloy cast iron and isothermal quenching and have more economy, in the application, the main preparation process of cylinder sleeve is: first carry out austenitizing process by chamber type electric resistance furnace, then blank is carried out quench treatment in hardening liquid, the insulation can putting into rapidly 360 ~ 375 DEG C again carries out isothermal holding, abundant to ensure bainite transformation, last low-temperaturetempering is again to promote that residual austenite changes formation martensitic stucture further, final formation bainite adds the gray cast iron cylinder jacket of martensite heterogeneous structure.
Carry out Performance Detection to prepared heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket, salient features is as follows: Rm(tensile strength) > 600MPa, E > 150GPa; Have the advantages that intensity is high, Young's modulus is high compared to existing bainite matrix gray cast iron material cylinder sleeve, especially in high-power diesel motor (high-speed overload engine) cylinder body and other high-strength gray cast iron foundry goods, there is good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 metallographic structure that cylinder sleeve is overlapped through low-temperaturetempering process exhaust hood prepared by embodiment 1, wherein a is organization chart before 180 DEG C of low-temperaturetemperings, and b is organization chart after 180 DEG C of low-temperaturetemperings;
Fig. 2 metallographic structure that cylinder sleeve is overlapped through low-temperaturetempering process exhaust hood prepared by embodiment 2, wherein a is organization chart before 180 DEG C of low-temperaturetemperings (before tempering, tissue is bainite+residual austenite+A type graphite), and b is organization chart after 180 DEG C of low-temperaturetemperings;
Fig. 3 metallographic structure that cylinder sleeve is overlapped through low-temperaturetempering process exhaust hood prepared by embodiment 3, wherein a is organization chart before 220 DEG C of low-temperaturetemperings, and b is organization chart after 220 DEG C of low-temperaturetemperings (after temper, tissue is bainite+martensite+A type graphite).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, explanation is further explained to the application.
embodiment 1
The heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that the present embodiment provides, this cylinder liner material is graphitic cast iron, and its heterogeneous microstructure comprises bainite and martensite two kinds and organizes phase; By percentage to the quality, this cylinder liner material composition is:
Carbon, 2.7%; Silicon, 1.85%;
Niobium, 0.4%; Copper, 0.25%;
Manganese, 0.2%; Cobalt, 0.2%;
Nitrogen, 0.15%;
Phosphorus, 0.05%; Sulphur, 0.05%, surplus is iron.
The preparation method of described heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare burden in proportion,
(2) melting, the standby liner blank of cast, mixing in step (1) is material 1450 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C meltings, comes out of the stove for 1500 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, 1150 ~ 1250r/min centrifugal casting, teeming temperature is 1350 DEG C ~ 1450 DEG C; Die temperature is at 350 ~ 500 DEG C, and mold clearing temperature is not less than 740 DEG C, goes out to be molded as blank after casting;
(3) process, step (2) blank is processed into cylinder jacket semi-finished product;
(4) complex tissue obtains mutually,
Inserted in chamber type electric resistance furnace by processing exhaust hood cover work in-process in step (3) and carry out austenitizing process, austenitizing temperature is 880 DEG C, and soaking time is 1.5 hours;
Austenitizing process is terminated exhaust hood cover to put into rapidly hardening liquid and carry out quench treatment, the cool time calculates according to the cooling rate of 90 ~ 120 DEG C/s, and workpiece temperature is quenched to 350 ~ 380 DEG C, to prevent from, in process of cooling, perlitic transformation occurs; Described hardening liquid is that Houghton AQ251 model hardening liquid is produced in Shenzhen;
After quenching terminates, cylinder sleeve is transferred to rapidly in the pit furnace of 360 DEG C ~ 375 DEG C and be incubated 90 minutes, in this process bainite transformation occurs, be now organized as upper bainite tissue and residual austenite; With by cylinder sleeve air cooling to room temperature;
(5) low-temperaturetempering process, by cylinder sleeve in step (4) 180 DEG C of insulations 90 minutes, Transformation of Retained Austenite becomes martensitic stucture in this process, and air cooling is to room temperature immediately.
Detect according to relevant GB and industry standard the mechanical property of the heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that the present embodiment provides, result is: hardness=343HB, Rm=626MPa, E=162GPa, and corresponding heterogeneous microstructure as shown in Figure 1.
embodiment 2
The heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that the present embodiment provides, this cylinder liner material is graphitic cast iron, and its heterogeneous microstructure comprises bainite and martensite two kinds and organizes phase; By percentage to the quality, this cylinder liner material composition is:
Carbon, 2.7%; Silicon, 1.85%;
Niobium, 0.8%; Copper, 0.25%;
Manganese, 0.2%; Cobalt, 0.2%;
Nitrogen, 0.15%;
Phosphorus, 0.05%; Sulphur, 0.05%, surplus is iron.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Detect according to relevant GB and industry standard the mechanical property of the heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that the present embodiment provides, result is: hardness=356HB, Rm=648MPa, E=164GPa, and corresponding heterogeneous microstructure as shown in Figure 2.
embodiment 3
The heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that the present embodiment provides, this cylinder liner material is graphitic cast iron, and its heterogeneous microstructure comprises bainite and martensite two kinds and organizes phase; By percentage to the quality, this cylinder liner material composition is:
Carbon, 2.7%; Silicon, 1.85%;
Niobium, 0.4%; Copper, 0.25%;
Manganese, 0.2%; Cobalt, 0.2%;
Nitrogen, 0.15%;
Phosphorus, 0.05%; Sulphur, 0.05%, surplus is iron.
(whether same embodiment 1 of filling a prescription, please verify and confirm correct)
Preparation method is with embodiment 1, and only in set-up procedure (5), low tempering temperatures is 220 DEG C.
Detect according to relevant GB and industry standard the mechanical property of the heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket that the present embodiment provides, result is: hardness=335HB, Rm=614MPa, E=159GPa, and corresponding heterogeneous microstructure as shown in Figure 3.
It should be noted that, above-described embodiment is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiment is exhaustive, correlative proportioning, preparation temperature parameter being carried out to suitably amendment and can be obtained complete technical scheme, for avoiding repetition, illustrating no longer one by one.
Claims (7)
1. a heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket, is characterized in that, this cylinder liner material is graphitic cast iron, and its heterogeneous microstructure comprises bainite and martensite two kinds and organizes phase; By percentage to the quality, this cylinder liner material composition is:
Carbon, 2.6 ~ 2.8%; Silicon, 1.8 ~ 2.2%;
Niobium, 0.4 ~ 0.8%; Copper, 0.2 ~ 0.4%;
Manganese, 0.1 ~ 0.3%; Cobalt, 0.1 ~ 0.3%;
Nitrogen, 0.08 ~ 0.3%;
Phosphorus ,≤0.08%; Sulphur ,≤0.08%, surplus is iron.
2. heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, by percentage to the quality, this cylinder liner material composition is:
Carbon, 2.7%; Silicon, 1.85%;
Niobium, 0.8%; Copper, 0.25%;
Manganese, 0.2%; Cobalt, 0.2%;
Nitrogen, 0.15%;
Phosphorus, 0.05%; Sulphur, 0.05%, surplus is iron.
3. the preparation method of heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare burden in proportion,
(2) melting, liner blank is prepared in cast;
(3) process, step (2) blank is processed into cylinder jacket semi-finished product;
(4) complex tissue obtains mutually,
Processing exhaust hood cover work in-process in step (3) are carried out austenitizing process;
Austenitizing process is terminated exhaust hood cover to put into hardening liquid and carry out quench treatment, the cool time calculates according to the cooling rate of 90 ~ 120 DEG C/s, and workpiece temperature is quenched to 350 ~ 380 DEG C;
After quenching terminates, cylinder sleeve is transferred in the pit furnace of 360 ~ 375 DEG C and be incubated 80 ~ 100 minutes; With by cylinder sleeve air cooling to room temperature;
(5) low-temperaturetempering process, by step (4) gained cylinder sleeve 180 ~ 220 DEG C of insulations 80 ~ 100 minutes, air cooling is to room temperature immediately.
4. the preparation method of heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the design parameter of melting in step (2), cast is: 1450 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C meltings, come out of the stove for 1500 DEG C ~ 1550 DEG C, 1150 ~ 1250r/min centrifugal casting, teeming temperature is 1350 DEG C ~ 1450 DEG C, and die temperature is at 350 ~ 500 DEG C, and mold clearing temperature is not less than 740 DEG C.
5. the preparation method of heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described in step (4), the austenitizing temperature of austenitizing process is 880 DEG C, and soaking time is 1.5 hours.
6. the preparation method of heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, hardening liquid described in step (4) to be mass concentration be 28% PAG hardening liquid.
7. the preparation method of heterogeneous structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, hardening liquid is the hardening liquid that Houghton AQ251 model is produced in Shenzhen.
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| CN105369121A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-03-02 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | Gray pig iron air cylinder sleeve and gas nitriding production process thereof |
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| CN111546014A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-18 | 河南中原吉凯恩气缸套有限公司 | Machining process of steel thin-wall induction quenching cylinder sleeve |
| CN111945057A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-17 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | High-strength and high-wear-resistance alloy gray cast iron cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN111979493A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-11-24 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | Steel cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105543449A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-05-04 | 浙江增洲造船有限公司 | Surface quenching technology of marine cylinder sleeve |
| CN108754294A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-06 | 青岛远航动力工贸有限公司 | A kind of anti abrasive engine alloy cylinder jacket and its technique |
| CN111945057A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-17 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | High-strength and high-wear-resistance alloy gray cast iron cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof |
| CN111546014A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-18 | 河南中原吉凯恩气缸套有限公司 | Machining process of steel thin-wall induction quenching cylinder sleeve |
| CN111979493A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-11-24 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | Steel cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof |
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